1)Write a Simple script to read user input and perform addition operations
echo -n "Enter number 1 : " # -n option supresses newline
read NUM1 # Read the user input from Standard Input and store in Variable NUM1
echo -n "Enter number 2 : "
read NUM2
SUM=$(($NUM1 + $NUM2)) # Arithmetic expansion using double parentheses
echo "The sum is $SUM"
SUM=`expr $NUM1 + $NUM2` # Arithmetic expansion using backticks.
#Usage of expr command to evaluate the expression
echo "The sum is $SUM"
2) Write a Shell script program to print today’s date, calendar & type of shell.
#! /bin/bash
echo "Today's date : `date`"
echo "this month calender: `cal`"
echo "My Shell : $SHELL"
3) Write a Shell script program to print path and current working directory.
4) Write a shell script program to demonstrate the working of constant variable.
#!/bin/bash
# Declare a constant variable
readonly CONSTANT_VAR="Hello, World!"
# Display the constant variable
echo "The value of CONSTANT_VAR is: $CONSTANT_VAR"
# Try to modify the constant variable (this will generate an error)
echo "Attempting to change the value of CONSTANT_VAR..."
CONSTANT_VAR="New Value"
# Display the constant variable again
echo "The value of CONSTANT_VAR is still: $CONSTANT_VAR"
5) Write a shell script program to print number from 1 to 10 using until loop
#!/bin/bash
# Initialize the counter variable
counter=1
# While loop to print numbers from 1 to 10
while [ $counter -le 10 ];
do
echo $counter
counter=$((counter + 1)) # Increment the counter
done
Until loop
#!/bin/bash #
Initialize the variable
num=1
# Use until loop to print numbers from 1 to 10
until [ $num -gt 10 ]
do
echo $num
num=$((num + 1))
done
6) Write a shell script program to print the Fibonacci series of the term.
#!/bin/bash
# Prompt the user to enter the number of terms for the Fibonacci series
read -p "Enter the number of terms: " n
# Check if the input is valid (positive integer)
if [ $n -le 0 ]; then
echo "Please enter a positive integer."
exit 1 # Exit the script if the input is invalid
fi
# Initialize the first two terms of the Fibonacci series
a=0 # First term
b=1 # Second term
echo "Fibonacci series up to $n terms:"
# Loop to generate the Fibonacci series
for (( i=1; i<=n; i++ ))
do
# Print the current term
echo -n "$a " # -n ensures the numbers are printed on the same line
# Calculate the next term in the series
fib=$((a + b)) # Add the previous two terms
a=$b # Update `a` to the value of `b`
b=$fib # Update `b` to the value of the new term
done
# Print a newline for better formatting
echo
7) Write a shell script program to print numbers from 1 to 100 using while loop.
#!/bin/bash
# Initialize the counter
num=1
echo "Numbers from 1 to 100:"
# Loop to print numbers from 1 to 100
while [ $num -le 100 ]; do
echo $num
num=$((num + 1)) # Increment the counter
done
8) Write a shell script to find the factorial of given integer.
#!/bin/bash
# Prompt the user for an integer
read -p "Enter a positive integer: " num
# Validate input
if [[ $num -lt 0 ]]; then
echo "Factorial is not defined for negative numbers."
exit 1
fi
# Initialize variables
factorial=1
i=1
# Calculate factorial using a while loop
while [ $i -le $num ]; do
factorial=$((factorial * i))
i=$((i + 1))
done
# Output the result
echo "The factorial of $num is: $factorial"
9) Write a shell script that displays a list of all the files in the current directory
#!/bin/bash
# Display a message
echo "Listing all files in the current directory:"
# Use the 'ls' command to list files
ls -l
10) Write a shell script called hello which outputs the following:
• your username
• the time and date
• who is logged on
• also output a line of asterisks (*********) after each section.
#!/bin/bash
# Display the username
echo "Your username:"
whoami
echo "*********"
# Display the current time and date
echo "The current time and date:"
date
echo "*********"
# Display who is logged on
echo "Who is logged on:"
who
echo "*********"
11) Write the shell script program to demonstrate the working of command line arguments
such as $0, $#, $* & $?.
#!/bin/bash
# Display the name of the script (stored in $0)
echo "Script name: $0"
# Display the total number of arguments passed (stored in $#)
echo "Number of arguments passed: $#"
# Display all the arguments as a single string (stored in $*)
echo "All arguments as a single string: $*"
# Demonstrate the exit status of the last command (stored in $?)
echo "Running a sample command (ls)..."
ls # Run `ls`
echo "Exit status of the last command: $?"
12) Write a shell script to echo the string length of the given string as argument.
#!/bin/bash
# Check if a string argument is provided
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 <string>"
exit 1
fi
# Store the input string
input_string="$1"
# Calculate the length of the string
string_length=${#input_string}
# Print the length of the string
echo "The length of the string '$input_string' is: $string_length"
13) Write a shell script to combine any three text files into a singorder as they appear in the
arguments) and display the word count.
#!/bin/bash
# Check if exactly three file arguments are provided
if [ $# -ne 3 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 <file1> <file2> <file3>"
exit 1
fi
# Assign the arguments to variables for clarity
file1="$1"
file2="$2"
file3="$3"
# Combined output file
output_file="combined_file.txt"
# Combine the files into a single file
cat "$file1" "$file2" "$file3" > "$output_file"
# Check if the combination was successful
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Error: Failed to combine files."
exit 1
fi
# Display the word count of the combined file
word_count=$(wc -w < "$output_file")
echo "The combined file '$output_file' contains $word_count words."
# Optionally, display the content of the combined file (uncomment the line below)
# cat "$output_file"
14) Write a shell script program to print numbers from 1 to 100 in reverse order using for
loop
#!/bin/bash
# Print numbers from 100 to 1 in reverse order
for (( i=100; i>=1; i-- ))
do
echo $i
done
15) Write shell script program to print even numbers from 1 to 100 using for loop
16) Write shell script program to print environment variables / predefined variables.
