OVERVIEW

OF
MONITORS
INTRODUCTION
A monitor is an output device of the computer
where it displays the processed data or information
as text, graphics, audio and video. It is also called
display unit or screen of the computer.

It is a crucial component of any computer system,

serving as the primary visual interface for users to
interact with their digital world. Monitors display
images and text, enabling users to view and control
their output.

The types of monitor are :

1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
2. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
3. Light Emitting Diode (LED)
4. Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)
 1 CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)
FEATURES:
1. CRT monitors are known for their excellent color
reproduction and depth, providing vibrant and accurate
colors.
2. CRT monitors offer consistent image quality and color
fidelity from various angles,.
3. CRT monitors can display multiple resolutions without a
loss in image quality or distortion.

ADVANTAGES:
1. It is cheaper than other monitors
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor is a type of 2. CRT monitors quite responsive
display technology that was widely used before the 3. It has better graphics quality
advent of LCD and LED monitors. CRT monitors
DISADVANTAGES:
are based on cathode ray tubes. It is the technology 1. It consumes more electricity than LCD.
used in traditional computer monitors and 2. It has big back and takes up more space on a desk.
televisions. They are like vacuum tubes which 3. It has less quality picture than LCD.
produces images in the form of video signals. 4. They are heavy and bulky
WORKING MECHANISM OF CRT

The computer's video card sends signals

to three electron guns inside the monitor, each for a
primary color: red, blue, and green. These colors
mix to create all the images on the screen.
The guns shoot beams of electrons at the
screen, where special chemicals called phosphors
are coated. When the beams hit the phosphors, they
glow in their respective colors. The brightness
depends on the strength of the electron beam.
A metal sheet called a shadow mask
ensures the beams hit the correct spots. The
electron beams sweep across the screen 60 times
per second, creating a smooth, continuous image
that lets you see everything as one seamless
picture.
 2 LIQUID CRYSTAL DIODE (LCD)

FEATURES:
1. LCDs are slim and lightweight, making them easy to
mount and fit into various spaces.
2. LCDs consume less power compared to older CRT
monitors, leading to lower electricity bills.
3. LCDs provide stable image quality with minimal flicker,
which is beneficial for extended use.

ADVANTAGES:
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitors use liquid 1. It has high picture quality and resolution compare to CRT.
crystals and a backlight to create images on the screen. 2. It has very sharp brightness for working environment.
They are known for their slim design, energy efficiency, 3. It consumes less electricity.
and good color accuracy. LCD monitors are commonly 4. They are thin in shape and size compare to CRT
used in computers, TVs, and various other devices due to
their bright displays and stable image quality. They work DISADVANTAGES:
by adjusting the alignment of liquid crystals to control the 1. It is expensive than CRT monitor.
light passing through them, allowing for clear and detailed 2. It has slow response time compare to LED
visual output. 3. LCD monitors can experience backlight bleeding.
WORKING MECHANISM OF LCD

In liquid crystals, molecules are like long rods

with a specific order. In LCD displays, these crystals
are sandwiched between two glass plates twisted at 90
degrees, known as twisted nematic LCDs. Each plate
has a polarization filter that only allows light through in
one direction.
Light passes through the crystals, rotates,
and then can brighten the screen by passing through the
second filter. When an electric field is applied, the
crystals change alignment, blocking the light.
A grid of these cells forms the display, with
each pixel split into three subpixels that have red,
green, and blue filters. By adjusting the brightness of
these subpixels, the screen can create a full range of
colors.
 3 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)
FEATURES:
1. LEDs are highly efficient in converting electricity into light.
This results in lower energy consumption and cost savings.
2. LED monitors provide enhanced brightness and contrast,
making images clearer and more vibrant.
3. LED technology allows for thinner and lighter monitor
designs making them more aesthetically pleasing, easier to
mount, and more portable.

ADVANTAGES:
1. It has high quality ,resolution, brightener and sharper
LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a technology where a image.
semiconductor emits light when an electric current passes 2. It has longer lifespan.
through it. It is widely used in display screens and lighting3. It consumes low electricity.
applications due to its energy efficiency and long lifespan. 4. It has up to 175-degree angle viewing.
LEDs are also found in a variety of devices, from
smartphones to streetlights, due to their versatility and DISADVANTAGES:
durability. Modern electronic devices such as mobile 1. It is expensive than other LCD monitor.
phones, LED TVs, laptop and computer screens, etc.., use a 2. It can shift color due to temperature and age.
LED display.
WORKING MECHANISM OF LED

LED TVs use LEDs for backlighting, but this

can create bright spots on the screen, so filters are
needed for even light distribution. Reflectors direct the
light toward the screen, while light guides and
diffusers help spread it evenly and reduce visible
spots.
The display starts with a polarizer, which
manages brightness by allowing certain light to pass.
Next, electrodes charge liquid crystals that control the
direction of the light toward red, green, and blue
pixels.
By mixing these colors with the right voltages,
millions of hues can be created. This results in a
bright, vibrant image on the screen, providing a wide
and clear viewing experience. The combination of
these technologies ensures high-quality visuals with
rich colors and great brightness.
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 4
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
(OLED)
FEATURES:
1. OLED technology provides rich, vibrant colors and high
color accuracy and better contrast.
2. OLED displays have fast response times and faster refresh
rates as well as lower power consumption.
3. OLED panels can be made thin and flexible, allowing for
innovative designs and simpler designs.
ADVANTAGES:
1. It has fast response time.
OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) monitors use
2. It is small size form factors.
organic materials that emit light when an electric current
3. It has designed well suited battery driven application.
is applied. Each pixel in an OLED display produces its
4. It has high brightness and contrast.
own light, allowing for true blacks and vibrant colors by
turning off individual pixels completely. This technology
DISADVANTAGES:
offers exceptional contrast ratios, high color accuracy, and
1. It has shorter life time than other display.
wide viewing angles. OLED monitors are also thin and
2. It has poor sunlight readability.
flexible, enabling sleek and innovative designs while
3. It is difficult to increase the size.
providing a superior visual experience.
WORKING MECHANISM OF OLED

OLEDs use organic materials that emit light

through the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Electrons
in a stable state are in the HOMO level, while excited
electrons are in the LUMO level.
When a power supply connects to the anode and
cathode, electrons move to the LUMO level and recombine
with holes, emitting light. Energy barriers at the electrodes
can hinder this process, but adding intermediate layers
helps reduce these barriers for easier electron movement.
By controlling the power supply, we can manage
the light emitted from each subpixel, allowing for image
reproduction and true black by turning off pixels.
Manufacturers are also developing ways to achieve RGB
colors directly from OLEDs by adding doping materials,
which changes the emitted light's color.
5 PLASMA MONITOR
FEATURES:
1. Plasma screens maintain consistent color and brightness from a
wide range of viewing angles.
2. Plasma monitors can achieve high levels of brightness, making
them suitable for well-lit environments..
3. They are commonly available in larger sizes, making them ideal
for home theaters and large displays.
ADVANTAGES:
1. Plasma monitors offer excellent color consistency and
brightness from wide viewing angles.
2. Plasma displays typically have a higher refresh rate
Plasma Monitors use plasma cells to display images. Each compared to older LCDs.
cell contains ionized gas that emits light when electrically 3. Plasma screens are known for their deep black levels and
high contrast ratios.
charged, creating bright and vibrant colors. Plasma
monitors are known for their excellent color accuracy, deep DISADVANTAGES:
blacks, and high contrast ratios, making them ideal for 1. Plasma monitors generally consume more power and
watching movies and high-definition content. They also generate more heat compared to LCDs and LEDs.
offer wide viewing angles and smooth motion handling. 2. Plasma displays tend to be heavier and thicker than LCD
However, they are typically heavier and consume more and OLED screens.
power compared to modern LCD and LED displays. 3. As plasma technology has become less common, finding
new plasma monitors has become increasingly difficult.
WORKING MECHANISM OF PLASMA MONITOR

A plasma display consists of two glass plates

with tiny gas-filled cells in between. A grid of
electrodes surrounds these cells. When the electrodes
are charged, they create an electric current that excites
the gas, releasing ultraviolet light.
Each pixel is made up of three subpixels
coated with red, green, and blue phosphors that glow
when excited by the ultraviolet light. By adjusting the
current to each subpixel, the display can mix colors to
create a wide range of hues.
Plasma displays are superior because each
pixel lights up individually, resulting in bright images
with high contrast. This allows for excellent color
reproduction and makes the images look great from
almost any angle, providing a wider viewing
experience compared to other types of displays.
Comparison of Monitor Types
Comparing the different monitor types can be challenging due to the numerous factors to consider.
Here's a breakdown of CRT, LCD, LED, and OLED monitors in terms of key characteristics:

Feature CRT LCD LED OLED

Picture Quality Excellent color Good overall Improved Exceptional

accuracy and quality, varying picture quality picture quality
refresh rates color accuracy with wide color with perfect
gamut blacks and
infinite contrast

Power High Lower than CRT Very low Low

Consumption

Size and Bulky and Slim and Slim and Extremely thin
Weight heavy lightweight lightweight and
lightweight

Lifespan Relatively long Moderately Longer than Shorter than

long LCD LCD and LED

Cost Lower Moderate Moderate to Highest

high

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“ A computer is like a violin.
You can imagine it making
beautiful music, but you
have to learn how to play it. “
- Bill Gates
 Recommendation:
Benefits:
I would recommend OLED monitors for their exceptional color
Monitors offer a clear and vibrant display, making it easier to
accuracy and deep blacks, making them perfect for gaming and
work on documents, play games, and watch videos. They movie watching. However, if you're looking for a more budget-
improve your overall experience by delivering detailed and friendly option, LED monitors are also a great choice for
accurate visuals, which enhances productivity and enjoyment. everyday use, offering good performance and energy efficiency.

CONCLUSION

Evolution: Varieties:
Monitors have evolved from heavy CRTs to sleek, high- Monitors are available in different types such as LCD, LED,
resolution displays such as LCD, LED, and OLED. This OLED Plasma, etc.. each offering unique advantages like
evolution has significantly improved image quality, energy enhanced brightness, color accuracy, and immersive viewing
efficiency, and overall design, offering better performance angles. This diversity allows users to select the monitor that
and user experience. best suits their specific needs and preferences.
THANK
YOU