Indian J. Applied & Pure Bio. Vol. 37(2), 398-419 (2022).

ISSN: 0970-2091
A web of Science Journal
Ethnomedicinal survey of Bahadurgarh sub-division,
District Jhajjar, Haryana, India

Priya1, Priya Kadiyan2, Navneet Kumari3, Surender Kumar4

and Surender Singh Gulia5*

1,2
Department of Botany, All India Jat Heroes Memorial College, Rohtak-124001 (India)
3
Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University Rohtak-124001 (India)
4,5
Department of Botany,Pt. Nekiram Sharma Government
College Rohtak, Haryana (India)
Corresponding Author: Dr Surender Singh Gulia
Assistant Professor, Deptt. of Botany
Pt. NRS Govt. College, Rohtak,
Haryana, Pin-124001
Email: [email protected]
Cell: 9050225352

Abstract

The present study was conducted for documenting the detailed

ethnomedicinal plants information of an unexplored area of Haryana. A
floristic and ethnomedicinal survey was carried out from 2018 to 2019 in
Bahadurgarh block of district Jhajjar, Haryana, India. In present study,
we have discussed ethnomedicinal uses, mode of administration, doses
and duration of 64 medicinal plant species belonging to 60 genera of 40
families for treating human ailments. The dominating families were
Fabaceae, Asteraceae followed by Solanaceae andAmaranthaceae. The
most commonly used plant parts in herbal preparations were leaves
(33.13%), and fruit (14.20%) followed by other parts of the plants. The
documented plants were useful in treatment of various diseases viz.
pain relief, cough, jaundice, diarrhea, diabetes, menstrual disorders, skin
infections, respiratory disorders, digestive disorders, urinary disorders,
fever, toothache, rheumatism, headache, pile, arthritis, kidney disorder
and some other simple ailments. Further, the findings presented in this
article are preliminary and needs further authentication, but these
findings can form important criteria for identification of new and effective
drugs through further scientific studies.

Plant wealth has remained an integral human ailments all over the world and
part of human society since the beginning of throughout history19. Many of the currently
civilization.Plants have long been used to treat available drugs have been obtained directly or
 (399)

indirectly from plant source1. Herbal plants are drugs obtained from the plants are safer. Plants
a very rich source of biologically active compounds have medicinal quality for the therapy of many
and are of great importance for developing internal diseases, which are other wise
new therapeutic agents11. The World Health considered very difficult to heal.
Organization (WHO) has a keen interest in
documentation of traditional knowledge of Interestingly, Jhajjar district of Haryana
plants by native people from different parts of has floristic biodiversity and secular knowledge
the world6. India isone of the country with rich about healing properties of plants. However,
floral and faunal diversity, due to its different biochemical composition has been systema-
topography and climatic conditions 18. India tically studied for a very few plants. Therefore,
possesses about 47,500 species of plants need of the hour is to explore this district for
documentation of ethnomedicinal flora and
belonging to various groups16. In India, plants
medicines obtained from them, including their
have been used as a source of medicine since
preparation methods, dose and mode of
Vedic era. Medicinal plants offer a real
ingestion used for the treatment and prevention
substitute for the treatment of various human
of various human and animal diseases.Further,
ailments12. In the developing countries, like
there is very few information available on
India, the use of herbal medicines are widely
ethnomedicinal uses of plants of the studied
known among the local people in rural areas
area. Present survey is a small scale attempt
whereas in developed countries plants and
to gather information about use of local plants
their derivatives contribute only 25% of the
by rural society of Bahadurgarh sub-division
medical drugs. There is about 60-85% of the
of district Jhajjar (Haryana), India to cure
population in developing countries use a
various human ailments.
traditional remedy at some stage during their
lifespan 17,22 . India possess 70% of the Study site :
population rely on traditional medicine to meet
their health care requirements21. Bahadurgarh is a sub-division in the
Jhajjar District of Haryana (Figure-1). Total
Ethnomedicine mainly deals with area of Bahadurgarh is 517 km² including
indigenous medicine that is used to maintain 478.67 km² rural area and 38.23 km² urban
health and treat physical and mental illnesses area. Bahadurgarhsub-division has a population
differently from allopathic medicine based on of 4,03,746 peoples.Thesub-division is an
old theories, beliefs, and different experiences12. administrative unit consisted of 65 villages.The
In recent decade, ethnomedicine has gained climate of the district is semi-arid and hot which
much importance all over the world15. For is mainly characterized by the dryness of the
several thousand years, herbal medicine air except during months of monsoon, summers
prepared from different plants are being used are intensely hot and winters are cold. The
by the local people such as Aloe, Tulsi, Neem, normal annual rainfall in the area is 532 mm.
Turmeric, Ginger etc. to cure several common The average temperature ranges from 3º to
ailments. They are called as home remedies 45ºC. Agriculture is the main occupation of
in many parts of the country. It is believed that residents for livelihood.
 (400)

Figure 1: Map of study site

Data Collection : were identified with the help of taxonomic

experts while unidentified plants were identified
Field work was carried out from 2018 with the help of available literature4,7-10.
to 2019 in different villages of Bahadurgarh
sub-division to explore the ethnomedicinal In the present study, ethnomedicinal
potential of plants available in the region. The uses of 64 medicinal plant species belongs to
survey was done in most of the villages of the 40 families were documented. The human
studied area. The information was collected ailments viz. pain relief, cough, jaundice, diarrhea,
through semi-structured interviews and diabetes, menstrual disorders, skin infections,
questionnaire based household surveys (Figure respiratory disorders, digestive disorders,
2). The interviews with local dwellers began urinary disorders, fever, toothaches, rheumatism,
only after explaining the purpose of this survey headache, pile, arthritis, kidney disorder etc.
and taking prior consent to the subjects. The were treated with these medicinal plants.
information was cross checked with other Detailed information pertaining to these
information from neighboring villages.The medicinal plants used in ethnomedicine viz.
questions were asked to the people in local their botanical name, vernacular names, name
language. The questionnaire contained no strict of the family, part used, mode of preparation,
questions and informants were allowed to administration, doses and duration for each
speak spontaneously and without pressure. plant is given in the Table-1.
Plant specimens collected from the study sites
 (401)

Figure 2: Habits of the plants used to cure Figure 3: Frequency of plant part used
different ailments during preparation of herbal medicine

Figure 4: Frequency of disease treated by

herbal preparations
 Table-1. Traditional uses of some ethnomedicinal plants of Bahadurgarh sub-division, District Jhajjar, Haryana
S. Local Pla nt Disease treated Method of
No. Botanical name name Family Habit Status part used drug preparation Dosage

1 Eugenia jambola na Jamun Myrta ceae T ree Cultivated Seed Pulp Fair skin & Seeds are crushed and Daily for 2-3
La m acne problems mixed with cow milk and m o nt h s
a paste is prepared. Apply
the paste on face before
going to bed and wash it
in the morning
Leaves Diarrhea Chewing and eating of 5-10 leaves a
leaves directly day for few days
Seed Nocturnal Seed powder (4 gm)taken Twice a day
emission orally with water

2 Calotropis procera Aak Asclepiadaceae Shrub Wild Leaves Diabetes Take 2 leaves and use them Daily for few
(Aiton) Dryand. from their lower surface, days
place it on your heel sole
and wear socks. Before
going to sleep remove it
and wash your legs
Leaves Pain Leaves warmed with Sarso 2 times a day
(402)

oil and tie them over the

affected area
Bud Ast hma Fresh buds are taken orally Once a day for
a week

3 Trigonella foenum- Methi Fabaceae Herb Cultivated Seed Diabetes 5-100 g of powdered seeds 2-3 times a day
graecum L. added to one or two meals with meals
Seed Male infertility Seeds oil drops taken by 3 times a day,
mouth to improve sperm for 4 months
cou nt

4 Abutilon indicum Kanghi Malvaceae Shrub Wild Leaves Piles Abutilon indicum leaves, Take it orally,
(L.) Sweet Makoi leaves, Kali mirch 5 g a day for 2
are grounded and paste is weeks
prepared
Leaves Indigestion Leaves made into a 1-2 times a day
chutney and consumed
Root Urinary Root powder of the plants 3-6 g in a day
problems is used along with water
5 Piper longum L. Pippa li Piperaceae Climber Wild Fruit Cough 1 to 2 g of the fruit, fry it Consume 1 tsp
in a little bit of ghee twice a day
Fruit Uterus Fruit taken orally after 2 times a day
problems delivery along with water, for few days
so that the uterus retain
its normal size

6 Achyranthes Ola kanta Ama ra ntha - Herb Wild Leaves Tootha che Prepared a decoction of Take it twice a
aspera L. ceae Swelling the root, filter it day
Leaves Kidney Crush leaves of the plant Take half tsp
to extract its juice twice a day

7 Punica granatum L. Anar Punicaceae T ree Cultivated Fruit High blood 45-300 ml of pomegranate Daily for 20
pressure juice has been taken orally months
Fruits Piles Take 1 tsp of dried pom Taken thrice a
granate powder and mix it day
with buttermilk

8 Carthamus Kusumbha Asteraceae Herb Cultivated Leaves Micturtion Prepared a decoction of 40-50 ml for
tinctorius L the dried leaves few days
Seed Intestinal Safflower oil is given to a 20-30 ml for
(403)

worms patient orally one week

Flower Jaundice Flower powder in 4 gwith 3 times a day
water and drink it

9 Ferula assa-foetida Hing Apiaceae Herb Cultivated Stem Cough Paste prepared by grinding 3-4 times a day
L. Hing with water. Apply it
on chest
Stem Ast hma Mix Hing powder, dry Taken orally 3
Ginger powder and 2 tsp times a day
of honey
Stem Menstrual Mix a pinch of Hing, one Drink 2-3
disorders half tsp of Fenu greek times a day for
powder and salt for taste few months
in a cup of buttermilk

10 Chenopodium Bathua Chenopodi- Herb Wild Leaves Constipation Make juice from plant Drink it, every
aceae lea ves morning with
albu m L. empty stoma ch
 Leaves Menstrual Decoction of 30 g leaves Consume twice
disorders with some dried a day
Leaves Urinary Boil half Kg leaves in 3 Drink 1 cup,
infections glasses of water. Cool the twice a day for
liquid add Lemon, black few days
salt
11 Spinacia oleracea Palak Ama ra nt- Climber Cultivated Leaves Kidney disease Crush the fresh leaves of Take 50 ml
L. ha ceae Spinach. Make its decoction
twice a day
Leaves Baldness Mix equal quantity leaf Drink 3 cups a
juice of Lettuce and day
Spinach
Leaves Low platelet 5-6 leaves. Boil in a glass Drink twice a
cou nt water until it reduces to day
half. Add half glass of
tomato juice

12 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae T ree Cultivated Bark Fractured bone Arjun bark is boiled with Take orally as
(Roxb. ex DC.) milk per needed
Wight & Arn.
(404)

Bark Heart disease Grind the bark. Take 2 Have it with

pinches powder and mix in milk for 15
one tsp honey days
Bark Hea vy Boil half tsp bark powder Drink it after
menstrual in one litre water. Cool every 2 hours
bleeding and drink

13 Cannabis sativa L. Bhang Cannabaceae Herb Wild/ Leaves Diarrhea Chew 3-4 leaves with As per needed
cultivated black pepper powder and
sugar
Leaves Dysentery Paste is prepared by taking Take 1 tsp
leaves with black pepper orally twice a
and sugar day
Leaves Colon cancer Burn the dried leaves Inhale the
smok e

14 Sacch arum Sugarcane Poa cea e Herb Cultivated Stem Wrinkles Mix a pinch of turmeric in Apply for 10
officinarum L. sugarcane juice min
 Stem Jaundice Mix sugarcane juice with Drink a glass
yoghurt twice daily

15 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Siris Mimosaceae T ree Wild/ Leaves Urine disorder Make a paste of 10 g of Drink this in
Benth. cultivated Siris leaves and strain. Add the morning
mishri and drink it and evening
Bark Boils Grind the bark of Siris, Apply as a
Nagar, Jatamashi, Turmeric paste on
and Lotus in equal quanti- affected area
ties with cold water
Leaves Ear ache Heat the juice of Siris 2-3 drops pour
leaves and Mango leaves into ear

16 Argemone mexi- Satyanashi Papaveraceae Herb Wild Root Jaundice Fine paste of the roots is 3-4 grams once
cana L. mixed with jaggery and or twice a day
given to the patients
Root Fever Fresh juice of the plant is 3-5 ml in a day
given to patients
Seed Joint pain Seasame oil with seeds of As per needed
Satyanashi are applied
externally
(405)

17 Catharanthus Sadabhar Apocyna ceae Sub- Cultivated Leaves Hea vy 6 to 8 fresh leaves of the Taken regularly
roseus (L.) G.Don shrub menstrual flow plant are boiled with 2 cup for 3 consecu-
of water and reduced to tive menstrual
half a cup cycles
Flower Nasal bleeding Sadabahar flower and pom- Drink 1 cup
egranate tender buds are every day
taken and fresh juice is
obtained
18 Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagan- Apocya naceae Herb Wild Root Stomach Root juice extracted by Take twice a
(L.) Benth. ex Kurz dha disorder rubbing on stone day for 3 days
Leaves Constipa- Leaf juice is taken directly 3 times a day
tion for 2 weeks

Roots Arthritis Roots of Sarpgandha and As per needed

Chitrak are boiled in
Mustard oil. Oil used for
massaging the aching parts
19 Cuscuta reflexa Amar bel Cuscutaceae Climber Wild Whole Cata ract Mix little sugar in one Apply on the
Roxb Pla nt tsp juice affected eye
twice a day
Whole Blood Grind and dried Amar bel. Drink once a
Pla nt impurity Boil 1/4 tsp in one glass day for a
of water m o nt h s
Whole Piles Mix half tsp Black pepper Take it once a
Pla nt in 10 ml of Amar bel day
20 Bauhinia variegata Ka chna r Fabaceae T ree Wild Bark Mouth ulcer In 10 g of dried bark add Do this 2-3
L. 400 ml water. Boil and times a day
after that simmer till about
100 ml of water remain
Leaves Jaundice Extract the juice from Consume 2
lea ves times a day.
Dose for adults
50 ml and kids
15 ml
Bark Intestinal Take 3 g of bark powder Twice, daily at
mucus along with water morning and
evening
(406)

21 Piper nigrum L. Kaali Piperaceae Herb Cultivated Fruit Tootha che Make a decoction of Rinse the
mirch Pepper by adding 1/8 th mouth with
tsp of Black pepper to 1/2 small sips with
cups of boiling water. Stir, decoction
cover and simmer on low
heat for 10 minutes
Fruit Cough Add jaggery to a cup of 2-3 spoons per
water and boil. Then add day
pepper powder and honey
and take it
Fruit Indigestion Intake of Ginger juice 2 tsp in late
mixed with a fine powder night after
of pepper meal

22 Carica papaya L. Pa pa ya Caricaceae T ree Cultivated Fruit Intestinal The raw Papaya is Once a day
worms consumed as vegetable
Leaves Micturtion Leaves of plant along with 20-30 ml dose
water to form decoction per day
 Leaves Pain and Leaves of plant are slightly 2-3 times in a
swelling heated and applied over day
the affected part
Leaves Dengue fiver Leaves extract was 25 ml was
prepared in water given orally to
patient twice a
day

23 Lawsonia inermis L. Meha ndi Lythraceae Shrub Cultivated Bark Jaundice Decoction from the bark 50-60 ml daily
of the plant with water
Leaves Micturtion Leaves juice is mixed with In a dose of 10-
sugar and given to the 15 ml for some
patient orally days
Flower Headache A paste made of flowers As per needed
soaked in vinegar and
applied over forehead
24 Ponga mia pinna ta Papdi Fabaceae T ree Cultivated Seed Eczema Papdi seeds and wet 3-4 times a day
(L.) Pierre rhizome of turmeric paste
is made separately. Mixed
together and applied over
(407)

the skin
Leaves Diarrhea 5-6 dry leaves are added Given orally 2-
with 200 ml of water and 3 times a day
boiled it. On reducing it to
50-60 ml then filter it

25 Physalis minima L. Pa lpota n Solanaceae Herb Wild Fruit Diabetes Fruits are boiled along with Drink once
2 cups of water, till each morning
leftover 1 glass
Whole Influenza and The whole plant cut into Drink 3 times
Pla nt laryngitis pieces, dried after that every day
wrapped to help keep
damp longer. Then take
about 10 -15 gm of it with
boiling water to prepare
decoction

26 Raphanus sativus L. Muli, Brassicaceae Herb Cultivated Root Bloating and Intake of boiled barley Drink 1 times a
Radish fullness of along with radish juice and day
abdomen a tsp of ghee
 Root Constipation Add a tsp of honey to Eat mixture
100 mg of grated radish twice a day
mix well
Leaves Ea rpa in Extract leaves juice. Mix Pour 2-3
with Seasame oil in equal drops in
amount. Cook this mixture the ear
till all water gets
evaporated

27 Morus alba L. Sha htoot, Moraceae T ree wild/ Fruit Constipation Eat Mulberries with a glass Consume
Mulberry cultivated of water empty stoma ch
daily
Leaves Diabetes Leaf powdered taken orally 1 gram powder
along with a glass of water 3 times a
day for 4 weeks
Bark Athlete’s foot Boil bark powder with Do twice a day
water and soak feet
Seed Intestinal Seeds of the plant with In a dose of 20
worms hot water are given orally mg per day
to pa tient
(408)

28 Aloe barbadensis Aloe vera Asphodelaceae Herb Wild/ Leaves Lower blood Prepare juice of plant 2 tsp every day
Mill. cultivated sugar along with water for 2 weeks
Leaves Burns Gelis directly applied on the affected area 3-4 times a day

29 Tribulus terrestris L. Gokhru Zygophy- Herb Wild Fruit Sexual Boil Gokhru powder, Drink twice a
llaceae weakness Ashwagandha powder in day for ten
one cup milk to prepare a days
docoction
Fruit Urinary Take fruit 1 tsp, Coriander Drink this
blockage seeds 1/2 tsp in water 450 decoction 2
ml cook till volume reduces tsp twice a day
to half for few days
Whole Jaundice Mix powder of plant with Take this
Pla nt cinnamon 1 tsp, misri 1/4 powder 1/2 tsp
cup 3 times a day
with water
Fruit Uterus Prepare decoction of fruit Drink for few
infection 10 g and Ajwain 2 g in days
water
30 Withania somnifera Ashwag- Solanaceae Herb Wild Root Wound Root powder mixed with 2-3 times a day
(L.) Dunal andha healing water to make a smooth for 1 week
paste and apply to the
wound
Root Obesity Boil 1 tsp of Ashwagandha Drink 1 small
powder in 2 glasses of cup twice a day
water. Grind the Cadamom
and add to the mixture.
Keep boiling until the
quantity becomes half
Root Male and 2 g of root powder with Take twice a
female misri and warm milk to day
infertility prepare a decoction
Root Physical Make a powder with 2 g of Take this
weakness root and mixed with 125 powder 1/2 tsp
mg (dried ginger, black 3 times a day
pepper, and long pepper) with milk

31 Cissus Hadjod Vitaceae Climber Wild Whole Weak digestion Young shoot of this plant 125-225 mg
quadrangularis L. plant are dried. Put on fire. The daily
ash is collected and given
(409)

orally
Stem Heavy bleeding Skin removed stem juice 3-6 days in the
during mixed with Sandal wood, morning with
menstruation honey and glue is given empty stoma ch
orally
Stem Bone fracture Stem juice 10 ml in one Drink once or
cup of water and drink it twice a day

Stem Improving Small stem pieces ground Once a day at

semen quality with an equal quantity of night with
and quantity Ashwagandha root and milk
consumed with sugar and
hon ey

32 Ricinus communis Arand Euphorbiaceae Shrub Wild Leaves Ringworm Fresh or dried 10 to 15 Apply at night
L. leaves. Heat with 50 ml daily
Coconut oil. Apply
lukeworm over affected
area
 Leaves Lower back Prepare decoction of Drink 10 ml
pa in Castor plant with water once in a day
for 15 days
Root Jaundice Prepare a decoction of Drink 80-100
root with 2 tsp of honey ml per day

33 Barleria prionitis L. Kala bansa Acanthaceae T ree Wild Leaves Cough A decoction prepared by Taken orally
juice of the leaf with 20-25 ml twice
hon ey a day
Leaves Ringworm Leaf paste is applied over 2-3 times a day
affected area for 1 week
34 Mangifera indica L. Mango Anacardiaceae T ree Cultivated Gum Ringworm Make an ointment by 3-4 times a day
grinding mango tree gum
with lemon juice. Apply it
on affected area
Pulp Cracked soles Crush equal quantities of 2 times a day
Mango pulp and Turmeric
powder. Apply it externally
35 Capparis decidua Kair Capparidaceae Shrub Wild Bark Ast hma Boil small quantity of stem Drink twice a
(Forssk.) Edgew. bark in 200 ml of water day
(410)

until it reduces to half.

Strain it off
36 Asphodelus Piyazi Asphodelaceae Herb Wild Stem Wasps bite Stem rubbing on the 2-3 a day
tenuifolius Cav. affected part

37 Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Ber Rhamnaceae Shrub Wild/ Fruit Constipation A handfull of Jujubes fruit Eat regular for
Cultivated have to eat one week
Leaves & Rheumatism Paste of leaves and root Apply 2-3
Root of Jujubes and Cassia times in a day
auriculata plant are on affected
prepared area
Bark Chronic cough Paste of bark is fried in 1-2 tsp thrice a
ghee and taken with rock day
salt
38 Salvadora oleoides Jaal Salvadoraceae T ree Wild Stem Gum Fresh twig of the plants Daily in the
Decne. (Twig) infla mmation are used as toothbrush stick morning
Fruit Fever Cold fusion prepared from 40-50 ml twice
the fruit a day
 Root Snake bite Paste of root and root Apply 3-4
bark are prepared with times on
water affected area
39 Citrullus colocynthis Gadumba Cucurbiaceae Herb Wild Root Stomach Take the dried roots make Have this early
(L.) Schrad. diseases powder of it. Use1/4 tsp of in morning
this with lukewarm water daily
Root Piles Take equal quantity of Have 1-2 pills
Gadumba and Long pepper with a glass of
root. Grind them together. water every
Make the small pills of it. morning for 7
Dry under the sun days
Fruit Boils Take out the fruit and Twice a da
extract the pulp of it. Use
this on affected area

40 Amaranthus Ka nta Ama ra ntha - Herb Wild Fruit Jaundice Decoction is prepared from 2-3 times a day
spinosus L. chauli ceae ash of fruits with water for 1 week
Root Headache Juice of the roots are 2 tsp 2-3 times
extracted and add honey a day
to it
(411)

Root Boils Root paste are prepared Apply on the

affected area 3-
4 times a day

41 Cichorium intybus Kasni Asteraceae Herb Wild Whole Jaundice Crush the fresh plant of 60-70 ml of
L. Pla nt Makoi and Kasni to before the meal
extract the juice daily
Root Too t h Roots are boiled and mixed It is used as
sensitivity with sirka in small amount gargle for 2-3
times a day
Leaves & Joint pain 1/4 cup of leaves and flower 2 times a day
Flower of chicory are soaked in
one cup of boiling water
and brewed for 5-10 min
42 Glycyrrhiza glabra Mulethi Fabaceae Herb Wild/ Root Cold & Take pieces of mulethi Drink twice a
Linn. Cultivated Cough root, Tulsi 5-6 leaves day
Pudina 5-6 leaves and cook
at low flame for 15 min.
Filter it
 Root Digestion Take Mulethi powder, Twice a day for
problem Fennel powder and Amla 2 week with
powder. Mix all powder to water
make a churma
Root Mouth sores Mix Mulethi powder in Gargle 4-5
lukeworm water times a day

43 Ficus religiosa L. Peepa l Moraceae T ree Wild Bark Tooth decay Take barks of Pipal and 2-3 times a day
Banyan trees in equal
quantity and mix them
well. Boil the mixture in
hot water and use it for
rinsing the mouth
Fruit Constipation 5-10 fruits of the plant Once in a day
eaten raw

44 Cynodon dactylon Dub Poa cea e Grass Wild, Whole Menstrual Take the juice of dub grass 3-4 times a
(L.) Pers. Cultivated Pla nt problems and honey days
Whole Acidity Juice of dub (3-4 table 1 glass with
Pla nt spoon) and water (1 glass) empty stoma ch
for few days
(412)

Leaves Piles Paste of leaves taken with Once a day for

curd orally few days

45 Datura stramonium Datura Solanaceae Herb Wild Leaves Boils and Leaves of this plant are For few days
L. swelling warmed with Sarso oil and
applied on boils

Leaves Hair dandruff Leaves are boils in the 2 times in a

water and filter out the week
leaves and wash the hairs
with this water

Seed Baldness Oil extract from seed is 2-3 times in a

used on scalp week

46 Saraca asoca Ashok a Caesalpina- T ree Cultivated Bark Piles Prepare a decoction of Drink it daily
(Roxb.) Willd. nceae 90-100 g of bark, 360 ml
of water and 30 ml of milk.
Boil it till it reduces to
3/4 cup
 Flower Diabetes Extract the juice of dried Consume 15
flower by grinding them in drops of the
little water juice, 2 times a
day
Seed Urine Make a paste of seeds with Take 2 tsp
retention water daily
47 Eucalyptus Safeda Myrta ceae T ree Cultivated Leaves Cold, cough Pour the boiling water over Drink a cup 3
lanceolatus the leaves and leave it to times a day
steep for 10-15 min before
straining and drinking
Leaves Relieve pus The powder of the dried 2-3 times in a
and pain leaves of is burnt and the day
smoke coming from the
burnt leaves is exposed to
wounds
48 Euphorbia hirta L. Dudhi Euphorbiaceae Herb Wild Leaves Gonorrhaea Take 1 gram leaf paste 2-3 times in a
with a glass of milk day
Leaves Dysentery 1 gram leaves and grind to As per needed
make fine paste. Add pinch
of black pepper. Mix in a
(413)

glass of milk and drink

49 Bryophyllum P a t te r Crassulaceae Herb Wild Leaves Blood mixed Mix leaf juice 3 ml, Jeera Take regularly
calycinum Salisb. cha t diarrhea 3 g and ghee 6 g for few days
Leaves Boils Leaves are warmed with 2 times a days
Sarso oil on slow heat and
tied on the boils
Leaves Stone Decoction of leaves is 5-10 ml per
given day
50 Tinospora cordifolia Giloy Menisperma- Climbing Wild/ Stem Skin problems Giloy juice is taken with For 15 days
(Willd.) Miers ceae shrub cultivated Neem and Amla
Leaves After abortion 5 gof its leaves are crushed 2 to 3 ml in
or delivery together and its juice is half cup of
extracted water till
condition
improve
Leaves Diabetes Decoction are prepared Take regularly
from dry leaf powder of for few days
Giloy along with water
51 Tagetes erecta L. Genda, Asteraceae Herb Cultivated Leaves Stone Make a decoct of 20-30 ml Twice a day for
Marigold of Marigold leaves a week
Seed Cough Take 3-4 g of seed powder Orally, Twice
with equal amount of daily
mishri
Seed Erectile Take 3 g of seeds powder Once or twice a
dysfunction mix it with misri. Drink day
with a glass of milk
52 Trianthema portul- Sathi Aizoaceae Herb Wild Whole Typhoid Plant juice taken orally 3 ml juice twice
acastrum L. Pla nt a day for about
5 days
Whole Pain and 1 tsp fresh juice mixed Taken orally
Pla nts swellings of with 2 tsp honey properly twice a day for
joint a week
53 Ageratum Gandhili, Asteraceae Herb Leaves & Anal worm in Leaves and flowers are As per needed
conyzoides (L.) L. Ajgandha Flower children crushed, the extract or
juice is applied around the
anal region of children
54 Opuntia aciculata Nagphani Cactaceae Shrub Wild Whole Ast hma Root bark powder mixed Taken orally 2
Griffiths Pla nt with honey times a day for
(414)

few months
55 Eclipta alba (L.) Bhringraj Asteraceae Herb Wild/ Leaves Hair shining Leaf juice boiled with 3 times in a
Hassk. Cultivated and black Sesame oil, Coconut oil week
and Amla oil to make a
mixture
Leaves Memory of When mixed with Brahmi 2-3 times in a
kids and massaged on scalp of week
children
Leaves Dandruff Rub it on your scalp,wrap 1-2 times in a
a steamed towel for five week
minutes and then massage
some more oil again
56 Sola num nigrum L. Makoi Solanaceae Herb Wild Whole Liver disease Juice of the fresh plant Taken orally
Pla nt daily at
morning
Leaves Dog-bite Juice of leaves is applied 3-4 times a day
on wounds for one or two
week
57 Aegle marmelos Belpatra Rutaceae T ree Wild/ Fruit Epilepsy in A homogenous mixture of Regular use for
(L.) Corrêa Cultivated children fruit pulp and cow milk in 1 month
equal proportion

Fruit Dysentery Unripe fruit is powdered Taken orally,

and mixed with water 1-2 times a day
for 2-3 days

Fruit Stomach Pulp of the fruit is used to 1 tsp daily

disorder prepare morabba

58 Se samu m in dic um Tilcut Pedaliaceae Grasses/ Cultivated Seed Micturtion Grind 250 g Black til and Eat 2 ladoo per
L. Herb add 250 g of jaggery syrup days
in it and make a mixture.
Prepare 20-20 g ladoos

59 Calotropis gigantea Safed aak Asclepiadaceae Shrub Cultivated/ Bark Diarrhea Decoction of bark of Taken orally as
(L.) Dryand. Wild Safed aak are prepared per needed
Leaves Cough and cold The ash of the leaves As per needed
taken with water
60 Acacia nilotica (L.) Babul, Desi Fabaceae T ree Wild Gum Arthritis Babul gum powder 3 grams Continue for 1
Delile Kikar is added to a cup of water, m on t h
(415)

heated for 2-3 minutes

and consumed
Bark Burn area 1 kg bark and mixed with Applied 2-3
250 g of mustard oil 250 g times on burnt
boiled in water till it area
remains 1/5 th
Leaves Diarrhea Juice of leaves is extracted Once in a day
and taken orally

61 Terminalia chebula Harad Combretaceae T ree Cultivated Fruit Loose motion/ Fry 4-5 Harad with pure Twice a day
Retz. dysentery ghee. Take it with sugar
Fruit Piles Take 2-4 g powder of Taken orally,
Harad with jaggery twice a day for
few days
Fruit Pyorrhoea Make the fine powder by 2 times a day
grinding Harad and store it for few days
and rubbing this powder on
the teeth and gums
62 Allium sativum L. Lahsun Amaryllida- Herb Cultivated Bulb Ear pain 4-5 bulbils or Cloves are 1-2 drops of
ceae fried in Mustard oil, grinded the filtrate are
and filtered poured in ear

Bulb C om mo n The ash obtained from Given with

cold in burning bulbils of Garlic in breast milk 2-3
infa nts an ironpan, times in a day

63 Brassica campestris Sarso Brassicaceae Shrub Cultivated Seed Elephantiasis Grind the Mustard seed Apply on the
L. with cow urine. Paste is affected part
prepared for 24 hours

Seeds Ear pain 3 Garlic cloves in 30 g Morning and

mustard oil and cook them evening 2-2
in slow gas. If the Garlic drops pour in
becomes black, then let it both ears
cool down

Seed Phlegmatic Mix 1 tsp of honey in the Taken orally

cough quantity of 1 gram seed twice per day
powder
(416)

64 Allium cepa L. Paladu/ Liliaceae Herb Cultivated Bulb Night Peel the onion and extract 2-3 drops two
onion blindness the juice of it and add times a day
small amount of sangha
salts in it and then pour
into the eyes
 (417)

A total of 68 men (48%), 55 women reported that almost all parts of the different
(39%) and 19 traditional mender (13%) were plant species were utilized against some
interviewed. The informants were divided into common diseases. The most commonly used
three age groups (1) 31-45, (2) 46-60 and (3) plant parts in herbal preparations were leaves
61-75 years old. Majority of the informants followed by fruit, root seed, bark, whole plant,
belonged to age between 61-75 years. The stem, flower and bud (Figure-3). Similar to our
Eighty two were aged between 61-75 years, studies Ashfaq et al.,2; Bouasla and Bouasla5
42 between 46 - 60 years and 18 between 31- and Muthu et al., 13 also recorded that the
45 year. It has been reported that most of the majority of drugs were prepared in the form
knowledge about herbal plants has been passed of decoction from the leaves. Some times
to them by their parents and grandparents or more than one part of the same species mainly
some relatives who have vast knowledge of leaves and aerial parts (comprising stems,
human ailments and their cures. It was branches and flowers) were used in different
eminent during the survey that, the female herbal drug preparations. During survey, the
informants, in comparison to male members plants documented for treatment of different
have a remarkable knowledge about the diseases were mostly herbs followed by trees,
preparation and management of herbal drugs shrubs and climbers (Figure-2).
which reflect their role in house hold
management and disease treatment in order The plant species were most
to keep the family healthy. The names of the frequently used for treatment of cough and
plants species, its local name, mode of pain followed by Piles, Diabetes, Diarrhea,
administration as well as formulation methods Constipation, Boils, Micturtion, Dysentery,
of herbal preparations have been shown in urinary problems, intestinal worms etc.
Table -1. From the survey, it was also reported (Figure-4).
that most of the plants cited by local healers
are wildly available. The most common method for herbal
drugs preparation was decoction, followed by
The most cited plants families were powder, paste, extract (with oil/milk), and juice.
Fabaceae and Asteraceae with 5 species each Similar to our study, many ethnomedicinal
followed by Solanaceae (4 sp.); Amaranthaceae survey reports showed decoction being the
(3 sp.); Euphorbiaceae (2sp.); Moraceae
most frequent method for herbal drug
(2sp.); Piperaceae (2sp.), Combertaceae
preparations 20. In majority of the cases,
(2sp.), Poaceae (2sp.), Apocynaceae (2sp.);
decoction was given as a drink and in some
Brassicaceae (2sp.) and Asclepiadaceae
other cases, rubbed on the body to cure skin
(2sp.). There were twenty eight families with
1 species each. Parul et al., 2017 also reported related ailments. Paste and oil were mainly
Fabaceae as dominating family in an used externally to treat skin ailments. Paste
ethnobotanical survey of Gurugram district, was also plastered to set fractured bones or
Haryana. for muscular pain. Powder was taken orally
in majority of the cases. The powder prepared
During the investigation, it was was given orally either with honey, crystalline
 (418)

sugar, gur, cow milk and water. The dosages Financial Support :
of the medicinal preparation (quantity, doses,
frequency, period of use, etc.) were not very There is no any financial grant
precise, as it mainly varied based on application, received from any funding agency for this
disease, age, patients physical health, illness work.
severity, diagnosis and experience of traditional
healer. It was also observed in few cases that Conflict of Interest :
preparations consist of more than one plant
species in different combinations were used The authors declare that there is no
to treat same disease. conflict of interest.

From the present investigation, it was References :

concluded that the indigenous methods of
disease treatment were still an important part 1. Arumugam, G., P. Manjula, and N. Paari,
of culture and life in the studied area. The (2013). J. Acute Dis., 2(3): 196-200.
significant use of herbal remedies by the local 2. Ashfaq, S., M. Ahmad, M. Zafar, S. Sultana
and S. Bahadur, et al. (2019). Indian J.
people of the studied region indicates their
Tradit. Know., 18(2): 226-241.
interest in traditional medicines. However, lack
3. Ayyanar, M. and S. Ignacimuthu, (2011).
of properdocumentation, the traditional
J. Ethnopharmacol., 134(3): 851-64.
knowledge of local people is declining gradually. 4. Bhandari, M.M. (1990). Flora of Indian
Hence, there is a need of documentation of desert, Scientific Publisher Jodhpur, India,
information about herbal plants. It will be pp 1-471.
essential to adopt a sustainable management 5. Bouasla, A. and I. Bouasla, (2017).
strategy to avoid the rapid degradation of Phytomedicine, 36(1): 68-81.
biodiversity of the region. The present study 6. Buragohain, J. (2011). Recent Res. Sci.
will be very helpful in protecting the folkloreand Tech., 3(9): 31-42.
traditional knowledge of rural people and also 7. Jain, S.K (1975). Medicinal plants. NBT,
to transfer the knowledge to next generation. New Delhi, India, pp 1-162.
Further, the scientific validation of the plant 8. Jain, S.P., D.M. Verma, S.C. Singh, J. S.
Singh, and S. Kumar, (2000). Flora of
based remedies will build a roadmap or may
Haryana. Central Institute of medicinal
be helpful in discovery of new drugs.
and aromatic plants, Lucknow, India.
9. Kumar, S. (2001). Flora of Haryana,
The author s acknowledge the
Bishen Pal & Mahender Co. Dehradun,
contribution of villagers of Bahadurgarhsub- India, pp 1-507.
division for sharing their valuable knowledge, 10. Maheshwari, J.K. (1963). Flora of Delhi.
without their support this study would not have Council of Scientific and Industrial
been possible. Authors also acknowledge the Research (CSIR), Delhi, pp1-447.
logistic support facilitated by AIJHM College, 11. Mahmud, S., H. Shareef, M. Ahemad, S.
Rohtak, Haryana to carry out this study. Gouhar, and G.H. Rizwani, (2010). Pak.
 (419)

J. Bot., 42(6): 3705-3708. (2015). Int. J. environ. Nat. sci., 7: 13-

12. Mahwasane, S. T., L. Middleton, and N. 28.
Boaduo, (2013). S. Afr. J. Bot., 88: 69- 19. Thir umalai, T., E. Kelumalai, B.
75. Senthilkumar, and E. David, (2009).
13. Muthu, C., M. Ayyanar, N. Raja, and Ethnobotanical leaflets, 13: 1302-1311.
Ignacimuthu (2006). J Ethnobiol 20. Tshikalange, T.E., B.C. Mophuting, J.
Ethnomed., 2(43): 1-10. Mahore, S. Winterboer and N. Lall (2016).
14. Parul, Groach, R., M. Lal and B.D. Vashistha Afr. J. tradit. Complemant. Altern. Med.,
(2017). Int. J. dev. Res., 7(11): 16623- 13(3): 83-89.
16626. 21. Wachtel-Galor, S. and I.F.F. Benzie,
15. Singh, B. and J. Singh (2014). Phytodiver- (2011). Herbal Medicine: An introduction
sity, 1 (1&2): 7-24. to its history, usage, regulation, current
16. Singh, P. and S.S. Dash, (2014). Plant trends, and research needs. In: Benzie
discoveries, new genera, species and new IFF, Wachtel-Galor S, editors. Herbal
records. Botanical Survey of India, medicine: biomolecular and clinical
Kolkata. aspects. 2nd edition. Boca Raton (FL):
17. Sofowora, A. (1982). Medicinal plants CRC Press/Taylor & Francis.
and traditional medicine in Africa. John 22. Yadav, S.S. and M.S. Bhandoria, (2013).
Wiley & Sons Limited, New York, pp 1- Journal of medicinal plant research.
256. 7(18): 1263-1271.
18. Stephen, A., R. Suresh, and C. Livingstone