HENRY VI
1485-1509
Son of Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor
DOMESTIC POLICY
Consolidation of power, Government, economy, finance, sucession
CONSOLIDATION OF HENRY'S REIGN
• Date of reign • Can accuse those fought on R3's side of
treason (Acts of Attainders)
• Gaining favor of the public by showing
• Coronation 3
them God has recognized him as King
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• Legally recognizing him as King
• First Parliament (7th Nov 1485)
• Union of Yorkists and Lancastrians
• Marriage to Elizabeth of York
• Tudor rose lets everyone know the two
• Propaganda rival houses are unified and gains support
CONTROL OVER NOBILITY
• Carrots • Sticks
Patronage (meritocracy) as a result of good Acts of Attainders (reversible by good and loyal
and loyal service = Jasper Tudor = Duke of service) 138 passed and 46 were reversed
Bedford, Giles Daubeney = Lord Daubeney, Acts against illegal retaining = Lord Burgaveny 4
Earl of Oxford got land in East Anglia fined £70,550 in 1506
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Order of the Garter (only for kings' closest Bonds and Recognizances (written
servants) = 37 Knights of the Garter (Oxford, agreements of debt) = Marquis of Dorset
Daubeney, Bray) was effective as it gave proved loyal and had bonds reversed + during
prestige and not power or land h7's reign 36 out of 62 families gave bonds
Kings' Council (sign of king's confidence) = and recognizances to him
keeper of the privy seal (Richard Fox) + 5 key
councillor’s (Bray, Daubeney, Lovell)
CROWN'S FINANCE
• Ordinary revenue • Extraordinary revenue
o Crown lands = ring income increased from £12,000 to £42,000, o Parliament taxation = H7 received £400,000 as extraordinary
(1486) Act of Resumption, increased land by 200% taxation
o Custom duties = import and export duties on tunnage and o French pension = Treaty of Etaples in 1492 resulted in France
poundage, twice updated Book of Rates, small increase from paying £159,000
£33,000 to £40,000 5
o Clerical dues = £6,000 was collected pa for dead bishops
o Profits of justice = Northumberland fined £10,000 for ravishing a
Loans and benevolences = £203,000 loans borrowed (1509),
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o
child, varied from year to year, (1507) Lord Burgavenny was fined
£100,000 for livery for his land benevolences - (1491) H7 raised £48,000 to fund invasion of France
o Feudal dues = (1487) £350 pa, (1494) £1,500 pa, (1506) £6,000 o Bonds and recognisances = (1491) Marquis of Dorset signed bonds
pa, (1502) Robert Willoughby de Broke paid £4000 for livery of his of £10,000 as promise of good behaviour
lands, Duchess of Buckingham fined £7000 for marriage without a
license in 1496, Duke of Buckingham fined £7,000 for entering his
inheritance before he was 21.
T H R E AT S
All taken care of by HVII and all helped consolidate his position further except
the last one he felt insecure with his authority
LOVELL • Henry VII's first major challenge
REBELLION to his authority
Year: 1486 • There is little support for a
Leader: Lovell + Thomas and
Yorkist rising
Humphrey Stafford brothers
• Supporters: (domestic) Earl of Lincoln
[killed] and Elizabeth Woodville,
(foreign) Margaret of Burgundy, Holy
Roman Emperor Maxmillian, and Earl
LAMBERT of Kildare
SIMNEL • Effectively ended the last battle of
8
Wars and Roses as Elizabeth of York
Year: 1486-1487
was crowned Queen because of this
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Impersonated Individual: Earl of
rebellion
Warwick
• H7's position became more safer but
not completely secure
• 28 families were attained
• Started as result of resentment
due to taxation granted to fund
involvement in Brittany.
YORKSHIRE • Earl of Northumberland murdered
REBELLION by Yorkist Rebels.
9
Year: 1489 • Earl of Surrey (song of Duke of
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Leaders: Yorkist Rebels Norfolk, was once attained) was
left in charge of the North
• Not allowed to raise tax there
again
• Supporters: (domestic) Sir William Stanley, (foreign)
Margaret of Burgundy, King James IV of Scotland, Holy
Roman Emperor, John Taylor and Earl of Desmond
Resulted in treaty with France (Treaty of Etaples), truce with
PERKIN •
Scotland (Truce of Ayton) and reinstated trade with
Burgundy (Intercursus Magnus)
WARBECK
• William Stanley being involved in this rebellion could show 10
how vulnerable H7's position is in his household as Stanley
Year: 1491-1499 was Lord Chamberlain
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Impersonated individual: Richard, • Strengthened HVII's claim to the throne even more,
Duke of York consolidating his authority as king
• Major consequence was Spain refused to marry off CoA
unless Perkin Warbeck was dealt with = dynastical issues
• Henry's demand for money
CORNISH
again but in this case to fund
REBELLION
expenditure to Scotland 11
Year: 1997
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• Resulted in HVII being more
inclined to use diplomacy
• Supporters: Holy Roman Emperor, Phillip
of Burgundy, William and Richard de la
Pole
• Resulted in rocky relations with
WHITE ROSE OF Burgundy through trade ban in 1505 and
SUFFOLK (Intercursus Malus)
12
• HVII doesn’t feel secure due to the death
Year: 1499-1506
of his wife and eldest son and spent a lot
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Individual: Edmund de la Pole, Earl of money on Maximilian and Burgandy
of Suffolk
• Effectively eliminated all remaining
Executed in 1513
threats
• 51 families attained
FOREIGN POLICY
H7's main aim in foreign policy was to improve England's reputation
overseas and secure the Tudor dynasty through the Medina Del Campo with
Spain due to him wanting other countries to recognize him as King of England
despite being an ursper, receiving international recognition.
• 1496 – intercursus magnus, h7 returned control of ireland to irish nobles
• 1497 – truce of ayton
• 1498 -
• 1499 –
• 1500 -
• 1501 – marriage of Arthur and catherine
• 1502 – arthur dies after being married for 3 months, truce of perpectual peace
• 1503 -
• 1504 -
• 1505 -
• 1506 – treaty of windsor , intercursus malus
• 1507 -
• 1508 – league of cambrai = england isolated from europe
• 1509 -
Navigation Act - Forbade English goods
1485 being transported by non-English ships.
1489
1492
1485 Treaty of Medina Del Campo – Spain recognized
Henry VII as King + marriage alliance + secured his
dynastical aims = created a stable diplomatic
environment
1489 Treaty of Redon – agreement between Britanny and
England which ended up failing as Anne got married
to Charles VIII and Britanny got taken away by
France.
1492
Navigation Act
1493
1485
1489
Treaty of Etaples – end to the Hundred
1492 Years War with France, despite being long
term enemies, he valued crown security
1493
1496
1489
1492
Trade embargo on Burgundy – massive risk on
1493 trade to force Warbeck out
1496
1497
1492
1493
Intercursus Magnus – free trade deal with
burgundy except Flaunders and to stop
1496 burgundy from supporting Perkin
Warbeck
Henry VIII returned control of Ireland to
Irish nobles
1497
1501
1493
1496
1497
Truce of Ayton – Scotland agreed in stopping
supporting Warbeck and was turned into a
peace treaty
1501
1502
1496
1497
Marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of
1501 Aragon
1502
1506
1497
1501
Treaty of Perpetual Peace – James and
Margaret got married in 1503 and therefore
1502 the truce got extended
Arthur died after being married to CoA for 3
months
1506
1501
1502
Intercursus Malus
1506 Highly beneficial to England and burgundy
had agreed to give white rose of suffolk on the
ground that England does not harm him.
