INSTRUCTION MANUAL

FOR
MEASUREMENT OF POWER IN THREE PHASE CIRCUIT
BY CT, PT & THREE PHASE WATTMETER
MODEL NO. ME 2423B

“MARS” made Measurement of Power In Three Phase Circuit by CT, PT and Three Phase Wattmeter has
been designed to measure the Power in Three-phase circuit.

The Experimental Setup consists of the following parts :

1. Three Nos. of Digital Ammeters of Range 0-20A AC of size 96*96mm Provided with Input Terminals.

2. Two Nos. of DigitalVoltmeter of Range 0-500V AC of size 96*96mm Provided with Input Terminals.

3. One No of Miniature Circuit Breaker of Range 415V/ 10Amps (MCB/TPN) Provided on the Input Side.

4. Three Nos of line indicator are provided on the front panel.

5. Two Nos of CT 10/5A are provided on the front panel.

6. Two Nos of PT 440/110V are provided on the front panel.

7. Circuit Diagram printed on Bakelite Sheet front panel with Instruments connecting Terminals.

8. Dimension : 1220 x 610 x 230 mm (L x B x H).

9. Power Requirement : Three Phase 415V AC

FIG. (1)

THEORY

THREE PHASE ELECTRIC POWER :

FIG. (2)
 Three-phase transformer with four wire output for 208Y/120 volt service: one wire for neutral, others for
A, B, and C phases.

THREE PHASE ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION :

Three-phase electric power is a common method of alternating-current electric power transmission.[1]
It is a type of polyphase system, and is the most common method used by electric power distribution grids
worldwide to distribute power. It is also used to power large motors and other large loads. A three-phase
system is generally more economical than others because it uses less conductor material to transmit electric
power than equivalent single-phase or two-phase systems at the same voltage.

In a three-phase system, three circuit conductors carry three alternating currents (of the same
frequency) which reach their instantaneous peak values at different times. Taking one conductor as the
reference, the other two currents are delayed in time by one-third and two-thirds of one cycle of the electrical
current. This delay between phases has the effect of giving constant power transfer over each cycle of the
current, and also makes it possible to produce a rotating magnetic field in an electric motor.

Three-phase systems may or may not have a neutral wire. A neutral wire allows the three-phase
system to use a higher voltage while still supporting lower-voltage single-phase appliances. In high-voltage
distribution situations, it is common not to have a neutral wire as the loads can simply be connected between
phases (phase-phase connection).

Three-phase has properties that make it very desirable in electric power systems:

* The phase currents tend to cancel out one another, summing to zero in the case of a linear balanced
load. This makes it possible to eliminate or reduce the size of the neutral conductor; all the phase
conductors carry the same current and so can be the same size, for a balanced load.

* Power transfer into a linear balanced load is constant, which helps to reduce generator and motor
vibrations.

* Three-phase systems can produce a magnetic field that rotates in a specified direction, which simplifies
the design of electric motors.

Three is the lowest phase order to exhibit all of these properties.

Most household loads are single-phase. In North America and some other countries, three-phase
power generally does not enter homes. Even in areas where it does, it is typically split out at the main
distribution board and the individual loads are fed from a single phase. Sometimes it is used to power electric
stoves and washing machines.
 The three phases are typically indicated by colors which vary by country. See the table for more

FIG. (3)
information.

FIG. (4)
Left/Middle: Elementary six-wire three-phase alternator, with each phase using a separate pair of
transmission wires.
Right: Elementary three-wire three-phase alternator, showing how the phases can share only three

GENERATION AND DISRIBUTION :

ANIMATION OF THREE PHASE CURRENT FLOW :

At the power station, an electrical generator converts mechanical power into a set of three alternating
electric currents, one from each coil (a.k.a. “winding”) of the generator. The windings are arranged such that
the currents vary sinusoidally at the same frequency, but with the peaks and troughs of their wave forms offset
to provide three complementary currents with a phase separation of one-third cycle (120° or 2ð/3 radians).
The generator frequency is typically 50 Hz or 60 Hz, varying by country. (See Mains power systems for more
detail.)

Large power generators provide an electrical current at a potential of a few hundred to about 30,000
volts. At the power station, transformers step this voltage up to one suitable for transmission.

After numerous further conversions in the transmission and distribution network, the power is finally
transformed to the standard utilization voltage for lighting and equipment. Single-phase loads are connected
from one phase to neutral, or between two phases. Three phase loads such as motors must be connected to
all three phases of the supply.

SINGLE PHASE LOADS :

Single-phase loads may be connected to a three-phase system in two ways. A load may be connected
across two of the three phase conductors, or a load can be connected from a live phase conductor to the
system neutral. Single-phase loads should be distributed evenly between the phases of the three-phase
system for efficient use of the supply transformer and supply conductors. Where the line-to-neutral voltage is
a standard utilization voltage (for example in a 240 V/415 V system), individual single-phase utility customers
or loads may each be connected to a different phase of the supply. Where the line-to-neutral voltage is not a
common utilization voltage, for example in a 347/600 V system, single-phase loads must be supplied by
individual step-down transformers.

In a symmetrical three-phase system, the system neutral has the same magnitude of voltage to each
of the three phase conductors. The voltage between phase conductors is “3 times the line to neutral voltage.

In multiple-unit residential buildings in North America, three-phase power is supplied to the building
but individual units have only single-phase power formed from two of the three supply phases. Lighting and
convenience receptacles are connected from either phase conductor to neutral, giving the usual 120 V. High-
power loads such as cooking equipment, space heating, water heaters, or air conditioning can be connected
across both live conductors to give 208V. This practice is common enough that 208 V single-phase equipment
is readily available in North America. Attempts to use the more common 120/240 V equipment intended for
three-wire single-phase distribution may result in poor performance since 240 V heating equipment will only
produce 75% of its rating when operated at 208 V.

Where three phase at low voltage is otherwise in use, it may still be split out into single phase service
cables through joints in the supply network or it may be delivered to a master distribution board (breaker
panel) at the customer’s premises. Connecting an electrical circuit from one phase to the neutral generally
supplies the country’s standard single phase voltage (120 V AC or 230 V AC) to the circuit.

The currents returning from the customers’ premises to the supply transformer all share the neutral
wire. If the loads are evenly distributed on all three phases, the sum of the returning currents in the neutral wire
is approximately zero. Any unbalanced phase loading on the secondary side of the transformer will use the
transformer capacity inefficiently.

If the supply neutral of a three-phase system with line-to-neutral connected loads is broken, the
voltage balance on the loads will no longer be maintained. The neutral point will tend to drift toward the most
heavily loaded phase, causing undervoltage conditions on that phase only. Correspondingly, the lightly-loaded
phases may approach the line-to-line voltage, which exceeds the line-to-neutral voltage by a factor of “3,
causing overheating and failure of many types of loads.

For example, if several houses are connected through a 240 V transformer, which is connected to one
phase of the three phase system, each house might be affected by the imbalance on the three phase system.
If the neutral connection is broken somewhere in the system, all equipment in a house might be damaged due
to over-voltage. A similar phenomenon can exist if the house neutral (connected to the center tap of the 240 V
pole transformer) is disconnected. This type of failure event can be difficult to troubleshoot if the drifting
neutral effect is not understood. With inductive and/or capacitive loads, all phases can suffer damage as the
reactive current moves across abnormal paths in the unbalanced system, especially if resonance conditions
occur. For this reason, neutral connections are a critical part of a power distribution network and must be
made as reliable as any of the phase connections.

Where a mixture of single-phase 120 volt lighting and three-phase, 240 volt motors are to be supplied,
a system called high leg delta is used.

A transformer for a high-leg delta system; 240 V 3-

phase motors would be connected to L1, L2, and L3. Single-
phase lighting would be connected L1 or L2 to neutral (N).
No loads would be connected from L3 (the high or wild leg)
to neutral, since the voltage would be 208 V.

THREE PHASE LOADS :

The most important class of three-phase load is
the electric motor. A three-phase induction motor has a simple FIG. (5) THE ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD OF
design, inherently high starting torque, and high efficiency. A THREE PHASE MOTOR.
Such motors are applied in industry for pumps, fans, blowers, compressors, conveyor drives, and many other
kinds of motor-driven equipment. A three-phase motor is more compact and less costly than a single-phase
motor of the same voltage class and rating; and single-phase AC motors above 10 HP (7.5 kW) are uncommon.
Three-phase motors also vibrate less and hence last longer than single-phase motors of the same power used
under the same conditions.

Resistance heating loads such as electric boilers or space heating may be connected to three-phase
systems. Electric lighting may also be similarly connected. These types of loads do not require the revolving
magnetic field characteristic of three-phase motors but take advantage of the higher voltage and power level
usually associated with three-phase distribution. Fluorescent lighting systems also benefit from reduced
flicker if adjacent fixtures are powered from different phases.

Large rectifier systems may have three-phase inputs; the resulting DC current is easier to filter
(smooth) than the output of a single-phase rectifier. Such rectifiers may be used for battery charging, electrolysis
processes such as aluminum production, or for operation of DC motors.

An interesting example of a three-phase load is the electric arc furnace used in steelmaking and in
refining of ores.

In much of Europe stoves are designed for a three-phase feed. Usually the individual heating units are
connected between phase and neutral to allow for connection to a single-phase supply. In many areas of
Europe, single-phase power is the only source available.

PHASE CONVERTERS :
Occasionally the advantages of three-phase motors make it worthwhile to convert single-phase power
to three-phase. Small customers, such as residential or farm properties, may not have access to a three-
phase supply, or may not want to pay for the extra cost of a three-phase service, but may still wish to use
three-phase equipment. Such converters may also allow the frequency to be varied allowing speed control.
Some locomotives are moving to multi-phase motors driven by such systems even though the incoming
supply to a locomotive is nearly always either DC or single-phase AC.

Because single-phase power goes to zero at each moment that the voltage crosses zero but three-
phase delivers power continuously, any such converter must have a way to store energy for the necessary
fraction of a second.

One method for using three-phase equipment on a single-phase supply is with a rotary phase converter,
essentially a three-phase motor with special starting arrangements and power factor correction that produces
balanced three-phase voltages. When properly designed these rotary converters can allow satisfactory operation
of three-phase equipment such as machine tools on a single-phase supply. In such a device, the energy
storage is performed by the mechanical inertia (flywheel effect) of the rotating components. An external
flywheel is sometimes found on one or both ends of the shaft.

A second method that was popular in the 1940s and 1950s was the transformer method. At that time,
capacitors were more expensive than transformers, so an autotransformer was used to apply more power
through fewer capacitors. This method performs well and does have supporters, even today. The usage of the
name transformer method separated it from another common method, the static converter, as both methods
have no moving parts, which separates them from the rotary converters.

Another method often attempted is with a device referred to as a static phase converter. This method
of running three-phase equipment is commonly attempted with motor loads though it only supplies T! power
and can cause the motor loads to run hot and in some cases overheat. This method does not work when
sensitive circuitry is involved such as CNC devices, or in induction and rectifier-type loads.

Some devices are made which create an imitation three-phase from three-wire single-phase supplies.
This is done by creating a third “subphase” between the two live conductors, resulting in a phase separation
of 180° “ 90° = 90°. Many three-phase devices can run on this configuration, but at lower efficiency.

Variable-frequency drives (also known as solid-state inverters) are used to provide precise speed and
torque control of three-phase motors. Some models can be powered by a single-phase supply. VFDs work by
converting the supply voltage to DC and then converting the DC to a suitable three-phase source for the motor.

Digital phase converters are designed for fixed-frequency operation from a single-phase source. Similar
to a variable-frequency drive, they use a microprocessor to control solid state power switching components to
maintain balanced three-phase voltages.

ALTERNATIVE OF THREE PHASE :

* Three-wire single-phase distribution is used when three-phase power is not available, and allows
double the normal utilization voltage to be supplied for high-power loads.

* Two-phase electric power, like three-phase, gives constant power transfer to a linear load. For loads
that connect each phase to neutral, assuming the load is the same power draw, the two-wire system has a
neutral current which is greater than neutral current in a three-phase system. Also motors are not entirely
linear, which means that despite the theory, motors running on three-phase tend to run smoother than those
on two-phase. The generators in the Adams Power Plant at Niagara Falls in the United States and Canada
which were installed in 1895 were the largest generators in the world at the time and were two-phase machines.
True two-phase power distribution is essentially obsolete. Special-purpose systems may use a two-phase
system for control. Two-phase power may be obtained from a three-phase system using an arrangement of
transformers called a Scott-T transformer.

* Monocyclic power was a name for an asymmetrical modified two-phase power system used by
General Electric around 1897, championed by Charles Proteus Steinmetz and Elihu Thomson. This system
was devised to avoid patent infringement. In this system, a generator was wound with a full-voltage single-
phase winding intended for lighting loads, and with a small (usually ¼ of the line voltage) winding which
produced a voltage in quadrature with the main windings. The intention was to use this “power wire” additional
winding to provide starting torque for induction motors, with the main winding providing power for lighting
loads. After the expiration of the Westinghouse patents on symmetrical two-phase and three-phase power
distribution systems, the monocyclic system fell out of use; it was difficult to analyze and did not last long
enough for satisfactory energy metering to be developed.

* High phase-order systems for power transmission have been built and tested. Such transmission
lines use six or 12 phases and employ design practices characteristic of extra-high voltage transmission
lines. High phase-order transmission lines may allow transfer of more power through a given transmission line
right-of-way without the expense of a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter at each end of the line.

TRANSFORMER :
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively
coupled conductors - the transformer’s coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying
magnetic flux in the transformer’s core, and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This
varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or “voltage” in the secondary winding. This
effect is called mutual induction.

If a load is connected to the secondary, an electric current will flow in the secondary winding and
electrical energy will be transferred from the primary circuit through the transformer to the load. In an ideal
transformer, the induced voltage in the secondary winding (VS) is in proportion to the primary voltage (VP), and
is given by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary (NS) to the number of turns in the primary (NP) as
follows:
VS NS
------ = ------
VP NP

By appropriate selection of the ratio of turns, a transformer thus allows an alternating current (AC)
voltage to be “stepped up” by making NS greater than NP, or “stepped down” by making NS less than NP.

In the vast majority of transformers, the windings are coils wound around a ferromagnetic core, air-
core transformers being a notable exception.

Transformers range in size from a thumbnail-sized coupling transformer hidden inside a stage
microphone to huge units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect portions of power grids. All operate
with the same basic principles, although the range of designs is wide. While new technologies have eliminated
the need for transformers in some electronic circuits,
transformers are still found in nearly all electronic devices
designed for household (“mains”) voltage. Transformers
are essential for high voltage power transmission, which
makes long distance transmission economically practical.

AUTO TRANSFORMER :
An autotransformer has only a single winding with
two end terminals, plus a third at an intermediate tap point.
The primary voltage is applied across two of the terminals,
and the secondary voltage taken from one of these and
the third terminal. The primary and secondary circuits
FIG. (6)
therefore have a number of windings turns in common. Since the volts-per-turn is the same in both windings,
each develops a voltage in proportion to its number of turns. An adjustable autotransformer is made by
exposing part of the winding coils and making the secondary connection through a sliding brush, giving a
variable turns ratio. Such a device is often referred to as a variac.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER :
A current transformer is a device for measuring a current flowing through a power system and inputting
the measured current to a protective relay system. Electrical power distribution systems may require the use
of a variety of circuit condition monitoring devices to facilitate the detection and location of system malfunctions.
Current transformers and current sensors are well known in the field of electronic circuit breakers, providing
the general function of powering the electronics within the circuit breaker trip unit and sensing the circuit
current within the protected circuit. Ground fault circuit breakers for alternating current distribution circuits are
commonly used to protect people against dangerous shocks due to line-to-ground current flow through someone’s
body. Ground fault circuit breakers must be able to detect current flow between line conductors and ground at
current levels. Upon detection of such a ground fault current, the contacts of the circuit breaker are opened to
deenergize the circuit. Current transformers are an integral part of ground fault circuit breakers. Current
transformer assemblies are often positioned between the line side of a trip unit of a circuit breaker and the
load side in order to monitor the current therebetween. Current transformers in electrical substations measure
the system currents at predetermined measuring points of the switchgear with a certain measurement
inaccuracy. The measuring points are typically located at all incoming and outgoing lines and possibly also
within the system, e.g. for the busbar protection. The current measurement signals are used for protective
functions, for monitoring the substation, for calculating performance data for operating purposes or for
consumption billing and for the representation on a display. The output of the current transformer provides a
representation of the current flowing through the assembly that is being monitored. Associated monitoring
and control instrumentation in combination with the current transformer may provide critical system functions
such as overload protection and power usage monitoring.

DEFINITION :
A current transformer raises or lowers the current of an AC circuit in a predictable manner dependent
on the ratio between the windings. For example, a 100:1 ratio current transformer, 100 amps flowing throw the
primary transformer winding will result in a current of 1 amp through the secondary winding. According to
Ohm’s Law, power is conserved; therefore, the effect of a current transformer on voltage is inverse to its effect
on current.

HOW DOES WORK :

A current transformer consists of primary and secondary coils of wire wrapped around a core, usually
made of steel or a nickel alloy. Transformer windings are electrically insulated from each other and from the
core. The winding connected to the power supply is called the primary winding. The transformer winding in
which current is induced is called the secondary winding.

As current passes through the primary winding, an electromagnetic field is produced which induces
a current in the electrically isolated secondary winding.The number of coils in a winding determine the amount
of current and voltage in the circuit. By altering the coil ratio between the primary and secondary winding, a
current transformer can alter the current, either stepping it up or down, while conserving power.

USES :
Current transformers are used in the AC power supplies of appliances, in ground fault circuit interrupter
circuit breakers, and in AC power supply grids.

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS :

A current transformer can function in:
· metering of power to track energy use
· monitoring of current flow through a circuit
· relay of power through an energy grid
· control of the state of a circuit (open or closed) in a ground fault circuit interrupter
· protection of instruments and appliances connected to AC power supplies

METERING FUNCTIONS :
Current across the secondary winding of a transformer is directly proportional to the current across
the primary winding. Direct measurement of current across the second winding allows an indirect calculation
of the current conducted across the primary winding. Measurements may be used for calculating energy
usage in power supply billing.

MONITORING FUNCTIONS :
Current measurements across the secondary winding may be used to monitor and display the current
conducted along a circuit or power line to check for spikes and drops.

RELAYING FUNCTIONS :
Power grid transformers may be used to increase or decrease the current of the power supply. A step-
up transformer increase the current and decrease the voltage of power from an energy plant generator before
transmission over long distance power lines. This reduces the costs of transmission by permitting use of
smaller power lines with less energy loss. Step-down transformers lower current at the point of use.

CONTROL FUNCTIONS :
Measurements from the secondary winding of a current transformer may trigger switches in controllers
such as ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) circuit breakers when measurements exceed allowed parameters.

PROTECTION FUNCTIONS :
Metering, monitoring, and control equipment used with AC power supplies can be damaged by high
currents. Transformers can step-down current so that appliance circuitry is protected. For this reason, current
transformers are often termed instrument transformers.

CURRENT TRANSFORMERS PERFORM CRITICAL ROLES IN THE USE OF ELECTRICITY :

Without current transformers, long distance transmission of electricity would not be cost-effective.
Home use of AC power would not be safe. The metering, monitoring, relaying, control and protection functions
of current transformers enable the essential role electricity plays in high technology societies.

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS :
Voltage transformers and potential transformers are used to measure voltage in electric circuits.
Their main role is to condition (step down) the voltage to be measured to levels suitable for the measuring
instrument. Voltage and potential transformers have a secondary voltage that is substantially proportional to
the primary voltage, but differs in phase by an angle that is approximately zero for an appropriate direction of
the connections. A low voltage transformer converts normal line voltage (120 VAC) to low voltage (typically 12
VAC). This lower voltage can then be used to power an incandescent low-voltage lamp. A dimmer is specifically
designed for an electronic low-voltage transformer. A low voltage lighting transformer converts 120-volt currents
to a relatively safe and energy efficient 12-volt (low-voltage) current for many outdoor lighting applications.

There are many different types of voltage transformers and potential transformers. A high voltage
transformer operates with high voltages. Typically, these voltage transformers are used in power transmission
applications, where voltages are high enough to present a safety hazard. A medium voltage transformer can
be connected directly to a primary distribution circuit and generally has the most load diversity. These voltage
and potential transformers have installation practices that are generally in accordance with application
recommendations from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Voltage transformers such
as a constant voltage transformer maintain a relatively constant output voltage for variations of up to 20% in
the input voltage. A transformer and voltage regulator is a transformer whose voltage ratio of transformation
can be adjusted. A variable voltage transformer is a transformer that changes voltage, such as changing the
ratio between primary and secondary coils. These voltage and potential transformers usually provide automatic
adjustment controls to maintain “constant” (regulated) voltage output.

Selecting voltage transformers and potential transformers requires and analysis of performance
specifications such as single-phase or three-phase primary configuration, primary frequency, maximum primary
voltage rating, maximum secondary voltage rating, maximum power rating, and output type. The size and
cost of a single-phase voltage transformer increases with the number of leads. A five-lead primary requires
more copy than a quad or 2+2 primary. A ladder is the least economical primary configuration. Three phase
voltage and potential transformers are connected in delta or wye configurations. A wye (Y) - delta transformer
has its primary winding connected in a wye and its secondary winding connected in a delta. A delta - wye (Y)
transformer has its primary winding connected in a delta and its secondary winding connected in a wye.

MEASUREMENT OF POWER :
Power measurements are made in high voltage circuits by connecting the wattmeter to the circuit
through current and potential transformers.The primary winding of the CT is connected in series with the load
and the secondary winding is connected in series with ammeter and the current coil of the wattmeter. The
primary winding of the potential transformer is connected across the supply lines and a voltmeter and the
potential of the circuit of the wattmeter are connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the transformer.
One secondary terminal of each transformer and casings are earthed.We have seen that both are subject to
ratio and phase angle errors. The errors in the good modern instruments are small and may be ignored for
many purposes. However, they may be considered in precision work. Also in some power measurements
these errors if not taken into account may lead to very inaccurate results.

Voltmeters and Ammeters are affected by only ratio errors while wattmeters are influenced by addition
in phase angle errors. Corrections for these errors can be made if these test information is available about
instrument transformers and their burdens.

If a network is supplied through n conductors, the

total power is measured by summing the reading of n LOAD
AC SUPPLY
wattmeter so arranged that a current element is in each
line and corresponding voltage element is connected
between that line and a common point. If the common point CT

is located on one of the line, then the power may be

measured by n-1 wattmeters. PT
A

Consider the simple case of a 3phase, Three

FIG. (7)
wattmeter wire system and load as show in above Fig. (7).
V

The Potential coil of the wattmeter are connected to a common point c. The Potential of point c is
different from that of the neutral point o of load. Let this difference by v.

The instantaneous power in the load :

P = v1 i1+ v2 i2+ v3 i3
Reading of wattmeter p1, p1 = v1’ i1: reading of wattmeter p2, p2= v2 i2
Reading of wattmeter p3p3 = v3’ i3
Now ‘ v1 = v + v1’, v =v+ v2 ‘, and v3 = v+ v3’,
 p1 = (v1 -v ) i1,p2 = (v2 -v) i2 and p3 = (v3 -v )i3.

Sum of the wattmeter reading = p1+p2+p3

= (v1 -v ) i1+ (v2 -v) i2 + (v13-v ) i3 = v1 i1+ v3 i1+ v3 i3-v (i1+ i2+ i3)
applying Kirchhoff’s Current Law i1+ i2+ i3 =
0
 Sum of the wattmeter reading = v1 i1+ v2 i2+ v3 i3 =
p.

Eqn. Represents the total Instantaneous Power

measured by the three wattmeter. Hence the sum of the
reading is equal to the total power in the load. FIG. (8)

The connections as employed for a 3 phase 4 wire system are shown in Fig. (8).

In this case, the common point c of pressure coils and the neutral 0 of the load coincide and therefore.
V =0
And v1 = v1’, v2 = v2 ‘,v3 = v3 ‘,
Sum of the Instantaneous reading of the wattmeter p= p1+p2+p3= v1 i1+ v2 i2+ v3 i3. Instantaneous power
of load = v1 i1+ v2 i2+ v3 i3. Hence these three wattmeters measure the power of load.

PROCEDURE

1. Connect the externel three phase input supply to the terminal provided on the front panel Ensure that
the power supply should be OFF.

2. Connect Ammeters by using Current Transformer to the respective terminals as shown in Fig. (1).

3. Connect Voltmeters by using Potential Transformer to the respective terminals as shown in Fig. (2).

4. Connect three phase four wire wattmeter to their respective terminals to the connection diagram as
M1, M2, M3, L1, L2, L3, C1, C2, C3 & N provided on the externel three phase wattmeter and panel
diagram.

5. Connect the Three Phase external load whose power is to be measured, to the output terminals of
the panel.

6. Switch ON the three phase input supply from mains board and set also switch ON the MCB/TPN
provided on the front panel.
OBSERVATION TABLE
S. VOLTMETER AMMETER THREE PHASE LOAD
NO. V1 (V) V2 (V) A1 (A) A2 (A) A3 (A) WATTMETER (W) PER STEPS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9. Switch ON the load in steps the wattmeter directly shows the three phase power consumed.

10. Now fill the Observation Table as per above voltage & load steps & note down the values of V1, V2,&
A1, A2, A3 at different load.

Precautions
1. All meters should be connected in correct polarity.
2. Supply should be switched OFF while making connections.
3. Do not touch terminals on panel while supply is ON .
4. Load should be introduced in steps .
5. Do not exceed beyond rated values .
6. All Connections should be tight and clean .
7. Do not Connect Ammeters and Voltmeters directly to the panel diagram use appropriate CT & PT.

STANDARD ACCESSORIES

1. Singlepoint Patchcords for Interconnections (Electrical). - 32 Nos.

2. Doublepoint Patchcords for Interconnections (Electrical). - 06 Nos.
2. Instruction Manual - 1 No.
3. Three/single phase resistive load - 1 No.
4. Three phase portable wattmeter - 1 No.