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FORCE-NOTES

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13 views4 pages

FORCE-NOTES

Cbse

Uploaded by

ahmed.fahimiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION

Force is a push or a pull that changes or tends to change the state of rest or
uniform motion of an object or changes the direction or shape of an object. SI
unit is Newton.

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces


Balanced Forces –
 When equal amount of forces are applied on an object from different
directions such that they cancel out each other
 They do not change the state of rest or motion of an object
 They may change the shape and size of an object
Unbalanced Force –
 When forces applied to an object are of different magnitude(or not in
opposite directions so as to cancel)
 They can alter state of rest or motion of an object
 They can cause acceleration in an object
 They can change the shape and size of an object

First law of motion or The Law of Inertia


Whether an object is moving uniformly on a straight path or is at rest, its state
would not change until and unless an external force is applied on to it.

INTERIA:
Inertia is the tendency of a body to resist a change in motion or rest.

TYPESOF INERTIA:
There are three types of inertia:

1.Inertia of rest: this is the resistance offered by the body to remain in rest
unless an external force is not applied on the body.
eg.:if a carpet is beaten with a stick then the dust particles due to inertia of rest
tends to remain in rest while the fibers of carpet becomes in motion.
2. inertia of direction: this is the resistance offered by the body to change its
direction unless an external force is not applied on the body.
Eg: if a bus takes a turn then passengers sitting in tends to remain in the same
direction in which the bus was travelling before.

3. inertia of motion: the resistance offered by the body to change its uniform
motion.
Eg: if a bus stops suddenly then the passengers fall forward due to inertia of
motion.

What is the difference between Mass and Inertia?

• Mass is a measurable quantity, whereas inertia is a concept used to describe


how hard it is to change the current state of the mass.

• Mass is a property of the object itself but inertia is a property of the motion as
well as the mass.

• Inertia is the concept, which is used to define the mass.

Newton's Second Law of Motion


It states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional
to the applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts.

Mathematical formulation of Newton’s Second Law of Motion: F = ma

Let mass of an moving object be m.

Initial momentum of object p1 = mu


And Final momentum of the object p2 = mv
Therefore, change in momentum = mv – mu
Where k is the proportionality constant

⟹
If 1 unit of force = k ×1kg ×1m/s2
k=1

By putting the value of k=1 in equation (ii),


we get:
F = ma

Newton's Third Law of Motion


It states that there is always reaction for every action in opposite direction and
of equal magnitude, i.e., action and reaction forces are equal and opposite.

Conservation of Momentum
The total momentum of the colliding bodies before collision is equal to the
total momentum after collision when no external force acts on them.
Mathematical Formulation of Conservation of Momentum:
Suppose, two objects A and B each of mass m1 and mass m2 are moving initially
with velocities u1 and u2, strike each other after time t and start moving with
velocities v1 and v2 respectively.

We know that, Momentum = Mass x Velocity

Therefore,
Initial momentum of object A = m1u1
Initial momentum of object B = m2u2
Final momentum of object A = m1v1
Final momentum of object B = m2v2
Now, Rate of change of momentum = Change in momentum/ time taken

Therefore,

Thus, Total initial momentum = Total final momentum

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