GENERAL

OPERATIONS
MANUAL Yankee Air Force, Inc. d/b/a Yankee Air Museum
is a tax exempt organization under section 501 (C)
(3) of the Internal Revenue Code

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

This General Operations Manual has been written for use by all YAF aircrew and
maintenance crewmembers in the course of their duties of maintaining, and operating
YAF aircraft.

All YAF members engaged in flight and maintenance operations are required to be
familiar with this manual and will comply with its contents. The Director of Flight
Operations will ensure that a copy of this manual is kept aboard all YAF aircraft. All
YAF crew members are expected to maintain this manual in an up to date status. The
manual will also be posted to the flight operations web page.
https://sites.google.com/yankeeairmuseum.org/flightops

A copy of this manual, including all changes and updates, has been furnished to and has
been coordinated with the East Michigan FSDO.

This manual is applicable to all flight operations including sightseeing LOAs and Living
History Flight Experience (LHFE) flights. Conflicts with existing policies or regulations
or suggestions for improvement are to be brought to the attention of the Director of Flight
Operations.

Jon Rule Kevin Walsh

Director, Flight Operations President/CEO/Executive Director
Yankee Air Force Yankee Air Force

This document is the property of the Yankee Air Force and may not be distributed or reproduced without written permission.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 0.1.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 REVISION ISSUE PAGE

REVISION ISSUE PAGE

REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021

• 0.1.1-A new Revision Issue Page, listing the update revision number and date is
provided.
• 0.2.1-Revised “Revision Record” is provided
• 0.4.1-A revised “List of Effective Pages” is provided

CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

• 1.5.4-Clarified language under “Qualifications: Chief Pilot/Rotorcraft”
• 1.5.5-Added “Check Pilots”
• 1.5.6-Changed “POI” to “PMI”
• 1.5.6-Added requirement for DM to approve and/or purchase all aircraft parts
• 1.5.7-Clarified “Cabin Crew” language
• 1.5.7-Added requirement for Crew Chief to possess an FAA A&P
• 1.5.9-Clarified emergency exit language
• 1.5.10-Deleted reference to SIC on UH-1H as it is a single pilot aircraft
• 1.5.11-Added “Event/” to Flight Coordinator title

CHAPTER 5: OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF YANKEE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT

• Entire chapter rewritten to clarify and define Operational Control

CHAPTER 10: AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION

• 10.10.1-Clarified language for “Recording Deficiencies”
• 10.25.1-Clarified language for “Weight and Balance Procedures”
• 10.35.1-Clarified language for restrictions to refueling during lightning and
thunderstorms
• 10.35.2-Added section on “Fuel and Oil Minimums” for each aircraft

CHAPTER 20: PASSENGER RULES AND REGULATIONS

• 20.5.2-Corrected ceiling height AGL
• 20.10.1-Included UH-1H specific language for passenger briefing
• 20.10.1-Included language pertaining to passenger escorts
• 20.10.1-Clarified language as to who can give the passenger briefing
• 20.10.1-Refers to returning to seats in fixed wing aircraft, not UH-1H
• 20.10.2-Clarified language pertaining to required minimum child size for rides
• 20.10.5-Added reference to “during passenger flights.”
• 20.35.1-Spelled out “Flight Incident Report”

CHAPTER 30: EMERGENCY EVACUATION

• 30.5.2-Clarified language to include operation of emergency exits

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 0.1.2
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 REVISION ISSUE PAGE

CHAPTER 40: STANDARDIZATION OF OPERATIONS

• 40.10.1-Clarified title language to include “Approved” Checklists
• 40.15.1-Retitled “Air Show Restrictions” to “Air Show Requirements/Restrictions”
• 40.15.1-Clarified language on attendees for air show briefings

CHAPTER 50: ACCIDENTS, INJURIES, NOTIFICATIONS

• 50.5.2-Removed reference to “Outreach Coordinator”
• 50.15.1-Spelled out “Flight Incident Report” and “Hazard Incident Report” for Reporting
• 50.25.1-Spelled out “Flight Incident Report” and “Hazard Incident Report” for Pilot
Deviation Notifications
• 50.30.1-Removed language pertaining to B-17, B-25 and UH-1H pertaining to LHFE
exemption

CHAPTER 80: APPENDICIES

• 80.2.2-APPENDIX #2: Removed language pertaining to use of multiengine CFI to
accomplish flight checks
• 80.4.1-APPENDIX #4: Added Huey PIC and SIC requirements
• 80.4.2 to 80.4.8-Removed training requirements for fixed wing and UH-1H aircraft.
These will instead be listed in the Training Manual
• 80.4.2-Removed all SIC references pertaining to UH-1H aircraft.

CHAPTER 90: ATTACHMENTS

• 90.1.8 – ATTACHMENT 100F-UH-1H Cabin Crew Training Record

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 0.2.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 REVISION RECORD

Record of Revisions
REVISION
NUMBER DATE OF REVISION BY

ORIGINAL JANUARY 1, 2021 GLB

1 OCTOBER 1, 2021 GLB

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 0.2.2
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 REVISION RECORD

Record of Revisions
REVISION
NUMBER DATE OF REVISION BY

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 0.3.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 MASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS
Master Table of Contents

Revision Issue Page…………………………………………………………………... 0.1.1

Revision Record……………………………………………………………………… 0.2.1
Master Table of Contents…………………………………….………………………. 0.3.1
List of Effective Pages………………………………………….……………………. 0.4.1

1 – Organizational Structure and Job Descriptions

Organizational Structure and Job Descriptions.………….................…………………1.5.2

Duties and Responsibilities and Job Qualifications:
- Board of Directors………………………………………………………………... 1.5.2
- President/CEO/Executive Director……….……………………………….……. 1.5.2
- Director of Flight Operations……………………………………………………. 1.5.3
- Assistant Director of Flight Operations…………………………………………. 1.5.3
- Chief Pilots/Instructor Pilots/Instructors
o Qualifications, Chief Pilot/Fixed Wing…………………………………. 1.5.3
o Qualifications, Chief Pilot/ Rotorcraft……………………….………….. 1.5.4
o Instructor Pilots/Instructors/Check Pilots …………….……….………….1.5.5
- Director of Maintenance………………………………………………………. …1.5.6
- Lead Mechanic…………………………………………………………………… 1.5.7
- Crew Chief (B-17, B-25, C-47, Ford Trimotor and UH-1H) …………….……… 1.5.7
- Cabin Crew……………………………………………………………………. ….1.5.7
- Ramp Crew……………………………………………………………………. ….1.5.7
- Safety Officer…………………………………………………………………. ….1.5.8
- Pilot in Command (PIC)………………………………………………………. ….1.5.9
- Second in Command (SIC)……………………………………………………....1.5.10
- Event/Flight Coordinator……………………………………………………..... ..1.5.11

5 – Operational Control of YAF Aircraft

Yankee Air Museum Operational Control………………………..….….…………. 5.5.2

Initiating/Scheduling Flights……………………………….…………………..….. 5.5.3
Flight Following…………………………………………………………………… 5.5.4
Safety Management System………………………………………………..………. 5.10.1
Training…………………………………………………………………….……… 5.15.1

10 – Airworthiness Information

Maintenance Checks………………………………………………………………. 10.5.2

Recording Deficiencies…………………...…………………….………………… 10.10.1
Maintenance Away from Willow Run…………………....……...…….…………. 10.20.1
Weight and Balance Procedures…………………………...……………………… 10.25.1
Passenger Manifest/Releases and Crew Lists……………………...……………… 10.30.1

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 0.3.2
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 MASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS

Aircraft Fueling Procedures……………………………...…...……….…………. 10.35.1

Fuel & Oil Minimums……………………………………………………………. 10.35.2

20 – Passenger Rules and Regulations

Passenger Flight Rules and Restrictions…………………………………………… 20.5.2

Passenger Briefings…………………………………...……….…….………….… 20.10.1
General Briefings All Aircraft………………………………………………….…. 20.10.1
C-47 Specific Rules and Briefings………………….………………………….…. 20.10.2
Ford Trimotor Specific Rules and Briefings………………………………………. 20.10.3
UH-1H Specific Rules and Briefings………………………………………………. 20.10.5
B-17/B-25 Specific Rules and Briefings…………………………………………... 20.10.5
Abnormal Passenger Situations (Injury, illness, fear, etc.) …………….…………. 20.15.1
Sabotage…………………………………………….……….…...….……………. 20.20.1
Bomb Threats Procedures……….…………….………….……….……………. 20.25.1
Hijacking Procedures…………….…………………………….…….…………… 20.30.1
PIC/SIC Illness or Incapacitation….…………………….……….…………….…. 20.35.1

30 – Emergency Evacuation

Emergency Evacuation Procedures …….…………………...…………………..…. 30.5.2

40 – Standardization of Operations

Cockpit Resource Management…………………………………….…………. …… 40.5.2

Use of Checklists………………………………………….…….…....…………… 40.10.1
Air Show Requirements/Restrictions……………….………………….……….…. 40.15.1

50 – Accidents, Injuries, Notifications

Aircraft Accidents and/or Injuries……………………………….……….………….50.5.2

Immediate Action Response to Serious Accidents/Injuries…………….…….…… 50.10.1
Reporting……………………………………………………………….….…….… 50.15.1
FAA-NTSB Accident Reporting Requirements…………………….…………..…. 50.20.1
Pilot Deviation Notification………………………………………….…….…….… 50.25.1
LHFE Mandatory East Michigan FSDO Notification of Aircraft Malfunctions….. 50.30.1

80 – Appendices

Formation Flight Briefing Checklist………………………………….……………. 80.1.2

C-47 Sightseeing Program Requirements……………………………….…………. 80.2.1
Ford Trimotor Sightseeing Program Requirements………………………………... 80.3.1
Living History Pilot Certification and Flight Experience (LHFE) Qualifications
(B-25, B-17, UH-1H)……..………………………………………………….…...… 80.4.1

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 0.3.3
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 MASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS

90 -Attachments

FAA Form 8410-1 61-58 Airman Proficiency/Qualification Check Form………... 90.1.2

Airman VFR Check - Airplane Form……………………………………….……... 90.1.3
Airman VFR Check – Helicopter Form……………………………………….…… 90.1.4
B-17 Cabin Crew Training Record…….………………………...….……………... 90.1.5
B-25 Cabin Crew Training Record……...…………………………..……………... 90.1.6
C-47 Cabin Crew Training Record……...….………………….…………………... 90.1.7
UH-1 Cabin Crew Training Record…….…..…………………. …..……………... 90.1.8
Ford Trimotor Cabin Crew Training Record………………….…………………… 90.1.9
YAF Flight Risk Self-Assessment Pilot Checklist………………………...……… 90.1.10
Flight Incident Report (FIR)………………………………………………………. 90.1.11
Hangar Incident Report (HIR)…………………………………………………….. 90.1.13

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 0.4.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

List of Effective Pages

Title Page 1.5.3 5.10.1 20.10.1 40.5.2
Original Organizational Structure Operational Control Passenger Rules and Standardization of
and Job Descriptions of YAF Airplanes Regulations Operations
Original Original Revision 1 Original
Explanation Letter 1.5.4 5.15.1 20.10.2 40.10.1
Original Organizational Structure Operational Control Passenger Rules and Standardization of
and Job Descriptions of YAF Airplanes Regulations Operations
Revision 1 Original Revision 1 Revision 1
0.1.1 1.5.5 5.15.2 20.10.3 40.15.1
Revision Issue Page Organizational Structure Removed Passenger Rules and Standardization of
Revision 1 and Job Descriptions Regulations Operations
Revision 1 Original Revision 1
0.1.2 1.5.6 10.5.1 20.10.4 50.5.1
Revision Issue Page Organizational Structure Airworthiness Passenger Rules and Accidents, Injuries,
Revision 1 and Job Descriptions Information Regulations Notifications
Revision 1 Original Original Original
0.2.1 1.5.7 10.5.2 20.10.5 50.5.2
Revision Record Organizational Structure Airworthiness Passenger Rules and Accidents, Injuries,
Revision 1 and Job Descriptions Information Regulations Notifications
Revision 1 Original Revision 1 Revision 1
0.2.2 1.5.8 10.10.1 20.15.1 50.10.1
Revision Record Organizational Structure Airworthiness Passenger Rules and Accidents, Injuries,
Original and Job Descriptions Information Regulations Notifications
Original Revision 1 Original Original
0.3.1 1.5.9 10.20.1 20.20.1 50.15.1
Master TOC Organizational Structure Airworthiness Passenger Rules and Accidents, Injuries,
Revision 1 and Job Descriptions Information Regulations Notifications
Revision 1 Original Original Revision 1
0.3.2 1.5.10 10.25.1 20.25.1 50.20.1
Master TOC Organizational Structure Airworthiness Passenger Rules and Accidents, Injuries,
Revision 1 and Job Descriptions Information Regulations Notifications
Revision 1 Revision 1 Original Original
0.3.3 1.5.11 10.30.1 20.30.1 50.25.1
Master TOC Organizational Structure Airworthiness Passenger Rules and Accidents, Injuries,
Revision 1 and Job Descriptions Information Regulations Notifications
Original Original Original Revision 1
0.4.1 5.5.1 10.35.1 20.35.1 50.30.1
List of Effective Operational Control of Airworthiness Passenger Rules and Accidents, Injuries,
Pages YAF Airplanes Information Regulations Notifications
Revision 1 Original Revision 1 Revision 1 Revision 1
0.4.2 5.5.2 10.35.2 30.5.1 80.1.1
List of Effective Operational Control of Airworthiness Emergency Evacuation Appendices
Pages YAF Airplanes Information Original Original
Revision 1 Revision 1 Revision 1
1.5.1 5.5.3 20.5.1 30.5.2 80.1.2
Organizational Operational Control of Passenger Rules and Emergency Evacuation Appendices
Structure and Job YAF Airplanes Regulations Revision 1 Original
Descriptions Revision 1 Original
Original
1.5.2 5.5.4 20.5.2 40.5.1 80.2.1
Organizational Operational Control of Passenger Rules and Standardization of Appendices
Structure and Job YAF Airplanes Regulations Operations Original
Descriptions Revision 1 Revision 1 Original
Original

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 0.4.2
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

List of Effective Pages

80.2.2 80.4.8 90.1.9
Appendices Removed Attachments
Revision 1 Original
80.3.1 90.1.1 90.1.10
Appendices Attachments Attachments
Original Original Original
80.4.1 90.1.2 90.1.11
Appendices Attachments Attachments
Revision 1 Original Original
80.4.2 90.1.3 90.1.12
Appendices Attachments Attachments
Revision 1 Original Original
80.4.3 90.1.4 90.1.13
Appendices Attachments Attachments
Revision 1 Original Original
80.4.4 90.1.5 90.1.14
Removed Attachments Attachments
Original Original
80.4.5 90.1.6
Removed Attachments
Original
80.4.6 90.1.7
Removed Attachments
Original
80.4.7 90.1.8
Removed Attachments
Revision 1

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.1
Original
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
JANUARY 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Organizational Structure
And
Job Descriptions

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.2
Original
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
JANUARY 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Yankee Air Force Organizational Structure and Job Descriptions

• Chairman of the Board of Directors – Ray Hunter

• Executive Director – Kevin Walsh (Paid Position)
• Director of Flight Operations – Jon Rule
• Assistant Director of Flight Operations – Ray Hunter
• B-17 Chief Pilot – Gene Wedekemper, B-17 PPE, A&P, IA
• B-25 Chief Pilot – Bill Clark, B-25 DPE, C-47 DPE
• C-47 Chief Pilot – Grant Schwartz, A&P
• Trimotor Chief Pilot – Cody Welch
• UH-1H Chief Pilot – Jim Wise
• Director of Maintenance – Paul Hakala A&P, IA (Paid Position)
• Lead Mechanic – Paul Hakala A&P, IA (Paid Position)
• Assistant Lead Mechanic – Angel Estrada A&P (Paid Position)
• Crew Chiefs
• Cabin Crew
• Safety Officer – Randy Hotton, C-47 PPE
• Pilot in Command
• Second in Command
• Flight Coordinator

Duties and Responsibilities and Job Qualifications.

The duties, qualifications, and responsibilities of the following YAF positions are as
follows:

Board of Directors

• “The board is responsible for overall policy and direction of the corporation. The
board delegates responsibility of day-to-day operations to the
President/CEO/Executive Director and committees.” (YAF By-Laws)
• Provides resources necessary for operation of the museum and its departments.

President/CEO/Executive Director - Qualifications: As determined by the Board of

Directors

• Carries out the day-to-day activities of the Yankee Air Force.

• Supervises paid staff and volunteers.
• Oversees activities of the Flight Operations Department.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.3
Original
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
JANUARY 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Director of Flight Operations

Qualifications: Must hold an airline transport pilot certificate and must be typed in at least one
aircraft being operated by the Yankee Air Force and have at least six (6) years’ experience as
pilot in command of an aircraft operated under 14 CFR Part 121, Part 135, Part 91 or comparable
military experience. Must have served as a Yankee Air Force pilot for at least five years.

• Reports to the President/CEO/Executive Director.

• Designates and supervises all chief pilots.
• Interviews pilot applicants and coordinates initial training of newly appointed
pilots to assure complete and total understanding of duties and responsibilities.
• Maintains email communications network and FLTOPS web site.
• Prescribes and coordinates ground and flight training requirements.
• Participates and assists in instruction during annual ground schools for all aircraft.
• Oversees scheduling of air crews for airshow flying and for proficiency training
flights to ensure currency and equitable distribution of flying time.
• Maintains complete and current flight records on all pilots.
• Recommends improvements in equipment and procedures.
• Prescribes and assists in development of aircraft checklists.
• Provide oversight of the LHFE and LOA programs and their compliance.
• Ensures that all flight operations are conducted safely and in compliance with all
Federal Aviation Regulations, the General Operations Manual, and YAF policies.
• Responsible for upkeep and distribution of this General Operations Manual.
• Acts as point of contact with East Michigan FSDO. Informs local FSDO of all
training, check rides, and ground instruction.
• Coordinates all activities with the Director of Maintenance.

Assistant Director of Flight Operations.

Qualifications: Same as Director of Flight Operations

• Assists the DFO and acts in the absence of the DFO.

Chief Pilots/Instructor Pilots/Instructors

Qualifications, Chief Pilot/Fixed Wing: Must hold an Airline Transport Pilot certificate and
must be typed in the aircraft and acts as PIC in the aircraft assigned

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.4
REVISION 1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Qualifications, Chief Pilot/Rotorcraft: Commercial pilot with Rotorcraft-Helicopter Rating

with previous experience in aviation management as a chief pilot, director of operations,
instructor, or line check airman, or comparable military experience. He may be designated as an
FAA Check Airman.

Each Chief Pilot for each YAF aircraft will report to the Director of Flight Operations or the
Assistant Director of Flight Operations. Each will:

• Establish a communications network with pilots. Crew Chiefs and Cabin Crew.
• Develop and assist in teaching annual aircraft specific ground refresher training.
• Set initial and ongoing pilot qualifications and assist in selection of new pilots.
• Establish and monitor current pilot qualifications.
• Monitor LHFE and LOA ride programs, (B-17, B-25, C-47, UH-1H, Trimotor) to
include pilot training/currency, exemption status, and FAA notification.
• Assist DFO in maintenance of pilot records, track pilot flight time and currency.
• Coordinate flying schedule with Director of Maintenance.
• Supervise flight crew personnel and select flight and ground instructors.
• Conduct or supervise all training activities of flight crew personnel.
• Advise the Director of Flight Operations regarding the training of flight crew
personnel.
• Assist the Director of Flight Operations in formulating operations policies,
coordinates those policies, and coordinates operations and training.
• Ensure that all aircraft are properly equipped for applicable operations.
• Disseminate information to all crewmembers pertaining to YAF policies and
regulations.
• Maintain proficiency as Pilot-in-Command.
• Schedule flight crewmembers, including assigning Pilot-in-Command duties.
• Submit all reports regarding flight personnel to the Director of Flight Operations.
• Ensure that all flight crew personnel are certified and supervised according to the
requirements specified in the Federal Aviation Regulation.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.5
REVISION 1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Instructor Pilots/Instructors/Check Pilots

Fixed Wing Instructor Pilots: Must hold an Airline Transport Pilot certificate and must be
typed the aircraft in which instruction will be administered. IPs must be current Certified Flight
Instructors, holding appropriate FAA Instructor Certificates.

Rotorcraft Flight Instructors: Commercial pilot with Rotorcraft-Helicopter Rating and current
Certified Flight Instructor-Helicopter and Instrument, holding appropriate FAA Instructor
Certificates with previous experience as a rotary-wing instructor.

Instructors: Must be experienced in a classroom setting or have previous comparable military

experience.

• Report to the Chief Pilots, duties as required.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.6
REVISION 1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Director of Maintenance
Qualifications. Must hold an Airframe and Powerplant certificate with Inspection Authorization.
Requires four years’ experience maintaining Yankee Air Force aircraft or comparable military
experience.

• Reports to the President/CEO/Executive Director.

• Is responsible for all maintenance and inspection personnel.
• Ensures that YAF aircraft are maintained in an airworthy condition.
• Ensures that all inspections, repairs, and component changes are accomplished in
accordance with manufacturers or FAA approved procedures.
• Ensures compliance with maintenance procedures, airworthiness directives,
service bulletins, service letters, and applicable Federal Aviation Regulations.
• Establishes training programs for the maintenance program
• Ensures all maintenance technicians are trained and current on the types of
aircraft for which approved.
• Ensures that all maintenance technicians are supervised according to the
requirements specified in the Federal Aviation Regulations.
• Coordinates with maintenance contracting agencies when maintenance activities
are being performed on company aircraft.
• Provides the Director of Flight Operations with the current airworthiness status of
the aircraft and the forecast down times to facilitate maintenance scheduling and
insure timely deferral or correction of aircraft discrepancies.
• Maintains a close liaison with manufacturer's representatives, parts supply houses,
repair facilities and the FAA.
• Makes available to maintenance personnel the necessary overhaul manuals,
service bulletins, service letters, airworthiness directives, applicable sections of
this manual, and any other required technical data.
• Maintains all necessary work records and logbooks, including certification in the
aircraft permanent maintenance records that the aircraft is approved for return to
service.
• Maintains the weight and balance records for all aircraft.
• Maintains and coordinates Approved Inspection Programs with East Michigan
FSDO and acts as liaison with EM FSDO Maintenance PMI.
• Responsible for approval of and purchaser of all require aircraft parts.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.7
REVISION 1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Lead Mechanic

• Reports to the Director of Maintenance.

• Supervises the activities of all maintenance personnel.
• Maintains parts and stock inventories for all aircraft.
• Coordinates the activities of the Department of Maintenance.
• Acts in the absence of the Director of Maintenance.

Crew Chiefs (B-17, B-25, C-47, Ford Trimotor, and UH-1H)

• Report to the Lead Mechanic.

• Conduct and supervise all maintenance of their respective aircraft.
• Maintain aircraft records such as OUT, OFF, ON and IN times as required.
• May act as a mandatory required crew member during flight in B-17, B-25, and
UH-1H LHFE flights or C-47 and Trimotor LOA flights.
• Assist flight crews during ground and in-flight operations.
• Assist in passenger briefings and passenger boarding and egress during normal and
abnormal situations.
• Assist Ramp Crew as required to maintain safety of passengers.
• Must possess an “FAA Airframe & Powerplant License” as a minimum
requirement.

Cabin Crew

• Report to Crew Chief or PIC as appropriate

• Assist with maintenance and line servicing tasks as assigned.
• May act as a mandatory required crew member during flight in B-17, B-25, and
UH-1H LHFE flights or C-47 and Trimotor LOA flights.
• Assist flight crews during flight and ground operations.
• Conduct passenger briefings and passenger boarding and egress during normal
and abnormal situations.
• Assist Ramp Crew as required to maintain safety of passengers.

Ramp Crew
• All ramp crew members report to the Director of Maintenance.
• All ramp crew and ground personnel will be trained in accordance with the
provisions of Appendix 1 of the YAF Maintenance Training Manual with specific
emphasis on the use of fire safety equipment, cockpit to ground hand signals,
marshalling procedures and ramp safety.
• All ramp crew members will assist with passengers while the ramp is active.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.8
Original
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
JANUARY 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Safety Officer

• Reports to the President/CEO/Executive Director

• Coordinates the implementation, maintenance, and integration of the SMS.
• Ensure safety promotion throughout Flight Operations Department.
• Maintains, reviews, and recommends revisions to the SMS for YAF.
• Regularly reports on the performance of the SMS to the Director of Flight
Operations, President/CEO/Executive Director and Board of Directors.
• Facilitates hazard identification and safety risk analysis.
• Monitors the effectiveness of risk controls.
• Maintains the confidential hazard reporting system.
• Investigates of any event reported via the hazard reporting system.
• Remediates, if necessary, any personnel involved in a reported safety-related
event.
• Provides feedback on all reports submitted through the hazard reporting system.
• Develops and maintains Safety Risk Management procedures.
• Conducts Safety Risk Assessments, as necessary.
• Monitors the effectiveness of safety risk controls.
• Distributes aviation safety information through the FLTOPS web site.
• Reviews the Emergency Response Plan.
• Annually assesses the organization’s safety culture.
• Chairs the Safety Review Committee.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.9
REVISION 1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Pilot in Command (PIC)

• For bomber transport category airplanes, must have 5,000 total time, 2,500 multi
engine, 2,000 multiengine PIC, and 25 hours in type. These desired minimum
qualifications are waiverable. Highly qualified pilots must submit a written
application and flight resume to the Chief Pilot of the aircraft involved. This
application must be approved by the Chief Pilot, Director of Flight Operations,
the Safety Officer, and the President/CEO. See appropriate guidelines for UH-1H
(Appendix 4)and Ford Trimotor (Appendix 3).
• Determines personal fitness for duty and that of all crew members, i.e., rest, etc.
• Flight Risk Assessment
 All flights involve some risk.
 The final decision on flights is always left to the individual pilot.
 A Flight Risk Assessment Guide is attached to this manual.
 This suggested guide may be used as a self-assessment tool to help pilots
plan and manage risk scenarios accordingly.
 Individual development of specialized checklists involving personal
minima is highly encouraged.
• Conducts flight planning to include purpose of the flight, weather, special
instructions, altitude, terrain, range, weight, fuel requirements, cruise control data,
airport facilities, and navigational aids.
• Ensures proper navigation and communication equipment, charts and materials
required by applicable FARs are on board the aircraft prior to departure.
• Ensures aircraft preflight inspection to include W&B, proper loading, briefing,
and security of passengers.
• Reviews Aircraft Flight Log and passenger manifest prior to flight.
• Ensures provisions for passenger comfort.
• Maintains comprehensive knowledge of the YAF General Operations Manual,
FARs, NTSB reporting requirements, FAA LHFE/LOA Documents, Aircraft
Flight Manuals, and all other pertinent material.
• Shall assign a crewmember or passenger prior to departure to assist any person
who may need the assistance of another person during possible emergency
evacuation of the aircraft.
• Shall conduct or verify the briefing of all passengers as required by FARs, LHFE
FAA exemption and LOA as appropriate. The briefing shall also include the use
of safety belts, safety and fire extinguishing equipment on the aircraft and
precautions to be taken while moving around during flight, and the location and
operation of all emergency exits.
• Shall assure all aircraft operations are conducted utilizing the YAF checklist
procedures. Shares flight time with SIC to ensure currency and experience.
• The Pilot in Command will check in as required with the Director of Flight
Operations, Chief Pilot, or Director of Maintenance to report any aircraft issues.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.10
REVISION 1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Second in Command (SIC)

• For bomber transport category airplanes, must have 1,500 total time, 250 multi
engine, and 25 hours of tailwheel time for B-17 and C-47. These desired
minimum qualifications are waiverable. Highly qualified pilots must submit a
written application and flight resume to the Chief Pilot of the aircraft involved.
This application must be approved by the Chief Pilot, Director of Flight
Operations, the Safety Officer, and the President/CEO.
• All SICs report to the appropriate Chief Pilot when not flying. When flying, SICs
are responsible to the PIC.
• Flight Risk Assessment
 All flights involve some risk.
 The final decision on flights is always left to the individual pilot.
 A Flight Risk Assessment Guide is attached to this manual.
 This suggested guide may be used as a self-assessment tool to help
pilots plan and manage risk scenarios accordingly.
 Individual development of specialized checklists involving
personal minima is highly encouraged.
• SICs will assume command of the aircraft if the PIC becomes incapacitated.
SICs will maintain a comprehensive knowledge of the duties and responsibilities
of the PIC.
• SICs will perform duties as required to assist the PIC in the safe operation of the
aircraft. SICs will be familiar with and subscribe to Crew Resource Management
procedures and notify the PIC of all unsafe practices, situations, or deviations.
• All SICs will maintain a comprehensive knowledge of the YAF General
Operations Manual, FARs, NTSB reporting requirements, LHFE/LOA
specifications, Aircraft Flight Manuals, and all other material pertinent to his/or
her duty position.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 1.5.11
REVISION 1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Event/Flight Coordinator
 Is the liaison between YAF and the show site host.
 Acquires flight passenger lists from the Air Adventure Sales department for
upcoming ride activity and ensures that all information is correct, i.e., age, etc.
 Sets up table for each flight date with appropriate flight and marketing
information.
 If rider is walk-up, has rider fill out information sheet with all pertinent
information, i.e., Name, address, phone, email, credit card (last 4 digits), etc. and
collects money for the ride, i.e., cash or credit card. (If ride is prepaid, this
information and money has been collected by the Air Adventure Sales
department.)
 Checks in each rider, verifying ID, getting signature on Liability Waiver and
giving boarding pass on lanyard.
 Creates two (2) Flight Manifests, keeping one (1) and giving the second to the
Cabin Crew Member assigned to that flight.
 Prepares an accounting form showing sources for all funds and turns it into the
Accounting department.
 Upon completion of the flight date, turns all paperwork into Air Adventure Sales
staff to be filed.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 5.5.1
Original
OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF
JANUARY 1, 2021 YANKEE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT

OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF
YANKEE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 5.5.2
REVISION 1
OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF
OCTOBER 1, 2021 YANKEE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT

Yankee Air Museum Operational Control

This section of the GOM contains the museum’s instructions and policy on maintaining
operational control of the museum aircraft. Following are the names and titles, and phone
numbers of each person authorized to exercise operational control.

1. President and CEO Kevin Walsh 734 637-8880

2. Director of Flight Operations Jon Rule 734 717-0515
3. Assistant Director of Flight Operations Ray Hunter 734 645-3187
4. Chief Pilot B-17 Gene Wedekemper 517 376-1021
5. Chief Pilot C-47 Grant Schwartz 248 895-5723
6. Chief Pilot B-25 Bill Clark 734 730-4350
7. Chief Pilot UH-1H Jim Wise 734 740-4647
8. Chief Pilot AT-4 Trimotor Cody Welch 586 946-5381
9. Pilots in Command Various

Positions 1 through 8 are administrative management and are “first tier” positions in the
organization’s structure. Individuals in the first tier schedule all flights by assuring that aircraft
are airworthy, airports are suitable, flights are in accordance with the museum mission, and flight
crews are qualified in accordance with the provisions of this GOM and other manuals. The first
tier follows and monitors the operation as it is being conducted by the second tier which are the
Pilots in Command PICs) and their flight crews. The second tier shares operational control with
the first tier. This system ensures that one person has overall authority regardless of the
position/person exercising operational control.

When the PICs are exercising operational control, they may not delegate the exercise of
operational control to any other person.

The museum serves various contractual clients under its Eastern Michigan FSDO Letter of
Authority and its FAA Living History Flight Experience programs. Situations may arise whereby
a client desires to deviate from the provisions of a contract. The PIC will not under any
circumstance relinquish operational control to any client, but may deviate only with permission
of an individual in the first tier.

Other situations may require the PIC to make in-flight deviations. They are: (1) in the case of an
emergency; (2) ATC re-routes; (3) weather conditions; (4) destination airport unsafe; (5) or any
circumstance that the pilot in command determines to be unsafe. Should the PIC exercise the
authority to make in-flight deviations he/she shall notify the Chief Pilot or other first tier
individuals as soon as possible after landing.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 5.5.3
REVISION 1
OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF
OCTOBER 1, 2021 YANKEE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT

Initiating/Scheduling Flights

Airport Suitability/Requirements. First tier individuals determine airport suitability, i.e.,

runway/taxiway length width, fuel availability, and other factors.

Flight Crew Qualifications. Flight crew records are available in the Flight Operations
Department. They contain training records, check ride documentation, pilot certificates, medical
certificates, insurance forms, and other documents. These records will be used by first tier
individuals to assess flight crew qualifications and currency prior to the initiation or scheduling
of any flight by museum aircraft.

Aircraft Requirements. All aircraft flown will be owned by the museum and remain in
legal and actual possession of the museum. There may be cases where museum flight crews fly
aircraft belonging to other organizations. These situations will be carefully coordinated with all
agencies concerned. Prior to any flight museum aircraft must be cleared for flight by the Director
of Maintenance.

Aircrew Preflight. The pilot in command must evaluate all information in preparation for
flight. The pilot in command is responsible for complying with 14 CFR part 91 91.103.

Preflight Actions. These actions include but are not limited to:
1. Weather and NOTAMS.
2. Fuel requirements.
3. Current electronic navigation information or navigation charts.
4. Publications.
5. Diplomatic clearances and/or special procedures briefings, e.g., Washington DC
procedures, Air Adventures at Oshkosh.
6. Weight and balance information.
7. Current maintenance status of the aircraft to include, preflight documentation,
open discrepancies, accurate and complete flight log.

Canceling Flights. Prior to initiating a flight, the venue client or first tier members may
cancel a flight. The pilot in command may also cancel a flight at any time he/she determines that
the flight cannot be conducted safely in compliance with museum policies, and procedures, or
Federal Aviation Regulations.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 5.5.4
REVISION 1
OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF
OCTOBER 1, 2021 YANKEE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT

Flight Following

Flight following is an essential and critical element in operational control of

museum aircraft. Chief Pilots are “first tier” managers and are responsible for
tracking all flights of their assigned aircraft. PICs share in this responsibility by
way of prompt notification of flight activities to Chief Pilots or others.

Flight schedules are published by the museum and updated as changes are made.
Other sources of flight information may be found at the museum web site or the
Google Drive calendar. Flight Aware is available for tracking museum aircraft. If
Chief Pilots are involved in the flights or otherwise unavailable, PICs will provide
notifications to the Assistant Director of Flight Operations or other first tier
individuals. Notifications may be by phone, email, or text, but all notifications
must be acknowledged.

Notifications are required for the following examples and will include aircraft
status. Other information may be included such as time flown, flights completed,
and number of paid passengers.

Enroute Flights. Provide notification after landing following a flight from YIP or
any other location. (Example Willow Run to Port Clinton to conduct LOA or
LHFE Flights, enroute refueling stops, or flights between venues.)

End of Day/Mission Flights. Provide notification after completing a series of

LOA or LHFE Air Adventure flights, or final flights of the day of any type,
including training flights or check rides. (Example, Air Adventure flights at
Willow Run or final landing at any venue).

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 5.10.1
Original
OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF
JANUARY 1, 2021 YANKEE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT

Safety Management System

The Yankee Air Force Flight Operations Department recognizes the critical nature of a
Safety Management System (SMS). Therefore, YAF is committed to an effective SMS
and to its continuous improvement. All crew members, volunteers, and paid employees in
the department have the responsibility to perform their duties and activities in the safest
practical manner. YAF has established specific safety-related objectives and to ensure
that these are met, monitored, measured, and tracked.

• YAF is committed to developing, maintaining, and providing a strong Safety

Culture through process review, continued process improvement and
documentation of the safety process.
• YAF will commit the necessary financial, personnel and other resources for this
purpose.
• YAF will maintain an established confidential reporting system to report all
hazards, accidents, incidents, and safety issues. As a component of the SMS,
YAF is committed to an established emergency response procedure and plan that
provides for the safe transition from normal to emergency operations.
• YAF will convey this expectation through postings, emails, meetings, and other
means to ensure awareness of the organization’s SMS and our safety policy.
• The SMS is designed to prevent accidents and maintain a strong safety culture.
YAF will manage the SMS so that hazards are identified and mitigated to prevent
accidents.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 5.15.1
Original
OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF
JANUARY 1, 2021 YANKEE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT

Training

The limited availability of airframe and engine hours must be focused on individuals
already qualified and it is extremely desirable that pilot crews have recent experience in
the type aircraft. To that end, no instruction may be given in any YAF aircraft except
that needed for YAF flight operations. Training may only be provided to those
individuals already possessing appropriate Category and Class ratings and this training
should be provided for the following:
 ATP and/or Type rating to act as PIC or SIC and when upgrading from an SIC
in the same airplane,
 Required FAA training for initial and recurrent DPE/PPE designation.

Pilots will receive annual training for each aircraft as described in Appendices 2, 3, and 4
to this manual.

Safety Officer will provide annual training on the SMS program for operational personnel
and review the pertinent safety recommendations and recent changes to the program.

YAF will maintain records of training and testing sessions in a manner acceptable to the
East Michigan FSDO to include the name of the instructor conducting the training, date,
location, length of session, aircraft, and student and instructor signatures.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 10.5.1
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION

AIRWORTHINESS
INFORMATION

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 10.5.2
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION

Maintenance Checks
All maintenance will be conducted in accordance with the YAF AAIP maintenance
program, or other approved maintenance program, for each individual aircraft as
approved by the FAA.
Under the provisions of the YAF FAA approved maintenance program, a maintenance
preflight is required to be performed IAW the approved aircraft maintenance program.
This inspection will be documented in the aircraft logbook.
A licensed YAF mechanic or a designee may perform daily service checks on the aircraft
and will report accomplishment of these checks to the PIC. The PIC is responsible to
ensure all necessary preflight checks have been accomplished and documented in the
aircraft logbooks on a daily basis.
Because of the seasonal nature of the Yankee Air Force flight activities (May through
October) most of the concentrated maintenance is performed during the winter months. It
is, however, necessary to determine with the Lead Mechanic or Crew Chief whether the
flight or series of flights can be completed without any required inspection coming due
before the aircraft returns to home base.

Under no conditions will a PIC commence a flight if any required inspection time has
been exceeded or open maintenance discrepancy write ups exist.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 10.10.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION

Recording Deficiencies
All mechanical irregularities discovered prior to, during or after a flight will be entered
into the aircraft logbook and brought to the attention of the Crew Chief, the Lead
Mechanic, or the Director of Maintenance after the flight.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 10.20.1
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION

Maintenance away from Willow Run

If the aircraft requires preventative maintenance, or maintenance discrepancy sign off,
while away from the home base, the Pilot-in-Command (PIC) will contact appropriate
YAF maintenance personnel.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 10.25.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION

Weight and Balance Procedures

Before each flight, the PIC will:
 Assure weight and balance forms have been computed for all normal and
standard combinations of crew, passengers, and fuel and cargo loads, and are
kept on board all aircraft and are reviewed as necessary.
 Verify the gross takeoff weight, gross landing weight and the actual center of
gravity for the loaded weight.
 Determine that these calculated values fall within the manufacturer's allowable
weight and balance limits for the aircraft.
 In the event of a non-standard loading condition the Pilot-in-Command must
complete a Weight and Balance form for the flight to be conducted.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 10.30.1
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION

Passenger Manifest/Releases and Crew List

The flight coordinator will prepare a manifest prior to each flight. YAF will keep a copy
of the manifest and passenger list on file for 30 days. Signed and witnessed passenger
releases will be kept for a period of seven years.

The load manifest shall include at least the following items:

• Date and scheduled time of departure and destination.

• The number and names of passengers.
• Crew members and their position assignment.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 10.35.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION

Aircraft Fueling Procedures

All refueling will be made from appropriate aviation fuel source. Crew members will double
check the truck or hydrant to ensure it is labeled 100LL for the fixed wing aircraft or Jet A, as
appropriate for the UH-1H.

The Pilot-in-Command (PIC) will determine the amount and type of fuel that will be required for
the scheduled flight and place the order for it with the Crew Chief or designee.

The person fueling the aircraft will:

• There will be no fueling with engines running or rotors turning.
• Ensure that the aircraft is grounded and that all cell phones are turned off.
• Ensure refueling is not attempted within 5 miles of any lightning or within five to ten
miles of a thunderstorm. ASOS will code VCTS if thunderstorms are within five and
ten miles of the ASOS.
• Ensure that refueling does not take place inside a hangar.
• Disembark all passengers and ensure they will not approach within 100 feet of the
aircraft until refueling has been completed.
• Verify that all aircraft electrical switches are placed in the off position prior to fueling
and remain so for the duration of the fueling procedure, unless otherwise required for
the refueling operation.
• Verify that a fire extinguisher is available in the immediate vicinity.
• Ensure that no person smokes, and that there is no lighted flame or spark within 100
feet of the aircraft.

After the refueling operation is completed, and prior to flight:

• Verify that the fuel and oil caps and access doors are closed and secured.
• Take fuel samples as required.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 10.35.2
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION

Fuel & Oil Minimums

B-17 – The total fuel capacity of the B-17 is 425 gallons per engine or 1700
gallons. Minimum fuel for dispatch is 500 gallons distributed equally in the four
tanks. This amount will allow sufficient time of approximately 45 minutes to manually
crank all three landing gear down should that be necessary. Oil capacity is 37 gallons per
engine tank. Minimum oil for dispatch is 25 gallons per engine tank.

B-25 – The total fuel capacity of the B-25 is 672 gallons. Minimum fuel for dispatch
is 250 gallons. Oil capacity is 31.4 gallons per engine tank. Minimum oil for dispatch
is 19 gallons per engine tank.

C-47 – The total fuel capacity of the C-47 is 802 gallons. Minimum fuel for dispatch is 60
gallons in each of two tanks. Oil capacity is 29 gallons per engine tank. Minimum oil for
dispatch is 25 gallons per engine tank.
Ford Trimotor – The total fuel capacity of the Ford Trimotor is 297 gallons of 100LL in
three separate tanks. Minimum fuel for dispatch is 30 gallons of fuel in each tank, or 35
gallons in each outboard tank and 20 gallons in the center tank.

Oil capacity is 9 gallons per engine tank. Minimum oil for dispatch is 5.5 gallons in each
tank.

UH-1H – Total fuel capacity for the helicopter is 209 gallons or 1400 lbs, of which 206
gallons are usable. The 20 MINUTE FUEL caution light will illuminate when there is
approximately 170 pounds remaining. The illumination of this light does not mean a
fixed time remains before fuel exhaustion, but is an indication that a low fuel condition
exists. Maximum dispatch fuel is 180 gallons or 1200 lbs. This amount of fuel will
ensure that the helicopter is 200 lbs below MGWTO with 13 occupants on board at an
average weight of 200 lbs per occupant. Minimum oil capacities for the turbine engine,
the transmission, and the tail rotor gear boxes are determined by sight glass gauges.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.5.1
Original
PASSENGER RULES AND
JANUARY 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

PASSENGER RULES
AND
REGULATIONS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.5.2
REVISION 1
PASSENGER RULES AND
OCTOBER 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

Passenger Flight Rules and Restrictions

LOA and LHFE flights must be conducted under the parameters listed below.

• Ceiling minimum to originate a flight is 1,500’ AGL, with a minimum visibility of 3

statute miles. If during a flight, the weather becomes less than 1,500 AGL or 3
statute miles, the flight must return to the departure airport.
• Flights must be conducted between the hours of official sunrise and sunset.
• Flights must depart from and return to the same airport. Flights must remain within a
50 statute mile radius from the departure airport. Flights may be conducted beyond
25sm up to 50sm. In this case, weather must be at least 2,000’ AGL and 5 statute
miles for such operations. If the weather becomes less than 2,000’ AGL or 5 statute
miles the flight must return to the departure airport. Forecasts for such flights cannot
be PROB, BECOMG, or TEMPO. Landings at alternate airports are allowed due to
weather conditions, crew or passenger incapacitation, an emergency or in any other
situation the PIC deems necessary due to safety concerns.
• Passengers may not manipulate the controls or interfere with the flight crew.
• Formation flights are prohibited with paying passengers on board any YAF aircraft.
All formations will be briefed prior to flight per Appendix 1.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.10.1
REVISION 1
PASSENGER RULES AND
OCTOBER 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

Passenger Briefings
The following passenger handling procedures will be in effect any time LOA or LHFE flights are
conducted. These flights will only be conducted when there are trained ramp and security
workers available. These personnel will consist of any combination of the following:

• Yankee Air Force flight crew members

• UH-1H Landing Zone (LZ) Manager
• UH-1H Yankee Air Force Trained Loaders/Unloaders and Escorts
• Yankee Air Force Security Department staff in uniform
• Yankee Air Force Trained Ramp Crew in uniform
• Local Airport Security and FBO employees.
• Air show and/or special event personnel

Passengers will be escorted to and from the aircraft and/or helicopter by one or more of the
people listed above.

General Briefings All Aircraft

Passengers will be given an oral safety briefing prior to starting engines or prior to approaching
the aircraft or helicopter in the case of a hot turn. The general briefing (modified for each
specific aircraft) shall be given by the Pilot in Command, Crew Chief, Cabin Crew, LZ Manager
or Safety Briefer. The briefing will cover the following:

• Smoking and vaping is prohibited on any ramp, hangar or AOA near the aircraft.
• Use of safety belts. Each passenger shall be briefed on when, where, and under what
conditions it is necessary to have his or her safety belt fastened about him or her.
• This briefing shall include a statement that Federal Regulations require passenger
compliance with crewmember instructions regarding these items.
• Location of normal and emergency means for opening the passenger entry door and/or
emergency exits, and that except in the case of an emergency, these doors are to only be
opened and closed by a crewmember.
• Location of first aid kits and fire extinguishers
• Location of air sickness sacks
• That if an emergency takes place in fixed wing aircraft, return to their seats and follow
the instructions of the crewmembers.
• Inform passengers if aircraft is certified in the limited or experimental category, if
applicable and that the FAA has not established manufacturing standards for said
category aircraft. In contrast, standard category airworthiness certificated aircraft are
manufactured to FAA-approved standards, including standards addressing the design of
the aircraft and life-limited parts.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.10.2
REVISION 1
PASSENGER RULES AND
OCTOBER 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

C-47 Specific Rules and Briefings

The C-47 will be limited to 12 passengers. The aircraft is configured in WW II paratrooper
seating with seats facing the center. Every approved seat for taxi, takeoff and landing will have a
cushion and FAA approved safety belt. All passengers must have an assigned seat with a seat
belt. All passengers carried aboard the C-47 aircraft must be able to enter and egress the aircraft
with minimal assistance.

The loading of passengers with the #2 (right) engine running for a quick turn-around is
permitted. This would only be done when the boarding door is facing in the direction from
which the passengers would approach the airplane. In this case there would need to be adequate
people listed above to secure the area around the boarding zone to ensure no one moves from the
left side of the airplane or under the airplane while the #2 engine is running. This could be a
combination of ramp control and other barriers, such as fencing or roped off areas to control
people moving to and from the airplane.

Passengers will be given a C-47 specific detailed oral safety briefing. The briefing shall be given
by the Pilot in Command or his designated representative. The briefing will cover the following:

• Passengers will specifically be instructed to enter and exit the aircraft facing the fuselage
and to use the hand holds.

Passenger loading/unloading will not take place with the left engine running.
Passengers will be screened as to height, weight, and age. If a child is required to be in a
child/booster seat, they are not authorized to be passengers.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.10.3
Original
PASSENGER RULES AND
JANUARY 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

Ford Trimotor Specific Rules and Briefings

The Ford is limited to 9 Passengers in the Main Compartment PLUS 1 in the Co-Pilot Seat. The
aircraft is flown single pilot.

• Briefings
o Passenger Briefing is performed by Ground staff in an assembled briefing area
prior to departure. Particular emphasis is given to egress through the emergency
hatch (in event the plane is on its nose with tail in the air) and the Main Cabin
door which is primary means of egress and ingress. Further, passengers will be
advised to watch head clearance with the main cabin door. The standard briefing
includes seat belt use, seat worn belts at all times, no walking about once seated,
no smoking, emergency evac, Door handle ops, location of Mounted fire
extinguisher, camera use, Air sickness bags. Passenger briefing cards will be
found in every seat back and the forward bulkhead.

• Boarding
o The Ford has a box shaped step wide enough to accommodate passenger’s entry
and exit. The ground crew will remove the box and store it with the loose fire
extinguisher until the next arrival.

• Fire Guard & Starting

o A Fire Guard/Starter is required for all starts except for enroute ferry where none
is available. The procedure is to signal the captain from his/her 9:30 position.
Once the #1 Engine is running steady, the Fire Guard moves in a wide arc well
clear of the nose to the 2:30 position, establishes eye contact with the captain and
signals clear to start #2 when assured of no threats. The same procedure is
repeated with #3. When #3 is running smoothly the captain will look to the Fire
Guard for a salute indicating clear to taxi or a directional indication of a traffic
conflict which may be accompanied by a signal to hold position. The Trimotor
has restricted cockpit visibility and its Pilot depends on the Ground crew for
enhanced situational awareness. Eye contact between the Fire Guard and Captain
is essential at all times. The Yankee Ford does not do 2 engine ‘Hot’ turns. All
three engines will be off prior to each passenger boarding. Fire Guard and
Ground volunteers shall be trained by the captain at the beginning of any ride
event.

• Right seat passenger considerations

o Due to the limited Cockpit space and the large step up, Captains must be
consulted if there are any questions as to the prospective Right seater’s physical
ability to enter the cockpit and to be able to exit in an emergency. Overweight and
mobility challenged individuals will not be good candidates to negotiate the
awkward entry configuration. The captain needs to be assured that he can get

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.10.4
Original
PASSENGER RULES AND
JANUARY 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

full elevator travel. This is difficult with corpulent individuals. Captains shall
brief the passenger in the right seat as to expectations and limitations, what not to
touch, when it’s OK to use a camera, when it’s OK to speak to the Captain and
Emergency procedures. The right seater always enters the aircraft first during
boarding. The right seater cannot operate flight controls.

• Ford Hangar Storage policy

o The Ford is very vulnerable to high winds on the ground. A 40K wind gust will
fully extend the struts thanks to the high lift wing. EAA’s aircraft was destroyed
in’73 when it was flipped upside down (despite being roped to the ground) by a
nasty microburst. As a result, it is policy that the Ford is not only hangared every
night BUT if threatening weather develops during the day it must be proactively
put away. The Ford will not land at an airport, even for a fuel stop, unless advance
hangar availability has been assured. This complicates tour planning because the
plane has a 74’ wingspan and few small GA airports have 80’ hangar door widths.
The airplane can be ‘spun’ into a 65’ wide door as long as the internal hangar
dimensions are 80’ wide x 60’ deep. ‘Spinning’ the plane into a hangar with a 65’
door is a Manual operation. Captains who are trained in the method are the only
ones authorized to conduct the operation. Normally 4-6 ground volunteers are
required with 3-4 pushing and 2 serving as wing tip spotters.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.10.5
REVISION 1
PASSENGER RULES AND
OCTOBER 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

UH-1H Specific Rules and Briefings

The UH-1H will be limited to 10 passengers with a minimum crew of 3. Pilots will perform a
hover power check prior to takeoff. MGTWO of 9,500 lbs or performance limitations must not
be exceeded. Passenger loading and unloading is permitted with rotors turning. Passengers will
be given a UH-1H specific detailed oral safety briefing. The briefing shall be given by a
qualified ground crewmember.

B-17/B-25 Specific Rules and Briefings

Decades of YAM operational experience has shown that a third crewmember (Crew Chief or
qualified Cabin Crew Member) is mandatory for all B-17 and B-25 flights. In addition to
monitoring passenger activity, assistance is required during in-flight emergencies. These duties
include hand-cranking the landing gear, operating fuel cross-feed and other systems. In addition,
a third pair of eyes is invaluable for monitoring engine performance, as well as scanning for
other aircraft.

• B-17 and B-25 bomb bay doors will remain closed during flight with LHFE passengers
on board. Advise all B-17 passengers that they are not permitted to leave the catwalk at
any time. If objects such as phones, cameras, etc., are accidentally dropped during flight,
passengers will be advised to notify a crew member and the dropped object will be
retrieved after landing.
• B-17 passengers will be advised to avoid loose objects near the open top hatch (cameras,
hats, etc.).

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.15.1
Original
PASSENGER RULES AND
JANUARY 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

Abnormal Passenger Situations (Injury, illness, fear, etc.)

• In the event a passenger suffers an injury, becomes unruly or dangerous due to

fear or other causes and might be a danger to themselves or other passengers, the
Pilot in Command shall use his/her best judgment in addressing the situation to
include immediately declaring a Medical Emergency and having EMS alerted to
the incoming airplane, and, if necessary, land the aircraft at the nearest suitable
airport where there is assistance appropriate to the situation. Appropriate
authorities shall be notified by the most expedient means. If necessary, call ahead
for Law Enforcement assistance.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.20.1
Original
PASSENGER RULES AND
JANUARY 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

Sabotage
Not every possible scenario can be predicted. The following are suggestions to be considered.
The exact nature of the threat will determine any response.

On the Ground
• Evacuate the aircraft and escort all passengers out of the area.
• Notify appropriate authorities and maintain aircraft security until the arrival of
those authorities.
• Do not reenter the aircraft or allow any unauthorized person or persons to
approach the aircraft until it is released by the proper authorities.

In Flight

• Advise ATC and request assistance.

• Land immediately at the nearest suitable airport and evacuate the aircraft and
following instructions in the preceding paragraph or instructions given by
airport authorities.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.25.1
Original
PASSENGER RULES AND
JANUARY 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

Bomb Threat Procedures:

• If possible, land and evacuate the aircraft immediately.

• If an immediate landing is not possible, contact FAA Security through
ATC and proceed as follows:
• Keep passengers seated with seat belts fastened.
• After considering aircraft capabilities and distance to the nearest suitable
airport, when possible slow to approach speed, configure the aircraft for
landing and restrict maneuvering to the minimum for safe operation. (In
the event of detonation, the systems required to place the aircraft in
landing configuration could be damaged, if the aircraft is preconfigured
this problem is eliminated. Flight operations conducted at approach
speeds in a level attitude reduces aircraft structural stress to a minimum.
• Proceed to the nearest suitable airport, land and evacuate the aircraft
immediately.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.30.1
Original
PASSENGER RULES AND
JANUARY 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

Hijacking Procedures
The following procedures have been established by YAF and Federal authorities and are
provided herein as general crewmember guidance:
• Use best judgment on how to proceed. Drastic action may be necessary
depending on the situation
• Squawk 7500 if possible, or transmit a radio message which includes the phrase
“N1234 squawking 7500,”
• Controllers may reply Code 7500 by “N1234, you are squawking 7500. Is this
intentional?” Respond affirmative or ident and proper authorities will be notified.
• When an in-the-clear radio transmission of a hijacking is received, controllers
shall assign Code 7500 to the aircraft
• Notification Procedures at Willow Run: Immediately upon receipt of reliable
information that the YAF aircraft has been hijacked, the employee who receives
the information shall notify YAF personnel pursuant to the chain of command
who will provide all information required by:
• Police/State/Local
• FBI/DEA/ATF
• FAA/DOT/NTSB Officials
• U.S. Immigration/Customs Officials (if hijacking takes aircraft across
U.S. border)
• Official Representative of Foreign Government, if involved

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 20.35.1
REVISION 1
PASSENGER RULES AND
OCTOBER 1, 2021 REGULATIONS

PIC/SIC Illness or Incapacitation

• In the event the Pilot in Command or Second in Command becomes incapacitated

in flight, the following procedure shall be utilized:
• Maintain control of the aircraft, then assist the incapacitated crewmember.
• Remove the affected pilot from the flight deck or restrain him/her so as not to
interfere with the flight controls.
• If necessary, a non-pilot may occupy the vacant seat to operate controls not
reachable by the pilot.
• Declare an immediate medical emergency and advise them of the nature of the
emergency and your intentions, request vectors to the nearest suitable airport and
once enroute request to have EMS alerted to the incoming airplane needing
medical assistance
• File a Flight Incident Report upon completion of the event

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 30.5.1
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 EMERGENCY EVACUATION

EMERGENCY
EVACUATION

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 30.5.2
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 EMERGENCY EVACUATION

Emergency Evacuation Procedures

The PIC is responsible to ensure a proper briefing and assign responsibility for passenger
evacuation. In the large aircraft, this individual will normally be the Crew Chief and/or
Cabin Crew. Particular attention must be given to individuals who may need the
assistance of another person to exit the aircraft. The person needing assistance may or
may not be accompanied. In any case a responsible person will be briefed on emergency
exit procedures. This briefing will consist of:
• Location of the nearest emergency exit and how to operate.
• Procedures to be followed so that the person requiring assistance is evacuated
without delaying the evacuation of others on board the aircraft.

Note: All passengers carried aboard museum aircraft must be able to enter and egress all
YAF aircraft with minimal assistance.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 40.5.1
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 STANDARDIZATION OF
OPERATIONS

STANDARDIZATION
OF
OPERATIONS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 40.5.2
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 STANDARDIZATION OF
OPERATIONS

Standardization of Operations
Crewmembers will always adhere to published standardized operating procedures in the conduct
of flights. This will ensure that YAF aircraft will be operated according to published established
procedures. Standardization also facilitates crewmember expectations of other crewmembers,
thereby maximizing crew coordination and efficiency, regardless of changes in crew pairings.

Cockpit Resource Management (CRM)

Experience has shown that a well-managed cockpit environment, including the timely and
correct exchange of information between cockpit crewmembers and the proper accomplishment
of their appointed tasks, serves as one of the most effective methods by which operational safety
can be enhanced. Proper crew coordination and CRM procedures include, but are not limited to
the following:

• Accomplishment of all checklists, using response prompts as indicated

• Altitude callouts, in VMC as well as in IFR conditions
• Descent rate and speed management, monitoring, and callouts
• Pre-takeoff and pre-approach briefings
• Navigation and monitoring callouts if applicable
• Responses to abnormal or emergency situations

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 40.10.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 STANDARDIZATION OF
OPERATIONS

Use of Approved Checklists

The use of checklists to assist in the proper operation of the aircraft is mandatory for all flights.
Only approved checklists may be used.

Certain portions of the checklists are identified as requiring the use of the "challenge and
response" method of accomplishment. Those portions not so identified may be accomplished
silently by the pilot monitoring (PM). The pilot completing the checklist (whether silently or by
challenge) is responsible that each item is accomplished correctly.

Memory items on checklists are required to be accomplished immediately, from memory, during
an emergency and followed up by the appropriate checklist.

During all operations, it is the Pilot Flying’s (PF) responsibility to call for all appropriate
checklists. The PM will inform the PF if there is abnormal delay in the call for any checklist.

Checklist items will be read in a loud, clear voice and the proper response will be equally clear
and understandable. If the proper response is not forthcoming, the crewmember reading the
checklist will repeat the challenge, if necessary, until the proper response is provided. Undue
haste in the execution of any checklist is neither necessary nor desirable.

Upon completion of each individual checklist, the crewmember completing the checklist will
announce, "(Checklist Name) CHECKLIST COMPLETE."

Note: Checklist items may not be skipped to then accomplish the item later. If a normal
sequence is interrupted when a long delay is encountered, it may be necessary to re-accomplish
the checklist from that point.

The Cabin Crew or additional pilot may read checklists when directed by the PIC.

Minimum Altitudes

With exceptions to applicable waivers in place, except for takeoff and landing, minimum altitude
for fixed winged aircraft is 1,000 feet AGL. Helicopters may operate at altitudes less than 1,000’
but no lower than 500’ AGL. Particular attention should be given to subpart F, FAR 91.515 that
applies to altitude restrictions for large aircraft (B-17, B-25, and C-47) not on a specific waiver.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 40.15.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 STANDARDIZATION OF
OPERATIONS

Air Show Requirements/Restrictions

• A PIC or another participating PIC on the same aircraft will attend all airshow briefings.
• During air demonstrations at airshows, pilots will not exceed the following limits:
• Banks no more than 45 degrees, or as prescribed by airshow operations authorities.
• Minimum altitude for gear up passes is that prescribed for the local event, but in no
case will it be lower than 200 feet AGL.
• Sink rates will not exceed 1000 FPM when less than 1000 feet AGL.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 50.5.1
Original
ACCIDENTS, INJURIES,
JANUARY 1, 2021 NOTIFICATIONS

ACCIDENTS,
INJURIES,
NOTIFICATIONS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 50.5.2
REVISION 1
ACCIDENTS, INJURIES,
OCTOBER 1, 2021 NOTIFICATIONS

Aircraft Accidents and/or Injuries

Serious accidents and/or injuries will be reported immediately as outlined below:

• Notify 911, the nearest Fire/ Rescue, or Law Enforcement Agency.

• Notify the nearest National Transportation Safety Board Field Office as outlined in
NTSB Part 830 Subpart B as found in paragraph 50.20.1 of this manual.
• Notify the nearest FAA FSDO.
• Notify YAF Headquarters 734-483-4030
• Chairman of the Board – Ray Hunter 734-645-3187
• President/CEO/Executive Director – Kevin Walsh 734-637-8880
• Director of Flight Operations – Jon Rule 734-717-0515

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 50.10.1
Original
ACCIDENTS, INJURIES,
JANUARY 1, 2021 NOTIFICATIONS

Immediate Action Response to Serious Accidents/Injuries

• If a serious accident or injury occurs, common sense should always prevail. A suggested
course of action for the first person on the scene is as follows:
• Remove all the persons from the aircraft to a safe distance upwind and provide proper
protection using blankets, etc.
• Take steps to provide first aid until the arrival of rescue/medical personnel and
ambulances.
• Take steps to prevent disturbance of the aircraft by anyone until the arrival of a
representative of the FAA and/or NTSB.
• Prohibit all smoking in the area.
• Write down or photograph all pertinent information which might be subject to change.
• If possible, obtain written statements from any eyewitnesses of the accident.
• Do not make any statements to anyone regarding cause or responsibility for the
accident.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 50.15.1
REVISION 1
ACCIDENTS, INJURIES,
OCTOBER 1, 2021 NOTIFICATIONS

Reporting
The Pilot-in-Command will make a written report of all accidents and/or injuries immediately
upon his return to Willow Run, or as soon thereafter as is possible. This report will be submitted
through the Director of Flight Operations and will include all the pertinent information regarding
the accident and/or injury. If the incident involves non-YAF personnel or equipment, the Pilot-
in-Command will secure the following information:
• Names and addresses of personnel involved.
• Extent of damage and/or injuries,
• Names and addresses of employers or owners.
• Statements from any eyewitnesses.

Reporting under this paragraph will require submission of a similar report (Flight Incident
Report or Hazard Incident Report) under the provisions of the Yankee Air Force Safety
Management System to ensure the YAF Safety Committee follows up on the incident.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 50.20.1
Original
ACCIDENTS, INJURIES,
JANUARY 1, 2021 NOTIFICATIONS

FAA/NTSB ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

From the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention to fly until all such persons have
disembarked, the occurrence of any of the following require the Yankee Air Force to notify the
FAA and National Transportation Safety Board:

• An aircraft accident, as defined in NTSB Part 830.

• A flight control system malfunction or failure.
• The inability of any required flight crewmember to perform his normal flight duties
because of injury or illness.
• In-flight fire.
• Aircraft collide in flight.
• Damage to property (other than an aircraft) if the cost of repair is estimated to exceed
$25,000. If the property is considered a total loss, then notification is required if the
lessor of the estimated repair cost or its fair market value exceeds $25,000.
• An aircraft is overdue (45 minutes late or beyond its programmed fuel endurance time,
whichever is less) and is believed to have been involved in an accident.
• YAF personnel will notify the controlling FAA FSDO and NTSB in the most expeditious
means available as follows:
o The Pilot-in-Command (PIC) shall notify the Director of Flight Operations, who
will immediately notify the controlling FAA FSDO and NTSB.
o If the PIC cannot immediately contact the Director of Flight Operations, the PIC
will immediately notify the controlling FAA FSDO and other parties, as
necessary.
o If the Director of Flight Operations has good reason to believe the PIC cannot
contact him, and that one of the occurrences requiring notification has happened,
he will immediately notify the FAA. This notification may be through the FAA
(ATC or FSDO), if possible; or may be direct to the NTSB, if necessary.
o Pilots are encouraged to file an ASRS form after any deviation, incident or
suspected possible violation of any FAR.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 50.25.1
REVISION 1
ACCIDENTS, INJURIES,
OCTOBER 1, 2021 NOTIFICATIONS

Pilot Deviation Notification

• Any YAF pilot who declares an emergency and deviates from any Federal Aviation
Regulation while on duty will immediately write a complete report of the aircraft
operation involved. The pilot will include a description of the deviation taken and the
reasons for it. This information will be sent to the following address no later than ten
business days after the day of the deviation with a copy to the Director of Flight
Operations

• East Michigan Flight Standards District Office

8800 Beck Road-Eastside Belleville, Michigan 48111
Phone: (734) 487-7222. Fax: (734) 487-7221

Reporting under this paragraph will require submission of a similar report (Flight Incident
Report or Hazard Incident Report) under the provisions of the Yankee Air Force Safety
Management System to ensure the YAF Safety Committee follows up on the incident.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 50.30.1
REVISION 1
ACCIDENTS, INJURIES,
OCTOBER 1, 2021 NOTIFICATIONS

Mandatory East Michigan FSDO Aircraft Malfunction Notification

YAF will notify the East Michigan FSDO within 24 hours of any of the following occurrences
by written report, by electronic mail, or by facsimile.

• Each in-flight fire in any system or area that requires activation of any fire suppression
system or discharge of a portable fire extinguisher.
• Exhaust system component failure including the turbocharger components that causes
damage to any engine, structure, cowling, or components.
• Each airplane component or system that causes, during flight, accumulation or circulation
of noxious fumes, smoke, or vapor in any portion of the cabin or crew area.
• Except for training, each occurrence of engine shutdown or propeller feathering, and the
reason for such shutdown or feathering.
• Each failure of the propeller governing systems or feathering systems.
• Any landing gear system or component failures or malfunctions, which require use of
emergency or standby extension systems.
• Each failure or malfunction of the wheel brake system that causes loss of brake control
on the ground.
• Each airplane structure that requires major repair due to damage, deformation, or
corrosion and the method of repair.
• Each failure or malfunction of the fuel system, tanks, pumps, or valves.
• Each malfunction, failure, or defect in any system or component that requires taking
emergency action of any type during any flight

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 80.1.1
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 APPENDICES

APPENDICES

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 80.1.2
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 APPENDICES

APPENDIX #1

Formation Flight Briefing Checklist

1. Weather (departure, enroute, destination)
2. Call Signs (position in formation)
3. Mission
4. Engine Start Time (time hack)
5. Radio Frequencies and Check-in Procedures
6. Taxi/Takeoff/Transponder Procedures
7. Abort Procedures/Alternate Mission
8. Type Formation to be Flown, Aircraft Proximity
9. Join-Up Procedures
10. Route to be Flown
11. Altitude/Airspeed (climb-out/join-up/cruise)
12. Rendezvous Location
13. Designated Alternate Leader
14. Approach and Landing Procedures
15. Emergency Procedures (loss of visual contact)
16. Radio Failure Procedures

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 80.2.1
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 APPENDICES

APPENDIX #2

C-47 Sightseeing Program Requirements

The Yankee Air Force is authorized to conduct sightseeing flights in the C-47 to the
general public under a Letter of Authorization for Operators under 14 CFR Part 91.147.

These flights will be operated under restrictions like those found in the Living History
Flight Exemption. Flights will be operated as follows:
 Day VFR only
 Within 25 Statute miles of the departure airport
 Are limited to 12 passengers
 Runway length must at least 4,000’ long and at least 75’ wide. Exceptions to
this limitation may be authorized by the Chief Pilot when he assigns the PIC for a
flight.

Flight Crew Qualifications. To act as a pilot on the C-47 operating under the 91.147
LOA, a pilot must complete the following requirements.

To operate as Pilot in Command, pilots:

• Must be a member of the Yankee Air Force.

• Must have attended the annual C-47 ground school within the preceding 12
months
• Must possess a First or Second Class FAA medical certificate issued within 12
months of any YAF flight.
• Must have a multiengine ATP with a DC-3 type rating.
• Must have completed a 61.58 Proficiency Check in the C-47 within the preceding
24 calendar months. This check must have been administered by a FAA
designated Pilot Proficiency Examiner.
• Within the preceding 12 calendar months must have completed either a 61.58
check in the C-47 or a 61.58 equivalent check in another multi-crewed aircraft
and a VFR Check as PIC.
• Must be enrolled in the YAF FAA approved Drug Testing Program

To operate as Second in Command, pilots:

• Must be a member of the Yankee Air Force.

• Must have attended the annual C-47 ground school within the preceding 12
months
• Must have a commercial with instrument and multiengine ratings.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 80.2.2
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 APPENDICES

• Must possess a First or Second Class FAA medical certificate issued within 12
months of any YAF flight.
• Must have completed a VFR Competency Check as SIC under the guidelines of
135.293 in the C-47 within the preceding 12 calendar months. This check must
be administered by a FAA designated Pilot Proficiency Examiner.
• Must be enrolled in a YAF FAA approved Drug Testing Program

Note: Pilots meeting PIC requirements are considered qualified to act as SIC.

To operate as Cabin Crew:

• Must have attended the annual C-47 ground school within the preceding 12
months
• Must be familiar with C-47 Pre-flight duties as determined by the Yankee Air
Force C-47 Maintenance Program.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 80.3.1
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 APPENDICES

APPENDIX #3

Ford Trimotor Sightseeing Program Requirements

The Yankee Air Force is authorized to conduct sightseeing flights in the Ford Trimotor to
the public under a Letter of Authorization for Operators under 14 CFR Part 91.147.

These flights will be operated under restrictions like those found in the Living History
Flight Exemption. Flights will be operated as follows:
 Day VFR only
 Within 25 Statute miles of the departure airport
 Are limited to 10 passengers
 Runway length must at least 3,000’ long and at least 50’ wide. Exceptions to
this limitation may be authorized by the Chief Pilot when he assigns the PIC for a
flight.

Flight Crew Qualifications. To act as a pilot on the Ford Trimotor operating under the
91.147 LOA, a pilot must complete the following requirements.

To operate as Pilot in Command, pilots:

• Must be a member of the Yankee Air Force.

• Must have attended the annual Ford Trimotor ground school within the preceding
12 months
• Must possess a First or Second Class FAA medical certificate issued within 12
months of any YAF flight.
• Have at least a total of 5,000 hours of aeronautical flight experience, 2,500 hours
of aeronautical flight experience in multiengine land airplanes, 2,000 hours of
multi-engine PIC time, and 1,500 hours in a tailwheel aircraft.
• Must have completed a check in the Ford Trimotor within the preceding 12
calendar months. This check must have been administered by a FAA designated
multiengine instructor rated in the airplane.
• Must be enrolled in the YAF FAA approved Drug Testing Program

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 80.4.1
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 APPENDICES

APPENDIX #4

Living History Flight Experience (LHFE) Pilot Certification & Experience

Requirements

B-17, B-25 LHFE Pilot Requirements

PIC Requirements

• Must be a member of the Yankee Air Force

• Each PIC must hold at least an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane
multiengine land rating, and a B-17 or B-25, as appropriate, unrestricted type rating.
• Must possess a minimum Second Class FAA medical certificate.
• Have completed within the previous 12 calendar months, Yankee Air Force’s PIC
qualification and recurrent flight and ground training program in the B-17 or B-25, as
appropriate, for which PIC privileges are sought.
• Have completed within the previous 12 calendar months, Yankee Air Force's PIC
proficiency check in the B-17 or B-25, as appropriate, for which PIC privileges are
sought.
• Have accomplished within the previous 90 days, three takeoffs and three landings to a
full stop in a B-17 or touch and goes in a B-25, as appropriate, for which PIC privileges
are sought.
• For initial PIC qualification in a B-17 or B-25, as appropriate, or if the pilot has allowed
his/her takeoff and landing currency to lapse in a B-17 or B-25, as appropriate, the
takeoff and landing currency may not be accomplished during passenger-carrying
operations.

SIC Requirements

• Must be a member of the Yankee Air Force.

• Each SIC must hold at least an unrestricted commercial pilot certificate with an airplane
multiengine land rating and an airplane instrument rating.
• Must possess a minimum Second Class FAA medical certificate.
• Have completed within the previous 12 calendar months, Yankee Air Force’s SIC
qualification and recurrent flight and ground training program in a B-17 or B-25, as
appropriate, for which SIC privileges are sought.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 80.4.2
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 APPENDICES

• Have completed within the previous 12 calendar months, Yankee Air Force’s SIC
proficiency check in a B-17 or B-25, as appropriate, for which SIC privileges are sought.
• Have accomplished within the previous 12 calendar months, three takeoffs and three
landings to a full stop in a B-17 or B-25, as appropriate, for which SIC privileges are
sought.
• For initial SIC qualification in a B-17 or B-25, as appropriate, or if the pilot has allowed
his/her takeoff and landing currency to lapse in a B-17 or B-25, as appropriate, the
takeoff and landing currency may not be accomplished during passenger-carrying
operations.

Currency and Flight Evaluations

Fixed wing LHFE pilots will maintain currency in accordance with 14 CFR Part 61. Currency
may not be attained on LHFE flights. Currency flights will be scheduled as necessary to retain
90-day landing currency for PIC, 12 months for SIC. PICs must complete a 61.58 Proficiency
Check within the previous 24 calendar months in a specific aircraft. A PIC may complete a
61.58 Proficiency Check in another multi-crewed aircraft of the same class within the preceding
12 calendar months under the guidelines of Part 135.293 (b). The 61.58 pilot proficiency check
will be conducted by an FAA inspector or an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner or Pilot
Proficiency Examiner, qualified in the aircraft in question. Part 135 VFR checks will be required
for both PICs and SICs. (8900.1, Volume 3, Chapter 19, Section 7, Table 3-70)

All LHFE PICs in the B-17 and B-25 will receive an annual proficiency evaluation in accordance
with the “Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating ACS.” The purpose of this training is to
ensure that the pilot group maintains the highest standards of proficiency.
After completion of the proficiency check (in accordance with Part 14 CFR 61:58/Exemption
18526) the examiner will complete FAA Form 8410-1. The original will be given to the
applicant and a copy will be placed in the airman’s file. See attachment 1, FAA Form 8410-1.
PIC and SIC Part 135 VFR checks will be documented on YAF AIRMAN VFR CHECK FORM
100 and placed in airman’s file. See attachment 2.

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 80.4.3
REVISION 1
OCTOBER 1, 2021 APPENDICES

UH-1H LHFE Pilot Requirements

• Must be a member of the Yankee Air Force.

• Each UH-1H PIC must hold at least a Commercial Pilot Certificate with Rotorcraft rating
and must have at least 1,000 total flight hours, 500 of which are in helicopter and 25
hours of Bell UH-1 helicopter time prior to becoming a PIC.
• Must possess a minimum Second Class FAA medical certificate.
• Have completed within the previous 12 calendar months, Yankee Air Force’s PIC
qualification and recurrent flight and ground training program in the UH-1H.
• Have completed within the previous 12 calendar months, Yankee Air Force's PIC
proficiency check in the UH-1H.
• Have accomplished within the previous 90 days, three takeoffs, and three landings to a
full stop in the UH-1H.
• For initial PIC qualification in a UH-1H or if the pilot has allowed his/her takeoff and
landing currency to lapse, the currency may not be accomplished during passenger-
carrying operations.

Currency and Flight Evaluations

See Attachment 3, Page 90.1.4

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.1
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.2
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.3
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.4
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.5
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.6
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.7
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.8
REVISION 1
October 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.9
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.10
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

YAF Flight Risk Self-Assessment Pilot Checklist

Question 1 Point 2 Points 3 Points Points
Age? Under 50 50-70 Over 70
Total Flight Time? Over 1500 300-1500 Under 300
Flights in last 90 More than 10 4-10 3 or less
days?
Flight hrs in this acft? More than 200 50-200 50 or less
Flights at this More than 10 4-10 3 or less
airfield?
Hrs of sleep last More than 7 5-7 5 or less
night?
Hours at the airport? Less than 8 8-10 10 or more
Stress level? Low Moderate High
Hydration/nutrition? Excellent Good Low
OAT? 65-85 degrees 32-65 or 80-100 <32 or >100
Density altitude? <1,500’ 1,500’-4000’ >4,000’
Surface winds? <10 MPH 10-15 MPH >15 MPH
Crosswind <3 MPH 3-10 MPH >10 MPH
component?
Aircraft Forgiving Moderate Demanding
characteristics?
Aircraft comfort High Moderate Low
level?
Airport activity Low Moderate Busy
tempo?
Runway length? Long Average Short
Narrow,
Smooth, wide, Wide, paved paved
Runway surface? grass level rough
Many, high
Few, some wind wind shear
Runway No obstructions shear potential potential.
approaches?
Alternate landing
options? Multiple runways Nearby airfields None
High,
Low, LHFE flight, Moderate, flyby, airshow
Flight complexity? repositioning. parades. formation.
Your
Total
<30 points – Green, 31-45 Points – Yellow, >45 Points – Red

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.11
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.12
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.13
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

 90.1.14
Original
JANUARY 1, 2021 ATTACHMENTS

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

GENERAL OPERATIONS MANUAL