FIRST YEAR HIGHER SECONDARY SECOND TERMINAL EXAMINATION

DECEMBER 2024 – ANSWER KEY

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY Qn. Code: FY 125

Qn. Sub Scor Tot

Answer Key/Value Points
No. Qns e al
Answer any 4 questions from 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score
1. S2-
c) 1 1
2. b) F 1 1
3. sp2 1 1
4. i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1 1
5. F– (Fluoride ion) 1 1
Answer any 8 questions from 6 to 15. Each carries 2 scores
6. Law of multiple proportion. 1
It states that if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the
2
different masses of one of the elements that combine with a fixed mass of the other 1
element, are in small whole number ratio.
7. Here threshold frequency (ν0) = 7.0 x 1014 s-1 and
frequency of radiation (ν) = 1.0 x 1015 s-1
2
K.E of emitted electron = hν - hν0 = h(ν - ν0) 1
= 6.626 x 10-34(1.0 x 1015 - 7.0 x 1014) = 19.878 x 10-20 J 1
8. i) Modern periodic law states that the properties of elements are the periodic 1
functions of their atomic numbers. 2
ii) Unnilennium OR Meitnerium 1
9. σ Bond π Bond
It is formed by axial overlapping of It is formed by lateral overlapping of
atomic orbitals. atomic orbitals.
It is present both in single bonds and It is present only in multiple bonds.
in multiple bonds.
The extent of overlapping is greater. The extent of overlapping is lesser
compared to σ bond.
Sigma bonds have independent Pi bond is always present along with
2x1 2
existence. sigma bond.
Sigma bonds are stronger bonds. Pi bonds are weaker compared to
sigma bond.
Only one sigma bond is formed More than one pi bonds can be
between 2 atoms. formed between two atoms.
Sigma bonds are symmetrical about Pi bonds are not symmetrical about
the bond axis. the bond axis.
[Any 2 differences required]

+1 CHEMISTRY SECOND TERM EXAM 2024_ANSWER KEY_PREPARED BY ANIL KUMAR K L, PHSS VANDIPERIYAR, IDUKKI
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10. Inter molecular hydrogen bonding is the hydrogen bond formed by H atom of one
molecule and the electronegative atom of another molecule of the same or different 1
compound. 2
E.g. Hydrogen bonding in HF 1
….H-F …….. H-F ……… H-F …… H-F ……
OR, Any other example
11. A B
i) Adiabatic Process d) No transfer of heat
4x½
ii) Free expansion e) pext = 0 2
iii) ΔH = q b) At constant pressure
iv) Intensive property a) Specific heat capacity
12. Here Kc = 6.3 x 1014
1 1
For reverse reaction, Kc = 6.3 x 1014 2
= 1.58 x 10-15 1
13. Here [H+] 10-3
= 3.8 x
pH = -log[H+] 1 2
= -log (3.8 x 10-3) = 2.42 1
14. Oxidant = H2 1
2
Reductant = Na 1
15. It is a type of redox reaction in which an element in one oxidation state is 1
simultaneously oxidised and reduced.

In the reaction: 2
the oxygen in the reactant (H2O2) is in –1 oxidation state and it is increased to zero
oxidation state in O2 and decreased to –2 oxidation state in H2O. i.e. oxygen is 1
simultaneously oxidised and reduced. So it is a disproportionation reaction.
Answer any 8 questions from 16 to 26. Each carries 3 scores
16. 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)
i) No. of molecules of H2 = 2 x 6.022 x 1023 molecules ½
No. of molecules of O2 = 6.022 x 1023 molecules ½
ii) Number of moles of water formed = 2 mol, which contains 3
4 mol H atoms OR, 4 x 6.022 x 1023 H atoms ½
2 mol O atoms OR, 2 x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms ½
iii) 2 x 6.022 x 1023 molecules of water [If the reaction is completely occurred]. 1
17. It is the phenomenon of ejection of electrons by certain metals (like potassium,
rubidium, caesium etc.) when light of suitable frequency incident on them. 1
The important results observed in photoelectric effect are:
1. The electrons are ejected from the metal surface as soon as the beam of light
strikes the surface. i.e., there is no time lag between the striking of light beam 3
and the ejection of electrons from the metal surface.
2. The number of electrons ejected is proportional to the intensity or brightness of 2x1
light. =2

+1 CHEMISTRY SECOND TERM EXAM 2024_ANSWER KEY_PREPARED BY ANIL KUMAR K L, PHSS VANDIPERIYAR, IDUKKI
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 3. For each metal, there is a minimum frequency (known as threshold frequency
[ν0]) below which photoelectric effect is not observed.
4. The kinetic energy of the ejected electrons is directly proportional to the
frequency of the incident light. [Any 2 required]
18. i) Radius of nth orbit of H atom (rn) = 52.9 x n2 pm
The orbit number is not specified in the question.
If it is first orbit, n = 1
1
So, r1 = 52.9 pm
ii) Limitations of Bohr atom model are:
1. It could not explain the fine spectrum of hydrogen atom. 3
2. It could not explain the spectrum of atoms other than hydrogen. 2x1
3. It was unable to explain the splitting of spectral lines in the presence of =2
electric field (Stark effect) and in magnetic field (Zeeman effect).
4. It could not explain the ability of atoms to form molecules by chemical bonds.
5. It did not consider the wave character of matter and Heisenberg’s uncertainty
principle. [Any 2 required]
19. It is the enthalpy change when an electron is added to the outer most shell of an 1
isolated gaseous atom.
Sulphur has more negative electron gain enthalpy than oxygen. 3
1
This is due to the smaller size and greater electron – electron repulsion in oxygen.
OR, In oxygen, the incoming electron is added to the smaller 2nd shell, but in S, it is 1
added to the larger 3rd shell. So electronic repulsion is less in S and hence it readily
adds electron. Thus electron gain enthalpy of S is more negative than that of fluorine.
20. Lewis structure of O3 is:
2

Lewis structure with formal charges is: 3

21. M.O configuration of N2 is = σ1s2 σ*1s2 σ2s2 σ*2s2 π2px2 π2py2 σ2pz2 1
Bond order = ½ [Nb – Na] ½
= ½ [10 – 4] = ½ x 6 = 3 ½ 3
Due to the presence of only paired electrons, N2 is diamagnetic. 1
22. i) It states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.
OR, the total energy in the universe is always a constant. 1
OR, the total energy of an isolated system is always a constant.

+1 CHEMISTRY SECOND TERM EXAM 2024_ANSWER KEY_PREPARED BY ANIL KUMAR K L, PHSS VANDIPERIYAR, IDUKKI
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 ii) From the mathematical form of first law, ΔU = q + w
Here q = 0 and w is +ve, since work is done on the system. 3
So, ΔU = w 1
The system has adiabatic wall. 1
23. The required equation is: C(graphite) + 2H2(g) + ½ O2(g) CH3OH(l) 1
The given data are:
CH3OH(l) + 3⁄2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l); ∆rH0 = -726 kJ/mol …………………… (1)
C (graphite) + O2(g) CO2(g); ∆rH0 = -393 kJ/mol …………………….. (2)
H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(l); ∆rH0 = -286 kJ/mol ……………………... (3)
On reversing equation (1), we get
CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) CH3OH(l) + 3⁄2 O2(g); ∆rH0 = 726 kJ/mol ………………. (4)
On multiplying eqn. (3) by 2, we get
3
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l); ∆rH0 = -2 x 286 = -572 kJ/mol ……………………... (5) 1
Now add equations (2) + (4) + (5) and simplify. Then we get,
C(graphite) + 2H2(g) + ½ O2(g) CH3OH(l), ∆rH0 = -393 + 726 + -572 = -239 kJ/mol 1
24. i) a) Entropy is the degree of disorderness or randomness of a system. 1
b) Free energy or Gibb’s energy is the maximum amount of available energy that 1
can be converted to useful work. OR, G = H – TS 3
ii) a) ∆S > 0, ∆G < 0 1
25. i) The applications of equilibrium constant are:
1. Prediction of the extent of a reaction.
2. Prediction of the direction of a reaction. 2x1
3. Calculation of equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products. =2 3
[Any 2 Required]
ii) Kp = Kc(RT)∆n 1
26. Solution which resists the change in pH on dilution or with the addition of small 1
amount of acid or alkali is called Buffer solution.
There are two types of buffer solutions – acidic buffer and basic buffer.
Acidic buffer is a mixture of a weak acid and its salt with a strong base. ½ 3
E.g. a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate. ½
Basic buffer is a mixture of a weak base and its salt with a strong acid. ½
E.g. a mixture of NH4OH and NH4Cl. ½
Answer any 4 questions from 27 to 31. Each carries 4 scores
27. i) Molarity Molality
It is the no. of moles of solute present in It is the no. of moles of solute present in
1 litre of the solution. 1 kg of the solvent. 2
It is temperature dependent. It is temperature independent.
Unit of molarity is mol L or, Molar (M) Unit of molality is mol kg-1 or, molal (m)
-1
4
[Any one difference required]
ii) The dilution equation is: M1V1 = M2V2 1
Here M1 = 1 M, V1 = ?, M2 = 0.2M and V2 = 1L = 1000 mL
So, 1 x V1 = 0.2 x 1000 1
OR, V1 = 200 mL

+1 CHEMISTRY SECOND TERM EXAM 2024_ANSWER KEY_PREPARED BY ANIL KUMAR K L, PHSS VANDIPERIYAR, IDUKKI
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28. There are 4 quantum numbers:
1. Principal Quantum Number (n): It gives the size the orbit, the energy of electron in
an orbit, the shell in which the electron is found and the average distance between 1
the electron and the nucleus.
The possible values of n are 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.
2. Azimuthal Quantum Number (Ɩ): It gives the shape of the orbital, the sub shell in
which the electron is located and the orbital angular momentum of the electron. 1
The possible values of Ɩ are : Ɩ = 0, 1, 2, .......... (n-1). 4
3. Magnetic Quantum Number (m or mƖ): It gives the orientation of orbitals in space.
The values of m are – Ɩ to 0 to + Ɩ. For a given ‘Ɩ’ value, there are 2Ɩ+1 possible values 1
for m.
4. Spin Quantum Number (s or ms): It gives the spin orientation of electrons. The 1
values for s may be +½ or -½. +½ represents clock-wise spin and-½ represents
anticlock-wise spin.
29. i) a) All of them contain same number of electrons OR, they are isoelectronic 1
species.
b) Increasing order of ionic radii is: Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2- < N3- 1 4
ii) Down a group ionisation enthalpy decreases due to increase in atomic size and 2
shielding or screening effect.
30. No. of bond No. of lone Shape of
Molecule Bond angle
pairs pairs molecule
H2O 2 2 v-shape 104.50 4
CH4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109028| 8x½
Pyramidal OR =4
NH3 3 1 Trigonal 1070
pyramidal
31. i) Le Chatelier’s principle states that whenever there is a change in concentration,
pressure or temperature of a system at equilibrium, the system will try to readjust in 1
such a way so as to cancel the effect of that change.
ii) N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ; ΔH = – 92.38 kJ mol-1
i) Concentration: Increase the concentration of reactants (N2 or H2 or both) 1 4
increases the rate of forward reaction.
ii) Temperature: Since the forward reaction is exothermic, low temperature favours 1
it.
iii) Pressure: Here the forward reaction results in the decrease in no. of moles of 1
gaseous species. So high pressure favours it.

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+1 CHEMISTRY SECOND TERM EXAM 2024_ANSWER KEY_PREPARED BY ANIL KUMAR K L, PHSS VANDIPERIYAR, IDUKKI
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