Department of Petroleum Engineering

Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur

II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

Unit – 1
(For internal circulation only)

WELL PLANNING
BY
Er. Jagdish Gahlot

Introduction:
The concept of well planning vary within drilling industry but the end result should be
a safely drilled, minimum cost hole that satisfies the reservoir engineer’s requirements for the
production of the fluids.

Well Planning covers the following:

 Well Design
 Casing & Cement Design
 Drilling fluid design
 Drill bit selection
 Well control equipments
 Safety Equipments

Objectives of Well Planning:

(1) Safety
(2) Minimum cost
(3) Usable

(1) Safety:
 Safety of the crew members
 Safety of the well

(2) Minimum cost:

 minimise the cost of the well without sacrificing or compromising on the
safety aspects.

1
Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

(3) Usable
 Diameter should be sufficient
 Damage should not be irreparable
 Can not be achieved in abnormal pressure conditions

Flow Path for Well Planning :

2
Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

Activities before start of drilling operation:

Activities undertaken prior to start of drilling operation can be broken down into the
following steps:

(1) Release of location.

(2) Survey of surface/subsea location. Sometimes the cost can be reduced by a small change
in surface location.
(3) Civil works and foundation for onshore drillsite and soil coring/sea bed survey in case of
offshore well.
(4) Preparation of Geo- Technical Order.
(5) Preparation of complete well plan/programme.
(6) Preparation of bill of material and initiation of purchase procedure, if required.
(7) Procedures from obtaining sanction for purchase to receipt of material.
(8) Rig allocation and its shifting to the new location.

Input data for well planning

The information required for planning of a well are:
(1) The objective of the well.
(2) Well data package consisting of seismic data, location map, structural map, expected pore
pressures, offset and correlation logs and information on formation type, top and
thickness.
(3) Offset and correlated drilled wells data consisting of bit record, mud reports. Mud logging
data, drilling reports, well completion reports, complication reports and
production/injection histories.
(4) Proposed logging, testing and coring programmes.
(5) Government reflection and Company's policy.

Sequence Of Well Planning:

1. Type of Well: Wildcat, Exploratory,Development, Relief or Re-entry

2. Method of Drilling: Cable tool Drilling, Rotary Drilling, Drilling with Down the Hole
motors, Top drive drilling etc.

3.Target Location & Analysis:

i. Vertical well drilling ii. Directional well drilling
iii. Horizontal well drilling

4. Formation Characteristics:
i. Formation Pressure ii. Formation Temperature
iii. Formation condition iv. Formation Permeability
v. Formation Porosity vi. Formation Boundaries

5. Well Lithology:
i. Geological Structure ii. Rock Sequence
iii. Aquifier Position iv. Surface Soil
v. Pay zone rock vi. Fractures
vii. Gas traps viii. Geological faults and folds
ix. Formation dipping

1
Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

6. Mechanical Planning:
i. Overburden pressure ii. Compressive strength
iii. Fracture pressure iv. Stress failure
v. Drillability of rocks vi. Rock consolidation
vii. Rock strength

7. Well Completion Program:

i. Type of well completion: Single, Dual, multiple string completion.
ii. Casing Bit size Program
iii. Casing Setting depth selection
iv. Casing Design
v. Casing Cementing Program

8. Mud Program:
Lithological analysis, Formation Pressure Fracture Pressure
Density planning Mud conditioning Hydraulic impacts
Flow characteristics Mud thixotropy Nozzle performance
Type of mud Functions of mud Properties of mud

9. Drill String and Bottom Hole Assemblies:

Drill pipe Drill collar Positioning the stabilisers
BHA for build up, drop off and tangential drilling.

10. Rig Selection:

i. Analysis of static load and dynamic load
ii. Environmental loading
iii. Derrick load capacity and derrick efficiency
iv. Hoisting planning and block & tackle system
v. Derrick leg foundation and stability
vi. Rig sizing

11. Power Requirements:

i. Requirement of hoisting power
ii. Requirement of Circulation power
iii. Requirement of Rotary power
iv. Requirement of accessory power
v. Total power requirement
vi. Requirement of power source- engines, pumps etc.
vii. Power transmission devices and their lay outs etc.

12. Bit Planning:

i. Type of bit and its suitability; Drag bit, Rotary roller nits, Diamond bits,
PDC bits, Core drilling bits, Jet bits, mill bits
ii. Drilling mechanism of the bits in various formations
iii. Drilling energy of bits
iv. Cost per foot analysis of drill bits.

2
Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

Geo- technical order (G.T.O)

The various input data are thoroughly analysed and the Geo- Technical Order
(G.T.O.) is prepared which provides broad guidelines for drilling of the well.

G.T.O. furnishes the following details:

(a) General data:

 well name
 well number
 area location
 water depth
 elevation
 well type
 category
 objectives of the well etc.

(b) Geological data consists of following details:

 Depth
 Age
 Formation
 Lithology
 Interval of coring
 Electro logging
 Collection of cuttings
 Angle of Dip
 Oil/gas shows
 Formation pressure & Formation temperature
 Mud loss/caving

(c) Mud parameters:

 Type of mud
 Specific gravity
 Viscosity
 pH
 Percentage of sand
 Filtration loss

(d) Drilling data includes

 Casing policy and rise of cement
 Type of drilling
 Type and size of bit
 Number of bits expected
 Weight on bit
 RPM of rotary
 Stand-pipe pressure
 Pump discharge
 Bit nozzle details
 Drilling time

3
Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

Drilling programme/ Drilling Planning preparation:

The preparation of good Drilling Programme is very vital for safe and effective
drilling operation.

Drilling Programme can be broken down into 12 main sections:

(1) Well details
(2) Well objectives
(3) Casing policy
(4) Wellhead selection
(5) BOP requirements
(6) Cementing programme
(7) Deviation programme
(8) Survey requirements
(9) Mud programme
(10) Bit and Hydraulics programme
(11) Evaluation requirements
(12) Estimation of well cost

(1) Well details:

This is a brief summary of the well location, field/structure, type, depth, operatorship and
ownership.
A typical layout of this is shown below:

Location Barmer
Field/ Structure MANGLA
Well Name MANG-3
Well Type Exploratory
Location Data Latitude 220 27’ 19” N
Longitude 670 36' 09.5" E
Water Depth 108 m
Target Tolerance 50m
Total Depth 4515 m
Operator VEDANTA
Name of the rig WDI
Type of rig Land Rig
(2) Well objectives:
Well objectives are defined in the well release order issued by the exploration department. A
typical format for setting out the objectives is given below:

"To test hydrocarbon prospects of fore reef facies in Oligocene, Miocene and carbonate
in Eocenesection of Mangla-Barmer".

(3) Casing policy:

Casing pipes are put into a well bore to isolate unstable formations which may include
heaving shales, lost circulationzones and to protect fresh water horizons especially domestic
water bearing sandstones in case of land wells.

4
Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

Types of casing:
1. Conductor casing
2. Surface casing
3. Intermediate casing
4. Production casing
5. Liner

(4) Wellhead selection:

 Having completed the casing design, we have all the information required to allow us
to select a wellhead.
 The wellhead must be of the correct pressure rating, designed for the desired service
like (H2S) and be capable of accommodating all designed and contingent casing
strings.
 Having selected a wellhead, its specification should be included in the Drilling
Programme along with a sectional view of its component stack up.

(5) BOP requirement:

Hydraulically or mechanically actuated high pressure valve installed at the wellhead
to control pressure within the well.

1. Annular Type
2. Pipe Ram:
 Pipe Ram
 Shear Ram
 Blind Ram

(6) Cementing programme

Cement is used for zonal isolation in the well. The effectiveness of this zonal isolation
depends on three main factors all of which must be considered at the planning stage.
(1) Slurry design
(2) Casing accessories selection
(3) Displacement methods

(7) Deviation programme:

Directional drilling has now become an essential element in oilfield development,
both onshore and offshore.

The application of directional drilling can be grouped into the following categories:-
(a) Side tracking
(b) Drilling to avoid geological problems
(c) Drilling beneath inaccessible locations
(d) Offshore development drilling,
(e) Horizontal drilling
(f) Relief well drilling.

5
Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

(8) Survey requirements

In order of increasing complication, the five different methods of survey are as
follows:
a. Totco instruments
b. Magnetic single shots
c. Magnetic multishots
d. Electronic multishots
e. Directional MWD

(a). Totco instruments: Totco instruments are typically available in 0-8 degree units & 0-90
degree units and are unaffected by hole temperature.

(b). Magnetic single shots: Magnetic single shots have magnetic compasses built into them.
in addition to the angle measuring units.It is sensitive to down hole temperature.

(c) Magnetic multishots: Magnetic multishots are similar in principle to the magnetic single
shot but with the additional ability to record magnetic inclination and direction on a film strip
at regular depth intervals.

(e) Electronic multishots: Electronic multishots measure survey data using triaxial
magnetometers which measure components of the earth's magnetic field and triaxial
accelerometers which measure components of the force of gravity.

(f) Directional MWD: Directional MWD in the form of drill collar, is a part of the BHA and
measures survey data while drilling. The sensors (magnometer and accelerators) used in these
tools are identical to the ones used in the electronic multishots.

(9 )Mud programme
 Type of mud
 Functions of mud
 Properties of mud

(10) Bit and hydraulics programme

Bit selection: To select a bit the following factors are considered:
a. Formation drillability and characteristics
b. Mud system in use
c. Directional implications
d. Availability
a. Formation drillability:
 Tricone bits for soft formations drill by gouging and scrapping action.
 Harder formations will be drilled by using diamond bits.

6
Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

(11) Evaluation requirements:

In this part of the programme, the evaluation requirements necessary to meet the well
objectives should be formatted as follows:
(1) Drilling log requirements
(2) Mud logging requirements
(3) Coring requirements
(4) MWD requirements
(5) Electric logging requirements
(6) Testing requirements

(12) Well cost estimation:

Preparing cost estimates for well is the final step in well planning.
Elements of well cost:
The cost of well is based on 8 main elements which are as follows:
(1) Preparatory: This includes the cost of land, approach road, rig foundation and all other
civil works.
(2) Manpower: This is the cost incurred on the drilling crew in form of salaries, allowances
and other payments.
(3) Services: This includes the cost on services namely geology, geophysics, cementing,
transport, workshop, production testing, catering, sea bed surveys etc.
(4) Materials: This covers the cost on casing pipes, bits, wellhead, cement, mud chemicals,
POL (Petroleum Oil Lubricants) and other consumable materials.
(5) Project overheads: The project overheads include all the other costs on drilling at the
project level which are incurred towards drilling except the cost of depreciation.
(6) Regional and Headquarter overheads: This includes the cost incurred at Regional and
Headquarter level towards drilling activity as apportioned for a given well.
(7) Depreciation of rig equipment: Depreciation is worked out on straight line method and
the cost is assigned to well in proportion to the rig days taken.
(8) Depreciation of drill pipes: This element of well cost is based on per meter depreciation
which is worked out centrally for different regions depth wise, based on the replacement cost
of the pipes during the preceding year.

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Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

Type of the Wells:

 Wild Cat - First well tried in the field without any knowledge of the geological
formations and nature of the fluid.
 Exploratory Wells - With the information obtained after drilling a Wild Cat, for
further exploration of the field by drilling more wells.
 Development Wells - Well drilled with fixed and known reservoir boundary.
 Re-Entry Wells - Drilled for the Correction of well profile
 OtherWells:
o Injection wells.
o Production wells.
o Vertical wells.
o Directional wells.
o Horizontal wells.
o Relief wells.
o Dead wells.

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Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

Drilling Programme For

Well

1. GENERAL DATA:
1.1 Location
1.2 Fields/Structure
1.3 Well Name
1.4 Well Type
1 .5 Location Data
1.6 Water Depth
1.7 Well Objectives
1.8 Target Tolerance
1.9 Total Depth
1.10 TD Criteria

2. DRILLING RIG DATA:

2.1 Rig Name
2.2 Rig Type
2.3 Derrick
2.4 Travelling Block
2.5 Rotary Table
2.6 Draw Works
2.7 Drum Size
2.8 Wire Rope
2.9 Pumps
2.10 BOP
2.10.1 Annular
2.10.2 Ram Type
2.11 BOP Control System
2.12 Solid Control Equipment
2.12.1 Shale Shaker
2.12.2 Desilter & Desander
2.13 Engines
2.14 Hydraulic Choke
2.15 Well Head

3. GEOLOGY
3.1 Geological Column
3.2 Formation Tops
Formation Depth(m) Error Bar(m)

4. WELL DATA
4.1 Pore Pressure Profile
Depth(m) Pore Pressure (kg/cm2)
4.2 Predicted Fracture Gradient Profile
Depth (m) Fracture Pressure (kg/cm2)
4.3 Temperature Gradient
4.4 Potential Hole Problems
Hole Sections
Section I
Section II
Section III
4.5 Formation Dip
4.6 Expected Hydrocarbon Shows

9
Er. Jagdish Gahlot
 Department of Petroleum Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur
II Year Diploma Petroleum Engineering 2020-21

5. DRILLING SPECIFICATIONS
5.1 Hole Sections
Hole/Casing Depth (m) Casing Setting
Size (inch) Depth Criteria

5.2 Casing Programme

Size Setting Depth Weight Grade
(inch) (m) (Kg/m)

5.3 Cementing Programme

Casing Top Lead/Tail Type Density(sg)

5.4 Drill String

5.5 Mud Programme
Hole Size Mud Type

5.6 Hydraulics Programme

5.7 Casing and Leak-off Testing
5.7.1 Casing Tests
5.7.2 Leak-off Tests
5.8 Survey Programme
5.9 Well Control
5.9.1. Well head
5.9.2. BOP Stack
5.9.3. BOP Drill
5.9.4. BOP Testing Procedure
5.9.4.1. Function Testing
5.9.4.2. Pressure Testing

6. BILL OF MATERIAL
6.1 Phase I
S.No. Material Description

6.2 Phase II
S.No. Material Description

6.3 Phase III

S.No. Material Description

7. FORMATION EVALUATION
7.1. Wireline Logging
7.1.1. Operational Logging Suite
7.1.2. Top Hole Logging Suite
7.1.3. Intermediate Logging Suite
7.1 .4. Final Logging Suite
7.1.5. Cased Hole Logs
7.2 Coring
7.3 Testing

8. SUSPENSION/ABANDONMENT

9. SAFETY REGULATIONS

10. WELL PROGRAMME TIMINGS

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Er. Jagdish Gahlot