Instant Ebooks Textbook American Government and Politics Today 10th Edition Steffen W. Schmidt Download All Chapters
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Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
American Government
and Politics Today
2018–2019 Brief Edition
Steffen W. Schmidt
Iowa State University
Mack C. Shelley II
Iowa State University
Barbara A. Bardes
University of Cincinnati
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American Government and Politics © 2019, 2017 Cengage Learning, Inc.
Today, 2018–2019 Brief Edition
Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage
Steffen W. Schmidt, Mack C.
Shelley II, Barbara A. Bardes
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the
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Contents in Brief
Glossary 377
Index 389
iii
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Contents
Political Ideologies 13
Conservatism 14
Liberalism 15
The Traditional Political Spectrum 15
Problems with the Traditional Political Spectrum 16
A Four-Cornered Ideological Grid 16
making a difference: Seeing Democracy in Action 18
Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Test Yourself
iv
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Contents v
Chapter 3 Federalism 44
Federalism and Its Alternatives 45
A Unitary System 45
A Confederal System 45
A Federal System 46
Why Federalism? 46
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vi Contents
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Contents vii
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viii Contents
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Contents ix
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x Contents
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Contents xi
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xii Contents
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Contents xiii
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xiv Contents
Rena Schild/Shutterstock.com
Basic Judicial Requirements 274
Parties to Lawsuits 274
Procedural Rules 274
Types of Federal Courts 275
Federal Courts and the War on Terrorism 277
The Supreme Court at Work 279
Which Cases Reach the Supreme Court? 280
Court Procedures 280
Decisions and Opinions 281
The Selection of Federal Judges 282
Judicial Appointments 282
At issue: Should State Judges Be Elected? 283
Partisanship and Judicial Appointments 284
The Senate’s Role 285
Policymaking and the Courts 286
Judicial Review 286
Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint 287
The Roberts Court 288
What Checks Our Courts? 289
making a difference: Changing the Legal System 292
Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Test Yourself
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Contents xv
Bloomberg/Getty Images
Immigration 303
The Issue of Unauthorized Immigration 304
The Immigration Debate 304
Energy and the Environment 306
Energy Independence—A Strategic Issue 306
Climate Change 307
The Politics of Economic Decision Making 308
Good Times, Bad Times 309
Fiscal Policy 310
The Public Debt and Deficit Spending 311
Monetary Policy 313
The Politics of Taxation 315
Federal Income Tax Rates 315
Income Tax Loopholes and Other Types of Taxes 316
making a difference: Learning about Entitlement Reform 317
Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Test Yourself
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xvi Contents
Pool/ABACA/Newscom/Abaca Press/TAORMINA/Italy
Wars in Iraq 324
Afghanistan 325
The Civil War in Syria and the Rise of ISIS 326
U.S. Diplomatic Efforts 327
Nuclear Weapons 327
Israel and the Palestinians 329
The New Power: China 330
Economic Troubles in Europe 331
Who Makes Foreign Policy? 333
Constitutional Powers of the President 333
The Executive Branch and Foreign Policymaking 334
Congress Balances the Presidency 335
The Major Foreign Policy Themes 336
The Formative Years: Avoiding Entanglements 336
The Era of Internationalism 337
Superpower Relations 338
at issue: How Dangerous Is Putin’s Russia? 340
Glossary 377
Index 389
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Preface
I
n November 2016, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump triumphed over
Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. The Republicans also maintained control of the
U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, although they did suffer minor losses. Trump
certainly has one of the most unusual backgrounds ever for a president, with no experi-
ence in elected or appointed public office. One consequence of his victory has been an
explosion of interest in political news. Online news sites, including that of the New York
Times, have experienced large increases in viewership. The same goes for cable news net-
works such as Fox News and MSNBC. For many people, American politics and government
have never been more interesting.
Trump won the presidency by carrying the vote in the electoral college, even though
Clinton’s popular vote was more than 2 percentage points greater than his. Many have won-
dered how a candidate could become president while losing the popular vote, and that is
one of many things that students will learn in this text. Now more than ever, it is important
to understand America’s complex and fascinating political system.
One thing was and continues to be certain: American politics today will never be with-
out tension, drama, and conflict. Throughout this Brief Edition of American Government
and Politics Today, you will read about how our government has responded to past issues
and how it is responding to current conflicts.
This edition is basically a condensed and updated version of the larger editions of
American Government and Politics Today. It has been created specifically for those of you
who want a text that presents the fundamental components of the American political sys-
tem while retaining the quality and readability of the larger editions. You will find that this
edition is up to date in every respect. The text, figures, tables, and all pedagogical features
reflect the latest available data. We have also included coverage of all recently issued laws,
regulations, and court decisions that have—or will have—a significant impact on American
society and our political system.
Like the larger editions, this volume places a major emphasis on political participation
and involvement. This brief, fourteen-chapter text has been heralded by reviewers as the
best essentials text for its affordability, conciseness, clarity, and readability.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xviii Preface
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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Dirk.… ’n prachtig lapje.… van mìjn.… ik hep ’r mooie huisjes bij
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Je weet, nog ’n paar dage,.. of als de aarbeie ’r zijn?
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had je ’t gedonder al. Wa nou.… Wa-nou! [318]Angstig in z’n stoel
gedrukt keek ie van z’n paarse kousen, naar Troost òp, die met ’t vet
van z’n onderkin speelde, in plooien-wellust.
—Ha.. ha! zeg vader! Kom nou niet met die praatjes.… ken ik
waarachtig àl te goed.… dat is met iedere rekening zoo.… nee
vadertje,.… we zulle nog eens ’n hypotheekie klaarmake … van ’t
lapje achter je huis … bij m’n zwager … Dat kost je van akte opmake
niet veel, ’n vijfentwintig poppies.… jij heb dan vrij spul.… en ik hoef
niet tot de aarbeie te wachte.…
—Moar dokter.… uwes runiweert main!… ikke sit t’r puur in.… de
rekening is te hoog hoho!… ’n gulde per siefiete!.… en
honderdseventig pop.… en nou nog van akte vaif.…
—Wàt?.. ik weet toch, dat je niks hebt.. Soo is ’t goed hoor vader.…
best.… Allons donc! Wat zit je daar nou of je geen tien kan telle.…
Nou.. je wijf zie ik van middag, adieu! adieu! ’t beste hoor!
Ouë Gerrit was langzaam opgesjord van z’n stoel, voelde, dat dokter
’m kwijt wou zijn. Troost had uit de bovengang [319]z’n hoed van den
kapstok gelicht, was Hassel voorgegaan naar beneden.
Wat ezelstom volkje, vrolijkte ’t in ’m. Die denken maar, dat je voor
niets werkt, dat je ’s nachts voor ze klaarstaat, als ’t een er maar
invalt je te laten roepen. Wat zal ik ’m krijgen.
Van alle kanten, uit z’n open rijtuig, groette joviaal-doenerig, dokter
Troost. Met z’n log bebakkebaarden kop, kippig enkelen nakijkend,
deftigde ie door de tuinderswijkjes, in z’n lichtgrijs pak, z’n blank
schittervest, met z’n licht-grijzen hoed, geheel doortrokken van
rustige, rijke zomerweelde, heerschend in z’n stedeke-notabelheid
over allen.
[Inhoud]
IV.
’s Middags zat dokter Troost bij Gerrit, tegenover vrouw Hassel, die
’m wezenloos bestaarde, niet begreep, waarom die man ’r telkens
vragen deed, wat ie van ’r wilde.—Met z’n rug naar ’t raam zat
dokter, zich peinzend wrijvend onder de vetkin, vrouw Hassel vlàk
voor ’m, twee vingers van ’r blauwig doorpeesde stekelhand, in ’r
kwijlmond versabbelend. Haar steekmuts plakte slonzerig scheef op
’r uitfladderend vuil-grijs haar, oogen doften star. Om ’r kwijlmond
groefde in stillen kreun ’n droefnisrek, waar d’r verstand al niet meer
aan mee deed. Soms heél even, flitste ’r angstlicht in de oogappels,
dofte daarna weer haar wezenlooze kijk, erger. Gelig-smoezelig
magerde ’r hals, met ver-uitstekenden beverigen keelkrop. Uit ’n
vies-zwart jak, van boven knooploos afflodderend, propte ’n stuk van
smerigen borstrok òp.— [320]
Dokter Troost bleef ’r stil bekijken, schudde soms even zwak, z’n log
hoofd. Dirk en Piet waren op hun kousen, met wasemende
zweetgezichten de kamer ingeloopen, en Guurt met handen op ’r zij
geoorkruikt, stond naast den dokter. Ouë Gerrit zat beverig en
angstig tegen over Troost. Op tafel bij ’t raam, vonkte uitgeschulpt
karafje met konjak, kristallig, in groen-rooie lichtspatjes, op dofrood
boersch-stug blaadje en deftig-stil ernaast, pronkten wat grove
kelkjes, rustig glanzend in zonschijn.
Dokter keek juist òp naar Guurt, toen ouë Gerrit ’m aanzag, dìe juist
snapte, dat ie z’n meid lievige knikjes gaf.—
—Ja, ja! hm! hm! klonk uit z’n zacht gebrom scherper òp. Ja Hassel,
is in ’n korten tijd zeer, zeer verergerd.… ’n droevig geval, zeer, zéér
droevig. Houd je maar taai, want dat is noodig! En jij Guurt, jij mot
maar de huishouding heelemaal [321]op je neme.. hoor beste meid!
En laat moeder vooral met geen petroleumstel omgaan.… of met
geld.…
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moet ’m effe spreeke..—Onder rijkelui’s-keelrumoer, [322]stapte ’n
meneer in, kassier, geldleener en bankman; Stramme, zwager van
Troost.
Hij had zich van z’n stoel met paf geluid, als kraakte z’n zwaar lijf,
opgeheschen. Z’n zwager was niet gaan zitten, stond brutaal rond te
kijken, uitdagend en machtig zich voelend in dat duffige
tuindersgezin. Vlak voor ’t gezicht van Dirk had ie zich neergeplant
zonder excuus, wiebelend op z’n teenen naar hakken, hakken naar
teenen. Blufferig hingen z’n blanke manchetten half z’n mouwen uit,
fijn grijsde z’n zomerpak en onbescheiden loerden z’n oogen achter
gouên lorgnet, met fijn zwart koord vast om z’n hals. Lust voelde ie
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presenteerblaadje ’n konjakje kwam aanbieden, dat ie joviaal
weigerde. Dokter stond nog wat te bedisselen met Guurt, die fijntjes
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kerels heen, die stonden in één houding, in ’t donker [323]van ’t
vertrekje, sprak meneer Stramme weer z’n zwager aan: of ie klaar
was en meeging. Jaloersch ’n beetje ook, dat Troost de mooie meid
daar vóór hem stond te bekneuteren met zoete woordjes en lievige
stem-lachies.
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—Nou, en nou bi’k aife wais hee?.… zei ouë Gerrit plots stug, met ’n
bonk z’n kom op tafel stootend.… hoho! wa nou?.…
—Moar stommeling! sprong Kees inéén woest op, zien jullie dan nie
da die skoelje d’r ’n sloatje van moakt?.… Jullie bin ommers ’n vetje
veur sàin, ’n kalfkoetje.… ’t is netuurlik [325]s’n aigeste oapeteek.…
hai skraift moar roak.… Morrige komp ie t’rug.… skraift ie weer.
Snôf’rjenne.… ik sou sain d’r uuttrappe.…
—Daa’s net, gromde driftig Dirk, daa’s net.… dá’ wai dâ nie docht
hebbe.…
—En hai gaift moar, hai skraift moar, gromde Dirk mee.
—Netuurlik! viel Kees weer in, tut ’t aêre joar.… kraig je je print aa’s
tie tog selfers s’n oapeteek hep … hep tie ommers soo langest aa’s
tie wil.… hai is tog nog de eenigste mi oapeteekie.… is tog
ofskoft!.…
Ouë Gerrit hoorde onrustiger toe, staarde door naar de lucht, wel
voelend dat Kees gelijk had. Maar dat juist maakte ’m woedender.
Want hij kòn, kòn nooit ofte nimmer àf van Troost, zooals ie niet
àfkon van z’n zwager, den notaris. Die hadden ’m in d’r klauwen,
ijzer, ijzervast … Sàin nie allainig, allegoar!.…
—Enne veur wá’ goan je nie nà dokter Zwanke, die hep s’n arme-
rotsooi van gemainte pas an dokter Troost of’rdaan.. dá’ komp
Zwanke!.. verduufeld ’n jonge dokter.. pas ’n poar joar hier, moar ’n
bliksems-rechskoape kerel.… en ook mi’ sonder aige oapeteek.. en
nooit komp ie ’n keer teveul.… je kraigt puur nies niemendal
drankies van sain … en frindelik.. [326]sien je.… gesmaird.. fain..
netjes.… netjes!.… of goàn d’r noa dokter Moas.… se kukkerint.…
nog altaid bestiger aa’s hai.…
—Daa’s net, zei Dirk weer, verbaasd kijkend om Kees’
spreekradheid, hij die anders nooit wat zei.
—Wa’ jai?.… wa’ hai jai d’r mee van noodig? wá’ mo’ jai je bek d’r
in? Van sàin af?.. ke’k dâ! ke’k dâ?.… Si’k nie an sàin
vastspaikert.… netoaris is hèms swager.… die kraigt.… seker paa’s
’n joar sain losgeld?.… nooit nog ’n sint afdoan.… die hep al main
pachtaktes, main koopaktes.… nooit hep ie die main wille afstoan.…
die hep main hiepeteek! aa’s ’k van Troost noar Zwanke goan.…
stuurt ie main rekening tuus.… Die hooge goàste.… sitte t’met
allegoar an malkoar vast.… hoho! viere en vaife en nie g’nog!.. daa’s
één klus.… sel ’k moar segge.… enne al wa dokter sait komp ’r
deur.… woar je komp.… sit ie in.… en s’n swoager is d’r wethouër.…
rechterhand van burgemeester.… aa’s je an d’een komp.… bran je
d’aêr.… hu! hu! viere en vaife en nie genog.… sullie hewwe main
vast.… vàst!.… stikkevàst.… aa’s ik main roer.… stoan ’k op
stroat!.…
[Inhoud]
ELFDE HOOFDSTUK.
Met wilden schrik in z’n oogen kwam ouë Gerrit ’n paar dagen later
op ’t land, achter z’n huis uit, op Dirk en Piet àf die tusschen de
boonen schoffelden. Kees hurkte op ’t paadje, met z’n groote
handen snel tusschen het sierfijn uitgeknipt wortelenloof, wiedend.
Z’n stem beefde. Meer kon ie niet uitbrengen van ontroering, keek ie
pal in verbaasde oogen van Dirk.
—Wà hoek, vroeg Piet suffig na, die al broeide in de warme zon, en
kreukeltjes trok in z’n gezicht, als om beter te verstaan.
Nou saie sullie niks, om Kees.… moar ’t sou komme.… Jesis! da’
skeulde sain t’met ’n poar honderd pop!.… dà was nie bai te
rooie!.… nooit nie.… nooit nie!.… Hoho! die kerels.… dà kaike noar
sàin.… Ja nou, da’ voelde ie.… sullie hadde dokter ook sproke.…
die hep ook sien.… en sain waif.… en Guurt.… en alderlai
volk!.….…..
Angst, zware angst, klauterde weer naar z’n strot. Van de heele vrije
lucht om ’m, kon ie nog maar heel kleine teugjes inademen. Rond
z’n keel, schroefde benauwing; lichter luchthaaltjes gingen er nog
net even door, met moeite, als of ie stikken moest.—De
manschappen waren langzaam weer aan ’t werk gegaan. Met groote
passen liep ouë Gerrit tusschen de regels en bedden in. Bij de put
op ’t erf, zag ie vrouw Hassel staan, met kousen in ’r handen. Haar
grauw-suf gezicht maakte ’m woedend.… Dat waif was z’n armoe.…
en dá’ die vervloekte Kees op ’t land werkte; ongeluk lai op ’t huis!.…
Dá’ waif kostte sain geld.… En sai.… sai.… sai hep sien s’n
spulle.… dà’ loeder!.… da’ loeder.… nou sou die ’r de kop kenne
splaite.… aa’s tie moar mocht!.… mi’ de skoffel op ’r pins hakke.…
want sai hep loert.… sai hep f’rteld.…
Dirk en Piet keken naar de driftstappen van den Ouë. Nooit hadden
ze ’m zoo bleek en woest-vertrokken van gezicht gezien, bij ’n oogst-
tegenvaller.
—Nou Ouë.… wá’ hai je? Je sien puur ’n laik! hou je kalm! aa’s ’t
eene teuge loopt, loopt miskien vaif mee, goeiigde Dirk.