What is AI?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are
designed to think, learn, and perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. These tasks
include reasoning, problem-solving, language understanding, perception, and decision-making.
AI systems typically operate through algorithms and models that allow them to learn from data
and improve their performance over time.

Applications of AI
Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society. It is becoming essential for today's time
because it can solve complex problems with an efficient way in multiple industries, such as Healthcare,
entertainment, finance, education, etc. AI is making our daily life more comfortable and fast.

Following are some sectors which have the application of Artificial Intelligence:

1. AI in Astronomy

AI systems can automatically identify and classify celestial objects in astronomical images,
aiding in discovering new stars, galaxies, and other cosmic phenomena. In simple words, AI can
spot and sort out things in space by looking at pictures. It's like having a cosmic detective that
finds new stars, galaxies, and other mysterious objects without human help.

2. AI in Healthcare

AI is like a super helper for doctors when they look at pictures of the inside of a patient's body,
like X-rays or MRIs. It uses smart algorithms to find things like problems, tumors, or broken
bones very accurately. This means doctors can figure out what's going on faster and more
accurately, which is great for patients and for better diagnosis.

3. AI in Gaming
AI is like the brains behind game characters that aren't controlled by players. They make these
characters, called NPCs, act more like real people or clever enemies. They can learn from what
players do and change their behavior, which makes games more exciting and lifelike. Imagine
playing a game where the bad guys learn and adapt to your moves - that's what AI does.

4. AI in Finance

AI keeps an eye on bank transactions all the time. They act like super detectives who can spot
strange things happening with money, like someone using a credit card in a weird way. When
they see something fishy, they raise the alarm and help the bank stop bad people from stealing
money. This happens really fast, without needing people to check every transaction.
5. AI in Data Security
AI works as a digital detective. It looks at big piles of data and watches for anything strange or
out of the ordinary, like someone sneaking into a digital vault or trying to steal secrets. When it
sees something fishy, it raises the alarm, helping to keep important data safe from cyber-attacks.

6. AI in Social Media
AI helps as a guide on social media. It watches what you like and what you do, and then it
suggests things you might enjoy, like posts, videos, or ads. It acts as someone who knows your
tastes and shows you stuff you're really into, making your social media experience more
enjoyable and personalized.

7. AI in Travel & Transport

AI plays a crucial role in optimizing travel routes, be it for parcel deliveries, public
transportation, or personal trips. It efficiently calculates the swiftest and most economical paths
from one point to another point, resulting in reduced travel time, minimized fuel consumption,
and cost savings. Essentially, it serves as a pocket-sized travel advisor, enhancing the speed and
budget-friendliness of your journeys.

8. AI in Automotive Industry

AI is like the brain of self-driving cars. It looks at what's happening around the car using various
sensors and decides what the car should do, like turning or stopping. It's like having a super-
smart driver that doesn't need a person. This makes cars drive on their own, making travel more
convenient and safer because there's no need for a human to steer.

9. AI in Robotics:

AI makes robots really smart at moving around on their own. It's like giving them a built-in GPS
and a clever brain. They can figure out where to go and how to get there without bumping into
things or needing a person to show them the way. This helps them do tasks like delivering
packages or exploring places on their own, making them super independent.

10. AI in Entertainment
AI looks at what customers have liked before, such as movies or music, and suggests new things
that they might enjoy. It's like having a personal entertainment guide, making their experience
more enjoyable by offering just what they like.
Types of Artificial Intelligence:
Artificial Intelligence can be divided in various types, there are mainly two types of main
categorization which are based on capabilities and based on functionally of AI. Following is flow
diagram which explain the types of AI.

AI type-1: Based on Capabilities

1. Weak AI or Narrow AI:

o Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with intelligence.The most
common and currently available AI is Narrow AI in the world of Artificial Intelligence.
o Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only trained for one specific
task. Hence it is also termed as weak AI. Narrow AI can fail in unpredictable ways if it goes
beyond its limits.
o Apple Siriis a good example of Narrow AI, but it operates with a limited pre-defined range of
functions.
o IBM's Watson supercomputer also comes under Narrow AI, as it uses an Expert system approach
combined with Machine learning and natural language processing.
o Some Examples of Narrow AI are playing chess, purchasing suggestions on e-commerce site,
self-driving cars, speech recognition, and image recognition.
2. General AI:
o General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like
a human.
o The idea behind the general AI to make such a system which could be smarter and think like a
human by its own.
o Currently, there is no such system exist which could come under general AI and can perform any
task as perfect as a human.
o The worldwide researchers are now focused on developing machines with General AI.
o As systems with general AI are still under research, and it will take lots of efforts and time to
develop such systems.

3. Super AI:
o Super AI is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which machines could surpass human
intelligence, and can perform any task better than human with cognitive properties. It is an
outcome of general AI.
o Some key characteristics of strong AI include capability include the ability to think, to
reason,solve the puzzle, make judgments, plan, learn, and communicate by its own.
o Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of Artificial Intelligence. Development of such systems in
real is still world changing task.

Artificial Intelligence type-2: Based on functionality

1. Reactive Machines
o Purely reactive machines are the most basic types of Artificial Intelligence.
o Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future actions.
o These machines only focus on current scenarios and react on it as per possible best action.
o IBM's Deep Blue system is an example of reactive machines.
o Google's AlphaGo is also an example of reactive machines.
2. Limited Memory
o Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a short period of time.
o These machines can use stored data for a limited time period only.
o Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of Limited Memory systems. These cars can store
recent speed of nearby cars, the distance of other cars, speed limit, and other information to
navigate the road.

3. Theory of Mind
o Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions, people, beliefs, and be able to interact
socially like humans.
o This type of AI machines are still not developed, but researchers are making lots of efforts and
improvement for developing such AI machines.

4. Self-Awareness
o Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will be super intelligent,
and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, and self-awareness.
o These machines will be smarter than human mind.
o Self-Awareness AI does not exist in reality still and it is a hypothetical concept.