HTML - Phrase Tags
The phrase tags have been desicolgned for specific purposes, though they are
displayed in a similar way as other basic tags like <b>, <i>, <pre>, and <tt>, you
have seen in previous chapter. This chapter will take you through all the important
phrase tags, so let's start seeing them one by one.
Emphasized Text
Anything that appears within <em>...</em> element is displayed as emphasized
text.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Emphasized Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses an <em>emphasized</em> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
The following word uses an emphasized typeface.
Marked Text
Anything that appears with-in <mark>...</mark> element, is displayed as marked
with yellow ink.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Marked Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word has been <mark>marked</mark> with
yellow</p><br/>
</body>
</html>
The following word has been marked with yellow
Strong Text
Anything that appears within <strong>...</strong> element is displayed as
important text.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Strong Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <strong>strong</strong> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
The following word uses a strong typeface.
Text Abbreviation
You can abbreviate a text by putting it inside opening <abbr> and closing </abbr>
tags. If present, the title attribute must contain this full description and nothing else.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Text Abbreviation</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>My best friend's name is <abbr title =
"Abhishek">Abhy</abbr>.</p>
</body>
</html>
My best friend's name is Abhy.
Text Direction
The <bdo>...</bdo> element stands for Bi-Directional Override and it is used to
override the current text direction.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Text Direction Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This text will go left to right.</p>
<p><bdo dir = "rtl">This text will go right to left.</bdo></p>
</body>
</html>
This text will go left to right.
Special Terms
The <dfn>...</dfn> element (or HTML Definition Element) allows you to specify that
you are introducing a special term. It's usage is similar to italic words in the midst of
a paragraph.
Typically, you would use the <dfn> element the first time you introduce a key term.
Most recent browsers render the content of a <dfn> element in an italic font.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Special Terms Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word is a <dfn>special</dfn> term.</p>
</body>
</html>
The following word is a special term.
Text Citations
If you are quoting a text, you can indicate the source placing it between an
opening <cite> tag and closing </cite> tag
As you would expect in a print publication, the content of the <cite> element is
rendered in italicized text by default.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Citations Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This HTML tutorial is derived from <cite>Standard for
HTML</cite>.</p>
</body>
</html>
This HTML tutorial is derived from Standard for HTML.
Computer Code
Any programming code to appear on a Web page should be placed
inside <code>...</code> tags. Usually the content of the <code> element is
presented in a monospaced font, just like the code in most programming books.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Computer Code Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Regular text. <code>This is code.</code> Regular text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Regular text. This is code. Regular text.
Keyboard Text
When you are talking about computers, if you want to tell a reader to enter some
text, you can use the <kbd>...</kbd> element to indicate what should be typed in, as
in this example.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Keyboard Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Regular text. <kbd>This is inside kbd element</kbd> Regular
text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Regular text. This is inside kbd element Regular text.
Programming Variables
This element is usually used in conjunction with the <pre> and <code> elements to
indicate that the content of that element is a variable.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Variable Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p><code>document.write("<var>user-name</var>")</code></p>
</body>
</html>
document.write("user-name")
Program Output
The <samp>...</samp> element indicates sample output from a program, and script
etc. Again, it is mainly used when documenting programming or coding concepts.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Program Output Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Result produced by the program is <samp>Hello
World!</samp></p>
</body>
</html>
Result produced by the program is Hello World!
Address Text
The <address>...</address> element is used to contain any address.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Address Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<address>388A, Road No 22, Jubilee Hills - Hyderabad</address>
</body>
</html>
388A, Road No 22, Jubilee Hills - Hyderabad
