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AV314 Lab-5

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32 views5 pages

AV314 Lab-5

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junaidatta570
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Laboratory No: 05 Date: ________

Basic input/output operation of microcontroller: Traffic Light Simulator


Objective
To design, simulate, and implement a traffic light control system using a microcontroller. Utilize
Proteus software for simulation. The system will manage the timing and transitions of traffic lights to
ensure orderly and efficient traffic flow at an intersection.
Procedure
Compile the Code
• Open MikroC Pro for PIC.
• Create a new project and paste the above code.
• Compile the code to generate the hex file (traffic_light_control.hex).
o Start | Initialize Ports | Set Initial State | Is Button Pressed? -----> No -----> Reset Ports | Yes |
Red Light Sequence (10s) | Yellow Light Sequence (2s) | Green Light Sequence (15s) | Repeat
Set Up Simulation in Proteus
• Open Proteus and create a new project.
• Add the PIC18F4550 microcontroller to the project.
• Connect three LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) to the appropriate PORTC pins:
o Connect the Red LED to PORTC.F1.
o Connect the Yellow LED to PORTC.F2.
o Connect the Green LED to PORTC.F4.
• Connect current-limiting resistors (typically 220 ohms) in series with each LED.
• Connect the cathodes of the LEDs to ground.
• Add 4 DIGIT seven-segment displays (common Anode).
• Connect the segments of the seven-segment displays to PORTD through appropriate resistors.
• Use PORTE pins for multiplexing:
o Connect the common cathode of the first display to PORTE.F0.
o Connect the common cathode of the second display to PORTE.F1.
• Add a push button and connect it to PORTC.F0 with a pull-down resistor.
• Load the generated hex file into the PIC18F4550 microcontroller in Proteus.
• Simulate the circuit to ensure the traffic light sequence (Red, Yellow, Green) and the
countdown on the seven-segment displays work correctly.

Time Diagram
Time (s) Red Light (PORTC.F1) Yellow Light (PORTC.F2) Green Light (PORTC.F4) Display (7-Segment)

0-10 ON OFF OFF Countdown 10 to 1

10-15 OFF ON OFF Countdown 5 to 1


Time (s) Red Light (PORTC.F1) Yellow Light (PORTC.F2) Green Light (PORTC.F4) Display (7-Segment)

15-25 OFF OFF ON Countdown 10 to 1

Repeat Cycle repeats.

Simulation in Proteus
• Open Proteus and start the simulation.
• Press the button connected to PORTC.F0 to start the traffic light sequence.
• Observe the LEDs lighting up in the sequence: Red for 10 counts, Yellow for 2 counts, Green for
15 counts.
• Verify the countdown on the seven-segment displays corresponding to each light sequence:
o Red counts down from 10 to 1.
o Yellow counts down from 2 to 1.
o Green counts down from 15 to 1.
• Ensure the timing and transitions are correct as per the code.
Key Characteristics of Common Cathode vs. Common Anode
Feature Common Cathode Common Anode

Cathodes Connected to GND Connected to +Vcc

How Segments Turn ON Apply 0 (low) to the anode pin Apply 1 (high) to the cathode pin

Code Behavior 0 in PORTD lights the segment 1 in PORTD lights the segment
unsigned short mask(unsigned short num) { The mask function
switch (num) { converts the digit
case 0: return 0xC0; // 11000000: Segments a, b, c, d,
e, f to its
case 1: return 0xF9; // 11111001: Segments b, c corresponding
case 2: return 0xA4; // 10100100: Segments a, b, g, e, d seven-segment
case 3: return 0xB0; // 10110000: Segments a, b, g, c, d
case 4: return 0x99; // 10011001: Segments f, g, b, c encoding
case 5: return 0x92; // 10010010: Segments a, f, g, c, d
case 6: return 0x82; // 10000010: Segments a, f, g, e,
d, c
case 7: return 0xF8; // 11111000: Segments a, b, c
case 8: return 0x80; // 10000000: All segments ON
case 9: return 0x90; // 10010000: Segments a, b, g, c, f
default: return 0xFF; // All segments OFF
}
}

void display_countdown(unsigned short duration) {


unsigned short i, j;
for (i = duration; i > 0; i--) { This function
for (j = 0; j < 50; j++) { // Maintain the display for controls the time
~1 second
// Display units digit
and multiplexing
PORTD = mask(i % 10); // Get the units digit of 7seg display
PORTE.F0 = 1; // Enable right digit
delay_ms(10); // Delay for visibility
PORTE.F0 = 0; // Disable right digit

// Display tens digit


PORTD = mask(i / 10); // Get the tens digit
PORTE.F1 = 1; // Enable left digit
delay_ms(10); // Delay for visibility
PORTE.F1 = 0; // Disable left digit
}
}
}

void Red() {
PORTC.F1 = 1; PORTC.F2 = 0; PORTC.F4 = 0; // Turn on Red
light Traffic Light LED
display_countdown(10); // Countdown for 10 seconds
Control
}

void Yellow() {
PORTC.F1 = 0; PORTC.F2 = 1; PORTC.F4 = 0; // Turn on Yellow
light
display_countdown(5); // Countdown for 5 seconds
}

void Green() {
PORTC.F1 = 0; PORTC.F2 = 0; PORTC.F4 = 1; // Turn on Green
light
display_countdown(10); // Countdown for 10 seconds
}
void main() {
// Initialize ports
TRISC.F1 = 0; // Configure PORTC.F1 (Red LED) as output Initial Configuration
TRISC.F2 = 0; // Configure PORTC.F2 (Yellow LED) as output
TRISC.F4 = 0; // Configure PORTC.F4 (Green LED) as output
TRISD = 0x00; // Configure PORTD (7-segment display) as
output
TRISE = 0x00; // Configure PORTE (digit control) as output
TRISC.F0 = 1; // Configure PORTC.F0 (button input) as input

// Clear ports
PORTC = 0x00; // Turn off all LEDs
PORTD = 0x00; // Clear 7-segment display
PORTE = 0x00; // Disable both digits

while (1) {
if (PORTC.F0 == 1) { // Button pressed If Enable button is
Red(); pressed Control LED
Yellow(); on off
Green();
} else { // Button not pressed
PORTC = 0x00; // Turn off all LEDs
PORTD = 0x00; // Clear 7-segment display
}
}
}

Lab Tasks
1. Implement above code in Proteus, write pseudo code and explain working.

2. Develop a code for three traffic signals working on above principle (two traffic lights, 4 seven
segment display, 4 enable pins)

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