P. O.
Box 5811
BENDING
Kingwood, Texas 77325
PROCEDURE 3
Office: 832 418 9180
Fax:713-8428
SKYPE: 281 968 0727
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This procedure describes the minimum requirements for bending, testing, and inspection of cold bent pipe. This
procedure is limited to seamless or ERW carbon steel, low intermediate alloy steel, and high alloy steel with a
minimum bend radius of one and one half diameter. With prior written approval, this procedure may be extended
to cover other piping materials.
2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS
The latest edition or revision of the following industry standards are part of this procedure as they are
applicable:
• ASME B31.1- Power Piping
• ASME B31.3 - Process Piping
• ASME SECTION 1 – Rules for Construction of Power Boilers
• ASME SEC VIII – Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
• PFI-ES-24 – Pipe Bending Methods, Tolerances, Process and Material Requirements
• TPB-CBS-98
3.0 MATERIALS
3.1 Materials for bending shall be per the spool drawing as required in the individual piping specification.
Alternate materials shall be approved by customer prior to bending.
3.2 Base material shall conform to the applicable contract specification. Not all grades of material are suitable for
cold bending.
4.0 BENDING PARAMETERS
4.1 Material for bending cannot contain any girth welds (except for material being used for coiling).
4.2The pipe shall be loaded into the machine so that the thickest quadrant will lie in the extrados of the bend. If
the pipe has a weld seam, the seam shall be located along the top neutral axis and may be tilted toward the
intrados no more than 15 degrees from the neutral axis. This does not apply to compound bends and/or multi-
plane bends.
MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION PAGE 1 PASADENA, TEXAS
AND INSPECTION TEST PLAN FOR INDUCTION BENDING November 17, 2020
COLD BENDING
CONTROL COPY DATA DATE
Prepared By: GORDON AAKER DECEMBER 07, 2016
Reviewed By:
Approved By:
Issued By:
Issued To:
P. O. Box 5811
BENDING
Kingwood, Texas 77325
PROCEDURE 3
Office: 832 418 9180
Fax:713-8428
SKYPE: 281 968 0727
4.3 Upon completion of bending, the bending operator shall visually inspect the bend for defects and verify
bending tolerances as described in section 8.0 below. The bending operator shall notify Quality Control regarding
any defect found for final inspection disposition and documentation.
5.0 POST-BEND HEAT TREATMENT
Heat Treatment is not included in the cold bending process unless previously agreed to between Customer and
Manufacturer.
6.0 DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION/ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (A-C)
6.1 Hardness Test: Surface hardness tests (if required) shall be performed with a Portable Hardness Tester.
6.2 Wall Thickness: If required by the Customer, bends shall be inspected for wall thickness verification, prior to
and after bending, at the approximate mid-point of the bend arc, along the extrados. Additional readings will be
provided as agreed between Customer and Manufacturer. Readings shall be made using a Stress Tel T-Mike EZ™
Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Gauge shall be calibrated against
step wedge of the same material origin.
Acceptance Criteria: 20% or less of actual wall thickness prior to bending.
6.3 Ovality readings shall be taken (when required) by use of a suitable caliper or C-gauge. Readings shall be taken
at the approximate mid-point of the bend arc.
Acceptance Criteria: 8% of less of nominal pipe O.D. calculated by the following formula:
[(Dx - Dy) ÷ D] x 100
Where:
Dx is the increased outside diameter
Dy is the reduced outside diameter
D is the original outside diameter
6.4 Since there are occasions when wrinkles cannot be avoided, the acceptance criteria will be that of PFI
Standard ES-24 and TPA IBS-98.
6.5 Post-Bend Dimensional Tolerances (unless otherwise noted elsewhere):
MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION PAGE 2 PASADENA, TEXAS
AND INSPECTION TEST PLAN FOR INDUCTION BENDING November 17, 2020
COLD BENDING
CONTROL COPY DATA DATE
Prepared By: GORDON AAKER DECEMBER 07, 2016
Reviewed By:
Approved By:
Issued By:
Issued To:
P. O. Box 5811
BENDING
Kingwood, Texas 77325
PROCEDURE 3
Office: 832 418 9180
Fax:713-8428
SKYPE: 281 968 0727
Radius of bend: Up to 3D +/- 3%
Over 3D +/- 5%
Degree of Bend [DOB]: +/- 1°
Plane of Bend [POB]: +/- 1°
Flat Plane of Bend: .01 x Centerline Radius
Linear Distances: +/-1/8” non-accumulative
MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION PAGE 3 PASADENA, TEXAS
AND INSPECTION TEST PLAN FOR INDUCTION BENDING November 17, 2020
COLD BENDING
CONTROL COPY DATA DATE
Prepared By: GORDON AAKER DECEMBER 07, 2016
Reviewed By:
Approved By:
Issued By:
Issued To:
