Senior High School

Practical Research I
Quarter 2 - Module 8
Listing References
 COPYRIGHT 2021

Section 9 of the Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copy shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall
be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

The original version of this material has been developed in the Schools Division of Surigao del
Norte through the Learning Resource Management and Development Section of the Curriculum
Implementation Division. This material can be reproduced for educational purposes; modified for the
purpose of translation into another language; and creating of an edited version and enhancement of
work are permitted, provided all original work of the author and illustrator must be acknowledged and
the copyright must be attributed. No work may be derived from any part of this material for commercial
purposes and profit.
This material has been approved and published for online distribution through the Learning
Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS) Portal (http://lrmds.deped.gov.ph) and
Division Network Academy (https://netacadsdn.com).

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mary Ann Ranay - Ortiz

Editors: Jordan D. Buhion, Janice B. Ocon
Reviewers: Marisol Moleta - Galido, Cecilia M. Saclolo, Noel D. Pecato
Illustrators: Danilo L. Galve, Stephen B. Gorgonio, Judelyn B. Buhion
Layout Artists: Ivan Paul V. Damalerio, Alberto S. Elcullada, Jr., Nilson B. Ocon
Management Team: Ma. Teresa M. Real
Laila F. Danaque
Dominico P. Larong, Jr.
Gemma C. Pullos
Manuel L. Limjoco, Jr.

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Office Address: Peñaranda St., Surigao City

Tel. No.: (086) 826-8216
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 Senior High School

Practical Research I
Quarter 2- Module 8
Listing References
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to Practical Research I Self Learning Module on Listing References.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help

you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to Practical Research I Self Learning Module on Listing References.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled
to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
CONTENT STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding
of techniques in listing references in a
research paper.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner shall be able to cite and list

references using different styles.

LEARNING COMPETENCY The learner draws conclusions from patterns

and themes, formulates recommendations
based on conclusion and list references.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students are

expected to:
1. Distinguish the difference between APA and
MLA referencing styles and carry out the
proper referencing of his/her research paper;

2. Examine existing materials based on the

application of referencing rules and decide
on its appropriateness; and

3. Express honesty and gratefulness to owners

of ideas included in his/her paper by
documenting their contributions properly
through standard forms of citation.

1
INTRODUCTION

Did you ever give credit to people for the things that they did for you? How did
you feel after realizing that their contributions helped you a lot? It always feels good
when there are people whom you can count on and it is just right that we give credits
to them by mentioning them to our readers whether it is online or on paper. In this
module, you will learn how you can properly give credit to them especially in academic
writing like a research paper. Explore and enjoy the activities prepared for you in this
module. You will surely be able to learn in no time!

PRE-TEST

Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully then encircle the letter of
the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is the benefit of using citation and appropriate style in
referencing your research?
A. to avoid charges of plagiarism
B. to let your reader know that you are working within the academic tradition
C. to provide hard evidence or expert witnesses to support your argument
D. all of the above

2. It is a referencing style often used in literature, history and arts.

A. APA
B. Harvardian
C. MLA
D. Vancouver

3. A referencing style wherein citations or in-text citations only require the

presence of the family name of the author plus the number of the page where
the information is found.
A. APA
B. Harvardian
C. MLA
D. Vancouver

4. This means directing your readers to the exact sources of data or information
stated in your report, particularly those stated in the review of related literature.
A. Sharing information
B. Referencing your research
C. Sharing findings to readers
D. Stating your analysis of the findings

2
5. This style is often used by researchers in the field of natural science and social
sciences.
A. APA
B. Harvardian
C. MLA
D. Vancouver

6. Which is the correct order of book information in the APA style?

A. Full author’s name, date of publication, title, place of publication and the
publisher
B. Full author’s name, title, date of publication, place of publication and the
publisher
C. Full author’s name, title, place of publication, date of publication and the
publisher
D. Full author’s name, publisher, title, date of publication, place of
publication.

7. Every entry written in the References should end with a _______________.

A. Colon
B. Comma
C. Period
D. Semi-colon

8. Authors use this to economize space, time and effort of the artist and to make
the paper appear more physically presentable.
A. Discursive notes
B. Endnotes
C. Footnotes
D. Notes

9. What are the two most commonly-used referencing styles?

A. APA and Harvardian
B. APA and MLA
C. Harvardian and Vancouver
D. MLA and Harvardian

10. What does MLA stand for?

A. Modern Literature Association
B. Modern Language Association
C. Modern Literature Appreciation
D. Modern Language Appreciation

3
11. Which general statement about referencing styles is TRUE?
A. The page number immediately comes after the author’s name under the
APA system.
B. Through the APA system, abbreviations are commonly used in
documenting data.
C. In APA and MLA styles, the items in the Bibliography and References
are arranged alphabetically.
D. The MLA style gives only brief information in the text citation, but gives
full biographical details in the reference list.

12. Paras, Beth M. The Philippine Eagle. (Adarna Publishing House. Manila: 2016)
is an example of __________________.
A. APA style
B. Harvardian style
C. MLA style
D. Vancouver style

13. The following statements are TRUE about MLA referencing style, EXCEPT:
A. No need to number the items in the Bibliography.
B. Abbreviations are commonly used in documenting data.
C. It gives only brief information in the text citation, but gives full
biographical details in the reference list.
D. Write only the family name of the author and the number of the page
where the information is found in citations.

14. Why is APA style so important?

A. It is easy to use.
B. It has simple format to follow.
C. It provides clarity to papers on often complex topics.
D. It provides format which makes complex papers easy to understand.

15. Can interviews be considered as a reliable source of information?

A. No. It sometimes contains bias information.
B. No. It does not belong to the list of reliable sources.
C. Yes, if the person being interviewed is also reliable.
D. Yes and they are best cited in texts or notes however, it is not necessary
to include them in bibliography.

4
REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

On the previous lesson, you have learned how to draw conclusions and give
recommendations. You were able to come up with a good conclusion which comes
from your sensory experience. Great job!

PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE

This is the last part of your research paper where readers will be assured of the
truthfulness of the information that you share in your paper. Here’s a bit of what you
should remember in accomplishing this part:
• Follow a standard documentary style.
• Alphabetize, identify, and list down in this section all sources of knowledge
you used in carrying out your study.

“Be extra attentive to every activity and information shared in this module. Do
this and your paper will surely be error-free!”

ACTIVITY

Directions: The following are pieces of information about a reading material. Examine
each set of data. If each group is correctly written, put a check (✓) mark;
otherwise, rewrite the whole group correctly. Write your answers on the
space provided.

1. Regalado, Willy P. Electrical Gadgets, 4th edition: 2017. Manila Publishing House.
___________________________________________________________________

2. Miranda, Elena F. “Philippine Board Licensure Exams” Baguio Chronicle, Baguio

City: Pines City Press, Vol. XXII, pp. 30-37, 7 November 2016.
___________________________________________________________________

3. Legarda, O. P. 2016. The essence of being an environmentalist. Manila: Rex

Publishing Company.
___________________________________________________________________

4. Rimando, H. M. Communicative Competence vs Linguistic Competence. Pasig City:

SM Publications, 2017.
___________________________________________________________________

5. Alacala, N. A., Banez, V. L., Paras, J. P., Lizardo, B. O., and Lim, D. C. People’s
retirement period. Quezon City: UST Publishing House.2017.
___________________________________________________________________

5
ANALYSIS

Directions: Answer the questions below. Don’t forget to analyze first and read the
questions twice before answering. Good luck!

The teacher will rate your answers using the following rubric:
5 4 3 2 1
Cited evidence, Cited some Cited some Most parts of the Did not explain or
explained, and evidence, some evidence, most answer do not expand the
expanded idea/s parts of the parts of the have evidence answer.
beyond simply answer are left answer are left from the text and
answering the unexplained. unexplained. are left
question. unexplained.

1. Why do you need to cite the sources of information you used in your paper?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Do you need to follow set of rules in writing the sources? Why or why not?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

ABSTRACTION

Referencing Your Research

Referencing your research means directing your readers to the exact source of
data or information stated in your report, particularly those stated in the review of
related literature. This is simple for you if you begin to practice a systematic, reliable,
and complete documentation of the identities of data sources the moment you collect
data. Unconscious of your study being correctly referenced, the readers doubt the
validity of the contents of your research paper. There are several styles of referencing
your research, namely, Hardvardian, Vancouver, Turibian, APA, and MLA. (Silverman
2013; Litchman 2013; Tracy 2013)
Many prefer using the styles of MLA and APA. The following are the important
things about these widely used referencing styles that you have to remember.

6
MLA Style
MLA stands for the Modern Language Association and has a different name,
the Humanities style. In literature, history, and the arts, this referencing form is also
used. It provides a bibliographical guide to notes corresponding to the reference
number in the body of the text. When they are printed at the back of the book, at the
end of a chapter, or at the end of an article in a journal, these notes are called
footnotes. Instead of footnotes, some writers tend to use endnotes to save the artist's
space, time and effort and make the paper appear more physically presentable.
• The items in the bibliography are organized alphabetically under the MLA
system. It's not important for you to number them. Write the book details in this
order for a bibliographical entry: full author's surname and first name( optional
middle name initial), title of the book or newspaper, place of publication,
publisher, and date of publication.
• For an entry under this structure, use the following punctuation marks: period
after the name and title of the author; column after the place of publication;
comma after the publisher and after the volume and number if it is a periodic
material. End each entry with a period. Underline or italicize the title with all the
words of the text capitalized in such a title. Enclose the article's title with
quotation marks for periodicals, but leave the journal's title unmarked.
• Under the MLA scheme, citations or in-text citations simply include the
presence of the author's family name plus the number of the page where the
data is contained. The page number comes immediately after the name of the
author; there is only one space given to distinguish the two.
• Number the notes consecutively from number 1 in each chapter or article by
using footnotes or notes. At the end of the sentence, of a clause, and right after
a quote, place the note number.

Examples of End Notes

1. p.20 3.89 Fredo Gomez, Language and Culture, in “On Intercultural
Competence, “p.68.
2. p.20 3.24 Helen Smith, The 21st Century Movies trans. William Burns. New
York: Vintage House 2016, p. 356.
• Notes consisting of explanations or elaborations of the discussions in the text
are called substantive or discursive notes.

Examples of Substantive or Discursive Notes

1. The CAS of U.P. Diliman has a different version of K-12 Curriculum. (Jaime
Tamayo. Globalization vs K-12 Curriculum. Quezon City: U.P. Press, 2016,
pp.56-65) Find an expanded discussion of this in (Luis Hizon. Changes in the
Philippine Educational System. Manila: Abaya Publishing Co. 2017, pp. 78-90)
2. Documentary evidence of the continuous increase of the country’s rice
importation in 10 years is shown in (Ana Perez and Norma Pascual. The
Perennial Rice Shortage. Baguio City: St. Louis Press, 2017, pp. 38-45)

7
Examples of MLA Referencing Style
1. Citation or In-text Citation
(Lizardo 257)
(Decena, Obeza, Jurado 120-130)
(Fortun et al. 234-250)
(Gregorio: 1:56-80)
2. Documentary Notes (the first name precedes the family name of the
author)
Josie Cruz, G. Mt. Pinatubo Quezon City: GB Press. 2016.
Manolo De Guzman. Naming of Typhoons.
3. Bibliography/References
One Author
Cruz, Josie A. Mt. Pinatubo Lahar. (Quezon City: GB Press. 2016).
Two Authors
Oteza, Nina C. and David, Jose L. Climate Change. (Baguio City:KLM Co.
2018).
Reyes, Mario R. and Cortez, Josie M. Collegiate Athletic Competitions. (Manila:
National Bookstore, 2016).
Three Authors (List the names in the order they appear on the title page)
Ramos, Celso A., Bautista, Cora C. and Vinluan, Gloria F. Energy-giving Foods.
(Pasay City: ABC Press. 2016)
Three or More Authors (Use the first name in the list)
Samson, Esther N. et al. Philippine Trial Courts. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore,
2016)
Anonymous Authors (If the authorship of a work is known but not revealed on
the title page, the name is given in brackets.)
[Evelyn Vargas]. The Bubble Gang. (Nowhere: Nonesuch Press, 2016).
- (If the identity of the author is guessed, a question mark follows the name
before the closing bracket)
[Evelyn Vargas?] The Bubble Gang. (Nowhere: Nonesuch Press, 2016)

Online Materials
1. Signed Article in a Magazine
Davis, Robert. “Email Craze.” Interactions. July 2016.
http://www.inter.com/Jol/labor.htm/.
2. Unsigned Article in a Magazine
“Power Interview.” Business Trends Magazine. August 2016.
http://www.BusTRendscom/BusTrends/Trends /ctshoot.html.

APA Style
Author-Date Style is the other name of APA (American Psychological
Association). This is also used in the field of natural sciences and social sciences by
scholars. Space and time are used by the APA style; MLA, not much. However,
nowadays, for economic reasons, more and more researchers tend to use the APA
style, regardless of their field of specialization.
There are two basic parts of the APA referencing style: in-text citation or citation
and reference list. The first part is enclosed in parentheses and is found in the body of

8
the text; the second part is at the end of the book. The APA style provides only brief
information in the document citation, but gives full biographical details in the reference
list, unlike the MLA style that gives complete biographical information in the footnotes
or endnotes. The items are arranged alphabetically in the references.
• It’s not important for you to number them.
• Write the book details in this order for each entry under the title: complete
author's surname and first and middle name initials (optional initial of the middle
name), date of publication, title of the book or newspaper, place of publication,
and publisher. If there are multiple entries written by the same person, use the
3 em dash instead of the first name to prevent repetition of names.
• For each entry under the APA scheme, use the following punctuation marks:
period after the name and title of the author; colon after the place of publication;
comma after the publisher and after the volume and number if it is a periodic
material. End each entry with a period. Italicize the title and only the initial word
of the title is capitalized. All words in the title are written in small letters, unless
a word in the title is a proper noun.
• Under the APA system, citations or in-text citations let you write only the
author's family name within the parentheses; followed by the year of publication
and whether any words were copied verbatim; next is the number of the page
where the author's copied words are found.

Examples of APA Referencing Style

1. Citation or In-text Citation
(Lizardo, 2016) (Millares, 2017)
(Decena, Obeza, Jurado, 2016, pp. 120-130)
(Fortun et al., 2016)
According to Gregorio (2017)
Olivares (2016) maintains that…
A study on the Yolanda Test House is a “doable research work”
2. Bibliography (References)
One Author
Fajardo, J. A. 2016. The Ebola Virus. Quezon City: GB Press.
Perez, B. M. 2017. The Philippine Constitution: The highest law of the land.
Manila: Adarna Publishing House.
Two Authors
Oropesa, N.C. and David, J.L. 2017. Palawan penal colony. Baguio City: KLM
Company.
Reynoso, M. R. and Saballa, J. M. 2017. Academic freedom. Manila: National
Bookstore
Three Authors (List the names in the order they appear on the title page.)
Revilla, C. A., Bautista, C. C., and Vinuya, G. F. 2017. Boy scout jamborees.
Pasay City: ABC Press.
Three or More Authors (Use the name of the first author listed on the title
page.)
Sonora, E. N. et al. 2016. Regional trial courts. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore.
Sevilla, V. et al. 2016. Labour strikes. Pasig City: Hope Press.

9
 Anonymous Author (If the authorship of a work is known but not revealed on
the title page, the name is given in brackets.)
[Valerio, E.]. The millennium condominium craze. 2016. Nowhere: Nonesuc
Press
(If the authorship of a work is guessed, a question mark follows the name before
the closing brackets.)
[Valerio, E.?] The millennium condominium craze. 2016. Nowhere: Nonesuc
Press

Online Materials
1. Signed article in a magazine
Duterte, R. July 2016. “Social-media networks.” Personality growth.
http://www.inter.com/Jol/labor.htm/.
2. Unsigned article in a magazine
“Unstructured interview. August 2016.” Business Trends Magazine.
http://www.BusTRendscom/Bus Trends/Trends/ctshoot.htmlz

APPLICATION

Directions: Using the set of data below, write an entry to the reference list with the
specified referencing style for each item (APA or MLA). Write your
answers on the space provided.
Ex:
MLA: Dela Cruz, Anna L. Climate Change. (Makati City: JL Press. 2018)
APA: Dela Cruz, Anna L. 2018. Climate Change. Makati Ciy: JL Press

1. Title: The Varsitarian

Article: Being a Political Science Student
Author: Daffodil B. Garra
Publisher: UST Publishing House
Volume: 38
Pub. Date: May 2, 2017
Pub. Place: Manila
Answer:(MLA)
________________________________________________________________

2. Title: Proposal Reports

Author: Engr. Jose M. Cruz
Pub. Place: Quezon City
Pub. Date: 2017
Publisher: Rex Bookstore, Inc.
Answer:(APA)
________________________________________________________________

10
 3. Publisher: ABC Press
Pub. Date: June 20, 2017
Author: Betty K. Nubla
Pub. Place: Baguio City
Title of the Article: Writing Methods and Styles
Pages: 3-8
Magazine: Panorama
Answer:(APA)
________________________________________________________________

4. Title of the Article: K-12 Curriculum

Date: August 27, 2016
URL: http://jerz.setonhill.edu/resources/FAq/TW.htm
Magazine: Education Journal
Author: Filipinas B. Cruz
Retrieval Date: April 8, 2017
Answer:(APA)
________________________________________________________________

5. Date: 2018
Publisher: U.P. Press
Author: Dr. Hilario V. David
Pub. Place: Quezon City
Title: Long-distance Education
Answer:(MLA)
_________________________________________________________________

POST-TEST

Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully then encircle the letter of
the correct answer.

1. Which is the correct order of book information in the APA style?

A. Full author’s name, date of publication, title, place of publication and the
publisher
B. Full author’s name, title, date of publication, place of publication and the
publisher
C. Full author’s name, title, place of publication, date of publication and the
publisher
D. Full author’s name, publisher, title, date of publication, place of
publication.

11
2. Every entry written in the References should end with a _______________.
A. Colon
B. Comma
C. Period
D. Semi-colon

3. Authors use this to economize space, time and effort of the artist and to make
the paper appear more physically presentable.
A. Discursive notes
B. Endnotes
C. Footnotes
D. Notes

4. What are the two most commonly-used referencing styles?

A. APA and Harvardian
B. APA and MLA
C. Harvardian and Vancouver
D. MLA and Harvardian

5. What does MLA stand for?

A. Modern Literature Association
B. Modern Language Association
C. Modern Literature Appreciation
D. Modern Language Appreciation

6. Which of the following is the benefit of using citation and the appropriate style
in referencing your research?
A. to avoid charges of plagiarism
B. to let your reader know that you are working within the academic tradition
C. to provide hard evidence or expert witnesses to support your argument
D. all of the above

7. It is a referencing style often used in literature, history, and arts.

A. APA
B. Harvardian
C. MLA
D. Vancouver

8. A referencing style wherein citations or in-text citations only require the

presence of the family name of the author plus the number of the page where
the information is found.
A. APA
B. Harvardian
C. MLA
D. Vancouver

12
9. This means directing your readers to the exact sources of data or information
stated in your report, particularly those stated in the review of related literature.
A. Sharing information
B. Referencing your research
C. Sharing findings to readers
D. Stating your analysis of the findings

10. This style is often used by researchers in the field of natural science and social
sciences.
A. APA
B. Harvardian
C. MLA
D. Vancouver

11. Paras, Beth M. The Philippine Eagle. (Adarna Publishing House. Manila: 2016)
is an example of __________________.
A. APA style
B. Harvardian style
C. MLA style
D. Vancouver style

12. The following statements are TRUE about MLA referencing style, EXCEPT :
A. No need to number the items in the Bibliography.
B. Abbreviations are commonly used in documenting data.
C. It gives only brief information in the text citation, but gives full
biographical details in the reference list.
D. Write only the family name of the author and the number of the page
where the information is found in citations.

13. Which general statement about referencing styles is TRUE?

A. The page number immediately comes after the author’s name under the
APA system.
B. Through the APA system, abbreviations are commonly used in
documenting data.
C. In APA and MLA styles, the items in the Bibliography and References
are arranged alphabetically.
D. The MLA style gives only brief information in the text citation, but gives
full biographical details in the reference list.

13
14. Can interviews be considered as a reliable source of information?
A. No. It sometimes contains bias information.
B. No. It does not belong to the list of reliable sources.
C. Yes, if the person being interviewed is also reliable.
D. Yes and they are best cited in texts or notes however, it is not necessary
to include them in bibliography.

15. Why is APA style so important?

A. It is easy to use.
B. It has simple format to follow.
C. It provides clarity to papers on often complex topics.
D. It provides format which makes complex papers easy to understand.

14
 15
ANALYSIS (To be rated according to the rubric) POST-TEST
1. A
1. Answers may vary.
2. A
2. Answers may vary.
3. D
4. B
5. B
APPLICATION 6. A
1. Garra, Daffodil B. The Varsitarian: Being a Political 7. A
Science Student. Manila: UST Publishing House, 8. A
Volume 38, May 2, 2017. 9. A
2. Cruz, Engr. Jose M. 2017. Proposal Reports. 10. A
Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, Inc. 11. A
3. Nubla, Betty K. June 20, 2017. "Writing Methods 12. C
and Styles", Panorama. Baguio City: ABC Press, 13. A
pp. 3-8. 14. A
4. Cruz, Filipinas B. August 27, 2016. "K-12 15. D
Curriculum." Education Journal.
http://jerz.setonhill.edu/resources/FAq/TW.htm. PRE-TEST
5. David, Dr. Hilario V. 2018. Long-distance
Education, Quezon City: UP Press 1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
ACTIVITY 5. A
1. Regalado, Willy P. Electrical Gadgets, 4th edition. 6. A
Manila Publishing House: 2017 7. A
2.  8. D
3.  9. B
4.  10. B
5. Alacala, N. A. et al. 2017. People's Retirement 11. A
Period. Quezon City: UST Publishing House 12. A
13. C
14. D
15. A
ANSWER KEY
REFERENCES

Baraceros, E. L. 2016. Practical Research 1 Kto12 First Edition, Quezon City:

Rex Printing Company.

https://academicintegrity.uoguelph.ca/plagiarism/quiz-citation-and-referencing

16
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: [email protected]

17