Assam Academy of Mathematics

Assam Mathematics Olympiad 2023

Category III (Classes IX - XI)
Full marks : 100 Time : 3 hours
There are 18 questions. Questions 1 to 5 carry 2 marks each. Questions 6 to 13
carry 5 marks each. Questions 14 to 18 carry 10 marks each.
ইয়াত 18 টা পৰ্শ্ন আেছ। 1 ৰ পৰা 5 ৈল পৰ্িতেটা পৰ্শ্নত 2 নমব্ৰৈক আেছ। 6 ৰ পৰা 13 ৈল পৰ্িতেটা
পৰ্শ্নত 5 নমব্ৰৈক আেছ। আৰু 14 ৰ পৰা 18 ৈল পৰ্িতেটা পৰ্শ্নত 10 নমব্ৰৈক আেছ।
There may be various other ways of solutions than those shown here. Queries
or suggestions regarding the solutions can be mailed to mail@aamonline.in
ইয়াত েদখুওৱা ধৰণিবলাকৰ বািহেৰও পৰ্শ্নেবাৰৰ সমাধানৰ আন িবিভন্ন উপায় থািকব পােৰ। সমাধানেবাৰৰ
িবষেয় িকবা পৰ্শ্ন বা পৰামশর্ থািকেল mail@aamonline.in ৈল েমইল কিৰব পােৰ।

1. What is the 288th term of the sequence

a, b, b, c, c, c, d, d, d, d, e, e, e, e, e, f, f, f, f, f, f, . . . ?
a, b, b, c, c, c, d, d, d, d, e, e, e, e, e, f, f, f, f, f, f, . . .
এই অনু কৰ্মেটাৰ ২৮৮তম পদেটা িক?
Ans : The 1st letter a appears once, the 2nd letter b appears twice, the
third letter c appears three times and so on. The nth letter appears n times
n(n + 1)
consecutively. The nth letter thus goes upto 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + n = th
2
n(n + 1)
term. Thus, for the given question ≤ 288 i.e. n(n + 1) ≤ 242 . This
2
23(23 + 1)
gives n + 1 ≤ 24 i.e. n ≤ 23. The 23rd letter last occurs in the =
2
24(24 + 1)
276th term. And the 24th letter last occurs in the = 300th term.
2
Thus, the 288th term is the 24th letter i.e. x.

2. An umbrella seller has umbrellas of 7 different colours. He has a total of

2023 umbrellas in stock but because of the plastic packaging, the colours are
not visible. What is the minimum number of umbrellas that one must buy in
order to ensure that at least 23 umbrellas are of the same colour ?
এগৰাকী ছািত িবেকৰ্তাৰ ওচৰত ৭টা পৃথক ৰঙৰ ছািত আেছ। েতওঁৰ ওচৰত মুঠ ২০২৩টা ছািত
মজুত আেছ, িকন্তু প্লািষ্টক েপেকিজঙৰ বােব, বািহৰৰ পৰা ৰঙেবাৰ েদখা নাযায়। এেক ৰঙৰ ২৩
টা ছািত িকিনবৈল হ’েল েকােনা এজন মানু েহ নূ য্নতম িকমানটা ছািত িকিনব লািগব?
Ans : If there are at most 22 umbrellas of each colour, then one has bought
at most 7 × 22 = 154 umbrellas. In order to ensure at least 23 umbrellas of
the same colour, one has to buy at least 7 × 22 + 1 = 155 umbrellas.

(1) AMO2023/Cat-III
 3. Find the number of integer solutions of ||x| − 2023| < 2020.
||x| − 2023| < 2020 এই সমীকৰণেটাৰ িকমানটা অখণ্ড সমাধান থািকব?
Ans : ||x| − 2023| < 2020 ⇒ −2020 < |x| − 2023 < 2020 ⇒ 3 < |x| < 4043.
So, |x| can take values 4, 5, 6, . . . , 4042 i.e. 4039 values. Thus, x can take
2 × 4039 = 8078 values.

4. Real numbers a, b, c satisfy (2b − a)2 + (2b − c)2 = 2(2b2 − ac). Prove that
a + c = 2b.
a, b, c বাস্তৱ সংখয্া িতিনটাই (2b − a)2 + (2b − c)2 = 2(2b2 − ac). এই সম্পকর্েটা িসদ্ধ
কেৰ। পৰ্মাণ কৰা েয a + c = 2b ।
Ans :

(2b − a)2 + (2b − c)2 = 2(2b2 − ac)

⇒4b2 + a2 − 4ab + 4b2 + c2 − 4bc = 4b2 − 2ac
⇒(a2 + c2 + 2ac) − 4b(a + c) + 4b2 = 0
⇒(a + c)2 − 2.2b(a + c) + (2b)2 = 0
⇒(a + c − 2b)2 = 0
⇒a + c = 2b
⇒b − a = c − b

Hence, a, b, c are three consecutive terms in some arithmetic progression.

5. What is the least possible value of x2 + y 2 − x − y − xy where x, y are real

numbers ?
েকােনা বাস্তৱ সংখয্া x, y ৰ বােব x2 + y 2 − x − y − xy ৰ সম্ভৱপৰ সবর্িনম্ন মান িকমান হ’ব
পােৰ?
Ans :

x2 + y 2 − x − y − xy
=(x2 + y 2 + 12 − x − y − xy) − 1
1 2
= [(x − 1)2 + (y − 1) + (x − y)2 ] − 1
2
1
≥ (0 + 0 + 0) − 1 = −1
2
So, the minimum value is −1.

6. What is the remainder when 1282023 is divided by 126?

1282023 ক 126 েৰ হৰণ কিৰেল ভাগেশষ িকমান থািকব?

AMO2023/Cat-III (2)
 Ans : 128 = 27 ≡ 2 (mod 126). Thus,

1282023 ≡ 22023 (mod 126)

≡ (27 )289 (mod 126)
≡ 2289 (mod 126)
≡ 27×41+2 (mod 126)
≡ 241 × 22 (mod 126)
≡ 243 (mod 126)
≡ 27×6+1 (mod 126)
≡ 26 × 21 (mod 126)
≡ 27 (mod 126)
≡ 2 (mod 126).

Required remainder is 2.
( )2
1 1 1
7. If xyz = 1 find the value of 1 + 1 + 1 .
1+x+ y 1+y+ z 1+z+ x
( )2
1 1 1
যিদ xyz = 1, েতেন্ত 1 + 1 + 1 ৰ মান িনণর্য় কৰা।
1+x+ y 1+y+ z 1+z+ x

Ans :
( )2
1 1 1
1 + 1 + 1
1+x+ y 1+y+ z 1+z+ x
( )2
1 1 x
= + +
1 + x + xz xyz + y + xy x + xz + 1
( )2
1 1 x
= + +
1 + x + xz y(xz + 1 + x) x + xz + 1
( )2
1 xz x
= + +
1 + x + xz xz + 1 + x x + xz + 1
( )2
1 + xz + x
=
1 + x + xz
=1

8. If n is a positive even number, find the last two digits of (26n +26)−(62n −62).
েকােনা ধনাত্মক যুগ্ম সংখয্া n ৰ বােব, (26n + 26) − (62n − 62) ৰ েশষৰ অংক দুটা িক হ’ব
িনণর্য় কৰা।

(3) AMO2023/Cat-III
 Ans :

(26n + 26) − (62n − 62)

=(26n − 62n ) + 88

Now, n = 2m (say), as n is even

∴ 26n − 62n = 26×2m − 62×2m

m m
= (212 ) − (64 )
= (4096)m − (1296)m
≡ 96m − 96m (mod100)
≡ 0(mod100)

∴ Last two digits 88.

9. What is the smallest positive integer having 24 positive divisors?

24 টা ধনাত্মক উৎপাদকিবিশষ্ট আটাইতৈক সৰু ধনাত্মক অখণ্ড সংখয্ােটা িক?
Ans : The number of positive divisors of a number of the form pa × q b × rc × sd
where p, q, r, s are distinct primes is (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1). Since
24 = 12 × 2 = 6 × 4 = 4 × 3 × 2 = 3 × 2 × 2 × 2, so numbers of the form
p23 or p11 × q or p5 × q 3 or p3 × q 2 × r or p2 × q × r × s have 24 divisors.
To find the smallest number having 24 positive divisors, we need to consider
prime factors as small as possible, raised to small powers. Thus, the possible
choices are 223 , 211 × 3, 25 × 33 , 23 × 32 × 5 and 22 × 3 × 5 × 7. Out of these,
the smallest is 23 × 32 × 5 = 360.

a2 + b 2 b 2 + c 2 c 2 + a2
10. If a, b, c ̸= 0, prove that + + ≥ 6.
c2 a2 b2
a2 + b 2 b 2 + c 2 c 2 + a2
যিদ a, b, c ̸= 0, পৰ্মাণ কৰা েয + + ≥ 6.
c2 a2 b2
Ans : Since a, b, c ̸= 0, so a2 , b2 , c2 > 0.

a2 + b 2 b 2 + c 2 c 2 + a2
+ +
c2 a2 b2
a2 b 2 b 2 c 2 c 2 a2
= 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2
c c a a b b
( 2 2 2 2 2
)1/6
a b b c c a2
≥6 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 =6
c c a a b b

a2 b 2 b 2 c 2 c 2 a2
using AM-GM inequality for the 6 quantities 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 .
c c a a b b
AMO2023/Cat-III (4)
11. Let p(x) be a polynomial of degree 10 with non-negative integer coefficients.
The remainder when p(x) is divided by (x − 1) is 3. How many such polyno-
mials are there ?
ধৰা হ’ল p(x) এটা 10 মাতৰ্াৰ বহুপদ ৰািশ যাৰ সহগসমূ হ ৈহেছ অঋণাত্মক অখণ্ড সংখয্া। p(x)
ক (x − 1) েৰ হৰণ কিৰেল ভাগেশষ 3 থােক। েতেনকুৱা িকমানটা বহুপদ ৰািশ থািকব?
Ans :
P (x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + · · · + a10 x10 , a10 ̸= 0
According to question,

P (1) = 3
⇒a0 + a1 + a2 + · · · + a10 = 3

Since a10 ̸= 0, so let a10 = 1 + y, y ≥ 0

∴a0 + a1 + a2 + · · · + a9 + (1 + y) = 3
⇒a0 + a1 + a2 + · · · + a9 + y = 2

(2 + 10)!
Number of non-negative integer solutions of the equation is =
2!10!
12 × 11
= 66. Thus, there are 66 such polynomials.
2
12. In quadrilateral ABCD, AD ∥ BC, diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular
to each other, X and Y are mid-points of AB and CD respectively. Prove
that AB + CD ≥ AD + BC.
ABCD চতুভুর্জেটাত AD ∥ BC, AC আৰু BD কণর্দুডাল পৰস্পৰ লমব্, X আৰু Y ৈহেছ
যথাকৰ্েম AB আৰু CDৰ মধয্িবন্দু। পৰ্মাণ কৰা েয AB + CD ≥ AD + BC.
Ans :

(5) AMO2023/Cat-III
 Since ∆AP B is right-angled triangle and X is mid point of AB. So, P X =
1
AX = XB = AB. Similarly, DP C is the right-angled triangle, so P Y =
2
1
DY = Y C = DC. In ∆P XY ,
2
P X + P Y ≥ XY
1 1
⇒ AB + DC ≥ XQ + QY
2 2
1 1 1 1
⇒ AB + DC ≥ BC + AD
2 2 2 2
⇒AB + CD ≥ AD + BC

13. Let S(r) denote the sum of the infinite geometric series 17 + 17r + 17r2 +
17r3 + . . . for −1 < r < 1. If S(a) × S(−a) = 2023, find S(a) + S(−a).
ধৰা হ’ল েকােনা −1 < r < 1 ৰ বােব, S(r) েয় 17 + 17r + 17r2 + 17r3 + . . . এই
গুেণাত্তৰ েশৰ্ণীেটাৰ েযাগফলক সূ চায়। যিদ S(a) × S(−a) = 2023, েতেন্ত S(a) + S(−a)
ৰ মান িনণর্য় কৰা
17 17
Ans : S(a) = , S(−a) =
1−a 1+a
S(a) × S(−a) = 2023
17 17
⇒ × = 2023
1−a 1+a
1
⇒ =7
(1 − a)(1 + a)
17 17 34
∴S(a) + S(−a) = + = = 34 × 7 = 238
1 − a 1 + a (1 − a)(1 + a)

14. Find all possible triples of integers a, b, c satisfying a+b−c = 1 and a2 +b2 −c2 =
−1.
a + b − c = 1 আৰু a2 + b2 − c2 = −1 এই সমীকৰণ দুটা িসদ্ধ কৰা আটাইেবাৰ সম্ভৱপৰ
অখণ্ড সমাধান a, b, c িনণর্য় কৰা।
Ans :
a+b−c=1⇒a+b=c+1 (1)

a2 + b2 − c2 = −1
⇒(a + b)2 − 2ab = c2 − 1
⇒(c + 1)2 − 2ab = c2 − 1
⇒c2 + 2c + 1 − 2ab = c2 − 1
⇒2ab = 2c + 2
⇒ab = c + 1 (2)

AMO2023/Cat-III (6)
 From 1 and 2, we get

a + b = ab (3)

If a = 0, then b = 0. Also, if b = 0 then a = 0. Thus, a = 0, b = 0 is a solution

of 3. In this case, c = −1 (from 1). So, a = b = 0, c = −1 is a solution.
Now, other solutions, if any, of 3 will require both a and b to be non-zero.
Using 3,

a(1 − b) = −b
⇒a(b − 1) = b
∵ a ̸= 0 and a and b are integers, so a|b (4)

Again, from 3

b(a − 1) = a
∵a ̸= 0 and a and b are integers, so b|a (5)

From 4 and 5, a = b. Thus, using 3

a + a = a2 (6)
⇒a2 = 2a (7)
⇒a = 2(∵ a ̸= 0) (8)

∴ b = 2 and c = 2 + 2 − 1 = 3.

15. Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 3 with real coefficients satisfying |f (x)| =
12 for x = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7. Find |f (0)|. (Typo corrected)
ধৰা হ’ল f (x) ৈহেছ বাস্তৱ সহগিবিশষ্ট 3 মাতৰ্াৰ এটা বহুপদ যােত x = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 ৰ বােব
|f (x)| = 12। েতেন্ত |f (0)| ৰ মান িনণর্য় কৰা।
Ans : (There was a typo in the original question. The values of x were given
to be x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Thus, f (x) is either 12 or -12 at x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
So, by Pigeonhole Principle, f either takes the value 12 at least at 4 different x
or -12 at least at four different x. But that is not possible as f is a polynomial
of degree three. Students who have provided similar justifications have been
awarded marks.)
Without loss of generality, let f (1) = 12 (If f (1) = −12 then take −f (x) as
the polynomial, which leaves |f (0)| unchanged.) Because f is third-degree,
write

f (x) − 12 = a(x − 1)(x − b)(x − c) (9)

f (x) + 12 = a(x − d)(x − e)(x − f ) (10)

(7) AMO2023/Cat-III
 where, b, c, d, e, f clearly must be a permutation of 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 from the given
condition. Thus b + c + d + e + f = 2 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 23.
Subtracting the two equations 9, 10 we get,

−24 = a[(x − 1)(x − b)(x − c) − (x − d)(x − e)(x − f )]

Comparing the coefficients of x2 , we get 1+b+c = d+e+f and thus both values
24
equal to = 12. As a result, {b, c} = {5, 6}. As a result, −24 = a(12) and so
2
a = −2. Now, we easily deduce that f (0) = (−2) · (−1) · (−5) · (−6) + 12 = 72,
and so removing the without loss of generality gives |f (0)| = 72.

16. n is a positive integer such that the product of all its positive divisors is n3 .
Find all such n less than 100.

n এটা ধনাত্মক অখণ্ড সংখয্া যােত ইয়াৰ আটাইেবাৰ ধনাত্মক উৎপাদকৰ পূ ৰণফল n3 হয়। 100
তৈক সৰু েতেনকুৱা আটাইেবাৰ n িবচািৰ উিলওৱা।

Ans : Let d1 , d2 , . . . , dk be the positive divisors of n in increasing order. By

question d1 d2 . . . dk = n3 . Observe that d1 dk = n, d2 dk−1 = n, d3 dk−2 =
n and so on. Thus, regrouping the divisors in d1 d2 . . . dk = n3 , we get
(d1 dk )(d2 dk−1 )(d3 dk−2 ) . . . = n3 . But since each product in the parentheses in
LHS is n, so that means there should be only six divisors. Thus, n should be
of the form p5 or pq 2 where p, q are distinct primes. The only n less than
100 of the form p5 is 25 = 32. The numbers of the form pq 2 are 2 × 32 = 18,
3 × 22 = 12, 2 × 52 = 50, 5 × 22 = 20, 2 × 72 = 98, 7 × 22 = 28, 11 × 22 = 44,
13 × 22 = 52, 17 × 22 = 68, 19 × 22 = 76, 23 × 22 = 92, 3 × 52 = 75, 5 × 32 = 45,
7 × 32 = 63, 11 × 32 = 99.

17. If in △ABC, AD is the altitude and AE is the diameter of the circumcircle

through A, then prove that AB · AC = AD · AE. Use this result to show that
if ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral then show that

AC · (AB · BC + CD · DA) = BD · (DA · AB + BC · CD).

△ABC ত AD উন্নিত আৰু AE ৈহেছ A ৰ মােজেৰ পাৰ ৈহ েযাৱা পিৰবৃ ত্তেটাৰ বয্াস। েতেন্ত
পৰ্মাণ কৰা েয AB · AC = AD · AE. এই ফলাফলেটা বয্ৱহাৰ কিৰ েদখুওৱা েয ABCD
এটা চকৰ্ীয় চতুভুর্জ, তাৰ পাছত েদখুওৱা েয

AC · (AB · BC + CD · DA) = BD · (DA · AB + BC · CD).

Ans :

AMO2023/Cat-III (8)
In ∆ABD and ∆AEC,
∠ADB = ∠ACE(= 90◦ )
∠ABD = ∠CEA
AB AD
∴ ∆ABD ∼ ∆AEC which implies = ⇒ AB.AC = AD.AE.
AE AC

Now consider a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD in a circle of radius R. Using the

above result, we have
AB.BC = 2R.BM
DA.DC = 2R.DN
Hence,
AC.[AB.BC + CD.DA]
=AC.2R.BM + AC.2R.DN
=2R[2∆ABC + 2∆ACD]
=4RS
where S = the area of the quadrilateral ABCD.
Similarly, BD.[DA.AB + BC.CD] = 4RS, and then result follows.

(9) AMO2023/Cat-III
 18. A circle of radius 2 is inscribed in an isosceles trapezoid with the area of 28.
Find the length of the side of the trapezoid.
28 বগর্ একক কািলৰ সমিদব্বাহু েটৰ্িপিজয়াম েক্ষতৰ্ এটাত 2 একক বয্াসাধর্ৰ বৃ ত্ত এটা অন্তিবর্ষ্ট কৰা
ৈহেছ। েটৰ্িপিজয়ামেটাৰ বাহুৰ ৈদঘর্য্ িনণর্য় কৰা।
Ans :

The height and area of the trapezoid are 4 and 28 respectively. Thus,
1
× 4 × (2x + 2y) = 28
2
⇒x + y = 7 (11)

Also,

2y − 2x 2
( ) + 42 = (x + y)2
2
⇒4xy = 4 × 4
⇒xy = 4 (12)

From 11 and 12, we have,

4
=7 x+
x
⇒x2 − 7x + 4 = 0
√
7 ± 49 − 16
⇒x =
2
√ √
So, 2x = 7 − 33, 2y = √
7 + 33 (As we assumed√x < y). So, the sides of the
trapezoid are 2x = 7 − 33, x + y = 7, 2y = 7 + 33 and x + y = 7.

AMO2023/Cat-III (10)