NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.

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Designation: D 1743 – 94e1 An American National Standard

Standard Test Method for

Determining Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating
Greases1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1743; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

e1 NOTE—Figure 4 was corrected editorially in May 1996.

1. Scope 3.1.2 Discussion—In this test method, corrosion is mani-

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corro- fested by red rust or black stains on the bearing race. Stains,
sion preventive properties of greases using grease-lubricated through which the underlying metal surface is still visible, are
tapered roller bearings stored under wet conditions. This test not considered corrosion in Test Method D 1743 and shall be
method is based on CRC Technique L 412 that shows correla- ignored.
tions between laboratory results and service for grease lubri- 4. Summary of Test Method
cated aircraft wheel bearings.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable inch-pound units for the 4.1 New, cleaned, and lubricated bearings are run under a
apparatus dimensions are to be regarded as standard, and the light thrust load for 60 s to distribute the lubricant in a pattern
metric conversions are provided for information only. All other that might be found in service. The bearings are exposed to
values stated in acceptable metric units are standard.
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
water, then stored for 48 h at 52 6 1°C (125 6 2°F) and 100 %
relative humidity. After cleaning, the bearing cups are exam-
ined for evidence of corrosion.
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safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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5.1 This test method differentiates the relative corrosion-
preventive capabilities of lubricating greases under the condi-
2. Referenced Documents tions of the test.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ASTM D1743-94e1
6. Apparatus
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
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(Hydrocarbon Drycleaning Solvent) 3 6.1 Bearings—Timken bearing cone and roller assembly
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water 4 LM11949, and cup LM11910.6
G 15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion 6.2 Motor, 1750-rpm speed, 1⁄4 hp.
Testing5 6.3 Bearing Holder 7 (see Fig. 1) consists of a 1-kg weight,
upper and lower plastic collars for the bearing cone (Parts A
3. Terminology and B), a metal screw, a plastic collar for the cup (Part C), and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: a plastic jar with a screw cap.
3.1.1 corrosion, n— the chemical or electrochemical reac- 6.4 Run-in Stand,7 as shown in Fig. 2.
tion between a material, usually a metal, and its environment 6.5 Spindle/Thrust Loading Device,7 as shown in Fig. 3.
that produces a deterioration of the material and its proper- (See Table 1 for metric equivalents.)
ties. G 15 6.6 Mechanical Grease Packer, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig.
5.
6.7 Pliers,8 as shown in Fig. 6.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on 6.8 Syringe, of at least 100-mL volume and with a needle of
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G on Lubricating Grease.
at least 16 gage and a minimum length of 100 mm (4 in.).
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1994. Published March 1994. Originally 6.9 Timer, capable of measuring a 60 6 3-s interval.
published as D 1743 – 60 T. Last previous edition D 1743 – 93.
2
“Research Technique for Determining Rust-Preventive Properties of Lubricat-
6
ing Greases in the Presence of Free Water,” L-41-957, undated, Coordinating Manufactured by The Timken Co., Canton, OH 44706.
7
Research Council, Inc., 219 Perimeter Center Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30346. This equipment is available from Falex Corp., 2055 Comprehensive Drive,
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Aurora, IL 60505.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. A Waldes Truarc Plier No. 4 available from Truarc Co. or similar, modified as
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02. in Fig. 6.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 D 1743

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ASTM D1743-94e1
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KEY DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

1 PISTON 1
2 O RING 1
3 WEIGHT 1
4 UPPER FLANGE 1
5 LOWER FLANGE 1
6 1⁄4 − 20 3 1-1⁄4 FILLISTER HD. MACH. SCREW S.S. 1
7 O RING 1
8 BEARING HOLDER 1
9 PLASTIC JAR 1
10 O RING 1
FIG. 1 Bearing Holder Assembly

6.10 Oven—A laboratory oven, essentially free of vibration, where such specifications are available.9 Other grades may be
capable of maintaining 52 6 1°C. used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
7. Reagents
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be 9
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
MD.

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FIG. 2 Run-in Stand Drawing

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accuracy of the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
ASTM D1743-94e1
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
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to Specification D 1193, Type III.
7.3 Isopropyl Alcohol.
NOTE 1—Warning: Flammable.
7.4 Solvent Rinse Solution of the following composition by
volume:
7.4.1 Isopropyl Alcohol, 90 %.
7.4.2 Distilled Water, 9 %.
7.4.3 Ammonium Hydroxide, 1 %.
NOTE 2—Warning: Poison. Causes burns. Vapor extremely irritating.
Can be fatal if swallowed. Harmful if inhaled.
7.5 Stoddard Solvent, as described in Specification D 235.
NOTE 3—Warning: Combustible. Vapor harmful.

8. Standardization of Thrust Loading Device

8.1 Pack a bearing, install it into the holder and place the
assembly into a plastic jar as described in 10.1 through 10.4.
Place the jar onto the base of the motor drive spindle and center
it under the indexing pin of the drive. Lower the drive until the
O ring just contacts the 1-kg weight. Run the bottom nut of the
depth gage (see Fig. 2) down to the stop. Place a 3-mm spacer
on top of this nut. Bring the top nut down to the spacer. While
holding the top nut in position, remove the spacer and run the FIG. 3 Spindle/Thrust Loading Device
bottom nut up and tighten it against the top nut. When the O

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 D 1743
TABLE 1 Metric Equivalents for Figs. 3 and 4 9.3 Transfer the bearing from the Stoddard solvent to the
Inches Millimetres solvent rinse solution (Warning—see Note 2) to remove the
⁄
1 32 0.79 Stoddard solvent and any fingerprints that are present. Then
⁄
18 3.18 rinse the bearing and slowly rotate in fresh hot (66 6 5°C)
⁄
5 32 3.97
3⁄16 4.76
solvent rinse solution.
5⁄32 7.14
5⁄16
NOTE 5—Use fresh rinse solution to avoid the selective evaporation of
7.94
3⁄8 9.53
the components at the rinse temperature.
7⁄16 11.11
1⁄2
9.4 Remove the bearing from the solvent rinse solution and
12.70
19⁄32 15.08 place on filter paper to drain. After draining, dry the bearing in
21⁄32 16.67 an oven at 71°C for 15 to 30 min.
3⁄4 19.05 9.5 Permit the bearing to cool to room temperature and
1 25.40
11⁄8 28.58 reexamine surfaces to assure that corrosion-free and free-
13⁄16 31.26 turning specimens have been selected. (Care should be taken
11⁄4 31.75 not to spin the bearings after cleaning and drying.)
111⁄32 34.13
1.495 37.973 9.6 Wash and dry the bearing packer using the same
1.500 38.100 technique as for the preparation of the bearings.
19⁄16 39.69
11⁄4 44.45
1.785 45.34 10. Procedure
115⁄16 49.21 10.1 With the reservoir of grease packer resting on a clean
1.946 49.43
27⁄32 56.36 bench top, and while wearing gloves, place bearing cup with
21⁄4 57.15 small diameter face down into the recess of the packer. Place
211⁄32 59.53
the bearing cone over the cup, and while holding the bearing
3 76.20
assembly against the packer, lift and invert the whole unit and
return it to the bench.
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ring is compressed against the 1-kg weight until the adjustment
nut hits the stop, there will be a 29-N load added, giving a total
10.2 Fill the reservoir with the grease sample, and use the
plunger to force grease through the bearing. Carefully remove

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load of 39 N on the bearing. (The loads described are provided
by the forces of the spring in the thrust loading spindle and sum
the plunger from the reservoir to avoid sucking air into the
bearing, and slide the packer unit over the edge of the bench.

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of the 1-kg weight and spring, respectively. These loads are While holding the bearing assembly in the packer, invert the
approximate. The 1-kg weights should be within 0.010 kg of unit to its original position on the bench.
their stated values. The thrust loading spindle should be 10.3 Using a small square-ended spatula, remove excess
calibrated by some suitable method when it is first put into grease from the bearing bore and the annulus between the
service, recalibrated periodically, and replaced if its ASTM spring D1743-94e1
grease packer and outer perimeter of the bearing cup. The
does not provide sufficient force to spin the test bearings bearing is removed from the packer by either use of the pliers7
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without slippage during the 60 s run to distribute the grease.) or by placing gloved index finger in the bore and lifting out.
Examine the O ring periodically and replace it if it shows any While holding the bearing, use the spatula to remove excess
cracks or other signs of deterioration. grease above the cage on both sides of the bearing. This
8.2 The thrust loading device should be standardized before procedure is done to ensure that approximately the same
use, once per day if used daily, and again if there is reason to volume of grease is used each time.
believe that the standardization has changed. The thrust load- 10.4 Using Fig. 1 as a guide, hold the packed bearing
ing device may be standardized using one of the greases to be between gloved fingers with large inside diameter of cup
tested. downward and insert the small diameter plastic flange on top of
the bore, and the larger flange into the bottom of the bore. Slide
9. Preparation of Bearings the bearing assembly onto the 1-kg weight so that the large
9.1 Examine the test bearings carefully and select only diameter flange fits into the recess on the top of the weight.
bearings that have outer races (cups) and rollers entirely free of Insert the bolt through the assembly and screw the bolt tightly
corrosion. During the bearing preparation handle the bearings into the weight. Lower the plastic bearing holder (Part 8) over
with tongs or rubber or plastic gloves. Do not touch bearings the bearing (the large O ring faces upward). Press down the
with the fingers at any time. holder so that the bearing fits squarely into the holder.
9.2 Wash the selected bearing thoroughly in hot (52 to 10.5 Invert a plastic jar over the bearing assembly. Slide the
66°C) Stoddard solvent (Warning—See Note 3) to remove the two components over the edge of the bench, and with fingers
rust preventive. Wipe the bearing cone and cup with tissue pressing the weight against the inner bottom of the jar, invert
moistened in hot solvent to remove any remaining residue. the entire assembly.
Rinse the bearing a second time in fresh, hot Stoddard solvent. 10.6 Place the jar onto the base of the motor driven spindle
NOTE 4—The washing temperatures specified are considerably above
and center under the indexing pin of the drive. Start the motor
the flash point of the Stoddard solvent. Accordingly, the washing operation and bring the drive into the center of the 1-kg weight and load
should be carried out in a well-ventilated hood where no flames or other until the nut hits the depth stop. Run for 60 s, raise the drive,
ignition sources are present. and allow the bearing to coast to a stop. Extreme care should

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 D 1743

FIG. 4 Bearing Packer Brass

be taken not to break the contact between the races and rollers 11.3.1 Spots that are easily removed by rubbing lightly with

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at this point and in the following steps. soft tissue (alone or wetted with any solvent nonreactive to rust
10.6.1 At no time during or after the 60 s run shall the or steel at room temperature) shall not be considered as
grease be redistributed or forced back into the bearing. corrosion in the rating.
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10.7 Fill a clean syringe with 100 mL of distilled water,
freshly boiled and cooled to room temperature. Fresh water 12. Report

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must be prepared for each test. With the run-in bearing in the
jar, simultaneously start a timer and begin adding the water into
the hole provided for this purpose in the bearing holder. Add
12.1 The reported result shall be the pass or fail rating as
determined by at least two of the three bearings.

the 100 mL of water within 10 6 3 s. When the timer shows 50 13. Precision and Bias 10
s start withdrawing the water. By 60 6 3 s, complete ASTMthe D1743-94e1
13.1 Due to the nature of the results, the precision of this
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withdrawal of 70 mL of water. Leave the remaining 30 mL of
test method was not obtained in accordance with
water in the jar.
RR:D02 – 1007“ Manual on Determining Precision Data for
10.8 Screw the cap on the jar and transfer to a dark oven
ASTM Methods on Petroleum Products and Lubricants.”11
essentially free from vibration for 48 h at 52 6 1°C.
13.2 Precision—The precision of this test method as deter-
10.9 Prepare three bearings with each grease to be tested.
mined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is as
Each group of three bearings is one test.
follows:
11. Rating Procedure 13.2.1 Repeatability may be judged by the fact that 94 %
of duplicate results obtained by nine laboratories with six
11.1 Remove the bearing from the test jar and place the
samples were in agreement.
bearing cup in a 50 + 50 mixture by volume of isopropyl
13.2.2 Reproducibility may be judged by the fact that nine
alcohol (Warning—see Note 1) and Stoddard solvent
laboratories matched consensus 96 % of the time with six
(Warning—see Note 3). The solvent mixture can be heated to
samples showing good or poor protection against corrosion.
facilitate the removal of the grease. Agitate vigorously to
13.3 Bias—No statement is made about the bias of this test
remove the grease. Repeat the rinsing using fresh solvent
method since the result merely states whether there is conform-
mixture or gently wipe the bearing with a clean cloth or tissue
ance to the criteria for success specified in the procedure.
to ensure that traces of grease are removed.
11.2 Transfer the bearing cup from the solvent and allow to
14. Keywords
dry on clean filter paper.
11.3 Examine the cup raceway for evidence of corrosion 14.1 bearing; corrosion; lubricating grease; rust
without the use of magnification (Section 5). Use only a pass or
fail rating. Criteria for failure shall be the presence of any
corrosion spot 1.0 mm or larger in the longest dimension. 10
A research report on the development of this test method is in preparation.
Ignore the number of spots. 11
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ASTM D1743-94e1
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KEY DESCRIPTION QUANTITY
1 GREASE PACK PLUNGER 1
2 CYLINDER 1
3 LM11900 BEARING ASSEMBLY 1
4 STUD 1
5 BASE 1
FIG. 5 Bearing Packer—Alternative