NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superseded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or

discontinued.¬Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.
Designation: A 409/A409M – 95ae1 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

Standard Specification for

Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive
or High-Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 409/A409M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

e1 NOTE—The Celsius conversion in 5.3.1 was corrected editorially in May 1996.

1. Scope A 530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for

1.1 This specification2 covers straight seam or spiral seam Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe4
electric-fusion-welded, light-wall, austenitic chromium-nickel E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)4
alloy steel pipe for corrosive or high-temperature service. The 2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
sizes covered are NPS 14 to 30 with extra light (Schedule 5S) Section IX Welding Qualifications.5
and light (Schedule 10S) wall thicknesses. Table X1.1 shows 2.3 AWS Standards:6
the wall thickness of Schedule 5S and 10S pipe. Pipe having A 5.22 Flux Cored Arc Welding
other dimensions may be furnished provided such pipe com- A 5.30 Consumable Weld Inserts for Gas Tungsten Arc
plies with all other requirements of this specification. Welding
1.2 Several grades of alloy steel are covered as indicated in A 5.4 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-
Table 1. Nickel Steel Covered Welding Electrodes
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided. A 5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-
These call for additional tests to be made, and when desired Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes
shall be stated in the order, together with the number of such A 5.11 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Covered Welding Elec-
tests required. trodes
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units A 5.14 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Rods and
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the Electrodes
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each 3. Ordering Information
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the 3.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- the following, as required, to describe the desired material
cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” adequately:
designation of this specification is specified in the order. 3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (straight seam or spiral seam
NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has electric-fusion-welded austenitic steel pipe),
been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal 3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and schedule number, or wall
2. Referenced Documents thickness).
3.1.5 Length (specific or random) (Section 11),
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.6 End finish (Section on Ends of Specification A 530/
A 240 Specification for Heat-Resisting Chromium and A 530M),
Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip 3.1.7 Optional requirements (5.2.1-5.2.3 removal of weld
for Pressure Vessels3 bead; 5.3.2, special heat treatment; 15.2, nondestructive test;
A 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu- 10.1.1, outside diameter tolerance; 11.2, length circumferen-
lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels3 tially welded; 12.3, repair by welding and heat treatment
subsequent to repair welding; 12.4, sand blasted or pickled;
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
17.1 Certification; Supplementary Requirements S1 to S6).
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.10 on Steel Tubing.
4
Current edition approved Oct. 10 and Nov. 10, 1995. Published March 1996. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
5
Originally published as A 409 – 57 T. Last previous edition A 409 – 92. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- New York, NY 10017.
6
cation SA-409 in Section II of that Code. Available from American Welding Society, 550 Le Jeune Road, P.O. Box
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. 351040, Miami, FL 33135.

1
 A 409/A409M
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

Grade UNS Composition, %

Designa-
Car- Man- Phos- Sulfur, Sili- Nickel Chromium Molyb- Tita- Colum- Cerium Other Elements
tionsA
bon, ganese, phorus, max con denum nium bium
max max max
TP304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 8.00–11.0 18.0–20.0 ... ... ... ... ...
TP304L S30403 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 8.00–13.0 18.0–20.0 ... ... ... ... ...
TP309Cb S30940 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 12.0–16.0 22.0–24.0 0.75 max ... ... ... Cu 0.75 max; Cb
+ Ta 10 3 C
min, 1.10 max
Cu 0.75 max
Cu 0.75 max; Cb
+ Ta 10 3 C
min, 1.10 max
TP309S S30908 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 12.0–15.0 22.0–24.0 0.75 max ... ... ... Cu 0.75 max
TP310Cb S31040 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 19.0–22.0 24.0–26.0 0.75 max ... ... ... ...

TP310S S31008 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 19.0–22.0 24.0–26.0 0.75 max . . . . . . . . .
TP316 S31600 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 10.0–14.0 16.0–18.0 2.0–3.0 . . . . . . . . .
TP316L S31603 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 10.0–15.0 16.0–18.0 2.0–3.0 . . . . . . . . . ...
TP317 S31700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 11.0–14.0 18.0–20.0 3.0–4.0 . . . . . . . . . ...
B
TP321 S32100 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 9.00–13.0 17.0–20.0 ... . . . . . . ...
C
TP347 S34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 9.00–13.0 17.0–20.0 ... ... . . . ...
D
TP348 S34800 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 9.00–13.0 17.0–20.0 ... ... . . . ...
... S31254 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 max 17.5–18.5 19.5–20.5 6.00–6.50 ... ... . . . Cu 0.50–1.00
N 0.180–0.220
... S30815 0.05–0.10 0.80 0.040 0.030 1.40–2.00 10.0–12.0 20.0–22.0 ... ... ... 0.03–0.08 N 0.14–0.20
... S31725 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 13.5–17.5 18.0–20.0 4.0–5.0 ... ... ... Cu 0.75 max
N 0.10 max
... S31726 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 max 13.5–17.5 17.0–20.0 4.0–5.0 ... ... ... Cu 0.75 max
N 0.10–0.20
... S24565 0.03 5.0–7.0 0.030 0.010 1.00 max 16.0–18.0 23.0–25.0 4.0–5.0 ... 0.1 ... N 0.4–0.6
max
... N08367 0.03 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 max 23.50–25.50 20.00–22.00 6.00–7.00 ... ... ... Cu 0.75 max
Ni 0.18–0.25
A
New designation established in accordance with ASTM E 527 and SAE J 1086, Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS).
B
The titanium content shall be not less than 5 times the carbon content and not more than 0.70 %.
C
The columbium plus tantalum content shall be not less than 10 times the carbon content and not more than 1.0 %.
D
The columbium plus tantalum content shall be not less than 10 times the carbon content and not more than 1.0 %. The tantalum content shall be 0.10 % maximum.

3.1.8 Specification designation, and irregularities. The weld metal shall be fused uniformly into the
3.1.9 Special requirements. plate surface. No concavity of contour is permitted unless the
resulting thickness of weld metal is equal to or greater than the
4. General Requirements minimum thickness of the adjacent base metal.
4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to 5.2.3 Weld defects, as determined by specified inspection
the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi- requirements, shall be repaired by removal to sound metal and
cation A 530/A 530M, unless otherwise provided herein. rewelding.
5.3 Heat Treatment:
5. Materials and Manufacture 5.3.1 Except as provided in 5.3.2, all pipe shall be furnished
5.1 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser in the heat-treated condition. The heat-treatment procedure
it shall be stated on the order. shall consist of heating the material to a minimum temperature
5.2 Welding: of 1900°F [1040°C], except for S31254 and S30815 which
5.2.1 The welds shall be made by the manual or automatic shall be heat treated to 2100°F [1150°C] and 1920°F [1050°C]
electric-welding process. For manual welding, the operator and respectively, S24565 which shall be heat treated in the range
procedure shall be qualified in accordance with the ASME 2050°F [1120°C] to 2140°F [1170°C], and N08367, which
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Unless otherwise shall be heated to a minimum temperature of 2025°F [1107°C],
specified on the purchase order, the pipe may be welded with all materials to be followed by quenching in water or rapidly
or without filler metal when the automatic electric-welding cooling by other means.
process is used. 5.3.2 The purchase order shall specify one of the following
5.2.2 The weld surface on either side of the weld may be conditions if the heat-treated condition specified in 5.3.1 is not
flush with the base plate or may have a reasonably uniform desired by the purchaser:
crown, not to exceed 1⁄16 in. [2 mm]. Any weld reinforcement 5.3.2.1 A final heat-treatment temperature under 1900°F
may be removed at the manufacturer’s option or by agreement [1040°C]. Each pipe supplied under this requirement shall be
between the manufacturer and purchaser. The contour of the stenciled with the final heat-treatment temperature in degrees
reinforcement should be reasonably smooth and free from Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius after the suffix “HT”. Controlled

2
 A 409/A409M
structural or special service characteristics may be specified as needed for corrosion resistance.
a guide for the most suitable heat treatment.
5.3.2.2 No final heat treatment of pipe fabricated of plate, 7. Tensile Requirements
that has been solution heat treated at temperatures required by 7.1 The tensile properties of the plate or sheet used in
this specification. Each pipe supplied under this requirement making the pipe shall conform to the requirements prescribed
shall be stenciled with the suffix “HT-O”. in Table 3. Certified mill test reports shall be submitted to the
5.3.2.3 No final heat treatment of pipe fabricated of plate, pipe manufacturer.
that has not been solution heat treated. Each pipe supplied 7.2 A transverse tension test taken across the welded joint of
under this requirement shall be stenciled with the suffix the finished pipe shall meet the same minimum tensile strength
“HT-SO”. requirements as the sheet or plate. The weld section on the
5.4 A solution annealing temperature above 1950°F tension specimen shall be in the same condition as the finished
[1065°C] may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion pipe (with or without bead as specified).
after subsequent exposure to sensitizing conditions in TP321,
TP347, and TP348. When specified by the purchaser, a lower 8. Mechanical Tests Required
temperature stabilization or re-solution anneal shall be used 8.1 Tension Test—One transverse tension test of the weld
subsequent to the initial high temperature solution anneal (see shall be made on each lot (Note 2) of finished pipe.
Supplementary Requirement S5).
NOTE 2—The term “lot” applies to each 200 ft [60 m] or less of pipe of
6. Chemical Composition the same NPS and wall thickness (or schedule number) which is produced
from the same heat of steel and subjected to the same finishing treatment
6.1 Each type of stainless steel or alloy shall conform to the in a continuous furnace. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type
requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. furnace, the lot shall include only that pipe which is heat treated in the
6.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the same furnace charge. When no heat treatment is performed following final
chemical composition of the welding filler metal shall conform forming operations, the lot shall include each 200 ft [60 m] or less of pipe
to the requirements of the applicable AWS specification for the of the same NPS and wall thickness (or schedule number) which is
corresponding grade shown in Table 2. Grades with no filler produced from the same heat of steel.
metal classification indicated shall be welded with filler metals 8.2 Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Test—One test (two
producing deposited weld metal having a composition in specimens) of the weld shall be made on each lot (Note 2) of
accordance with the chemical composition specified in Table 1. finished pipe.
The method of analysis for nitrogen and cerium shall be a 8.3 Pressure or Nondestructive Electric Test—Each length
matter of agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer. of pipe shall be subjected to a pressure test or a nondestructive
The purchaser may choose a higher-alloy filler metal when electric test as prescribed in Section5.

TABLE 2 Filler Metal Specifications

3
 A 409/A409M
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements 11.3 Circumferentially welded joints shall be of the same
quality as the longitudinal joints.
Grade UNS Tensile Strength, Yield Strength,
Designation min, ksi [MPa] min, ksi [MPa]
12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
TP304 S30400 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP304L S30403 70 [485] 25 [170] 12.1 The finished pipe shall have a workmanlike finish.
TP309Cb S30940 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP309S S30908 75 [515] 30 [205]
12.2 Repair of Defects by Machining or Grinding—Pipe
TP310Cb S31040 75 [515] 30 [205] showing moderate slivers or other surface defects may be
TP310S S31008 75 [515] 30 [205] machined or ground inside or outside to a depth which will
TP316 S31600 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP316L S31603 70 [485] 25 [170]
ensure the removal of all defects providing the wall thickness
TP317 S31700 75 [515] 30 [205] is not reduced below the minimum specified in 9.1.
TP321 S32100 75 [515] 30 [205] 12.3 Repair of Defects by Welding—Defects which violate
TP347 S34700 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP348 S34800 75 [515] 30 [205]
minimum wall thickness may be repaired by welding, but only
... S31254 94 [650] 44 [300] with the approval of the purchaser. Areas shall be suitably
... S30815 87 [600] 45 [310] prepared for welding with tightly closed defects removed by
... S31725 75 [515] 30 [205]
... S31726 80 [550] 35 [240]
grinding. Open, clean defects, such as pits or impressions, may
... S24565 115 [795] 60 [415] require no preparation. All welders, welding operators, and
... N08367 weld procedures shall be qualified to the ASME Boiler and
t # 0.187 100 [690] 45 [310]
t > 0.187 95 [655] 45 [310] Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Unless the purchaser speci-
fies otherwise, pipe required to be heat treated under the
provisions of 5.3 shall be heat treated or reheat treated
9. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness following repair welding. Repaired lengths, where repair depth
9.1 The minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be is greater than 1⁄4of the thickness, shall be pressure tested or
more than 0.018 in. [0.46 mm] under the specified wall repressure tested after repair and heat treatment (if any). Repair
thickness. (This tolerance is slightly more than commercial welds shall also be examined by suitable non-destructive
tolerances on sheet and plate to allow for possible loss of examination techniques, including any techniques specifically
thickness caused by manufacturing operations.) required of the primary weld.
12.4 The pipe shall be free of scale and contaminating iron
10. Permissible Variations in Dimensions particles. Pickling, blasting, or surface finishing is not manda-
10.1 Permissible variations in dimensions shall not exceed tory when pipe is bright annealed. The purchaser may request
the following at any point in each length of pipe. that a passivating treatment be applied.
10.1.1 Specified Diameter—Where the specified wall thick-
ness is less than 0.188 in. [4.8 mm], the actual outside 13. Test Specimens
diameter, based on circumferential measurement, shall not vary 13.1 Transverse tension and bend test specimens may be
more than 60.20 % from the specified outside diameter. Where taken from a test plate of the same material as the pipe, made
the specified wall thickness is 0.188 in. [4.8 mm] and heavier, by attaching a formed cylinder to the end of the pipe and
the actual outside diameter, based on circumferential measure- welding the abutting edges as a continuation and duplication of
ment, may vary a maximum of 60.40 % from the specified the seam of the pipe (run-off plate). As an alternative to a
outside diameter. (Outside diameter tolerances closer than formed cylinder, the run-off plate may consist of flat plates
shown above may be obtained by agreement between the pipe with reinforcing bars clamped to the underside to prevent
manufacturer and purchaser.) distortion. The run-off plate material shall be of the same heat,
10.1.2 Out-of-Roundness—The difference between the ma- preferably shear croppings from the same plate.
jor and the minor outside diameter shall not be more than 1.5 % 13.2 When heat treatment is required, test specimens shall
of the specified outside diameter. be cut from pipe after the heat treating has been completed, or
10.1.3 Alignment (Camber)—Using a 10-ft [3.0-m] specimens removed from the pipe prior to heat treating shall be
straightedge placed so that both ends are in contact with the heat treated with the pipe.
pipe, the camber shall not be more than 3⁄16 in. [4.8 mm].
14. Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Tests
11. Lengths
14.1 Two bend test specimens shall be taken transversely
11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, pipe
across the weld. One shall be subject to a face guided-bend test
of NPS 22 or less will be furnished in random lengths of 9 to
and the second to a root guided-bend test. One specimen shall
12 ft (Note 3). For outside diameters of over NPS 22, the
be bent with the inside surface of the pipe against the plunger,
minimum length will be 5 ft (Note 3).
and the other with the outside surface against the plunger.
NOTE 3—This value(s) applies when the inch-pound designation of this 14.2 The bend test shall be acceptable if no cracks or other
specification is the basis of purchase. The corresponding metric value(s) defects exceeding 1⁄8 in. [3 mm] in any direction are present in
shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. the weld metal or between the weld and the pipe metal after
11.2 When specified by the purchaser, two or more lengths bending. Cracks which originate along the edges of the
may be circumferentially welded together to produce longer specimen during testing, and that are less than 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm]
lengths. measured in any direction shall not be considered.

4
 A 409/A409M
15. Pressure Tests certification in accordance with the provisions of Specification
15.1 Where hydrostatic test equipment is not available, the A 530/A 530M shall be furnished. When specified on the
pipe may be air or gas pressure tested with an internal pressure purchase order or when a specific type of melting has been
of 100 psi [700 kPa]. The weld and weld area shall be inspected specified on the purchase order, the type of melting used shall
with the use of soap solution or any other prepared solution also be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s represen-
which will detect the leakage of air or gas from the inside. tative.
15.2 Instead of a pressure test, when mutually agreed upon
between the purchaser and manufacturer, the entire weld area 18. Product Marking
of each pipe, including circumferential welds, may be tested by
18.1 Each length of pipe manufactured in accordance with
nondestructive testing methods. These methods shall be ca-
this specification shall have the following identifying marking
pable of detecting both surface and subsurface defects.
within 12 in. [300 mm] of one end: manufacturer’s name or
16. Inspection trade-mark, specification number, grade number of the alloy,
16.1 When specified in the purchase order, the pipe may be the manufacturer’s heat number, size, and schedule number.
inspected at the manufacturer’s plant by an inspector repre- Additional marking requirements for heat treatment are de-
senting the purchaser. The inspector shall have entry at all scribed in Supplementary Requirement S2.
times. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector, all reason- 18.2 Marking shall be legibly stenciled with a suitable paint
able facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished or permanent marking compound, except when otherwise
in accordance with these specifications. specified by the purchaser.
17. Certification
17.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the
purchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis than is provided
in the supplementary requirement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,
retest and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.

S1. Product Analysis S3.2 Acidified Copper Sulfate Test—Coupons representing

S1.1 At the request of the purchaser a product analysis of finished pipe made of molybdenum-bearing material and Type
one coupon representing finished sheet or plate from each heat 321 (over 0.50 % molybdenum) shall meet the requirements of
shall be made by the pipe manufacturer. The drillings for the copper-copper sulfate-sulfuric acid test (intergranular cor-
product analysis may be taken from shear crop or test speci- rosion test) conducted in accordance with Practice E of
mens. The results of product analysis shall conform to the Practices A 262. The condition of the test specimen is as
requirements in Table 1 and shall be reported to the purchaser. follows: All molybdenum-bearing types shown in Table 1 shall
be tested in the annealed and unsensitized condition. Type 321
S2. Radiographic Examination shall be tested in the sensitized condition (heated for 1 h at
S2.1 Weld soundness shall be determined through radio- 1240°F [675°C]). All specimens shall meet the requirements of
graphic examination made in accordance with requirements as the prescribed bend test.
agreed upon between the pipe manufacturer and purchaser.
S4. Ferrite Control of Weld Deposits
S3. Corrosion Requirements S4.1 The ferrite content of the deposited weld metal in any
S3.1 Boiling Nitric Acid Test—Except for Grade TP321, length of pipe may be determined. The procedural details
coupons representing finished pipe made of nonmolybdenum- pertaining to this subject (that is, welding, plate and weld
bearing material (0.50 % and less molybdenum) shall meet the deposit chemistry, testing equipment and method, number and
requirement of the boiling nitric acid test conducted according location of test sites, and ferrite control limits) shall be a matter
to Practice C of Practices A 262. The condition of the test for agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
specimens and the corrosion rates are as follows: Type 347 and
Type 348 shall be tested in the sensitized condition (heated for S5. Stabilizing Heat Treatment
1 h at 1240°F [675°C]) and the rate of penetration shall not S5.1 Subsequent to the heat treatment required in 5.3,
exceed 0.0020 in. [0.05 mm]/month. All other Grades TP321, TP347, and TP348 shall be given a stabilization
nonmolybdenum-bearing types, except for Grade TP321, heat treatment at a temperature lower than that used for the
shown in Table 1 shall be tested in the annealed and unsensi- initial solution annealing heat treatment. The temperature of
tized condition and the rate of penetration shall not exceed stabilization heat treatment shall be at a temperature as agreed
0.0015 in. [0.04 mm]/month. upon between the purchaser and vendor.

5
 A 409/A409M
S6 Intergranular Corrosion Test S6.2 A stabilization heat treatment in accordance with
S6.1 When specified, material shall pass intergranular cor- Supplementary Requirement S5 may be necessary and is
rosion tests conducted by the manufacturer in accordance with permitted in order to meet this requirement for the grades
Practices A 262, Practice E. containing titanium or columbium.
NOTE S1—Practice E requires testing on the sensitized condition for
low carbon or stabilized grades, and on the as-shipped condition for other
grades.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. Wall Thickness of Schedule 5S and Schedule 10S

TABLE X1.1 Pipe Dimensions

Wall Thickness
NPS Designator Schedule 5S Schedule 10S
in. mm in. mm

14 0.156 3.96 0.188 4.78

16 0.165 4.19 0.188 4.78
18 0.165 4.19 0.188 4.78
20 0.188 4.78 0.218 5.54
22 0.188 4.78 0.218 5.54
24 0.218 5.54 0.250 6.35
30 0.250 6.35 0.312 7.92

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if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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