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History
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Ancient Medieval Modern
Ancient History
Archeology History
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No wftten text Written text
Stone Age 'Bronze Age
�
use of stones to make use of 'Bronze
tools and other things /_
Harappa Age J,
'Proto-historic
Written evidence
but cannot be
understood
Categorised on the basis of
stones used
Stone Age
eolithic
I C
MesoI.1t h"1c
I
Neolithic
CS Lakh 'BC-10,000 'BC) (9,000 'BC-4,000 'BC) (7,000 'BC-1000 'BC)
A'lJ (Anno 1Jomini) or
'BC ('Before Christ) C! (Common !ra)
200 'BC Jesus Christ
•!arth: 4000 Million years old
I
•4th stage ➔ Quaternary stage
\
i t
'Pleistocene Holocene
Ice Age After Ice Age
o: old; lithic: stone)
Lower/!arly 'P Middle 'Palaeolithic Upper 'Palaeolithic
• 5 Lakh 'BC-50 • 50,000-40,000 'BC • 40,000-10,000 'BC
• 'Based upon 'flake' technology • Coincided with last phase
• Main occupation: Hunting & food of 'Pleistocene
tower 1?t1laeolitmic sites:
• Soant ohan: 'Puryab
gathering
-
• Appearance of Homo
sapiens (modern man)
,,
• 'Selan Valley: Uttar 'Pradesh�Cave/'Rock shelters •r amous site: 'Bhimbetka
• 1Jidwana: 'Rqjasthan (Madhya 'Pradesh)�
• Nevasa: Maharashtra Caves/rock shelters
• Hunasagi/Hungsi: �arnataka • flint stone
• 'Pahalgam: �ashmir
• 'Patne: Maharashtra � Ostrich evidence found for the first time
Other Upper 'Palaeolithic sites:
• lnamgaon
" / Maharashtra
• NeV<AfA<A
• 1)idwana: 'Rqjasthan
Mesolithic CMeso: middle; lithic: stone)
'Basics Geographical 1)istribution icroliths
• Meaning: Late Stone Age/ • Langhnqj: Gl!jarat • Micro: small; lith:
Mesolithic/Microlithic period (1)istrict: Meh Hunters and stones
• 8000 'BC-4000 'BC • 'Bhimbetka: Eterders
• Transitional phase between 'Pradesh Cnea
'Palaeolithic and Neolithic
domestication of
• Tuticorin: Southern Tamil animals
Nadu
1-...iii•�t\"amgarh: Madhya
'Pradesh
·c CNeo: new; lithic: stone)
oducers ➔'Practiced agriculture
•7 -10,000 'BC
• 'Pottery➔To store excess food grains (black and red pottery)
• Art ➔'Bhimbetka Crock paintings of humans, birds, animals)
• Neolithic people owned property
Sites:
• Mehrgarh: 'Baluchistan (evidence of houses, crops like: wheat, barley, cotton)
• Kashmir Valley: 'Burzahom and Gufkral
'Burzahom:
> 16 km West of Srinagar
> 'Domestic dogs were buried with their masters (skeleton evidence) Tools and weapons made of
> 'People lived on a lake side in pits
Gufkral:
> It is also known as 'eave of potters' (41 km Southwest of Srinagar)
"l Agriculture and domestication of animals
• 'Bihar: Chirand ('Bone tools)
• Karnataka: Sanganakallu, 'Brahmagiri, Maski, 'Piklihal, Hallur➔Millet cultivation
• Uttar 'Pradesh: Allahabad➔ Cultivation of rice
• Andhra 'Pradesh:
:> Around 'Shima, Krishna and Tungabadra rivers
>'Budihal
> Utnur: earliest site
> Nagatjunakonda
• Tamil Nadu: 'Paiyampalli and Kav
• 'Selan Valley: Koldihwa a a ion of 'Rice in 7000 'BC)
• Garo Hills in Meghalaya Cu mines
• 'Daqjali Hading: As re) Khetri mines ('RJ)
• Catal Huyuk: human protoeities) Malqjkhand (M'P)
• 'Peorlle lived in rural communities
-
rtarliest • Ganeshwar ('Rqjasthan)
� ., Tools made of copper obtained
• South-eastern 'Rqjasthan: Ahar and Gilund (near 'Banas Valley)
• Iastern India: Chirand (Ganga), 'Burdwan district, Midnapore district
• Western Madhya 'Pradesh: Malwa (Narmada), Kayatha (Kalisindh), Iran
• Western Maharashtra: Jorwe (first) ➔'Parvara (Godavari)
• Svalda (T apti river)
Under Jorwe:
• Nevasa
• 1Jaimabad (largest site)
• Chandoli
• lnamgaon
• Nasik
• Navdatoli (Narmada)
'Burial Habits:
• They practiced 'Urn' burial
• 'l)id not know about horses and burnt bricks
'Pottery:
• 'Black and red
• Ochre coloured pottery
One liners (from MCQs)
ice ev ence: Koldihwa (Uttar 'Pradesh)
• The s ull of Homo erectus was found in: Hathnora (Madhya 'Pradesh near Narmada)
• Gauri Gun 1Jam (site): Telangana
INfltJS '1l\ttI� Cl'11t1Zl\IION
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