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ANS Practice of Ka - KB and Titration Curves

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28 views8 pages

ANS Practice of Ka - KB and Titration Curves

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knightgaryct
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Practice of Ka/ Kb and titration curves

[20 marks]
1. 19M.1.HL.TZ1.27

Which has the strongest conjugate base?

A. HCOOH (Ka = 1.8 × 10−4)

B. HNO2 (Ka = 7.2 × 10−4)

C. HCN (Ka = 6.2 × 10−10)

D. HIO3 (Ka = 1.7 × 10−1)

[1]

Markscheme

2. 18N.1.HL.TZ0.25

What is the order of increasing pH for the following solutions of the


same concentration?

A. NaCl < NH4Cl < Na2CO3 < CH3COONa

B. CH3COONa < NH4Cl < NaCl < Na2CO3

C. NH4Cl < NaCl < CH3COONa < Na2CO3

D. Na2CO3 < CH3COONa < NaCl < NH4Cl

[1]

Markscheme

3. 18N.2.HL.TZ0.6
Butanoic acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, is a weak acid and ethylamine,
CH3CH2NH2, is a weak base.

(a.i)

State the equation for the reaction of each substance with water.

[2]

Markscheme

Butanoic acid:
CH3CH2CH2COOH (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ CH3CH2CH2COO− (aq) + H3O+ (aq) ✔

Ethylamine:
CH3CH2NH2 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ CH3CH2NH3+ (aq) + OH− (aq) ✔

(a.ii)

Draw a diagram showing the delocalization of electrons in the conjugate


base of butanoic acid.

[1]

Markscheme
Diagram showing:
dotted line along O–C–O AND negative charge

Accept correct diagrams with pi clouds.

(a.iii)

A 0.250 mol dm−3 aqueous solution of butanoic acid has a concentration


of hydrogen ions, [H+], of 0.00192 mol dm−3. Calculate the
concentration of hydroxide ions, [OH−], in the solution at 298 K.

[1]

Markscheme
−14 2 −6
1.00× 10 mo l d m
« −3 » = 5.21 × 10–12 «mol dm–3» ✔
0.00192 mol d m

(a.iiii)

Determine the pH of a 0.250 mol dm−3 aqueous solution of ethylamine


at 298 K, using section 21 of the data booklet.

[3]

Markscheme

«pKb = 3.35, Kb = 10–3.35 = 4.5 × 10–4»


«C2H5NH2 + H2O ⇌ C2H5NH3+ + OH–»

[ OH− − ] [ C H3 C H2 N H3 + ]
Kb =
[ C H3 C H2 N H2 ]
OR
[ OH− ] [ CH3 CH2 N H3 + ]
«Kb =» 4.5 × 10–4 =
0.250
OR
2
x
«Kb =» 4.5 × 10–4 = ✔
0.250

« x = [OH–] =» 0.011 «mol dm–3» ✔


−14
1.00× 10
«pH = –log =¿ » 12.04
0.011
OR «pH = 14.00 – (–log 0.011)=» 12.04 ✔ Award [3] for correct final
answer.

(a.iiiii)

Sketch the pH curve for the titration of 25.0 cm3 of ethylamine aqueous
solution with 50.0 cm3 of butanoic acid aqueous solution of equal
concentration. No calculations are required.

[3]
Markscheme

decreasing pH curve ✔ pH close to 7 (6–8) at volume of 25 cm3 butanoic


acid ✔ weak acid/base shape with no flat «strong acid/base» parts on the
curve ✔
(a.iiiiii)

Explain why butanoic acid is a liquid at room temperature while


ethylamine is a gas at room temperature.

[2]

Markscheme

Any two of:


butanoic acid forms more/stronger hydrogen bonds ✔
butanoic acid forms stronger London/dispersion forces ✔
butanoic acid forms stronger dipole–dipole interaction/force ✔

Accept “butanoic acid forms dimers”


Accept “butanoic acid has larger Mr/hydrocarbon chain/number of
electrons” for M2.
Accept “butanoic acid has larger «permanent» dipole/more polar” for M3.

4. 21M.2.HL.TZ1.8

Propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH, is a weak organic acid.

(a)

Calculate the pH of 0.00100 mol dm–3 propanoic acid solution. Use


section 21 of the data booklet.

[3]

Markscheme

Ka = 10−4.87 / 1.35 × 10−5 ✔ [H+] = «√ 1.35 ×10− 5 × 0.001=√ 1.35× 10− 8=¿
» 1.16 × 10−4 «mol dm−3» ✔ pH = 3.94 ✔
Accept alternative methods of calculation. Award [3] for correct final
answer. Award [3] for 3.96 {answer if solved by quadratic}.

(b)

Sketch the general shape of the variation of pH when 50 cm 3 of 0.001


mol dm–3 NaOH (aq) is gradually added to 25 cm3 of 0.001 mol dm–
3
CH3CH2COOH (aq).
[3]

Markscheme
Any three
of: correct “S” shape ✔ equivalence point at 25 cm3 ✔ final pH tends to 11
✔ pH at equivalence point >7 ✔ starting pH between 3.8 - 4 ✔ pH at half
equivalence approx. 5 ✔
Do not penalize for incorrect points.
Award any 3 correct.

© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024

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