Networking

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 Java Networking
• Java Networking is a concept of connecting
two or more computing devices together so
that we can share resources.
• Java socket programming provides facility to
share data between different computing
devices.

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 Advantage of Java Networking

• sharing resources
• centralize software management

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 Java Networking Terminology

• The widely used java networking terminologies

are given below:
1. IP Address
2. Protocol
3. Port Number
4. MAC Address
5. Connection-oriented and connection-less
protocol
6. Socket

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 IP Address

• IP address is a unique number assigned to a

node of a network e.g. 192.168.0.1 . It is
composed of octets that range from 0 to 255.
• It is a logical address that can be changed.

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 Protocol

A protocol is a set of rules basically that is

followed for communication. For example:
• TCP
• FTP
• Telnet
• SMTP
• POP etc.

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 Port Number

• The port number is used to uniquely identify

different applications. It acts as a
communication endpoint between
applications.
• The port number is associated with the IP
address for communication between two
applications.

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 MAC Address

• MAC (Media Access Control) Address is a

unique identifier of NIC (Network Interface
Controller). A network node can have multiple
NIC but each with unique MAC.

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 Connection-oriented and connection-
less protocol
• In connection-oriented protocol,
acknowledgement is sent by the receiver. So it
is reliable but slow. The example of
connection-oriented protocol is TCP.
• But, in connection-less protocol,
acknowledgement is not sent by the receiver.
So it is not reliable but fast. The example of
connection-less protocol is UDP.

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 Socket

• A socket is an endpoint between two way

communication.

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 Java Socket Programming

• Java Socket programming is used for

communication between the applications running
on different JRE.
• Java Socket programming can be connection-
oriented or connection-less.
• Socket and ServerSocket classes are used for
connection-oriented socket programming and
DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket classes are
used for connection-less socket programming.
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 Java Socket Programming
The client in socket programming must know
two information:
• IP Address of Server, and
• Port number.

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 Socket class

• A socket is simply an endpoint for

communications between the machines.
• The Socket class can be used to create a
socket.

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 Important methods

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 ServerSocket class

• The ServerSocket class can be used to create a

server socket.
• This object is used to establish communication
with the clients.

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 Important methods

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 Example of Java Socket Programming

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(6666);
Socket s=ss.accept();//establishes connection
DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
String str=(String)dis.readUTF();
System.out.println("message= "+str);
ss.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}

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import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class MyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
Socket s=new Socket("localhost",6666);
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
dout.writeUTF("Hello Server");
dout.flush();
dout.close();
s.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}

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 Example of Java Socket Programming
(Read-Write both side)
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
class MyServer{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(3333);
Socket s=ss.accept();
DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String str="",str2="";
while(!str.equals("stop")){
str=din.readUTF();
System.out.println("client says: "+str);
str2=br.readLine();
dout.writeUTF(str2);
dout.flush();
}
din.close();
s.close();
ss.close();
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}}
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
class MyClient{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
Socket s=new Socket("localhost",3333);
DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(System.in));

String str="",str2="";
while(!str.equals("stop")){
str=br.readLine();
dout.writeUTF(str);
dout.flush();
str2=din.readUTF();
System.out.println("Server says: "+str2);
}

dout.close();
s.close();
}}
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 Java URL

• The Java URL class represents an URL. URL is

an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator.
• It points to a resource on the World Wide
Web.
• https://www.krishnacollege.ac.in/pages/comp
uter-science.html

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 A URL contains many information
1. Protocol: In this case, http is the protocol.
2. Server name or IP Address: In this case, www.
krishnacollege.ac.in is the server name.
3. Port Number: It is an optional attribute. If we
write http//www.krishnacollege.ac.in:80/pages/
, 80 is the port number. If port number is not
mentioned in the URL, it returns -1.
4. File Name or directory name: In this case,
index.php is the file name.
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 Commonly used methods of Java URL
class

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 Example of Java URL class
//URLDemo.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class URLDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
URL url=new URL("http://www.krishnacollege.ac.in");
System.out.println("Protocol: "+url.getProtocol());
System.out.println("Host Name: "+url.getHost());
System.out.println("Port Number: "+url.getPort());
System.out.println("File Name: "+url.getFile());

}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}

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 Java URLConnection class

• The Java URLConnection class represents a

communication link between the URL and the
application. This class can be used to read and
write data to the specified resource referred
by the URL.

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 How to get the object of
URLConnection class
• The openConnection() method of URL class
returns the object of URLConnection class.
• Syntax:
public URLConnection openConnection()throws
IOException{}

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 Displaying source code of a webpage
by URLConnecton class
• The URLConnection class provides many
methods, we can display all the data of a
webpage by using the getInputStream()
method.
• The getInputStream() method returns all the
data of the specified URL in the stream that
can be read and displayed.

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Example of Java URLConnection class
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class URLConnectionExample {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
URL url=new URL(" http://www.krishnacollege.ac.in ");
URLConnection urlcon=url.openConnection();
InputStream stream=urlcon.getInputStream();
int i;
while((i=stream.read())!=-1){
System.out.print((char)i);
}
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
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 Java InetAddress class

• Java InetAddress class represents an IP

address.
• The java.net.InetAddress class provides
methods to get the IP of any host name for
example www.google.com,
www.facebook.com etc.

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 Commonly used methods of
InetAddress class

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 Example of Java InetAddress class
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class InetDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
InetAddress
ip=InetAddress.getByName("www.krishnacollege.ac.in");
System.out.println("Host Name: "+ip.getHostName());
System.out.println("IP Address: "+ip.getHostAddress());
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}
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 Java DatagramSocket and
DatagramPacket
• Java DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket
classes are used for connection-less socket
programming.

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 Java DatagramSocket class

• Java DatagramSocket class represents a

connection-less socket for sending and
receiving datagram packets.
• A datagram is basically an information but
there is no guarantee of its content, arrival or
arrival time.

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 Commonly used Constructors of
DatagramSocket class
• DatagramSocket() throws SocketEeption: it
creates a datagram socket and binds it with the
available Port Number on the localhost machine.
• DatagramSocket(int port) throws SocketEeption:
it creates a datagram socket and binds it with the
given Port Number.
• DatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress address)
throws SocketEeption: it creates a datagram
socket and binds it with the specified port
number and host address.
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 Java DatagramPacket class

• Java DatagramPacket is a message that can be

sent or received. If you send multiple packet,
it may arrive in any order. Additionally, packet
delivery is not guaranteed.

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 Commonly used Constructors of
DatagramPacket class
• DatagramPacket(byte[] barr, int length): it
creates a datagram packet. This constructor is
used to receive the packets.
• DatagramPacket(byte[] barr, int length,
InetAddress address, int port): it creates a
datagram packet. This constructor is used to
send the packets.

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 Example of Sending DatagramPacket
by DatagramSocket
//DSender.java
import java.net.*;
public class DSender{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
String str = "Welcome java";
InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");

DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(str.getBytes(),

str.length(), ip, 3000);
ds.send(dp);
ds.close();
}
}
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Example of Receiving DatagramPacket
by DatagramSocket
//DReceiver.java
import java.net.*;
public class DReceiver{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(3000);
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, 1024);
ds.receive(dp);
String str = new String(dp.getData(), 0, dp.getLength());
System.out.println(str);
ds.close();
}
}
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