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14 views3 pages

Articles Lesson

Uploaded by

mananjara 320
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GRAMMAR

1. ARTICLES :

Geographical places

Rivers

We use the before the names of rivers. We usually write the without a capital letter. If we use
the word river, we usually write it without a capital letter: the river Thames, the river Severn,
the Yangtze river.

We don’t always use the word river, especially when it is obvious that we are talking about a
river: the Mississippi, the Nile, the Ganges, the Loire.

Mountains and islands

We use the with the names of some mountains: the Matterhorn, the Jungfrau. We do not use
the if the name includes Mount or Mountain: Mount Olympus, Brokeback Mountain.

We often refer to some mountains just by their name without the: Everest, Kilimanjaro,
Snowdon.

We usually use the before the names of ranges of mountains and groups of islands: the
Dolomites, the Himalayas, the Rockies, the Bahamas, the Florida Keys, the Canaries.

Deserts, oceans and seas

We usually use the before the names of deserts, oceans and seas. We often leave out the word
desert, ocean or sea: the Sahara or the Sahara Desert, the Atlantic or the Atlantic Ocean,
the Mediterranean or the Mediterranean Sea.

Cities, countries and continents

We don’t use the with the names of cities, countries or continents: Paris, Tokyo, France,
Peru, Africa, Asia.

A small number of country names include the: The United Kingdom, The USA, The United
Arab Emirates, The Netherlands.

Lakes

We don’t usually use the with the names of lakes. We often use the word Lake before the
name: Lake Como, Lake Michigan, Lake Geneva, Lake Tahoe.

Nationalities, languages, countries and regions

When we refer to a nation or region, we can use:


– the name of the country or region: Turkey, Japan, Germany, Brazil, Asia

– a singular noun that we use for a person from the country or region: a Turk, a Japanese, a
German, a Brazilian, an Asian

– the plural expression the … used for the whole population of a country or region: the Turks,
the Japanese, the Germans, the Brazilians, the Asians

– an adjective: Turkish, Japanese, German, Brazilian, Asian

The name of a national language is commonly the same as the national adjective. In this case,
the words are nouns and may be modified by adjectives. We don’t use the or the word
language:

Do you speak Chinese?

Not: Do you speak the Chinese? or Do you speak Chinese language?

Russian is difficult to learn, isn’t it, especially the alphabet?

She speaks fluent French.

We use a capital letter when we refer to a nationality, a language, a country and a region:

They have studied American literature.

Not: They have studied american literature.

When we talk about the United Kingdom (UK), English is not the same as British. English is
not used for Scottish or Welsh or Northern Irish people. (Great) Britain refers to the
territory of England, Scotland and Wales. The United Kingdom refers to England,
Scotland, Wales and the six counties of Northern Ireland. Some people from Northern
Ireland refer to themselves as British in the context of the United Kingdom of Britain and
Northern Ireland. However, everyone from Northern Ireland has the right to Irish nationality
and can hold an Irish passport. Irish also refers to citizens of the Irish Republic.

The Scots themselves prefer the adjective Scots and it also occurs in the compounds Scotsman
and We use Arabic for the language spoken in Arab countries; the normal adjective is Arab
(e.g. the Arab World, the Arab Press). We use Arabian in a few fixed expressions and place
names (e.g. Arabian Nights is a famous film; the Arabian Sea).

Countries and regions and their adjectives and nouns

The singular noun is normally the same as the adjective (e.g. Moroccan), and the plural
expression is the same as the adjective + -s (e.g. the Moroccans

Country/Region Adjective Person (noun) People (plural noun)


Algeria Algerian An Algerian The Algerians
America/the USA American an American the Americans
Australia Australiana An Australian The Australians
Belgium Belgian a Belgian the Belgians
Brazil Brazilian a Brazilian the Brazilians
Europe European a European the
Italy Italian An Italian The Italians
Hungary Hungarian a Hungarian the Hungarians
Morocco Moroccan a Moroccan the Moroccans
Norway Norwegian a Norwegian the Norwegians
Greece Greek a Greek the Greeks
Iraq Iraqi an Iraqi the Iraqis
Israel Israeli an Israeli the Israelis
Thailand Thai a Thai the Thais
China Chinese a Chinese the Chinese
France Portuguese a Portuguese the Portuguese
Russia Russian a Russian the Russians
Slovakia Slovaks a Slovak the Slovaks
Switzerland Swiss a Swiss the Swiss

Here are some exceptions :

Country/region Adjective Person (noun) People (plural noun)


Britain British a British man/woman the British
England English an Englishman/woman the English
France French a Frenchman/woman the French
Ireland Irish an Irishman/woman the Irish
Spain Spanish a Spaniard the Spanish
The Netherlands/ Dutch a Dutchman/woman the Dutch
Holland
Wales Welsh a Welshman/woman the Welsh
Denmark Danish a Dane the Danes
Finland Finnish a Finn the Finns
Poland Polish a Pole the Poles
Sweden Swedish a Swede the Swedes
Turkey Turkish a Turk the Turks

The + country name

A few countries have the as part of their name, for example, The United States, The United
Kingdom, The United Arab Emirates. We often abbreviate these to USA, UK and UAE.

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