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Handbook of
PULMONARY AND CRITICAL
CARE MEDICINE
Handbook of
PULMONARY AND CRITICAL
CARE MEDICINE
Second Edition

Editor-in-Chief
SK Jindal MD FAMS FNCCP FICS FCCP
Emeritus Professor (Pulmonary Medicine)
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
Chandigarh, India
Medical Director
Jindal Clinics, Chandigarh

Foreword
Randeep Guleria

JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS


The Health Sciences Publisher
New Delhi | London | Panama
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd

Headquarters
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj
New Delhi 110 002, India
Phone: +91-11-43574357
Fax: +91-11-43574314
Email: [email protected]

Overseas Offices
J.P. Medical Ltd Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc
83 Victoria Street, London City of Knowledge, Bld. 235, 2nd Floor
SW1H 0HW (UK) Clayton, Panama City, Panama
Phone: +44 20 3170 8910 Phone: +1 507-301-0496
Fax: +44 (0)20 3008 6180 Fax: +1 507-301-0499
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: +977-9741283608
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com
Website: www.jaypeedigital.com
© 2019, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/
author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior permission in writing of the publishers.
All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks,
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated
with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate,
authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised
to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information
from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose,
formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the
responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher
nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property
arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing
professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a
competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain
permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the
publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. The
CD/DVD-ROM (if any) provided in the sealed envelope with this book is complimentary and
free of cost. Not meant for sale.
Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected]
Handbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
First Edition: 2012
Second Edition: 2019
ISBN 978-93-5270-615-0
Dedicated to
The memories of my parents who made a doctor out of me, Dr SK Malik who
handed over the reins to me and Dr Dheeraj Gupta, a trusted colleague and friend
who tirelessly helped in shaping this specialty.
Contributors

AG Ghoshal MD DNB FCCP Ajmal Khan MD DM


Director Assistant Professor
National Allergy Asthma Bronchitis Institute Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Kolkata, West Bengal, India Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute
of Medical Education and Research
AK Janmeja MD Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Former Professor and Head
Department of Pulmonary Medicine Alladi Mohan MD
Government Medical College Chief
Chandigarh, India Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine
AN Aggarwal MD DM Professor and Head
Professor and Head Department of Medicine
Department of Pulmonary Medicine Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
Education and Research Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
Chandigarh, India
Amanjit Bal MD DNB MAMS
Abha Chandra MD Additional Professor
Professor and Head Department of Histopathology
Department of Cardiothoracic and Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Vascular Surgery Education and Research
Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Chandigarh, India
Sciences
Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India Arjun Srinivasan MD DM
Pulomonary and Critical Care Medicine
Abinash Singh Paul MD DM Kovai Medical Center and Hospital (KMCH)
Consultant Pulmonologist Specialty Hospital
Life Line Hospital Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Dubai, UAE
Arun S Shet MD
Aditya Jindal DNB DM FCCP Department of Medical Oncology
Consultant Interventional Pulmonology St John’s National Academy of Health
and Intensivist Sciences
Jindal Clinics, Chandigarh, India Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Ajay Handa MD DNB DM FCCP FAPS Arunabh Talwar MD FCCP
Senior Advisor (Medicine and Pulmonary Department of Pulmonary
Medicine) Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Professor of Internal Medicine North Shore University Hospital
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Manhasset, New York
Sciences (RGUHS), Bengaluru Professor of Medicine
Command Hospital Air Force Hofstra North Shore- LIJ School of Medicine
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India New Hyde Park, New York, USA
viii Handbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Arunaloke Chakrabarti MD Bharat Bhushan Sharma MD


Professor and Head Assistant Professor
Department of Medical Microbiology Pulmonary and Allergy Division
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sawai Man Singh (SMS) Medical College
Educationand and Research Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Chandigarh, India
Bill Brashier DTCD
Arvind H Kate MD Former Head
Institute of Pulmonology Academic Clinical and Molecular Research
Medical Research and Development Chest Research Foundation
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Pune, Maharashtra, India

Ashim Das MD
C Ravindran MD DTCD MBA
Professor and Head
Professor
Pulmonary Medicine
Department of Histopathology
DM Wayanad lnstitute of Medical Sciences
Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Calicut, Kerala, India
Education and Research
Chandigarh, India Carmen Luraschi-Monjagatta MD
University of Southern California
Ashok Shah MD Keck School of Medicine of USC
Former Director Professor Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Pulmonary Medicine,
Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute Chandramani Panjabi MD
New Delhi, India Head, Respiratory Medicine
Mata Chanan Devi Hospital
Atul C Mehta MBBS FACP FCCP New Delhi, India
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Charles Feldman MB BCh PhD DSc
Cleveland Clinic
Department of Internal Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
University of the Witwatersrand Medical
B Vijayalakshmi Devi MD School
Additional Professor Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
Department of Radiodiagnosis Charles Peng MD
Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
Sciences Medicine Fellow
Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India Pulmonary Hypertension Center
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Baishakhi Ghosh MD
Mount Sinai Beth Israel
Research Student
New York City, New York, USA
Chest Research Foundation, Pune
Research Scholar D Behera MD FCCP
Symbiosis International University Professor
Pune, Maharashtra, India Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Balamugesh T MD DM FCCP Education and Research
Professor Chandigarh, India
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Christian Medical College D Robert McCaffree
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India MD MSHA Master FCCP
Regents’ Professor of Medicine Pulmonary
Basil Varkey MD FRCP FCCP Disease and Critical Care Section
Professor Emeritus of Medicine University of Oklahoma
Medical College of Wisconsin Health Science Center
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
Contributors ix
Daniel E Banks MD MS G Gaude MD
Professor Professor and Head
Department of Medicine Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Uniformed Services University of Health Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College
Sciences Belgaum, Karnataka, India
Bethesda, Maryland, USA GA D’Souza MD
Professor and Head
David Honeybourne MD
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Consultant Physician and Clinical Director St John’s Medical College
Honorary Clinical Reader in Respiratory Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Medicine and Biological Sciences
Department of Respiratory Medicine GC Khilnani MD
Birmingham Heartlands Hospital Professor
Birmingham, UK Department of Pulmonary, Critical care
and Sleep Medicine
Deepak Aggarwal MD All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Assistant Professor New Delhi, India
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Gaurav Prakash MD DM
Government Medical College Associate Professor
Chandigarh, India Bone Marrow Transplantation
Devasahayam J Christopher Department of Internal Medicine
MD FCCP FRCP Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Professor and Head Education and Research
Chandigarh, India
Department of Respiratory Medicine
Christian Medical College Gautam Ahluwalia MD FAPS FICP FIACM
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Professor
Department of Medicine
Dheeraj Gupta MD DM Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
Former Professor Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Girish Raju MD
Department of Medical Oncology
Education and Research
St John’s National Academy of Health
Chandigarh, India Sciences
Dhruva Chaudhry MD DM Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Professor and Head Gwen Skloot MD
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Associate Professor of Medicine
Care Medicine Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Pt Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate New York City, New York, USA
Institute of Medical Sciences
Gyanendra Agrawal MD DM
Rohtak, Haryana, India Consultant Pulmonologist
Dilip V Maydeo MD Jaypee Group of Hospitals
Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Professor of TB and Respiratory Diseases
KJ Somaiya Medical College H Shigemitsu MD FCCP
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Professor of Medicine
Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical
Dinkar Bhasin MD Care Medicine
Deaprtment of Medicine Fellowship Program Director
All India Institute of Medical Sciences University of Nevada, School of Medicine
New Delhi, India Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
x Handbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Harakh V Dedhia MBBS Kalpalatha K Guntupalli


Former Professor of Medicine MD FCCP FCCM MACP
Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Professor of Medicine
Medicine Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
West Virginia University School of Medicine Medicine
Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas, USA
Inderpaul Singh Sehgal MD DM
Assistant Professor Karakontaki F MD
Department of Pulmonary Medicine Sismanoglio General Hospital
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Athens, Greece
Education and Research
Karan Madan MD DM
Chandigarh, India Assistant Professor
Indu Verma PhD Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care
Professor and Sleep Medicine
Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Postgraduate Institute of Medical New Delhi, India
Education and Research Kripesh Ranjan Sarmah MD MNAMS
Chandigarh, India Assistant Professor
Javid Ahmad Malik MD DM FCCP Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Additional Professor and Head Guwahati Medical College
Department of Pulmonary Medicine Guwahati, Assam, India
SKIMS Medical College Krishna K Singh PhD
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Senior Technical Team Lead
Jaydeep Odhwani Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics
BJ Medical College Tarrytown, New York, USA
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Kumar Utsav MD
Jean I Keddissi MD
BJ Medical College
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Professor of Medicine
Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Lakhbir K Dhaliwal MD
Section Former Professor and Head
University of Oklahoma Health Science Department of Obstetrics and
Center Gynecology
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Education and Research
Jeba S Jenifer MD Dip Pal Med
Chandigarh
Associate Professor
Palliative Care Unit Lakshmi Mudambi MD
Christian Medical College Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas, USA
Jyothi E MD DTCD
Assistant Professor Liesel D’silva MD DETRD
Department of Pulmonary Medicine Senior Medical Advisor
Government Medical College Specialist in Respiratory Medicine
Kozhikode, Kerala, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Contributors xi
Liziamma George MD FCCP Navneet Singh MD DM FACP FCCP FICS
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine Additional Professor
Weill Medical College Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit Postgraduate Institute of Medical
New York Methodist Hospital Education and Research
Brooklyn, New York, USA Chandigarh, India
Madhur Kalyan MSc Ngozi Orjioke MD
Senior Research Fellow
University of Southern California
Department of Biochemistry
School of Medicine
Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Los Angeles, California, USA
Education and Research
Chandigarh, India Nikhil C Sarangdhar MBBS
Malay Sarkar MD Assistant Professor
Professor Department of TB and Respiratory Diseases
Department of Pulmonary Medicine KJ Somaiya Medical College
Indira Gandhi Medical College Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
Nikhil Gupta MD
Mamta Kalra PhD Assistant Professor
Senior Scientist Immatics US Inc Department of Medicine
Houston, Texas, USA Era’s Lucknow Medical College
Manabu Nonaka MD Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Nippon Medical School Nusrat Shafiq MD DM
Tokyo, Japan Additional Professor
Mark Astiz MD Department of Pharmacology
Weil Medical College, New York Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Methodist Hospital Education and Research
Brooklyn, New York, USA Chandigarh, India

Miyuki Hayashi MD Om P Sharma MD


Nippon Medical School Former Professor of Medicine
Tokyo, Japan Keck School of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Monica Barne MBBS
Medicine
Chest Research Foundation
Pune, Maharashtra, India University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California, USA
N Goel MD
Assistant Professor P Baruwa MD
Department of Pulmonary Medicine Senior Consultant
Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine
University of Delhi Gauhati, Assam, India
New Delhi, India
PR Mohapatra MD
Nagarjuna V Maturu MD DM Professor and Head
Pulmonologist and Somnologist Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Yashoda Hospitals All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Hyderabad, Telangana, India Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
xii Handbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

PS Shankar MD FRCP FAMS DSc DLitt Pralay Sarkar MD DM


Emeritus Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Department of Pulmonary and Critical
Sciences, Bengaluru Care Medicine
SMV Medical College, Puducherry Baylor College of Medicine
KBN Institute of Medical Sciences Houston, Texas, USA
Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India Prashant Chhajed MD DNB
Director of Pulmonology and Center for
PS Tampi MD DM
Sleep Disorders
Consultant
Fortis Hiranandani Hospital
Bombay Hospital and Medical Research
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Centre
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Preyas Vaidya MD
Institute of Pulmonolgy
Pankaj Malhotra MD MAMS Medical Research and Development
Professor Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Department of Internal Medicine
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Preeti Verma MD
Education and Research Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Chandigarh, India Chandigarh, India

Parameswaran Nair MD PhD R Caroli MD


Professor of Medicine Consultant Pulmonologist
Division of Respirology Fortis Hospital
McMaster University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Rachael A Evans MB ChB MRCP (UK) PhD
Division of Respiratory Medicine
Peter J Barnes FRS FMedSci
West Park Healthcare Centre
Margaret Turner-Warwick Professor of
University of Toronto
Medicine
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Head of Respiratory Medicine
Imperial College London Raja Dhar MD MRCP MSc
Airway Disease Section Consultant Pulmonary and Critical Care
National Heart and Lung Institute Medicine
London, UK Fortis Hospital
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Polychronopoulos V MD PhD FCCP
Director Rajendra Prasad
MD DTCD FAMS FCCP FNCCP
3rd Chest Department
Head
Sismanoglio General Hospital
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Athens, Greece Era’s Lucknow Medical College
Prahlad Rai Gupta MD DM Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Former Professor Rajesh N Solanki MD FNCCP
Department of Pulmonary Medicine Professor, Head, Unit II
Sawai Man Singh (SMS) Medical College Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India BJ Medical College
(Consultant, Shalby Hospital, Jaipur) Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Contributors xiii
Rama Murthy Sakamuri PhD Ruby Pawankar MD PhD
Post-Doctoral Fellow Professor of Rhinology and Allergy
Department of Pathology Department of Otolaryngology
New York University Langone Medical Nippon Medical School
Centre Tokyo, Japan
New York City, New York, USA
Ruchi Bansal MD
Richa Gupta MD Department of Medicine
Assistant Professor Divison of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Department of Pulmonary Medicine Sleep Medicine
Christian Medical College and Hospital New York Methodist Hospital
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Brooklyn, New York, USA

Ritesh Agarwal MD DM
S Kashyap MD
Professor Professor and Head
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Director
Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Kalpana Chawla Government Medical
Education and Research
College
Chandigarh, India
Karnal, Haryana, India
Roger S Goldstein SK Jindal
MB ChB FRCP FCRP FCCP
MD FAMS FNCCP FICS FCCP
Department of Respiratory Medicine Emeritus Professor (Pulmonary Medicine)
West Park Healthcare Centre Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Toronto, Ontario, Canada Education and Research
Chandigarh
Romica Latawa PhD
Medical Director
Department of Biochemistry
Jindal Clinics, Chandigarh, India
Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Education and Research Sahajal Dhooria MD DM
Chandigarh, India Assistant Professor
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Ronald Anderson PhD
Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Division of Pulmonology Education and Research
Department of Internal Medicine Chandigarh, India
University of the Witwatersrand
Johannesburg, South Africa Samir Malhotra MD
Professor
Roxana Sulica MD Department of Pharmacology
Director Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Pulmonary Hypertension Program Education and Research
Assistant Professor of Medicine Chandigarh, India
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai Beth Israel Sanjay Jain MD
New York City, New York, USA Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Rubal Patel MD Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Tift Regional Medical Center Education and Research
Tifton, Georgia, USA Chandigarh, India
xiv Handbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Sanjeev Mehta MD Suman Laal PhD


Consultant Associate Professor
Lilavati Hospital, Bhartiya Arogya Nidhi Department of Pathology
Hospital Bandra (West) New York University
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Langone Medical Centre
Veterans Affairs New York Harbor
Sean E Hesselbacher MD Healthcare System
Baylor College of Medicine New York City, New York, USA
Ben Taub General Hospital
Houston, Texas, USA Sundeep Salvi MD DNB PhD FCCP
Director
Shingo Yamanishi Chest Research Foundation
Nippon Medical School Pune, Maharashtra, India
Tokyo, Japan
Surendra K Sharma MD PhD
Shu Hashimoto MD PhD Ex-Professor and Head
Nihon University Department of Medicine
Tokyo, Japan All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, India
Sidney S Braman MD FCCP
Professor of Medicine Uma Devraj MD
Associate Professor
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
New York City, New York, USA
St John’s Medical College
Sneha Limaye MBBS Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Research Fellow Umesh Jindal MD
Chest Research Foundation Senior Consultant and Director
Pune, Maharashtra, India Jindal IVF and Sant Memorial Nursing Home
Chandigarh, India
Srinivas Rajagopala MD DM
Assistant Professor of Chest Diseases VK Jindal PhD
Department of Medicine Honorary Professor of Physics
St John’s Medical College and Hospital Advanced Centre for Physics
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Panjab University
Chandigarh, India
Stagaki E MD
Consultant VK Vijayan MD PhD DSc FAMS
3rd Chest Department Advisor to Director-General
Sismanoglio General Hospital Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research
Athens, Greece
Centre and National Institute for Research
Stuti Agarwal PhD in Environmental Health
Senior Research Fellow Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Department of Biochemistry VR Pattabhi Raman MD
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Consultant Pulmonologist
Education and Research Kovai Medical Center and Hospital
Chandigarh, India Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Subhash Varma MD Vijay Hadda MD
Professor and Head Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care
Postgraduate Institute of Medical and Sleep Medicine
Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Chandigarh, India New Delhi, India
Other documents randomly have
different content
Turn-sick, 467
Tympanites, chronic, 194
U.
Udder, congestion of the, 570
„ cysts of the, 585
„ tuberculosis of the, 701
„ tumours of the, 585
„ verrucous papillomata of the, 586
Ulcerative gastritis, 191
„ stomatitis in sheep, 125
„ „ swine, 127
Umbilical phlebitis, 402
„ „ of new-born animals, 399
Umbrella-tree family, 244
Urachus, persistence of the, 508
Urethrotomy in the ox, 747
„ „ ram, 749
Urinary apparatus, diseases of the, 502
„ calculi in sheep, 518
„ lithiasis, 514
Urticaceæ, 229
Urticaria in the pig, 656
Ustilaginaceæ, 224
Utero-ovarian phlebitis, 398
Uterus, torsion of the, 556
„ tumours of the, 559
V.
Vaccine, preparation of, 669
Vaccinia, 665
Vagina, imperforate, 560
Vaginitis, 543
„ acute, 544
„ chronic, 546
„ contagious, 545
„ croupal, 545
Veins, examination of, 372
Verminous bronchitis in sheep and cattle, 340
„ conjunctivitis, 662
„ ophthalmia of the ox, 663
Verrucous endocarditis of the pig, 710, 713
Verrucous papillomata of the udder, 586
Vesiculæ seminales, 597
Vetches, poisoning by, 243
Viciaceæ, 236
Viscous milk, 589
Vulva, suture of the, 768
W.
Warbles, 646
Warts in oxen, 655
Whitlow, 41
White loco weed, poisoning by, 237
Wild chervil, poisoning by, 248
Wounds or traumatic lesions, 568
Y.
Yellow milk, 590
Yew family, 226
„ poisoning, 226
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