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SQL Interview Questions 1720826611

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16 views

SQL Interview Questions 1720826611

Uploaded by

Brenda Badillo C
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ashish Sahu

@ashsau

SQL Interview Questions


Ashish Sahu
@ashsau

Q1. What is SQL?

SQL stands for Structured Query Language, used for managing


and manipulating relational databases.

Q2. What are the different types of SQL commands?

DDL (Data Definition Language),


DML (Data Manipulation Language),
DCL (Data Control Language),
TCL (Transaction Control Language).
Ashish Sahu
@ashsau

Q3. What is a primary key?

Function: A unique identifier for records in a table,


ensuring no duplicate values.

Q4. What is a foreign key?

Definition: A key used to link two tables, referencing the


primary key in another table.

Q5. What is a JOIN? Explain different types.

JOIN: Combines rows from two or more tables based on a


related column.

Types: INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN.


Ashish Sahu
@ashsau

Q6. What is normalization?

Purpose: Organizing database to reduce redundancy and


improve data integrity.

Q7. Explain ACID properties.

ACID: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability


– ensure reliable transactions.
Ashish Sahu
@ashsau

Q8. What is a subquery?

Definition: A query nested inside another query, used to


perform complex searches.

Q9. Difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?

WHERE: Filters rows before grouping.


HAVING: Filters groups after the grouping is done.

Q10. What is an index?

Use: A performance optimization feature that allows faster


retrieval of records.
Ashish Sahu
@ashsau

Q11. What is a view?

Definition: A virtual table based on the result of an SQL query.

Q12. What is a stored procedure?

Purpose: A precompiled collection of one or more SQL


statements for reuse.

Q13. Explain the difference between DELETE and


TRUNCATE.

DELETE: Removes specific rows, can be rolled back.


TRUNCATE: Removes all rows, cannot be rolled back.
Ashish Sahu
@ashsau

Q14. What is a trigger?

Function: A set of instructions that automatically executes in


response to certain events on a table.

Q15. Explain the difference between UNION and UNION


ALL.

UNION: Combines results of two queries and removes


duplicates.
UNION ALL: Combines results and includes duplicates.

1
1 2
1 2 3 2 No duplicate
2 3
3
Table A Table B
A UNION B

1
1 2 2 2
1 3 Duplicate
2 3 2 2
3
Table A Table B
A UNION ALL B

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