1900-1940 GREATMAN/TRAIT THEORIES 1940-1980 BEHAVIORAL THEORIES
Leaders are born, not made, or Evolved from trait theories and
trained (Great Man) KURT LEWIN (1951)
asserts that leaders are largely
Leaders can be born or made (Trait made rather than born and that WHITE AND LIDDITT (1960)
theories) particular behaviors can be learnt
to ensure effective leadership. Authoritarian leadership and Laissez
faire.
ARISTOTLE
1970 INTERACTIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORIES
•Assert that people are born to lead
Leadership behavior is generally determined
Whereas other are born to be led
HISTORICAL by the relationship between the leaders
(Greatman) DEVELOPMENT OF personality and the specific situation.
LEADER AND
•Assumes that people inherit extra- SCHEINS MODEL (1970)
MANAGEMENT
ordinary qualities (Trait). ROSABETH MOSS KANTER (1977)
Six key to leading positive changes.
NEW ERA LEADERSHIP 1990-1940 TRANSACTION
AND TRANSFORMATIONAL THEPRIES HOLLANDER (1978)
1950-1980 SITUATIONAL AND
Relies on authority to motivate employees CONTINGENCY THEORIES 3 basic elements (followers, leader,
(Transactional) situation).
Leaders encourage, inspire and motivate Focused on leadership in
particular situation, rather OUCHI (1981)
followers (Transformational)
than on the traits or behaviors Theory (1984)
of leader.
NELSON AND BURNS (1984)
