THE PSBB MILLENNIUM SCHOOL

DLF Garden City, Thazhambur, Chennai-600130

HALF-YEARLY PRACTICE PAPER-I
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (043)

CLASS: 12
DATE: 10.12.24
General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper.
(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
(g) All questions are compulsory.
(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.
SECTION A
Choose the best correct answer from the given options for the following:
1) The rusting of iron takes place as follows. Calculate ΔG 0 for the net process.
2H+ + 2e- + ½ O2 → H2O(L); E0 = +1.23 V
Fe2+ + 2e- → Fe(S); E0 = - 0.44 V
(a) -322 kJmol-1 (b) -161 kJmol-1 (c) -152 kJmol-1 (d-76 kJmol-1 .
2) All natural and artificial radioactive decay of unstable nuclei take place by ___ kinetics.
(a) Zero order (b) First order (c) Second order (d) Pseudo first order
3) The atomic radii of the second and third transition series are almost the same due to __.
(a) Actinoid contraction (b) Radioactive nature
(c) Lanthanoid contraction (d) Filled d-orbital
4) The product formed in the reaction of ethyl bromide with LiAlH4 is
(a)Nitroethane (b) Ethyl nitrite (c) Ethene (d) Ethane
5) Which of the following compounds is an aromatic alcohol?

(a) A, B, and C (b) A, D (c) B, C (d) Only A

𝑯𝟐 𝑺𝑶𝟒 , 𝑯𝒈𝑺𝑶𝟒
6) CH3-C≡CH → X, the product X will not give a precipitate with ____.
(a)Tollen’s reagent (b) NaOH/I2 (c) 2,4-DNP (d) NaHSO3

7) Which of the following carboxylic acids has the highest K a value?

(a) CH3COOH (b) ClCH2COOH (c) C6H5COOH (d) CF3COOH
8) Acetamide on reacting with which of these reagents gives methanamine
(a) PCl5 (b) Sodamide (c) LiAlH4 (d) NaOH and Br2

9) All amino acids except Glycine are chiral. Most naturally occurring amino acids have the
configuration:
1
 (a) d (b) l (c) D (d) L
10) What are the factors that determine an effective collision?
(a) Translational collision and energy of activation.
(b) Threshold energy and proper orientation.
(c) Proper orientation and steric bulk of the molecule.
(d) Collision frequency, threshold energy, and proper orientation
11) The yellow-coloured chromate ion changes to an orange-coloured dichromate ion when the pH is
X and it reverses when the pH is Y. The probable values of X and Y respectively are:
(a)6 and 8 (b) 7 and 7 (c) 3 and 5 (d) 8 and 5
𝑯𝑵𝑶𝟐
12) → A, the product ‘A’ is

(a) Cyclohexanol (b) Phenol (c) Bicyclohexyl (d) Biphenyl

Each of the following questions contains an assertion followed by a reason. Read them carefully
and answer the question based on the following options. You have to select the one that best
describes the two statements.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is the correct explanation for
assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but the reason is not the correct explanation for
assertion.
c) Assertion is a correct statement but the reason is wrong.
d) Assertion is a wrong statement but the reason is a correct statement.
e) Both assertion and reason are wrong statements.

13) Assertion: KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent in acidic, basic, or neutral mediums.
Reason: It oxidises ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate.
14) Assertion: 2-Methoxy-2-methyl propane reacts with hydrogen iodide to form
methanol and 2-Iodo-2-methylpropane.
Reason: The above reaction follows the SN2 mechanism.
15) Assertion: 2-methyl propanal does not give the iodoform test.
Reason: It does not have α hydrogen.
16) Assertion: Enzymes are needed only in small quantities for the progress of a reaction.
Reason: Enzymes reduce the magnitude of activation energy.

SECTION B
17) Given below is a set of binary solutions. Classify them into solutions obeying Raoult’s law, showing
a positive deviation from Raoult’s law, and showing a negative deviation from Raoult’s law. Illustrate
the type of A-B intermolecular interaction in solution ‘Z’.
Solution Components Molecular interactions

X A-A and B-B intermolecular interactions are nearly the same as

Bromoethane and Chloroethane A-B type interactions

Y A-A and B-B intermolecular interactions are stronger than A-B

Ethanol and Acetone type interactions
A-A and B-B intermolecular interactions are weaker than A-B
Z
Chloroform and Acetone type interactions
18) Distinguish between the rate of a reaction and the rate constant.
2
19) Out of the two bromo derivatives, C6H5CH(CH3)Br and C6H5CH(C6H5)Br, which one is more reactive to
SN1 substitution and why?
20) Write the structures of A, B, C, and D in the following sequence of reaction:
𝑯𝟐 /𝑷𝒅 ,𝑩𝒂𝑺𝑶𝟒 𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯 (𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄.)
C6H5COCl → A→ B+ C

𝑪𝑯𝟑 𝑴𝒈𝑩𝒓 /𝑯𝟑 𝑶+

D
OR
Convert the following:
a) Acetophenone to benzoic acid b) 3-Nitrobromobenzeneacid to 3-Nitrobenzoic acid

21) Compare between a native protein and a denatured protein.

SECTION C
22) Observe the graph and answer the questions given below.
(a) Give the mathematical equation representing the straight line.
(b) What is its slope equal to?
(c) The 𝛬mº for sodium acetate, HCl, and NaCl are 91.0, 425.9 and 126.4 S
cm2 mol-1, respectively, at 298 K. Calculate 𝛬mº for CH3COOH.

23) a) A reaction is first order in A and second order in B.

i) Write the differential rate equation for the above reaction.
ii) How is the rate affected when the concentration of B is tripled?
b) The decomposition of hydrocarbons follow the equation k = (4.5 x 10 11s-1)e-28000K/T. Calculate Ea.
24) a)Explain the paramagnetic behaviour of [Fe(CN)6]3- using Crystal Field Theory. [ At.no.Fe=26]
b)Write the IUPAC name of the ionisation isomer of [Co(NH3)5CO3]Cl
OR
a) Write the IUPAC name of the compound K3[Al(C2O4)3].
b) Discuss the hybridisation and geometry of [NiCl4]2- using VBT.
(At.no. of Ni = 28)
25) a) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling points:

b) Complete the following sequence of reactions.

𝑯𝑩𝒓, 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒒.𝑲𝑶𝑯
(i) CH3CH=CH2 → A→ B
𝑪 𝑲𝑪𝑵 ,𝑯𝟑 𝑶+
(ii) C6H5CH3 + Cl2 → C6H5CH2Cl → D
26) (i) Account for the following observations:
(a) The boiling point of ethanol is higher than that of Chloroethane.
(b) Sodium metal may be used to remove traces of water from benzene but not from ethanol.
(ii) Identify the major product and the name of the reaction when sodium salt of phenol is heated
with CO2 at 400K and 4-7atm pressure followed by hydrolysis.
27) Predict the major products:
3
 𝑪𝑶,𝑯𝑪𝒍,𝒂𝒏𝒉.𝑨𝒍𝑪𝒍𝟑 𝑯+
a) C6H6 → b) CH3-CH=CH-CHO + NH2CONHNH2 →
𝜟
c) C6H5COOH + NH3 →
28) (i) What happens when D-glucose is treated with the following reagents?
a)HI b)Bromine water
(ii) Discuss the secondary structure of proteins.
SECTION D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and carries 4
(1+2+1) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
29) Electrochemical processes play a crucial role in both cells (biological systems) and corrosion
(metal degradation). Both cases involve cells where electrochemical reactions occur resulting in
energy production and signal transmission. Corrosion involves oxidation and reduction reactions
leading to material deterioration. Understanding these processes involves knowledge of redox
reactions, electron transfer, and the role of electrolytes in both biological and corrosion contexts.
In biological cells, electrochemical processes are fundamental for energy production. For
instance, during cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to produce energy through a series of
redox reactions involving electron transfer. The electron transport chain in mitochondria is a
notable example. On the corrosion side, metals corrode through electrochemical reactions with
their environment. Fe in the presence of water, leads to rust formation. Electrolysis, a process
utilizing electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous reactions, is another aspect. In electrolysis, a
direct current is applied to cause a chemical change. For instance, water electrolysis involves
splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen gases using electrical energy (2H 2O → 2H2 + O2). This
process is vital for hydrogen production and various industrial applications. Electrochemistry
plays a very important part in our daily life in the form of primary and secondary cells. Primary
cells like dry cell are used in torches, wall clock, mercury cell is used in hearing aids, watches.
Secondary cells like Ni-Cd cell used in cordless phones, lithium battery used in mobiles, lead
storage battery used in vehicle and inverter, and fuel cells like H 2 -O2 cell used in the apollo space
programme involves redox reactions. Understanding these provides insights into how
electrochemical principles are harnessed for various applications, from everyday devices to
renewable energy storage.
a) A mercury cell has a constant cell potential during its life. Why?
b) Write the anodic and cathodic cell reactions of a lead storage battery when it is in use.
c) Write any one method each for the prevention of corrosion using the following methods
of protection: (i) Sacrificial protection (ii) Barrier protection

30) The coordination compound [Co(H2O)6]Cl3 features cobalt (Co) at the centre, surrounded by six
water ligands. The absorption of light by this compound provides insights into the relationship
between ligands, metal ion, and colour. Water molecules as ligands, results in smaller energy
differences in the metal's d orbitals. This compound exhibits a characteristic colour due to higher
energy transitions. Cobalt in the +3-oxidation state absorbs light in the visible range due to d-d
transitions. Upon spectroscopic analysis it was found that the compound absorbs light in the red
region (around 620-750 nm) and the complementary colour, observed by the eye, is blue-green.
As per the Crystal field theory [CFT], the nature of water as ligand promotes a low spin
configuration, minimizing the energy difference between the t 2g and eg sets of orbitals.
4
 Contrastingly, the compound [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 with ammonia as ligands exhibit a different
absorption profile. The absorption is in the yellow region (around 400-520 nm) and the observed
color is violet. This case highlights the influence of ligand nature and metal ion characteristics on
the absorption of light in coordination compounds. The distinct colours observed are a result of
the specific wavelengths absorbed, providing a visual representation of the electronic transitions
within the complex.
a) The difference in the nature of water and ammonia molecules as ligands causes the difference in
the absorption of light. Identify the difference in the nature of the ligands.
b) What will be the effect of the difference in the nature of ligands on the hybridisation and spin of
[Co(H2O)6]Cl3 and [Co(NH3)6]Cl3?
c) Write the electronic configuration of the above coordination species as per CFT.

SECTION E
31) a) Why is the value of van’t Hoff factor closer to 0.5 for a solution of ethanoic acid in benzene while
it’s closer to 2 when ethanoic acid is in water? [1]
b)At 300K, 36g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98bar. If the
osmotic pressure of the solution is 1.52bar at the same temperature, what would be its
concentration? [2]
c) Give reasons for the following : [2]
(i) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water in comparison to warm water.
(ii) Sprinkling of salt helps in clearing the snow-covered roads in hilly areas.
OR
(a) Why do soda bottles kept at room temperature fizz out on opening? [1]
(b) Which colligative property is preferred for determining molar masses of macromolecular
substances like proteins and why? [1]
(c) The variation of solubility of four different gases (G1,G2,G3,G4) in a given solvent with
pressure at a constant temperature is given below. Identify the gas having the lowest K H
value. [1]

(d) 0.1mole of cane sugar was dissolved in 1Kg of water. The depression in freezing point was
found to be 0.186K. What conclusion would you draw about the molecular state of sugar?
Given KF = 1.86 K kgmol-1 [2]
32) Assign reason for each of the following: [5 x 1 = 5]
(i)Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation state of +7 among the 3d series of transition
elements.
(ii) Transition metals and their compounds are generally found to be good catalysts in chemical
reactions.
(iii) Cr2+ is reducing in nature while with the same d-orbital configuration (d4) Mn3+ is an oxidising
agent.
(iv) Zn has lowest enthalpy of atomization.
(v) Cu+ is unstable in an aqueous solution.
OR
(i) Identify the following: [2]
5
 (a) Transition metal of 3d series that exhibits only one oxidation state.
(b) Transition metal of 3d series that acts as a strong reducing agent in +2 oxidation state in
aqueous solution.
(ii) Complete and balance the following equations : [2]
𝜟
(a)Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6Fe2+ → (b) KMnO4 →
(iii) What is Misch metal? Write its use. [1]
33) a) Give reasons: [3]
(i) Aniline on nitration gives good amount of m-nitroaniline, though – NH2 group is o/p directing
in electrophilic substitution reactions.
(ii) (CH3)2 NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution.
(iii) Propanamine and N, N-dimethylmethanamine contain the same number of carbon atoms,
but Propanamine has a higher boiling point than N, N-dimethylmethanamine.
b) Give chemical tests to distinguish between Ethanamine and Aniline. [1]
c) Explain briefly Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction. [1]
OR
(i) Give the structures of A and B in the following sequence of reactions : [3]

(iv) Write the structures of main products when benzene diazonium chloride reacts with the
CH3CH2OH [1]
(iii) Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of their boiling points: [1]
Butanol, Butanamine, Butane
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