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15 views

dbms-lab-viva-questions

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exampreparation934
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© © All Rights Reserved
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lOMoARcPSD|49325232

lOMoARcPSD|49325232

DBMS LAB VIVA QUESTIONS


1. What is DBMS?
• Software that manages data
• Allows user to DEFINE datatypes and constraints, CONSTRUCT
(store) data and MAINPULATE data through queries. 
Hierarchical, Network, RDBMS, OODBMS NOSQL

2. Advantages of DBMS
• Redundancy of data avoided.
• Restricted and protected access to data.
• Permanent/Persistent storage for program objects.
• Back up recovery services.  Efficient query processing.
• Storage structure and indices for efficient query processing and
retrieval.

3. What is DML?
• Data Manipulation Language.
• High level non procedural language (SQL).
• Can be embedded into programming languages.
• CRUD operations to create, read, update, and delete data

4. Commands of DML
• INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE and Delete commands.
• SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE in SQL

5. What is primary key?


• If a relation has many candidate keys, one is chosen arbitrarily to
be the primary key.
• Primary key attributes are underlined.  PK used to identify tuple
uniquely.

6. What are the types of databases?


Structured, Unstructured, semi-structured.
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7. Types of abstraction
• Internal Level or Physical Level- Physical storage structure of
the database
• Conceptual or Logical Level- Describes the Database structure of
the whole database
• External or View level- related to the data, which is viewed by
specific end users, nearest to the user.

8. What is a candidate key?


• A relational schema may have > 1 key. Each of these keys is called

candidate key. 9. What is the use of DBMS?

• optimize and manage the storage and retrieval of data from


databases
• Business, Social network, Science and research, Finance,
Airline…

10. What are the types of relationships?


• 1:1One-to-one relationship.
• 1:N One-to-many relationship.
• M:N Many-to-many relationship.

11. What is a relation schema?


• Description of a relation.
• consists of the relation’s name, set of attributes/field names/column
names.
• set of relational tables and associated items that are related to one
another.

12. What is an entity?


Basic concept of ER Model.

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• Refers to each specific object in the mini world.
• Physical or conceptual.
• Entities have attributes.  Weak or Strong entity.

13.Types of attributes.
• Simple and composite.
• Single values and multivalued.
• Stored or derived – dotted line. (age derived from DOB) 
Complex attributes.

14. What is entity set?


• Collection of similar entities. (Same type: either strong or weak)

15. What is weak entity set?

• An entity set that does not have a primary key.


• does not contain sufficient attributes to uniquely identify its
entities

16. Types of inner and outer join (explain too)?


• Inner Join- Natural Join and EQUI Join
• Outer Join- full outer join, left outer, right outer join

17. Difference between primary and unique key?


• Unique key is same as that of PK except PK will not accept NULL
values whereas Unique key can accept NULL values

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18. What is normalization?
• Reducing Null entries. Can’t achieve through ER Diagram.
OR
• Splitting a single table DB (flat file) into multiple tables (relational
DB)

19. What is view?


• A view is the result set of a stored query on the data.
• hide the complexity that exists in a multiple table join.
• User can select and perform join without knowing how it actually
works.
• Views can join and simplify multiple tables into a single virtual
table.

20.What are commands in DCL?


• GRANT  REVOKE

21. What is DCL?


• Data control language (DCL)
• Similar to a computer programming language used to control
access to data stored in a database (Authorization). (SQL).

22. Why does a database use Inner join types?


• Returns only those results from the tables that match the specified
condition and hides other rows and columns.

23. what are entity types?


• Strong entity type – has key attribute.
• Weak entity type – no key attribute.
• Intangible entity type- exists logically not physically.

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24. Drop vs truncate
• DROP - remove table definition and its contents  TRUNCATE-
delete all the rows from the table

25. What relationship in database model?


a situation that exists between two relational database tables when
one table has a foreign key that references the primary key of the
other table

26. What are foreign keys?


• refers to the field in a table which is the primary key of another
table.
• provides a link between data in two tables.

27. What is DDL interpreter and DDL Compiler?


• INTERPRETER- interprets the DDL statements and records the
generated statements in the table.
• COMPILER- processes schema definitions specified in the DDL

28. Disadvantages of query?


• No indexes
• Excessive compiling of stored procedures
• Complicated joins
• Cursors and temporary tables showcase a bad presentation.

29. Disadvantage of DBMS?


• Too huge
• Complexity
• Costly
• Database failure

30. Can views have constraints?


• Check
• Read only

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• Primary key
• Unique key
• Foreign key

31. Advantages of DBMS over file system


• Flat file system has modification errors because single table. 
Also, flat file has duplication causing these errors ^ Relational DB
stores data in >1 table => prevents duplication and hence less
storage required as well.
• Relational DB: updates less prone to errors.

32. What is unique key?


• Set of one or more than one fields/columns of a table that uniquely
identify a record in a database table.  Allows null constraint.

33. What are different DBMS languages?


• DDL – Data definition Language
1. CREATE
2. ALTER
3. DROP
• DML – Data Manipulation Language
1. SELECT
2. INSERT
3. UPDATE
4. DELETE
5. MERGE
• DCL – Data Control Language
1. GRANT
2. REVOKE
• TCL – Transaction Control Language

34.What is database?
• Collection of data
• Logically coherent collection  Specific purpose

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35. What is superkey?
 Set of attributes with:
1. No 2 tuples having same value for SK.

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2. This condition must hold good in any state.

36.What is key?
 A minimal SK such that removing any one attribute from its set,
destroys the uniqueness property.
KEY IS SUPERKEY NOT VICE VERSA.
37. What is drop?
• delete a whole database or just a table.
• The DROP statement destroys the objects

38. What is SQL?


• Sequential Query Language.
• RDBMS

39. What are integrity constraints?


• Set of rules that ensure data insertion, updating… maintain data
integrity.
• guard against accidental damage to the database.

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