MemorY
Prepared by: Madam Noor Ashafiqa Zamani
Reference to: Ghazali, Mohd Zaki Hj.
TOPICS TOBE COVERED…
Discuss the basic organization of a memory
Describe the read and write operation
Explain how to expand the memory
capacity of a memory
Intro to MemorY
Five (5)Ce LL
components of memory components are:
i. Input Data
ii. Output Data
iii. Read / Write Line
iv. Memory Cell (is selected) - ME
v. Address Line
Intro to MemorY CeLL (…
MemoryCont’)
components are manufactured in sizes:
2 xmn
(where n is an address line,m is a word size)
For example:
A 8 x 4 memory consists of 32 memory cells,
where the number of address lines is n =3 (23 =8)
and the word size is 4.
Address Data
0 000 1010
1 001 0011
: : :
7 111 1100
Read and Write Operations
If ME =1and R/W=0:
- The input data will be WRITTEN into each cell of the selected memory row.
If ME =1and R/W=1:
- The data stored in the corresponding address will READ as an output data.
Given, a 4 x 3 bit RAM. Perform a write operation, data 101at address 01.
1. Data Input – 101
2. Address A1A0 – 01
3. Read / Write – 0
4. The memory address 01 will now contain the data 101.
To perform a read operation, the contents of address location 01.
1. Address A1A0 – 01
2. Read / Write – 1
3. Data output - 101
Expanding MemorY CapacitY
In many memory applications, the required memory capacity cannot
be satisfied by one memory chip.
Instead, several memory chips must be combined to provide the
capacity or the word size.
For example:
Suppose that we need a memory that can store 16 x 4 bit, and all that we
have are 8 x 4 bit chips.
By combining TWO (2) 8 x 4 chips, we can expand the memory to a 16 x 4.
ExampLe1
Given an 8 x 4 bit memory IC.
a)Draw the memory diagram.
4 4
Data Input Lines Data Output Lines
Read/Write Lines 8x4bit
Memory Enable Lines
3
Address Lines
b)Identify the number of address lines.
For 8 x 4 bit, 2n x m =23 x 4
Therefore, the number of address lines =3 bits
ExampLe1(… Cont’)
c) Determine the number of data input /output lines.
Number of data input /output lines =Word size =4 bits
d) Calculate the memory capacity in bits / bytes.
Memory capacity in bits =8 x 4 bits =32 bits
Memory capacity in bytes =8 x 4 bits =4 bytes
8
e) Calculate the number of memory cells.
Number of memory cells =8 x 4 bits =32 cells
ExampLe1(… Cont’)
f) Identify the number of IC(s) needed to expand the memory capacity to
16x 4bit.
Number of ICs =16 =2 ICs
8
g) Name the decoder used to expand the memory capacity to 16 x 4bit.
Type of decoder =1:2decoder (based on no. of ICs)
h) Draw the expanded memory diagram.
(Refer to the next slide for the diagram)
ExampLe1(… Cont’)
Checkpoint 1
Given a 4K x 16 bit memory chip.
1K=210 =1024 bits
a) Determine the capacity of the chip in bits.
b) Determine the number of address lines.
c) Determine the number of input size.
d) Draw the simplified memory diagram if we required to expand the memory
chip capacity to 12K x 16 bit.
Given a 128K x 4 bit memory chip.
a) Determine the capacity of chip in bits.
b) Identify the number of chips required to expand the capacity to 384K x 4 bit.
c) Draw the expanded memory diagram for b).
Checkpoint 2
The memory chip has 5 address lines and 8 bit of memory size.
a) Identify the address range of the above memory chip.
b) Determine the memory capacity in bit if THREE (3) chips are required for
higher storage capacity.
c) State the type of decoder used for b).
d) Draw the simplified memory diagram based on b).
Checkpoint 3
a) Given 16K x 8 bit RAM. Determine the:
i. number of address lines.
ii. number of input/output lines.
iii. number of memory capacity in bytes.
iv. number of ICs needed to expand the memory capacity to 96K x 8 bits.
v. type of decoder used to expand the memory capacity to 96K x 8 bits .
b) Design 4M x 4 bit RAM using 1M x 4 bit RAM chips.
1K=210 =1024 bits
1M=220 =1024 x 1024 bits
Thanks!
Any questions?
