2.

VOCABULARY 1 PRONUNCIATION
Listen to each word. Record each word. Then listen and practice your
pronunciation.

1.bias

2.chaos

3.embrace

4.inflexible

5.moderately

6.open-minded

7.point out

8.recognize

9.stifle

10.stimulating

11.stumble upon

12.turn out

3. VOCABULARY 1 PRACTICE
Read the advertisement for a desk organizer. Complete the sentences with the
correct words from the word bank. You do not need to use all the words.
 embrace moderately stimulating open-minded chaos

bias recognize stumble upon stifle turn out

inflexible point out

Is your desk in a state of __________ ? Do you find yourself pushing through piles of paper,
only to __________ the one you are looking for hours later? Does your boss constantly
__________ that you have a messy desk?
If you __________ that you have a problem with clutter in your workspace, the Desk
Organizer is for you! The Desk Organizer is a product that will help you organize your desk
but will not __________ your creativity. In fact, our tests have shown that the Desk
Organizer can help everyone, whether you are __________ disorganized or severely messy.
In today's business world, there is a __________ toward tidy people. Learn to
__________ your inner neat-freak! When your desk is under control, your professional life
will __________ for the best. Go online to order your very own Desk Organizer today!

4. LISTENING COMPREHENSION Appearances Matter

in the Animal World
Listen to the classroom discussion. Then choose the correct words or phrases to
complete the sentences.

1. The focus of the discussion is on how the appearance of the male /

female animal influences the offspring / male's choice / female's choice.
2. Research shows that offspring of male peacocks with longer and more
decorated tails will be more intimidating / bigger and healthier / smaller and
healthier.
3. The female peacocks recognize their babies will be more likely to survive
if they pick a more cautious / intimidating / colorful mate.
4. Lionesses prefer males with lighter and more substantial / longer and
softer / darker and heavier manes.
5. Lions with bigger manes are usually females / more mature and healthier
/ more substantial.
6. A layer of fat helps penguins look cute / swim / stay warm and provide
food to their babies / store food / look for food .
7. The male / female penguin sits on the egg while the male / female looks
for food.
8. Often in the animal world, a male's appearance shows that he is ready to
have offspring / can protect his family / is useful .

5. LISTENING SKILL Identifying details

Listen to the lecture again. Then move each detail into the correct category.

Males dance to show off their tails.

Other males are scared off by males with darker hair.
Males with longer tails generally have stronger offspring.
Males with big manes are usually healthier and stronger than other males.
Fat males can survive longer while protecting their offspring.
Females prefer darker manes.
Females make long trips to find food and leave the males alone with the offspring.
Females prefer bigger mates.
Females pick more colorful mates.

Peacocks Lions Penguins

6. NOTE-TAKING SKILL Taking notes to compare and

contrast
Read the arguments for and against living in a city. Then move the arguments
into the correct category.

It’s easy to get around by walking or taking public transportation.

There are many forms of entertainment and good restaurants.

It’s noisy and dirty because there are so many people in a small area.

Many job opportunities exist in urban areas.

Crime rates are generally higher in more urban areas.

Prices for goods, services, and real estate are often higher in cities.

Arguments for living in a city Arguments against living in the city

7. VOCABULARY 2 PRONUNCIATION
Listen to each word. Record each word. Then listen and practice your
pronunciation.

1.feature

2.grant

3.imply

4.legal

5.manufacture

6.monopoly

7.obtain

8.purchase

9.revert

10.shade

11.theme
 12.trademark

8. VOCABULARY 2 PRACTICE
Read the company memo. Complete the sentences with the correct words from
the word bank. You do not need to use all the words.

theme obtain shade grant revert purchases

imply legal feature manufacture trademark

TO: Company Employees

FROM: The Marketing Department
SUBJECT: Our Signature Look
Comments we've received from our customers _________ that they prefer the darker
_________ of blue we used on marketing materials several years ago to the blue we use
now. We have decided to _________ to the old shade and have taken steps to _________
a simple shape or design in this color. While it might be difficult to _________ this kind of
"ownership" of a color, it has been done before, and we feel we have a strong _________
case.
Moving forward, you will notice the new blue _________ on all of our packaging. We hope
that our customers appreciate this change, and that their _________ will reflect this.

9. VOCABULARY SKILL Using the dictionary: words

with multiple definitions
Read the definitions. Then read the sentences and choose the definition that
matches the word in bold.
1. We're going to the country this weekend to pick apples.

o Definition 1
o Definition 2

2. Female peacocks tend to pick mates with longer tail feathers.

o Definition 1
o Definition 2

3. The weather in the Arctic is pretty cold.

o Definition 1
o Definition 2

4. He was pretty sure it wouldn't rain tomorrow, but he took his umbrella anyway.

o Definition 1
o Definition 2

5. Penguins have to be fat to store energy for the long, cold winter.

o Definition 1
o Definition 2
 6. All of the students' contact information is stored in the school's database.

o Definition 1
o Definition 2

10. GRAMMAR Subjunctive for suggestions

Reorder each set of words to make a sentence with the subjunctive.

recommended that the teacher the students read the newspaper

1. _________ _________ _________ _________ .

that it is important trust their doctor patients

2. _________ _________ _________ _________ .

not employees that leave work early it is essential

3. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ .

my mother that we always insisted eat a good breakfast

4. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ .

the librarian that he asked be quiet

5. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ .

that do he his own homework it's best

6. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ .

11. GRAMMAR EXPANSION Noun clauses

Read about noun clauses. Do the sentences below contain noun clauses? Move
each sentence into the correct category.

Noun clauses

A noun clause is a dependent clause used as a noun. All noun clauses have a subject and a verb.

She told him where I was.

(main clause) (noun clause as object)
 Noun clauses may begin with wh- words (who, what, why, where, when, and how). Although the clause
begins with a wh- word, it uses the same word order as a statement. Only use a question mark if the main
clause is a question.

I know where they went.

I know where did they go. (INCORRECT)

Do you know where they went?

Do you know where did they go? (INCORRECT)

Noun clauses may begin with if or whether. Use statement word order in these clauses.

Does Sarah know if she's going to the lunch?

Or not can be added to short if/whether clauses.

I wonder whether they went or not.

I wonder if they went or not.

Or not can also immediately follow whether. Do NOT use or not after if.

I wonder whether or not they left.

I wonder if or not they left. (INCORRECT)

I don't feel so good. The teacher questioned why so many students were out.

She doesn't take criticism well. I wonder if he will recognize me.

I didn't hear where they were going. Do you recommend the movie or the book?

Do you know whether you will stay or not? What are your thoughts on the subject?

Susanna has the potential to do very well. I just can't believe what you told me.

Sentences with noun clauses Sentences without noun clauses

12. PRONUNCIATION Syllable stress

Read and listen to each word. Record and listen to yourself saying the word. Be careful to
stress the correct syllable in each word.
 1.gorgeous

2.feather

3.decoration

4.prefer

5.absolutely

6.recognize

7.cautious

8.attract

13. CRITICAL THINKING VIDEO Restating

information
Watch the critical thinking video. Then answer the questions.

1. According to the video, why is restating a useful study skill?

o It helps you remember important information.

o It helps you say the same words again and again.

2. If information is clear in your mind, you should be able to _____.

o explain it to someone
o repeat it exactly

3. Restating can help you _____.

o understand unclear ideas

o find the main ideas
o take notes
4. Restating means _____.

o repeating the same information in the same way

o saying the same information in a different way

5. According to the video, which restatement of this sentence is better?

“In some instances, an animal’s appearance is key to its very survival.”

o Sometimes, how an animal looks helps keep the animal alive.

o In some instances, an animal's appearance is key to its survival.

6. Which restatement of this sentence is the best?

"Every student in high school has to study English grammar."

o All English language learners need to study grammar.

o Students in high school need to study grammar.
o All secondary school students must learn English grammar.

7. Which restatement of this sentence is better?

"The student took a nap on the carpet of the classroom."

o The learner slept for a short time on the floor of the classroom.
o The student slept on the carpet of the classroom for a short time.

8. Which restatement of this passage is better?

"When a shark needs to sleep, it uses its spinal cord (the large nerve inside
the backbone) to continue moving its body while its brain goes to sleep.
That way, the shark can rest while still moving, which allows it to breathe."

o When sharks need to sleep, they go to sleep in their brains;

however, their spinal cord keeps their bodies moving so they
can breathe.
o Sharks can still breathe and keep moving when they rest because
their spinal cord allows them to keep swimming.

14. SPEAKING SKILL Confirming understanding

Listen to each statement. Then respond to the speaker by confirming your
understanding. Record and listen to yourself.
15. ALTERNATE UNIT ASSIGNMENT Conduct a
survey
Read the instructions. Write your questions in the box. Then survey some
friends.
Survey some friends about what factors make Write here …
someone appear successful, besides the way a
person dresses. For example, does the way a
person walks or talks influence our
perception? Write five questions for your
survey.

17. TRACK YOUR SUCCESS Vocabulary review

Here are some words and phrases that you learned in this unit. Are the words
and phrases nouns, verbs, or adjectives? Move each word or phrase into the
correct category.
open-minded feature turn out embrace shade imply

point out obtain stimulating recognize inflexible

theme legal bias chaos

Adjectives and Adjective

Nouns and Noun Phrases Verbs and Verb Phrases
Phrases