WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

1
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Abbreviations
!
Culturally Sensitive Word
+ two objects
A verb that has two objects.
C
Countable noun: a noun that has both singular and plural forms.
C usually no plural or U
Countable noun which usually has no plural or uncountable noun.
I
Intransitive verb: a verb that has no object.
T
Transitive verb: a verb that has an object.
U
Uncountable noun: noun with no plural form. Cannot be used with 'a', 'an', or 'one'.
UK
British English
US
American English
abbreviation
A short form of a word or phrase.
adjective
A word that describes a noun or pronoun.
3adverb
A word that describes or gives more information about a verb, adjective or other
adverb.
approving
Used in a positive way, to show that you have a good opinion of someone or
something.
auxiliary verb
The verbs 'be', 'have' and 'do' when combined with other verbs to make different
forms.
before noun
An adjective that always comes before a noun.
conjunction
A word used to join parts of a phrase or sentence.
determiner
Word used before noun or adj to show which person or thing is being referred to.
disapproving
Used in a negative way, to show that you have a bad opinion of someone or
something.
exclamation
A word or phrase that you say loudly or suddenly to express strong feelings.
formal
Used in serious writing, or for communicating with people in a serious or polite way.
informal
Used in relaxed situations, for example with friends and family. Used more in speech.
literary
Used in books and poems, and not in ordinary conversation.
4modal verb
Verb such as can, might, must. With another verb, shows an idea such as possibility.
noun
A word that refers to a person, place, idea, event or thing.
often passive
In a passive verb/sentence, the subject does not do the action but is affected by it.
often plural
Refers to more than one person or thing.
phrasal verb
Verb with an adverb or preposition, with meaning different from meaning of its parts.
plural
Refers to more than one person or thing.
preposition
Word used before noun, pronoun or -ing form of verb to show place, direction, etc.
pronoun
A word used instead of a noun, which has usually already been talked about.
specialized
Used in connection with a particular area of work or study.
symbol
A sign, shape or object used to represent something else.
verb
A word that describes an action, condition or experience.
written abbreviation
A short form of a word or phrase only used in writing

ability /əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ Verbs: enable

Adjectives: able, disabled, unable
Word family: NOUN [C or U]
Nouns: ability, disability, inability

2
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

the physical or mental skill or qualities that you need to do Learner example:
something I've heard the film is absolutely fantastic.
Dictionary examples:
She had the ability to explain things clearly. accent /ˈæk.sənt/
athletic/academic ability
Learner example: NOUN [C]
The protagonist had been bitten by a strange spider and PRONUNCIATION
some days later, he noticed [he had] the way in which people in a particular area, country or
some strange powers, such as the ability to create social group pronounce
spider[s'] webs. words
Dictionary examples:
about /əˈbaʊt/ an American accent
He speaks with a broad/heavy/strong Yorkshire accent.
PREPOSITION Learner example:
How/What about ...? Our teacher is a middle-aged lady with a kind smile and [a]
used to ask for someone's opinion on a particular subject British accent.
Dictionary examples:
What about Ava - is she nice? accept /əkˈsept/
So the town was nice - how about the food?
Learner example: Word family:
I also enjoy shopping for shoes, what about you? Nouns: acceptance
ADJECTIVE Verbs: accept
be (just) about to do sth Adjectives: acceptable, unacceptable, accepted
to be going to do something very soon VERB
Dictionary example: AGREE TO TAKE
I was about to leave when Mark arrived. [I or T] to agree to take something that is offered to you
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
When I was just about to cross the road, I realised that I to accept an apology/invitation/offer
was going to faint [at] any moment. I've been invited to their wedding, but I haven't decided
whether to accept.
above /əˈbʌv/ She won't accept advice from anyone.
Learner example:
ADVERB; PREPOSITION I hope that you accept my apology.
above all
most importantly acceptable /əkˈsep.tə.bl̩/
Dictionary examples:
Above all, I'd like to thank my family. Word family:
He is known above all for his film roles. Nouns: acceptance
Learner example: Verbs: accept
She is a very nice person and above all, she is really Adjectives: acceptable, unacceptable, accepted
cheerful. ADJECTIVE
ADVERB; ADJECTIVE GOOD ENOUGH
higher on the page good enough
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
the above diagram work of an acceptable standard
Match these words with the pictures above. Clearly we need to come to an arrangement that is
Please send the articles to the address given/shown acceptable to both parties.
above. This kind of attitude is simply not acceptable.
Learner example: So what is an acceptable level of radiation?
I can be contacted at the above address and I would be free Learner example:
to attend an interview at any time I am sure that finally I will succeed in [us]ing English in an
from Monday to Saturday. acceptable way!

abroad /əˈbrɔːd/ access /ˈæk.ses/

ADVERB [ALWAYS AFTER VERB] Word family:

in or to a foreign country Nouns: access
Dictionary examples: Verbs: access
He's currently abroad on business. Adjectives: accessible
We always go abroad in the summer. NOUN [U]
Learner example: RIGHT/OPPORTUNITY
I have never been abroad. the right or opportunity to use or look at something
Dictionary examples:
absent /ˈæb.sənt/ Internet access
The system has been designed to give the user quick and
Word family: easy access to the required information.
Nouns: absence Learner example:
Adjectives: absent I would suggest free Internet access as an extra facility in
ADJECTIVE our library.
not in the place where you are expected to be, especially at METHOD
school or work the way in which you can enter a place or get to a place
8Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
John has been absent from school/work for three days now. disabled access
Learner example: The only access to the village is by boat.
I would like to apologies, because I'm missing tomorrow's Learner example:
class. I'm going to be absent because I think it would be better if you stayed in a small village
my grandmother is ill and I have to take care of her. which has easy access to the city centre.

absolutely /ˈæb.sə.luːt.li/ accident /ˈæk.sɪ.dənt/

Word family: Word family:

Adjectives: absolute Nouns: accident
Adverbs: absolutely Adjectives: accidental
ADVERB Adverbs: accidentally
COMPLETELY NOUN [C]
completely by accident
Dictionary examples: without being intended
The food was absolutely delicious. Dictionary example:
It's absolutely ridiculous. I deleted the file by accident.
I have absolutely no idea what she's talking about. Learner example:
We've achieved absolutely nothing today. I was dancing and someone [kicked me] by accident and
I absolutely hate it. my glasses fell [off].

3
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

She was able to give the police a fairly accurate

description of the man.
Her novel is an accurate reflection of life in post-war Spain.
accommodation /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/ We hope to become more accurate in predicting
earthquakes.
NOUN [U] Learner example:
a place where you live or stay Some information in the Guidebook was not very accurate.
Dictionary examples:
rented accommodation accurately /ˈæk.jʊ.rət.li/
The price includes flights, all meals and accommodation.
There's a shortage of cheap accommodation. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: accuracy, inaccuracy
You can find cheap accommodation in a student room Adjectives: accurate, inaccurate
because they are usually free in July an[d] August. Adverbs: accurately
ADVERB
accompany /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/ in an accurate way
Dictionary example:
VERB [T] The plans should be drawn as accurately as possible,
GO WITH showing all the measurements.
to go somewhere with someone Learner example:
Dictionary examples: It's necessary to consider a lot of aspects to answer this
We accompanied her back to her hotel. question accurately, but in general I
Children under 10 must be accompanied by an adult. would prefer to go to work by bicycle.
Learner example:
I asked my cousin to accompany me because she knew the
way to the temple. ache /eɪk/
HAPPEN TOGETHER
[OFTEN PASSIVE] to happen or exist at the same time as NOUN [C]
something else a feeling of pain over an area of your body which continues
Dictionary examples: for a long time
The course books are accompanied by four CDs. Dictionary examples:
The salmon was accompanied by a fresh green salad. As you get older, you have all sorts of aches and pains.
Learner example: I've got an ache in my lower back.
The weather was very hot and a shining sun accompanied Learner example:
us during our trip. Since then, I have [had] a[n] ache in my left leg.

according to /əˈkɔː.dɪŋˌtuː/ achieve /əˈtʃiːv/

PREPOSITION Word family:

OPINION Nouns: achievement
as said by someone or shown by something Verbs: achieve
Dictionary examples: 14VERB [T]
According to Sarah, they're not getting on very well at the to succeed in doing something good, usually by working
moment. hard
According to our records, you owe us £45. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: She finally achieved her ambition to visit South America.
According to the guide, it was a famous culture in ancient The government's training policy, he claimed, was
times. achieving its objectives.
Learner example:
My father is a person who has achieved a lot of great things
account /əˈkaʊnt/ in his life.

Word family: achievement /əˈtʃiːv.mənt/

Nouns: account, accountant
NOUN Word family:
BANK Nouns: achievement
[C] an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there Verbs: achieve
and to allow you to take NOUN [C or U]
it out when you need to something very good and difficult that you have succeeded
Dictionary examples: in doing
I've opened an account with another bank. Dictionary examples:
I paid the money into my account this morning. An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for
Learner example: such a young athlete.
The man, whose name I can't remember, wrote a serious It gives you a sense of achievement if you actually make it
looking message in which he [talked to the end of a very long book.
about] a money transfer to a Swiss bank account. Learner example:
I think this is an achievement because he is now a lawyer.
accountant /əˈkaʊn.tənt/

Word family: act /ækt/

Nouns: account, accountant
NOUN [C] Word family:
someone whose job is to keep or examine the financial Nouns: act, action, actor
records of a person or Verbs: act
organization VERB
Dictionary example: PERFORM
a firm of accountants [I or T] to perform in a film, play, etc.
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I am working as an accountant at Deloitte & Touche. Have you ever acted in a play before?
Andrew Pike was chosen to act the part of the lawyer in the
film.
accurate /ˈæk.jʊ.rət/ Learner example:
We are taught how to act in both comic and serious parts.
Word family: BEHAVE
Nouns: accuracy, inaccuracy [I] to behave in a particular way
Adjectives: accurate, inaccurate Dictionary examples:
Adverbs: accurately He acted as if he'd never met me before.
ADJECTIVE Don't be so silly - you're acting like a child!
correct, exact and without any mistakes Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I always care about how much money I have and I always
accurate information/measurements act sensibly.
NOUN
THEATRE

4
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

[C] one of the parts a play is divided into

Dictionary example:
Her character doesn't appear until Act 2. addition /əˈdɪʃ.ən/
Learner example:
Everything was going all right, until we reached the Word family:
"balcony act". Nouns: addition
Verbs: add
action /ˈæk.ʃən/ Adjectives: additional
Adverbs: additionally
Word family: NOUN
Nouns: act, action, actor in addition (to)
Verbs: act as well (as)
NOUN Dictionary example:
ACTIVITY In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a
[U] things which are happening, especially exciting or castle in Scotland.
important things Learner example:
Dictionary examples: In addition, I saw a wonderful programme about Aborigines.
I like films with a lot of action.
In her last novel, the action moves between Greece and admire /ədˈmaɪər/
southern Spain.
Learner example: Word family:
I really like science fiction films and this film has lots of Nouns: admiration
action and special effects. Verbs: admire
VERB [T]
active /ˈæk.tɪv/ LOOK AT
to find someone or something attractive and pleasant to
Word family: look at
Nouns: activity Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: active I was just admiring your jacket, Delia.
Adverbs: actively We stood for a few moments, admiring the view.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
BUSY It was a sunny day, luck[i]ly, so I was able to admire the
doing a lot of things, or moving around a lot lake and the Marmolada, the highest
Dictionary examples: mountain in [the] Dolomit[es].
physically/mentally active
You've got to try to keep active as you grow older. admission /ədˈmɪʃ.ən/
Learner example:
Nico is a very active guy and I enjoyed going out with him NOUN
very much. MONEY
GRAMMAR [U] the money that you pay to enter a place or an event
An active verb or sentence is one in which the subject is the Dictionary examples:
person or thing doing Art exhibition - free admission.
the action. They are charging more for admission to the festival this
Dictionary example: year.
'Catrin told me' is an active sentence, and 'I was told by Learner example:
Catrin' is passive. We believe that [this] is a great opportunity because [it] is
one of the best shows of the year, and
actually /ˈæk.tʃu.ə.li/ the best part is that the admission is free for students.

Word family: admit /ədˈmɪt/ (-tt-)

Adjectives: actual
Adverbs: actually Word family:
ADVERB Verbs: admit
SURPRISE Adverbs: admittedly
used when you are emphasizing something surprising VERB
Dictionary examples: [I or T] to agree that something is true, especially
A friend of mine from university was actually at the same unwillingly
concert - I hadn't seen her for years! Dictionary examples:
Don't tell me he actually paid for you? You are honoured! He admitted his guilt/mistake.
Learner example: She admitted (that) she had made a mistake.
It was so cool, man! They had actually built a good skate I wasn't entirely honest with him, I admit, but I didn't
park with a pool, a halfpipe, a funbox, actually tell him any lies.
several rails and of course many ramps. Learner example:
I have to admit I love lions, but while I was watching the
ad /æd/ programme, I was afraid.

NOUN [C] (ALSO advert) advance /ədˈvɑːnts/

an advertisement
Dictionary example: Word family:
I saw an ad for a part-time job that you might like. Nouns: advance
Learner example: Adjectives: advanced
The ad mentions this is a temporary job, up to 6 months NOUN
and part-time or full-time. in advance
before a particular time, or before doing a particular thing
add /æd/ Dictionary example:
If you're going to come, please let me know in advance.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: addition Don't forget to book in advance bec[a]use as you can
Verbs: add imagine, everyone goes away from the city
Adjectives: additional during the summer holiday!
Adverbs: additionally
VERB advanced /ədˈvɑːntst/
SAY MORE
[T] to say another thing Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: advance
She was sad, she said, but added that she felt she had Adjectives: advanced
made the right decision. ADJECTIVE
Learner example: MODERN
The guide told us they called [it] Swan Lake because there modern and well developed
are lots of swans and added that the Dictionary examples:
swans come from all over the country. advanced technology
This is the most advanced type of engine available.

5
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: Dictionary examples:

We are living in the 21st century where everybody is I don't know how he can afford a new car on his salary.
surrounded by advanced technological Few people are able to afford cars like that.
methods. I'd love to go away for a few days but I can't afford the
time.
advantage /ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/ I can't afford to buy a house.
Learner example:
Word family: Unfortunately, I can't afford it now, but Christmas is
Nouns: advantage, disadvantage coming, so I can ask my parents for a stereo
Adjectives: disadvantaged for Christmas, but I'm not sure if they will agree or not.
NOUN
USEFUL THING afraid /əˈfreɪd/
[C or U] something good about a situation that helps you
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS AFTER VERB]
The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you get WORRIED
better seats. worried that something bad might happen
For a goalkeeper, it's a great advantage to have big hands. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Many people are afraid (that) they might lose their jobs.
The main advantage is that there are so many places to She's afraid of upsetting Clare.
visit like museums, old streets in the city Learner example:
centre, churches and cathedrals. If I go shopping [for] clothes as a gift for children, I'm
take advantage of sth usually afraid of buying [the wrong] size.
to use something good in a situation to help you
Dictionary example: after /ˈɑːf.tər/
I thought I'd take advantage of the sports facilities while I'm
here. PREPOSITION
Learner example: FOLLOWING
If you take advantage of this opportunity, in the future following someone or something
you'll thank me. Dictionary example:
We ran after him but he escaped.
advert /ˈæd.vɜːt/ Learner example:
I ran after the bus and shouted to her 'hurry up!'
NOUN [C] (ALSO ad) after all
an advertisement used to add information that shows that what you have just
Dictionary example: said is true
an advert for the local radio station Dictionary example:
Learner example: You can't expect to be perfect - after all, it was only your
I read an advert in the newspaper about that new club first lesson.
called "Click". Learner example:
advertise /ˈæd.və.taɪz/ I stopped talking with my friends, but not [for long] - after
Word family: all, we are friends. Anyway, I'm
Nouns: advertisement, advertising planning nice things for the next April 1st.
Verbs: advertise day after day/year after year, etc.
VERB happening every day/year, etc. over a long period
TRY TO SELL Dictionary example:
[I or T] to tell people about a product or service in We went to the same part of France for our holidays year
newspapers, on television, on the after year.
Internet, etc. Learner example:
Dictionary example: And there she was, day after day, walking in the rain...
Companies are not allowed to advertise cigarettes on CONJUNCTION
television any more. at a later time than something else happens
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
On this bus we can advertise [the] village's best products. Soon/shortly after we joined the motorway, the car
ASK FOR started to make a strange noise.
[I] to put information in a newspaper, on the Internet, etc. I went to the post office straight/immediately after I left
asking for someone or you.
something that you need Learner example:
Dictionary example: I hope we will meet soon after I come back home.
The university is advertising for catering staff.
Learner example: again /əˈgeɪn/
Dear Sir/Madam, I wish to apply for the post of helper which
was advertised on the college ADVERB
noticeboard last Monday. again and again
many times
advise /ədˈvaɪz/ Dictionary example:
He played the same song again and again.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: advice, adviser I read it again and again and was more and more surprised.
Verbs: advise once again
VERB again
[I or T] to make a suggestion about what you think Dictionary example:
someone should do or how they Once again I'm left with all the washing-up!
should do something Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Once again I'm sorry.
I think I'd advise him to leave the company.
I'd strongly advise against making a sudden decision. against /əˈgentst/
They're advising that children be kept out of the sun
altogether. PREPOSITION
I'd advise waiting until tomorrow. OPPOSITE DIRECTION
She advised us when to come. in the opposite direction to
Learner example: Dictionary example:
I advise you to go there and have a good time. Commuting is not so bad when you are travelling against
the traffic.
afford /əˈfɔːd/ Learner example:
We had to fight against the wind and the rain.
Word family:
Verbs: afford
Adjectives: unaffordable age /eɪdʒ/
VERB
can afford Word family:
to be able to buy or do something because you have Nouns: age, ages
enough money or time Adjectives: aged

6
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NOUN I wish my car had air conditioning.

PERIOD Learner example:
[C] a particular period of history The rooms are big and there['s] cable TV and air
Dictionary examples: conditioning.
the modern age
the nuclear age air force /ˈeərˌfɔːs/
Learner example:
I'm going to see "Ice age", it's a good comedy. NOUN [C]
! the part of a country's military organization that uses
agency /ˈeɪ.dʒənt.si/ aircraft to fight wars
Dictionary example:
Word family: an air force pilot
Nouns: agency, agent Learner example:
NOUN [C] During the day you can visit all of our museums or schools
BUSINESS or even the air force base, which is
a business that provides a service open from 9.00 until 18.00.
Dictionary example:
an advertising/employment/estate/travel agency airline /ˈeə.laɪn/
Learner example:
As you know I am employed in a travel agency and last NOUN [C]
week I started my new English class. a company that provides regular flights to places
Dictionary example:
ages /ˈeɪdʒ.ɪz/ What airline did you fly?
Learner example:
Word family: She explained the situation to the authorities and because
Nouns: age, ages there was no flight back to London, the
Adjectives: aged airline had no choice but to pay [for] her stay.
NOUN [PLURAL]
INFORMAL a very long time alarm /əˈlɑːm/
Dictionary example:
I've been waiting here for ages. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: alarm
I feel like I've been here for ages. Verbs: alarm
Adjectives: alarming
agree /əˈgriː/ NOUN
WARNING
Word family: [C] a loud noise that warns you of danger
Nouns: agreement, disagreement Dictionary examples:
Verbs: agree, disagree a burglar/car/fire/smoke alarm
VERB to set off an alarm
DECIDE Learner example:
[I or T] to decide something with someone It turned out that the fire alarm had gone off and they had
Dictionary examples: to evacuate the building.
We agreed to meet on Sunday. WAKING
We couldn't agree on what to buy. [C] a clock or device in a watch, mobile phone, etc. that
Learner example: makes a noise to wake you
I met him when I travelled to Greece last year and we Dictionary example:
agreed to meet this year in Switzerland. The alarm went off at 5.30 and she got up immediately.
Learner example:
ahead /əˈhed/ Suddenly the alarm started to ring and I woke up to go to
school.
ADVERB
IN FRONT alcoholic /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/
in front
Dictionary example: Word family:
Turn left at the traffic lights, and you'll see the hospital Nouns: alcohol
straight ahead. Adjectives: alcoholic
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
Behind our school there was a beautiful forest and if you DRINK
walked 200 meters straight ahead you containing alcohol
would reach a clearing . Dictionary example:
FUTURE alcoholic drinks
in the future Learner example:
Dictionary example: I'm only 15 years old and not allowed to drink alcoholic
She has a difficult time ahead of her. drinks.
Learner example:
Even if you're satisfied with your life now, take a look 10 or alike /əˈlaɪk/
20 years ahead.
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS AFTER VERB]
similar
aim /eɪm/ Dictionary example:
The children all look very alike.
NOUN Learner example:
[C] the purpose of doing something, and what you hope to First of all, Jem and Joss Merlyn look alike physically.
achieve alive /əˈlaɪv/
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN]
He went to Paris with the aim of improving his French. LIVING
My main aim is to make people laugh. living, not dead
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
The aim was to get a picture of each person. He must be ninety if he's still alive.
VERB It was a bad fall - she's lucky to be alive.
aim to do sth Learner example:
to intend to achieve something I was very happy that my father was still alive.
Dictionary example:
I aim to be a millionaire by the time I'm 35.
Learner example:
Our English Club aims to help students with their English.
air conditioning /ˈeə.kənˌdɪʃ.ən.ɪŋ/ all /ɔːl/
NOUN [U]
the system used for keeping the air in a building or vehicle DETERMINER; PRONOUN
cool ONLY THING
Dictionary example: the only thing

7
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples: PREPOSITION

All I remember is waking up in hospital. NEXT TO
All you can do is hope he'll get better. in a line next to or beside something long
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Actually, I lost my job last week. All I can do is buy a a row of houses along the river
computer and get [on] the internet to find Cars were parked all along the road.
[another] job. Learner example:
at all To my surprise, there was a charming beach along the cycle
used for emphasis in questions or negative statements, to route.
mean in any way or of ADVERB
any type FORWARD
Dictionary examples: moving forward
Can I help at all? Dictionary example:
He hasn't changed at all. We were just walking along, chatting.
Learner example: WITH YOU
The sun was shining and there were no clouds at all, so we with you
could see the light blue sky. Dictionary examples:
above all Why don't you take him along with you when you go?
most importantly I'll bring some food along and we can have a picnic.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Above all, I'd like to thank my family. My boyfriend came along with me.
He is known above all for his film roles.
Learner example:
She is a very nice person and above all, she is really aloud /əˈlaʊd/
cheerful.
after all Word family:
used to add information that shows that what you have just Adjectives: loud
said is true Adverbs: aloud, loud, loudly
Dictionary example: ADVERB
You can't expect to be perfect - after all, it was only your in a way that other people can hear
first lesson. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: He read her letter aloud to the rest of the family.
I stopped talking with my friends, but not [for long] - after I laughed aloud at some of his comments.
all, we are friends. Anyway, I'm I was just thinking aloud.
planning nice things for the next April 1st. Learner example:
all is well Thinking aloud is an old habit of mine.
everything is in a good or acceptable state
Dictionary example: alphabet /ˈæl.fə.bet/
I hope all is well with Jack.
Learner example: Word family:
I hope all's well. Nouns: alphabet
and all that Adjectives: alphabetical
used for saying that other similar things are included or NOUN [C]
that the whole of a a set of letters arranged in a fixed order which is used for
situation is considered writing a language
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
He told us about his school and all that. the Cyrillic alphabet
We decided to stay in bed, with it being a holiday and all Learner example:
that. The first evening, we learnt how to spell the alphabet.
Learner example:
I really enjoy shopping for clothes, but not only for clothes, already /ɔːlˈred.i/
also for things like earrings and all
that! ADVERB
ADVERB EARLY
2/5/8, etc. all used to say that something has happened earlier than you
used to say that two players or teams have the same expected
number of points in a game Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: Are you buying Christmas cards already? It's only
It was 3 all at half time. September!
I've only eaten one course and I'm already full.
allow /əˈlaʊ/ Learner example:
Since I have already reserved a room for myself, I am now
Word family: sitting [o]n the balcony, watching the
Nouns: allowance beautiful views of the beach and tall pine trees.
Verbs: allow
VERB although /ɔːlˈðəʊ/
GIVE PERMISSION
[T] to give someone permission for something CONJUNCTION
Dictionary examples: BUT
You're not allowed to talk during the exam. but
Pets aren't allowed in this hotel. Dictionary examples:
The referee decided to allow the goal. He's coming to see us this evening, although I don't know
Learner example: exactly when.
I have very strict teachers and they won't allow me to enter He's rather shy, although he's not as bad as he used to be.
the classroom if I'm late. Learner example:
I liked the food although my friends didn't like it.
all right /ɔːlˈraɪt/ DESPITE
despite the fact that
ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN]; ADVERB (ALSO Dictionary example:
alright) She walked home by herself, although she knew that it was
GOOD ENOUGH dangerous.
good enough, although not very good Learner example:
Dictionary example: There were no taxis on the street so, although it was
"What did you think of the film?" "It was all right. Nothing raining, I started walking in the rain.
special."
Learner example: altogether /ˌɔːl.təˈgeð.ər/
We arrived by ship and the trip was all right except my
friend Tim was ill. ADVERB
TOTAL
in total
along /əˈlɒŋ/ Dictionary examples:
There were twenty people there altogether.

8
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

That'll be £52.50 altogether, please. amount /əˈmaʊnt/

Learner example:
They cost 1700 baht altogether. NOUN [C]
how much there is of something
always /ˈɔːl.weɪz/ Dictionary examples:
They didn't deliver the right amount of sand.
ADVERB Small amounts of land were used for keeping animals.
can/could always do sth I didn't expect the bill to come to this amount.
used to suggest something You wouldn't believe the amount of trouble I've had with
Dictionary example: this car.
You can always stay with us if you miss your train. Learner example:
Learner example: You'll also be able to go out to pubs or night clubs, and
Watching them painting is better than seeing their art in you'll spend a very small amount of
any museum, and you can always do money.
some sightseeing through our historical ruins, our
mountains or villages. amusing /əˈmjuː.zɪŋ/

Word family:
amazed /əˈmeɪzd/ Nouns: amusement
Verbs: amuse
Word family: Adjectives: amused, amusing
Nouns: amazement ADJECTIVE
Adjectives: amazed, amazing funny or entertaining
Adverbs: amazingly Dictionary example:
ADJECTIVE an amusing story/person/situation
extremely surprised Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Our teacher is really amusing, [he] makes people laugh all
She was amazed at how calm she felt after the accident. the time.
I was absolutely amazed when I heard the news.
I was amazed to hear that Chris had won first prize. ancient /ˈeɪn.tʃənt/
I'm amazed (that) she didn't complain.
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
Dear David Beckham, How are you? I was amazed to find from a long time ago
your letter in my mail box. Dictionary examples:
ancient Greece/Rome/Egypt
amazing /əˈmeɪ.zɪŋ/ ancient monuments/ruins
People have lived in this valley since ancient times.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: amazement I would recommend you to visit Rome, because you
Adjectives: amazed, amazing shouldn't miss [seeing] the huge monuments,
Adverbs: amazingly the ancient Roman ruins and the Vatican.
ADJECTIVE
SURPRISING
extremely surprising and /ænd/
Dictionary examples:
It's amazing to think that the managing director is only 23. CONJUNCTION
It's amazing that no one else has applied for the job. EMPHASIZE
The amazing thing is that it was kept secret for so long. used between two words which are the same to make their
Learner example: meaning stronger
Dear Richard, It's amazing you didn't forget my birthday. Dictionary examples:
She spends hours and hours on the telephone.
amazingly /əˈmeɪ.zɪŋ.li/ The sound grew louder and louder.
We laughed and laughed.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: amazement The situation became harder and harder.
Adjectives: amazed, amazing
Adverbs: amazingly angel /ˈeɪn.dʒəl/
ADVERB
in an amazing way NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: ! a spiritual creature in stories or some religions, usually
The food was amazingly good. represented as a human with wings
Amazingly enough, no one else has applied for the job. Dictionary example:
Learner example: According to the Bible, an angel told Mary that she would
Amazingly, he didn't come back until midnight. have God's son, Jesus.
Learner example:
ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/ I like to wear a top with a picture of an angel that my
mother bought for me as my birthday present.
Word family:
Nouns: ambition angrily /ˈæŋ.grə.li/
Adjectives: ambitious
NOUN Word family:
HOPE Nouns: anger
[C] something you want to achieve Adjectives: angry
Dictionary examples: Adverbs: angrily
His ambition is to run his own business. ADVERB
He has already achieved his main ambition in life - to in an angry way
become wealthy. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: "Don't do that!" she shouted angrily.
Learning English is one of my ambition[s]. Demonstrators protested angrily following the jury's verdict.
The Prime Minister reacted angrily to claims that he had
among /əˈmʌŋ/ (ALSO amongst) lied to the House of Commons.
Learner example:
PREPOSITION "How dare she do that [to] me?" I thought, angrily.
IN THE MIDDLE
in the middle of something animated /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪ.tɪd/
Dictionary examples:
I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd. Word family:
Rescue teams searched among the ruins for survivors. Nouns: animation
Learner example: Adjectives: animated
If you love nature, you can eat under trees and among ADJECTIVE
flowers. FILM

9
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

An animated film is one in which drawings and models My bed makes a loud noise when I lie down on it. It annoys
seem to move. me.
Dictionary example:
He makes animated films.
Learner example: annoyed /əˈnɔɪd/
It's a funny animated film about a superhero family.
Word family:
animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ Nouns: annoyance
Verbs: annoy
Word family: Adjectives: annoyed, annoying
Nouns: animation ADJECTIVE
Adjectives: animated angry
NOUN Dictionary examples:
[C or U] an animated film, or the process of making I was so annoyed with him for turning up late.
animated films He was annoyed at the way she tried to take over the
Dictionary example: whole meeting.
a course in computer animation My parents were rather annoyed (that) I hadn't told them
Learner example: about the accident.
It's a comedy animation about penguins. She was annoyed to discover that her husband had taken
her car keys.
ankle /ˈæŋ.kl̩/ Learner example:
I was a bit annoyed when I [found out], but it's all right.
NOUN [C]
the joint between the foot and the leg, or the thin part of annoying /əˈnɔɪ.ɪŋ/
the leg just above the
foot Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: annoyance
I fell over and sprained/twisted my ankle. Verbs: annoy
Learner example: Adjectives: annoyed, annoying
I have broken my ankle and I need to stay in bed during the ADJECTIVE
day. making you feel annoyed
Dictionary examples:
anniversary /ˌæn.ɪˈvɜː.sər.i/ It's really annoying when a train is late and there's no
explanation.
NOUN [C] He's got a really annoying laugh.
the day on which an important event happened in a Learner example:
previous year Do you like going shopping with your mom? They are
Dictionary examples: sometimes annoying, aren't they?
We always celebrate our wedding anniversary with dinner
in an expensive restaurant. annual /ˈæn.ju.əl/
Tomorrow is the fiftieth anniversary of the revolution.
Learner example: Word family:
She and her husband are touring Europe for a second Adjectives: annual
honeymoon, [on the] 10th anniversary of their marriage. Adverbs: annually
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN]
announce /əˈnaʊnts/ happening once every year, or relating to a period of one
year
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: announcement an annual event/visit/holiday
Verbs: announce annual income/salary
VERB [T] Learner example:
to tell people about something officially or with force or I never miss the annual sale at the department store near
confidence my place.
Dictionary examples:
The Prime Minister has just announced that public another /əˈnʌð.ər/
spending will be increased next year.
The company has announced plans to open six new stores. DETERMINER; PRONOUN
After dinner, they announced the winner of the competition. one another
Learner example: each other
[The] TV has just announced a bus-drivers strike for Dictionary example:
tomorrow morning. How can they reach an agreement if they won't talk to one
another?
Learner example:
announcement /əˈnaʊnt.smənt/ We know one another from Poland.
Word family: answer /ˈɑːnt.sər/
Nouns: announcement
Verbs: announce NOUN
NOUN [C or U] SOLUTION
something that someone says officially, giving information [C] a way of solving a problem
about something Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: It's a difficult situation and I don't know what the answer is.
The President made an unexpected announcement this So what's the answer to the problem?
morning. There's no easy answer to the problem.
Learner example: Learner example:
I heard about this club in [a] radio announcement. Should wild animals be kept in cages, and denied their
freedom so that we can have the pleasure of watching
annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ them [in] zoos?
Well, there's no simple answer to that question.
Word family: VERB
Nouns: annoyance TEST
Verbs: annoy [T] to write or say something as a reply to a question in a
Adjectives: annoyed, annoying test, exercise,
VERB [T] competition, etc.
to make someone angry Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: I couldn't answer the last three questions.
Tim really annoyed me in the meeting this morning. Learner example:
I'm sorry - is my cough annoying you? That was to be my first interview, and I had never before
It annoys me that she just expects us to help. answered a test of personality so I felt insecure.
It really annoys me when people expect me to tip as well as
pay a service charge in a restaurant.
Learner example: ant /ænt/

10
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] I don't have time to go and anyway it's too expensive.
a small, black or red insect that lives in groups on the Of course I don't mind taking you home - I'm going that way
ground anyway.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
There were ants crawling all over the ground. I'm going to buy a new bed, because the old one has
Learner example: broken, [and] anyway it wasn't very
I [have] know[n] Larry since I was five years old and he comfortable.
couldn't hurt an ant, I am sure about it.
apart /əˈpɑːt/
antique /ænˈtiːk/
ADVERB
NOUN [C] apart from
an object that is old, and often rare or beautiful except for or in addition to
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
an antique shop Apart from the low salary, it's a great job!
My mother collects antiques. He works until nine o'clock every evening, and that's quite
Learner example: apart from the work he does over the weekend.
First we drove to the old city wh[ere] there were lots of Learner example:
different shops [selling] clothes, shoes, So, when he started to speak, I couldn't understand
antiques, and jewellery. anything apart from "thanks".
ADJECTIVE SEPARATE
old and often rare or beautiful separated by a space, distance or period of time
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
antique furniture Stand with your feet wide apart.
antique silver/jewellery How far apart should the speakers be?
Learner example: We were asked to stand in two lines three metres apart.
There's a nice, cosy lobby, with antique furniture and a I forget the exact age difference between Mark and his
fireplace. brother - they're two or three years apart.
Learner example:
anxious /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/ They are situated on the same street, only a hundred
metres apart, on each side of the street.
Word family:
Nouns: anxiety
Adjectives: anxious apologise /əˈpɒl.ə.dʒaɪz/
Adverbs: anxiously
ADJECTIVE Word family:
WORRIED Nouns: apology
worried and nervous Verbs: apologise
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: apologetic
He's very anxious about his exams. VERB [I]
My mother always gets a bit anxious if we're late. to tell someone that you are sorry about something you
I saw my sister's anxious face at the window. have done
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I am a bit anxious about my mum's reaction, but I am sure I must apologise to Isobel for my behaviour.
she'll enjoy this party. Trains may be subject to delay - we apologise for any
inconvenience caused.
any /ˈen.i/ She apologised for having to leave early.
Learner example:
ADVERB I'm writing to apologise because I won't be at tomorro[w]'s
used in questions and negatives to emphasize a class.
comparative adjective or adverb
Dictionary examples: apology /əˈpɒl.ə.dʒi/
Do you feel any better?
I can't walk any faster. Word family:
Those trousers don't look any different from the others. Nouns: apology
Houses in this area used to be a real bargain, but they're Verbs: apologise
not cheap any more. Adjectives: apologetic
This radio isn't any good - I'll have to buy another. NOUN [C or U]
She couldn't wait any longer. something you say or write to say that you are sorry about
Learner example: something you have
I couldn't wait any longer - I had to see Sami. done
Dictionary examples:
anybody /ˈen.iˌbɒd.i/ I have an apology to make to you - I'm afraid I opened your
letter by mistake.
PRONOUN I owe you an apology, Chris.
ANY PERSON "Was he at all sorry for what he'd done?" "Oh he was full of
any person or any people apologies."
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Anybody can join the club and the membership is free. Hi Zita, Please accept my apology for this belated letter
The competition is open to anybody under the age of 16. which you're holding in your hands.
Learner example:
Anybody [could] understand it! appear /əˈpɪər/

anyone /ˈen.i.wʌn/ (ALSO anybody) Word family:

Nouns: appearance, disappearance
PRONOUN Verbs: appear, disappear
ANY PERSON VERB [I]
any person or any people BE SEEN
Dictionary examples: to start to be seen
Anyone can go - you don't have to be invited. Dictionary examples:
Anyone could dress well with all that money. He suddenly appeared in the doorway.
Learner example: Then a bright light appeared in the sky.
The third programme was a joke competition. Anyone could Learner example:
come there and tell his joke. Suddenly the singer of the band appeared.
appear in/at/on, etc.
anyway /ˈen.i.weɪ/ to perform in a film, play, etc.
Dictionary example:
ADVERB She appears briefly in the new Bond film.
MORE IMPORTANTLY Learner example:
used to give a more important reason for something that What I like the most is that I'm going to appear on T.V.
you are saying SEEM

11
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

to seem Word family:

Dictionary examples: Adjectives: approximate
He appeared calm and relaxed. Adverbs: approximately
There appears to be some mistake. ADVERB
Learner example: close to a particular number or time although not exactly
But, [the] reality is, that life appears very short to me. that number or time
Dictionary examples:
appearance /əˈpɪə.rənts/ The job will take approximately two weeks, and cost around
£1000.
Word family: The college has approximately 700 students.
Nouns: appearance, disappearance Learner example:
Verbs: appear, disappear From the airport of Larnaka you need approximately forty-
NOUN five minutes by taxi, to Agia Napa.
WAY YOU LOOK
[NO PLURAL] the way a person or thing looks to other architect /ˈɑː.kɪ.tekt/
people
Dictionary examples: Word family:
The buildings are very similar in appearance. Nouns: architect, architecture
You can alter/change the whole appearance of a room NOUN [C]
just by lighting it in a certain way. someone whose job is to design buildings
She gives the appearance of being very efficient. Dictionary example:
Learner example: He trained as an architect in Edinburgh and then moved to
I usually buy fashionable clothes, because I think [your] London to find work.
appearance is really important. Learner example:
He kn[e]w that I wanted to be an architect.
application /ˌæp.lɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
architecture /ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃər/
Word family:
Nouns: application Word family:
Verbs: apply Nouns: architect, architecture
NOUN NOUN [U]
REQUEST STYLE
[C] an official request for something, usually in writing the design and style of buildings
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a letter of application Roman architecture
I've sent off applications for four different jobs. modern architecture
Have you filled in the application form for your passport Learner example:
yet? There are beautiful places like Merarejonban, which is
Learner example: outstanding in its architecture.
After having filled [in] the application form, the master pilot SUBJECT
took us on a short trip around the hangars showing the the skill of designing buildings
planes used for training. Dictionary example:
He studied architecture.
Learner example:
apply /əˈplaɪ/ I want to study architecture in the U.K. but English is a
problem, so I need spend a lot of time
Word family: learn[ing] it.
Nouns: application
Verbs: apply area /ˈeə.ri.ə/
VERB
REQUEST NOUN [C]
[I] to request something, usually officially, especially by PART
writing or sending in a a part of a building or piece of land used for a particular
form purpose
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late a play/picnic area
to apply. Learner example:
I've applied for a job there. I'm staying in a very big hotel; it ha[s] a swimming pool, a
Please apply in writing to the address below. golf area, gardens, and also a
Learner example: children['s] area.
I applied for this course and went to my first lesson last
week. argue /ˈɑːg.juː/
approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ Word family:
Nouns: argument
VERB Verbs: argue
COME CLOSE VERB
[I or T] to come close in distance or time DISAGREE
Dictionary examples: [I] to speak angrily to someone, telling them that you
Ladies and gentlemen, we are now approaching Paddington disagree with them
Station. Dictionary examples:
Christmas is fast approaching. My parents are always arguing.
Learner example: Kids, will you stop arguing with each other?
[The] holidays are approaching. They were arguing over/about which film to go and see.
Learner example:
approve /əˈpruːv/ Peter told her his parents had argued and he came with his
mother to London.
Word family:
Nouns: approval, disapproval
Verbs: approve, disapprove argument /ˈɑːg.jʊ.mənt/
VERB
AGREE Word family:
[T] to allow or officially agree to something Nouns: argument
Dictionary examples: Verbs: argue
The council has approved plans for a new shopping centre. NOUN [C]
The court approved the sale of the property. DISAGREEMENT
Learner example: an angry discussion with someone in which you both
"Congratulation[s], your scholarship to [the] UK is disagree
approved." Dictionary examples:
The children had an argument about/over what game to
approximately /əˈprɒk.sɪ.mət.li/ play.
He got into an argument with a man in the pub last night.

12
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: Nouns: arrival

I wrote a song last week. It's about my boyfriend and an Verbs: arrive
argument he had with his parents about NOUN
our relationship. [U] when someone or something arrives somewhere
Dictionary examples:
army /ˈɑː.mi/ Hundreds gathered to await the boxer's arrival at the
airport.
NOUN On arrival at the police station, they were taken to an
the army [+ SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB] interview room.
! a particular country's fighting force We regret the late arrival of Flight 237.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
When did you join the army? Can you confirm your arrival time next week?
He has decided on a career in the army.
The army was/were called out to enforce the curfew.
Learner example: article /ˈɑː.tɪ.kl̩/
I work in the army and I need to know how and what I
should do if I am in [a] war. NOUN [C]
NEWSPAPER
around /əˈraʊnd/ a piece of writing on a particular subject in a newspaper or
magazine
ADVERB Dictionary example:
IN A CIRCLE/CIRCULAR MOVEMENT There was an interesting article on climate change in the
in a circle or with circular movement paper yesterday.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
She passed a plate of biscuits around. I read an article about this zoo in the newspaper.
This switch makes the wheels go around. GRAMMAR
Learner example: in grammar, used to mean the words 'a', 'an' and 'the'
Hello, everybody. Please gather around. Dictionary example:
OPPOSITE DIRECTION There's a definite article missing before the noun.
to the opposite direction
Dictionary examples: as /æz/
Jonny turned around and looked at her.
The pianist spun around on the stool and faced his ADVERB; PREPOSITION
audience. BEING OR APPEARING
Learner example: being or appearing to be a particular thing
As the concert finished, I heard someone call my name. I Dictionary examples:
turned around. He was dressed as a pirate.
As a young man, he was very lonely.
arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/ Learner example:
She was there, standing in front of me, still dressed as a
Word family: bride, with tears in her eyes.
Nouns: arrangement as soon as
Verbs: arrange, rearrange at the same time or a very short time after
VERB Dictionary example:
PLAN As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong.
[I or T] to make the necessary plans and preparations for Learner example:
something to happen As soon as the rain stopped, I called my friend and we all
Dictionary examples: continued walking in the park, and we
The meeting has been arranged for Wednesday. all enjoyed ourselves.
They arranged to have dinner the following month. as long as
I've already arranged with him where to meet. used to say that something must happen before something
She's arranged for her son to have swimming lessons. else can happen
I'd arranged that they should arrive at the same time. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: I can come as long as I can leave by 4.00.
Dear Friends, It's a fantastic idea to come to my country in Bring your friends by all means - just as long as I know how
the holidays; we could arrange to meet many are coming.
somewhere. Learner example:
The colo[u]rs I wear are not important, as long as I don't
arrangement /əˈreɪndʒ.mənt/ wear any pink clothes. I really dislike that
colo[u]r.
Word family: CONJUNCTION
Nouns: arrangement WHILE
Verbs: arrange, rearrange while or during the time that
NOUN Dictionary examples:
PLANS I saw him as I was coming into the building.
[C USUALLY PLURAL] plans for how something will He gets more attractive as he gets older.
happen Learner example:
Dictionary examples: After spending two hours searching for her I started to feel
They'd made all the arrangements for the party. desperate, but just as I was ready to
Arrangements were made to move the prisoners to another give up, the sky got normal again and I found myself [at]
jail. my own wedding and she was my wife!
What are your current childcare arrangements? LIKE
Learner example: in the same way
I'll make all [the] arrangements. Dictionary examples:
He got divorced, (just) as his parents had done years
arrest /əˈrest/ before.
This year, as in previous years, tickets sold very quickly.
VERB [T] As with his earlier movies, the special effects in his latest
If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask film are brilliant.
them about a crime which Learner example:
they might have committed. As we expected, we are going to see a movie tonight.
Dictionary examples:
She was arrested for drinking and driving. ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/
He was arrested when customs officers found drugs in his
bag. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: shame
To my horror, they arrested me. Adjectives: ashamed, shameful
ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN]
EMBARRASSED
arrival /əˈraɪ.vəl/ feeling guilty or embarrassed about something you have
done
Word family: Dictionary examples:

13
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

You've got nothing to be ashamed of. used after an adjective to show a person's ability to do
She ought to be ashamed of herself - talking to her something
mother like that! Dictionary examples:
He was ashamed to admit to his mistake. I'm not very good at skiing.
I was ashamed that I'd made so little effort. He's very talented at maths.
I felt so ashamed of myself for making such a fuss. Learner example:
Learner example: She is really good at tennis.
He felt very ashamed and didn't know what to do. at all
used for emphasis in questions or negative statements, to
mean in any way or of
any type
Dictionary examples:
ask /ɑːsk/ Can I help at all?
He hasn't changed at all.
VERB Learner example:
REQUEST The sun was shining and there were no clouds at all, so we
[I or T] to say something to someone because you want could see the light blue sky.
them to do something at his/its, etc. best
Dictionary example: at the highest level of achievement or quality
They've asked me to look after their dog while they're Dictionary example:
away. The article is an example of journalism at its best.
Learner example: Learner example:
I want to apologize for not going to your class tomorrow, it's I enjoyed this trip because we got to stay in the countryside
not that I don't want to go but my and [see] nature at its very best.
mother asked me to take care of my sister because she is at (long) last
s[ic]k and my parents have to work. finally
WANT SOMETHING Dictionary example:
[I or T] to say something to someone because you want At last, I've found a pair of jeans that actually fit.
them to give you something Learner example:
Dictionary examples: At last, all of us agreed on "Cinema Farhang".
He's asked for a bike for his birthday. at least
He's asked us for a new bike. even if nothing else happens or is true
Learner example: Dictionary example:
I can ask my parents for a stereo for Christmas, but I'm not If you can't manage to clean the whole house, at least
sure if they will agree or not. make sure the kitchen is clean.
WANT PERMISSION Learner example:
[I or T] to say something to someone because you want to We could go shopping or at least go and have an ice-cream
know if you can do somewhere.
something at least
Dictionary example: something that you say when you are telling someone
Bruce asked if he could stay with us for a few days. about an advantage in a bad
Learner example: situation
I am going to travel with my girlfriend Anna, so I am writing Dictionary example:
you this email to ask if you can lend It's a small house but at least there's a garden.
me your bicycle for a week. Learner example:
It is not impressive but at least it has some things that I
like.
asleep /əˈsliːp/ at first
at the beginning of a situation or period of time
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: sleep At first I thought she was unfriendly, but actually she's just
Verbs: sleep shy.
Adjectives: asleep, sleepy, sleepless Learner example:
ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN] At first, when I arrived I was very nervous because I didn't
sleeping or not awake know anyone, but then a girl started
Dictionary examples: talking to me and I felt better.
The children are asleep. at the same time
I fell asleep as soon as my head hit the pillow. If two things happen at the same time, they happen
I'm surprised to see you awake - ten minutes ago you were together.
fast/sound asleep. Dictionary example:
I've only just got up and I'm still half asleep. We arrived at the same time.
Learner example: Learner example:
I fell asleep, and when I woke up, I released that I had lost The kind of clothes I most like [are] casual but fashionable
it. at the same time.
aspirin /ˈæs.prɪn/ at once
NOUN [C or U] (PLURAL aspirin or aspirins) immediately
a common drug used to reduce pain and fever Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: I knew at once that I'd like it here.
I took a couple of aspirin. Learner example:
Learner example: She called for an ambulance which came at once.
I took an aspirin quickly. at present
now
assistant /əˈsɪs.tənt/ Dictionary example:
At present she's working abroad.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: assistance, assistant Firstly, I have to tell you that at present, I am studying
Verbs: assist journalism and I have a good knowledge of
NOUN [C] computers.
LESS IMPORTANT JOB
someone whose job is to help a person who has a more
important job athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/
Dictionary examples:
an administrative assistant Word family:
an assistant editor/manager Nouns: athlete, athletics
Learner example: Adjectives: athletic
He went to take the bag from his assistant. NOUN [C]
a person who is very good at sports or physical exercise,
at /æt/ especially one who
competes in organized events
PREPOSITION Dictionary example:
ABILITY He became a professional athlete at the age of 16.
Learner example:

14
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

It's amazing what the athletes can do, don't you think? Word family:
athletics /æθˈlet.ɪks/ Nouns: attendance
Word family: Verbs: attend
Nouns: athlete, athletics VERB
Adjectives: athletic BE PRESENT
NOUN [U] [I or T] to go to an event, place, etc.
the sports which include running, jumping and throwing Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: Over two hundred people attended the funeral.
an athletics team/club/meeting The meeting is on the fifth and we're hoping everyone will
Learner example: attend.
You know I love doing sports, especially athletics, so I Learner example:
joined that club. I attend one of these activities, it was cricket, it was for the
whole day.
attend a church/college/school, etc.
to go regularly to a place, such as a particular school
atmosphere /ˈæt.mə.sfɪər/ Dictionary example:
NOUN Which school does your daughter attend?
FEELING Learner example:
[NO PLURAL] the feeling which exists in a place or I attend Northampton College, which is quite far away from
situation [my] house.
Dictionary examples:
There's a very relaxed atmosphere in our office. attention /əˈten.tʃən/
There has been an atmosphere of gloom in the factory
since it was announced that it would be NOUN [U]
closing. NOTICE
Learner example: when you watch, listen to, or think about something
You'll also love the friendly atmosphere here. carefully or with interest
Dictionary examples:
attach /əˈtætʃ/ Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your attention,
please?
Word family: Wait a moment and I'll give you my full attention.
Nouns: attachment After an hour, my attention started to wander.
Verbs: attach Learner example:
Adjectives: attached Thank you for your attention.
VERB [T] pay attention (to sth)
CONNECT to watch, listen to, or think about something carefully
to join or fix one thing to another Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: You weren't paying attention to what I was saying.
I attached a photo to my application form. Learner example:
Use this cable to attach the printer to the computer. Larry is a very distracted boy. Everybody says that he
Learner example: should pay attention to what he is doing.
I attach my C.V. and I look forward to discussing it with you.
COMPUTING attitude /ˈæt.ɪ.tjuːd/
to join a file, such as a document, picture or computer
program, to an email NOUN [C or U]
Learner example: how you think or feel about something, and how this makes
I'm going to send you some information about hotels you behave
attached to this mail. Dictionary examples:
He has a very bad attitude to/towards work.
attack /əˈtæk/ That boy has a real attitude problem.
She has a very positive attitude generally.
VERB Learner example:
TRY TO HURT The waiters had a very good attitude toward the customers
[I or T] to try to hurt or defeat using violence and the food was really wonderful.
Dictionary examples:
He was attacked and seriously injured by a gang of youths. attract /əˈtrækt/
Most wild animals won't attack unless they are provoked.
Learner example: Word family:
At least he didn't attack me, and he even lent me his cell Nouns: attraction
phone, he was such a gentle criminal. Verbs: attract
NOUN [C or U] Adjectives: attractive, unattractive
a violent act intended to hurt or damage someone or VERB
something ENCOURAGE INTEREST
Dictionary examples: [T] to make people come to a place or do a particular thing
a racist attack by being interesting,
a terrorist attack on the capital enjoyable, etc.
The town was once again under attack. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: The castle attracts more than 300,000 visitors a year.
I have planned to see "The attack of the super mutant The circus is attracting huge crowds/audiences.
aliens". We need to attract more science graduates to teaching.
SPORT Learner example:
in games such as football, the part of a team which tries to Although it was the first time that I came to this new class,
score points it attracted me deeply.
Dictionary example: attract attention/interest, etc.
The team has a strong attack, but the defence is weak. to cause people to pay attention/be interested, etc.
Dictionary example:
Her ideas have attracted a lot of attention in the scientific
attempt /əˈtempt/ community.
Learner example:
VERB [T] When I go out with my friends I actually like wearing clothes
to try to do something, especially something difficult that attract people's attention.
Dictionary examples:
He attempted to escape through a window.
There's no point in even attempting an explanation - he'll attraction /əˈtræk.ʃən/
never listen.
Learner example: Word family:
Carrying a candle, I attempted to phone my neighbour but I Nouns: attraction
looked out of the window and there Verbs: attract
were no lights. Adjectives: attractive, unattractive
NOUN
attend /əˈtend/ THING TO SEE OR DO

15
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

[C] something that makes people come to a place or do a I lay awake half the night worrying.
particular thing Learner example:
Dictionary examples: She felt so nervous that it kept her awake at night.
tourist attractions
The opportunity to travel is one of the main attractions of away /əˈweɪ/
this job.
Learner example: ADVERB
At first I only wanted to see the many attractions in Balboa INTO PLACE
Park. in or into the usual or a suitable place, especially one that
can be closed
audience /ˈɔː.di.ənts/ Dictionary examples:
Could you put the ice-cream away in the freezer?
NOUN My grandparents had £800 hidden away in an old shoe box.
GROUP Learner example:
[C + SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB] the people who sit I put away my mobile phone.
and watch a performance at a theatre, two weeks/five hours, etc. away
cinema, etc. at a particular time in the future
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
There were a lot of children in the audience. My English exam's only a week away and I haven't even
The audience was/were clearly delighted with the started to prepare.
performance. Learner example:
Learner example: Christmas is just a few months away, and I do not inten[d]
All the [people in the] audience looked at me, I was very to spend it all alone like in the past few
excited. The band called me, so I went to years, so I am writing to invite you [to] my real Christmas
the stage and they started to play a very popular song. party without my parents.

author /ˈɔː.θər/
awful /ˈɔː.fəl/
NOUN [C]
the writer of a book, article, play, etc. ADJECTIVE
Dictionary example: BAD
He is the author of two books on French history. very bad, of low quality, or unpleasant
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
During [the] Easter holiday, I read a very good thriller by an The weather was awful.
Italian author, Andrea Camilleri. She's got an awful boss.
It's an awful place.
average /ˈæv.ər.ɪdʒ/ She'd been ill and she looked awful.
Learner example:
ADJECTIVE We wanted to go shopping in Oxford Street but everything
AMOUNT is too expensive and the weather was
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] An average number is the awful.
number you get by adding two or
more amounts together and dividing the total by the babysit /ˈbeɪ.bi.sɪt/
number of amounts.
Dictionary example: Word family:
an average age/temperature Nouns: babysitter
Learner example: Verbs: babysit
The weather on this mountain is fantastic, with an average VERB [I or T]
temperature of 17°C. to look after someone's child in their home while they are
NOUN not there
AMOUNT Dictionary example:
[C] the result you get by adding two or more amounts I babysit for Jane on Tuesday evenings.
together and dividing the total by the number of amounts Learner example:
Dictionary example: As you know I am [an] au pair in London and I sometimes
Prices have risen by an average of 4% over the past year. [have] to babysit [i]n the evening.
Learner example:
On the table was my mark sheet with the average as 90%. babysitter /ˈbeɪ.biˌsɪt.ər/
USUAL/TYPICAL
[C or U] the usual or typical amount Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: babysitter
An 8-hour working day is about the average. Verbs: babysit
The audience figures were lower than average for this sort NOUN [C]
of film. someone who takes care of your child while you are out
The quality of candidates was below/above average. Dictionary example:
I expect to spend an average of £20 on a meal in a I promised the babysitter that we'd be home by midnight.
restaurant. Learner example:
Learner example: Write me an e-mail and I will send you the address of the
I [don't] have much time to watch TV and I only spend an family who needs a babysitter.
average of two to five hours [a] week.
back /bæk/
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: backing
Verbs: avoid Verbs: back
Adjectives: unavoidable ADVERB
Adverbs: unavoidably BEHIND
VERB [T] in a direction behind you
STAY AWAY FROM Dictionary examples:
to stay away from a person, place, situation, etc. He sat back on the sofa.
Dictionary examples: Anna stepped back.
I try to avoid the city centre at the weekend. Learner example:
Do you think Tim's avoiding me? I haven't seen him all day. I cried [out], stepping back and falling down.
Learner example:
People despise and avoid her because she is ugly. backache /ˈbæk.eɪk/

awake /əˈweɪk/ NOUN [C or U]

pain in your back
ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN] Dictionary example:
not sleeping I had terrible backache last week.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
I find it so difficult to stay awake during history lessons. I had a backache.
I drink a lot of coffee to keep me awake.

16
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

background /ˈbæk.graʊnd/ Learner example:

Actually he [had] bad luck in his exam this time but he can
NOUN try to do his best next time, can't he?
EXPERIENCE feel bad about sth/doing sth
[C] a person's education, family and experience of life to feel guilty or sorry about something that has happened
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
The school has pupils from many different I felt bad about letting her down.
ethnic/cultural/religious backgrounds. Learner example:
They come from a wealthy background. I don't have anything else which was yours, and I feel so
Learner example: bad about it.
You can learn a lot about our cultural background. too bad
backpack /ˈbæk.pæk/ used to say that you are sorry about a situation
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: backpack, backpacker, backpacking "He didn't get the job." "Oh, that's too bad."
NOUN [C] Learner example:
a bag that you carry on your back Too bad you couldn't be here.
Dictionary example: EVIL
I couldn't fit anything else in my backpack. (of people or actions) evil or morally unacceptable
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Travelling with a backpack is very handy. There are a lot of bad people in the world.
He's got his faults but he's not a bad person.
Learner example:
On this day our God Ram killed a bad man Ravan who took
backpacker /ˈbæk.pæk.ər/ Ram's wife Sita.

Word family: baggage /ˈbæg.ɪdʒ/

Nouns: backpack, backpacker, backpacking
NOUN [C] NOUN [U]
someone, especially a young person, who travels around an CASES
area without spending much money, carrying a backpack all the cases and bags that you take with you when you
Dictionary example: travel
The hostel is used mainly by backpackers. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: How many pieces of baggage do you have?
There is a special offer for backpackers. We had to pay extra for our excess baggage.
Learner example:
I [didn't have] much baggage, only one green suitcase.
backpacking /ˈbæk.pæk.ɪŋ/
baker /ˈbeɪ.kər/
Word family:
Nouns: backpack, backpacker, backpacking Word family:
NOUN [U] Nouns: baker, bakery
when you travel around an area without spending much Verbs: bake
money, carrying a NOUN [C]
backpack someone who makes and sells bread, cakes, etc. A shop
Dictionary example: that sells bread and cakes is usually called a baker's.
I went backpacking when I was a student. Learner example:
Learner example: My aunt, who is a baker, can certainly make a big delicious
Until now I mainly spent my holidays backpacking through birthday cake for Anna.
Europe.
balcony /ˈbæl.kə.ni/
backwards /ˈbæk.wədz/
NOUN [C]
ADVERB HOUSE ETC.
towards the direction behind you a small area joined to the wall outside an upper room where
Dictionary examples: you can stand or sit
I walked backwards towards the door. Dictionary example:
He took a step backwards to allow her to pass. We had a drink out on the balcony and watched the sunset.
Learner example: Learner example:
Very often, for example on Friday afternoon or Saturday, It's got a balcony, too, from where I can see the river.
there are so many people in a shopping centre that you
can't move forwards or backwards. bald /bɔːld/
bacon /ˈbeɪ.kən/ ADJECTIVE
with little or no hair on the head
NOUN [U] Dictionary examples:
! meat from a pig cut into long thin slices At twenty he was already going bald.
Dictionary examples: He has a bald patch.
a bacon sandwich Learner example:
a slice of bacon Police Officers jumped out from the bushes and subdued
bacon and eggs the bald man, Lew Juan Yee.
Learner example:
I like bacon very much but I ever eat it. ballet /ˈbæl.eɪ/
bad /bæd/ NOUN [C or U]
(a theatrical work with) a type of dancing where carefully
Word family: organized movements
Adjectives: bad tell a story or express an idea
Adverbs: badly Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE (worse, worst) a ballet dancer
SEVERE Both children do ballet.
very serious or severe Learner example:
Dictionary examples: She is always making me laugh, and she likes ballet too!
a bad injury
the worst flooding for years bandage /ˈbæn.dɪdʒ/
Learner example:
I can't go because I have to go to the hospital to see my NOUN [C or U]
grandmother who is in very bad health. a long piece of soft cloth that you tie around an injured part
NOT LUCKY of the body
not lucky, or not happening how you would like Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: She had a bandage around her wrist.
It was just bad luck that she heard us. Learner example:
I'll call you later if this is a bad time for you.

17
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

The doctor said that in one week he would take off my He started to teach me the basic knowle[d]ge of nuclear
bandage and as soon a[s] possible I'll come physic[s].
to visit you. NECESSARY
including or providing only the things that are most
bank account /ˈbæŋk.əˌkaʊnt/ necessary
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] basic services/skills/training
an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and He only has a basic command of English.
to allow you to take it The crisis has led to price rises in basic foodstuffs, such as
out when you need to meat, cheese and sugar.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
I've opened a bank account with a building society. You must take [a] pencil, rubber, ruler, pen... the basic
I paid the money into my bank account this morning. things.
Learner example: SIMPLE
The man, whose name I can't remember, wrote a serious- very simple, with nothing special added
looking message in which he [talked Dictionary example:
about] a money transfer to a Swiss bank account. It's the most basic model.
Learner example:
The decoration was basic, but homely.

basin /ˈbeɪ.sən/
bar /bɑːr/
NOUN [C]
NOUN [C] the bowl that is fixed to the wall in a bathroom, where you
BLOCK wash your hands and
a substance that has been made into a solid, rectangular face
shape Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: I've cleaned the basin and scrubbed the bath.
a bar of soap Learner example:
a chocolate bar I think I forgot it upstairs in the bathroom on the basin.
Learner example:
I think I've got the right present for your cousins. What do basket /ˈbɑː.skɪt/
you think about a bar of chocolate from Switzerland?
NOUN [C]
barbecue /ˈbɑː.bɪ.kjuː/ a container, usually with a handle, that is made of thin
pieces of wood, wire,
VERB [T] plastic, etc.
to cook food on a barbecue Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: a shopping/picnic basket
Their traditional sausages are delicious grilled or a laundry/clothes basket
barbecued. Learner example:
As I approach[ed] the sound, I saw something that [wa]s
barber /ˈbɑː.bər/ moving inside a basket. It was a baby,
crying [with] hunger.
NOUN [C]
someone whose job is to cut men's hair. The place where a bat /bæt/
barber works is usually
called the barber's. NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: ANIMAL
Dad goes to the barber's once a month. a small animal like a mouse with wings that flies at night
Learner example: Dictionary example:
My mother told me to go to the barber because I had my Bats were swooping through the night air.
hair very long. Learner example:
barman /ˈbɑː.mən/ A bat flew close to my left ear and far away I heard some
NOUN [C] strange sounds.
! a man who serves drinks in a bar
Dictionary example: battle /ˈbæt.l̩/
I asked the barman for some ice in my drink.
Learner example: NOUN
I have seen an advertisement for a barman. WAR
[C or U] a fight between armed forces in a war
base /beɪs/ Dictionary examples:
the Battle of the Somme
Word family: He was killed in battle.
Nouns: base, basics, basis Learner example:
Adjectives: basic But he died in a battle, so nobody knew where the treasure
Adverbs: basically [was] hidden!
VERB
base sth on sth PHRASAL VERB bay /beɪ/
If you base something on facts or ideas, you use those facts
or ideas to develop it. NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: COAST
The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann. an area of coast where the land curves in
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
This is an exciting film based on the musical "The Phantom Dublin Bay
of the Opera". the Bay of Naples
Learner example:
basic /ˈbeɪ.sɪk/ It's also possible to hire a small yacht there and have a trip
round the bay.
Word family:
Nouns: base, basics, basis beat /biːt/
Adjectives: basic
Adverbs: basically VERB (beat, beaten)
ADJECTIVE DEFEAT
MAIN [T] to defeat or do better than
being the main or most important part of something Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Simon always beats me at tennis.
basic ideas/principles Holland beat Belgium (by) 3-1.
The basic problem is that they don't talk to each other The nationalists were narrowly beaten in the local election.
enough. She has beaten her own record of three minutes ten
Learner example: seconds.
Learner example:

18
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Sebastian beat me 6-2. begin /bɪˈgɪn/

HEART
[I] When your heart beats, it makes regular movements Word family:
and sounds. Nouns: beginner, beginning
Dictionary example: Verbs: begin
By the time the doctor had arrived, his heart had stopped VERB (beginning, began, begun)
beating. begin with sth
Learner example: to have something at the start
My heart was beating like a bell and I was really excit[ed]. Dictionary example:
The word 'cat' begins with the letter 'c'.
beautifully /ˈbjuː.tɪ.fəl.i/ to begin with
at the start of a situation
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: beauty To begin with, the two girls got on well.
Adjectives: beautiful Learner example:
Adverbs: beautifully It wasn't stunningly beautiful, but a bed and a bathroom is
ADVERB really all we need[ed] to begin with!
in a way that is beautiful
Dictionary examples:
She dresses beautifully.
Their house is beautifully decorated.
Learner example: behave /bɪˈheɪv/
My room is big and beautifully decora[t]ed.
Word family:
Nouns: behaviour
Verbs: behave, misbehave
VERB
beauty /ˈbjuː.ti/ IN A PARTICULAR WAY
[I] to do or say things in a particular way
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: beauty She always behaves badly at bedtime.
Adjectives: beautiful He's been behaving very strangely recently.
Adverbs: beautifully You behaved like an idiot!
NOUN [U] Learner example:
BEING BEAUTIFUL As always, I'll behave like a gentleman.
the quality of being beautiful BE POLITE
Dictionary example: [I or T] to be polite and not make a situation difficult
This is an area of outstanding natural beauty. Dictionary example:
Learner example: Did the children behave (themselves)?
It's a very nice place and I wanted to record its beauty. Learner example:
Team sports can also help children to behave themselves.
because of /bɪˈkɒz.əv/

PREPOSITION behaviour /bɪˈheɪ.vjər/

as a result of
Dictionary example: Word family:
The train was delayed because of bad weather. Nouns: behaviour
Learner example: Verbs: behave, misbehave
He always had row[s] with his parents because of his school NOUN [U]
results the way that you behave
. Dictionary examples:
bee /biː/ bad/good behaviour
Her behaviour was appalling.
NOUN [C] Did you notice anything strange about his behaviour?
a yellow and black flying insect which makes honey and can Learner example:
sting you I was on the beach when my mobile phone rang. It was my
Dictionary examples: boyfriend apologizing for his bad
A swarm of bees flew into the garden. behaviour at the party we had had the night before.
I was stung by a bee.
Learner example: behind /bəˈhaɪnd/
Did you know that bees are endangered?
PREPOSITION
beef /biːf/ SLOWER
slower or less successful than someone or something
NOUN [U] Dictionary examples:
the meat of a cow The project is already behind schedule.
Dictionary example: Arsenal are six points behind Manchester United with three
roast beef matches still to play.
Learner example: Learner example:
They like eating beef, lamb and salad. Secondly, the show did not start until 20:15 pm. That was
almost one hour behind schedule.
before /bɪˈfɔːr/ SUPPORTING
giving your help or support to someone
PREPOSITION Dictionary example:
IN FRONT OF The group is 100 percent behind her.
in a position in front of someone or something Learner example:
Dictionary example: He is very nice because if you have problems he is always
I've never performed this before an audience. behind you to help you.
IN ORDER ADVERB
in front of someone or something in an order or a list BACK
Dictionary example: at or to the back of someone or something
The letter K comes before L in the English alphabet. Dictionary example:
CONJUNCTION Somebody grabbed me from behind.
TO AVOID SOMETHING 84Learner example:
in order to avoid something bad happening An old man appeared from behind wearing the same
Dictionary example: clothes [as] the owner of the phone and
Put that stick down before you hurt someone! asked [her] for it.
UNTIL PLACE
until (the event mentioned) in the place where someone or something was before
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
It took a few moments before I realized that he was joking. I was annoyed to discover that I'd left my bag behind.
After the party a few people stayed behind to help clear up.

19
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: PREPOSITION

The bus driver told him that a suitcase was left behind in addition to something or someone
because nobody claimed it. Dictionary example:
Do you play any other sports besides football and
believe /bɪˈliːv/ basketball?
Learner example:
Word family: It's a Chinese food buffet but besides Chinese food they
Nouns: belief also have Italian food like pizza.
Verbs: believe ADVERB
Adjectives: unbelievable EXTRA REASON
VERB [T] used to give another reason for something
not believe your eyes/ears Dictionary example:
to be very surprised when you see someone or something, She won't mind your being late - besides, it's hardly your
or when you hear what fault.
someone says Learner example:
Dictionary example: I think that I'm going to buy "Troy" because it looks to me
I couldn't believe my ears when Dan said they were getting [to be] a great movie - besides, it
married. reminds me of your vacations in Mexico.
Learner example: IN ADDITION TO
Well, this church was extremely simple [o]n the outside, but in addition to
when I got inside it, I couldn't believe Dictionary example:
my eyes. Besides looking after the children, she runs a successful
believe it or not business.
used to say that something is true although it seems Learner example:
surprising But besides playing, you can also sit [i]n the "club lounge",
Dictionary example: where you can drink something with
He even remembered my birthday, believe it or not. your friends or just play cards.
Learner example:
First I visited the "Roman Bath'' which is more than 2000 best /best/
years old and, believe it or not, it still
works! ADVERB
MOST SUITABLE
bell /bel/ (superlative of well) in the most suitable or satisfactory way
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] I sleep best with the window open.
ELECTRICAL OBJECT The Grand Canyon is best seen at sunset when it seems to
an electrical object that makes a ringing sound when you change colour.
press a button Learner example:
Dictionary example: It would be best if you c[a]me on Wednesday 27th.
Please ring the bell for attention. NOUN
Learner example: the best
I was relaxing at home when suddenly the bell rang. someone or something that is better than any other
Dictionary examples:
belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ I like all of Hitchcock's films, but I think 'Notorious' is the
best.
Word family: Chris and I are the best of friends.
Nouns: belongings Learner example:
Verbs: belong The trip was the best I have ever been [on] in my life.
VERB [I] at his/its, etc. best
belong to sth PHRASAL VERB at the highest level of achievement or quality
to be a member of a group or organization Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: The article is an example of journalism at its best.
We belong to the same tennis club. Learner example:
Learner example: I enjoyed this trip because we got to stay in the countryside
Also, I belonged to [a] golf club when I went to university in and [see] nature at its very best.
Japan. do/try your best
to make the greatest effort possible
Dictionary example:
below /bɪˈləʊ/ I did my best to persuade him.
Learner example:
ADVERB; PREPOSITION And the police said that they will try their best.
LESS
less than a particular amount or level bet /bet/
Dictionary examples:
His marks in English have been below average for some VERB [I or T]
time now. I bet (you)
The temperature has fallen below zero/freezing recently. INFORMAL something that you say to show that you believe
Learner example: that something is true or
We have to learn that [it] is not natural for a lion [to be] will happen
living in a country where, in winter, [the] Dictionary examples:
temperature can fall below zero. I bet you she's missed the bus.
I bet that he won't come.
benefit /ˈben.ɪ.fɪt/ Learner example:
The movie is amazing. I bet you'll see it soon.
Word family:
Nouns: benefit between /bɪˈtwiːn/
Verbs: benefit
Adjectives: beneficial PREPOSITION
NOUN [C or U] SHARE
something that helps you or gives you an advantage among two or more people or things
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the town. We drank two bottles of wine between four of us.
One of the many benefits of foreign travel is learning how Learner example:
to cope with the unexpected. I think you'll have to discuss the ideas between you.
He's had the benefit of an expensive education and yet he
continues to work as a waiter. bike /baɪk/
Learner example:
Taking everything [into] account, the drawbacks far NOUN [C]
outweigh its benefits. MOTORCYCLE
INFORMAL a motorcycle
besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ Dictionary example:
He came on his bike.

20
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

EMPTY
bin /bɪn/ empty or clear, or containing no information or mark
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] a blank sheet of paper
a container for waste a blank page
Dictionary examples: a blank tape/computer screen
a litter bin Sign your name in the blank space at the bottom of the
a rubbish bin form.
The supermarket has installed recycling bins for old Learner example:
newspapers, bottles and cans. We must bring [a] pencil and blank paper.
Do you want this or shall I throw it in the bin?
Learner example: bleed /bliːd/
On the other hand more bins ought to be put in the centre
and people [should be] encouraged to Word family:
separate their rubbish more carefully. Nouns: blood
Verbs: bleed
Adjectives: bloody
VERB [I] (bled, bled)
to lose blood
biography /baɪˈɒg.rə.fi/ Dictionary examples:
Your arm is bleeding.
NOUN [C] He was bleeding heavily.
the life story of a person written by someone else Learner example:
Dictionary example: When I arrived, he was [o]n the ground bleeding and with
He wrote a biography of Winston Churchill. his arm broke[n].
Learner example:
I found Orwell's biography so I bought it. blind /blaɪnd/

birth /bɜːθ/ Word family:

Nouns: blindness
NOUN Adjectives: blind
BABY ADJECTIVE
[C or U] the time when a baby is born NO SIGHT
Dictionary examples: not able to see
He weighed four kilos at birth. Dictionary examples:
What's your date of birth? She's been blind since birth.
The application form will ask for your place of birth. He started to go blind in his sixties.
Learner example: Learner example:
It begins with the birth of his sister Margana and ends with She told him she was blind and she couldn't find her dog.
his death.
block /blɒk/
bit /bɪt/
NOUN [C]
NOUN [C] BUILDING
quite a bit a large building containing many apartments or offices
INFORMAL a lot Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: a block of flats
He does quite a bit of travelling. Learner example:
She's quite a bit older than him. I drove to a block of flats.
Learner example: DISTANCE
We spent quite a bit of time [going] along the beach. the distance along a street from where one road crosses it
bite /baɪt/ to the place where the
VERB (bit, bitten) next road crosses it, or one part of a street like this,
[I or T] to cut something using your teeth especially in a town or city
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
He bit into the apple. The museum is just six blocks away.
I was bitten on the leg by a dog. My friend and I live on the same block.
Learner example: Learner example:
A snake bit me [o]n my leg, but that's ok. I'd have liked to go to the one which is four blocks away but
the other guys didn't want to.
bitter /ˈbɪt.ər/
blog /blɒg/
ADJECTIVE
TASTE Word family:
with an unpleasantly sharp taste Nouns: blog, blogger
Dictionary example: Verbs: blog
a bitter flavour/taste NOUN [C]
Learner example: a record of your activities or opinions that you put on the
And due to these bizarre situations I went through as a little Internet for other people
boy, everything related to shopping to read and that you change regularly
seems like a bitter liquid which I'm forced to drink. Dictionary example:
There are two or three blogs that I read on a daily basis.
blame /bleɪm/ VERB [I]
to write or add material to a blog
VERB [T] Dictionary example:
RESPONSIBLE He blogs about living with the disease.
to say or think that someone or something is responsible
for something bad which blogger /ˈblɒg.ər/
has happened
Dictionary examples: Word family:
Don't blame me if you miss the bus! Nouns: blog, blogger
Many people blame him for Tony's death. Verbs: blog
Hugh blames his lack of confidence on his mother. NOUN [C]
You can't really blame Helen for not wanting to get someone who writes a blog
involved. Dictionary example:
Learner example: Bloggers everywhere are commenting on the issue.
She thought that I would blame her so she decided to write
me a letter. blow /bləʊ/

blank /blæŋk/ VERB (blew, blown)

WIND
ADJECTIVE [I] If the wind blows, it moves and makes currents of air.

21
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary example: a car bomb

The wind was blowing harder every minute. Learner example:
Learner example: A bomb had exploded and that boy rescued me from the
Sometimes a cool wind blows, [and] Bodrum is like heaven accident.
with many handsome boys, different VERB [T]
kinds of shops, fresh air and clear sea. ! to attack a place using bombs
PERSON Dictionary example:
[I] to force air out through your mouth This pub was bombed a few years ago.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
She blew on her coffee before taking a sip. Houses had been bombed during the war and nothing was
blow your nose reconstructed.
to clear your nose by forcing air through it into a piece of
paper or cloth
Dictionary example: bone /bəʊn/
He blew his nose loudly.
board /bɔːd/ NOUN [C or U]
IN BODY
NOUN one of the hard pieces that make the structure inside a
on board human or animal
on a boat, train, aircraft, etc. Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: human/animal bones
There were 230 people on board the plane. There's still a lot of meat left on the bone - shall I slice some
Learner example: off for you?
After I checked in, I was on board. Learner example:
VERB I saw things like dinosaur bones, mummies, etc.
[I or T] to get onto or allow people to get onto a boat, train
or aircraft book /bʊk/
Dictionary examples:
At London airport she boarded a plane to Australia. Word family:
Will passengers waiting to board please go to the ticket Nouns: booking
counter? Verbs: book
Learner example: NOUN [C]
We all boarded the train. FOR WRITING
a set of pages fastened together in a cover and used for
writing on
body /ˈbɒd.i/ Dictionary example:
an address book
NOUN [C] Learner example:
NOT ARMS/LEGS I lost my address book last week.
the main part of a person's or animal's body, without the VERB [I or T]
head, arms and legs book sb in or book sb into sth PHRASAL VERB
Dictionary example: to arrange for someone to stay at a hotel
The dog had a thin body and short legs. Dictionary example:
Learner example: She booked me into a hotel in the town centre.
There was a black spider with long legs and a fat round Learner example:
body near my head. You have been booked into the "Palace Hotel" which is one
of the most comfortable [hotels] in
boil /bɔɪl/ town.
Word family: booking /ˈbʊk.ɪŋ/
Verbs: boil
Adjectives: boiled, boiling Word family:
VERB Nouns: booking
CONTAINER Verbs: book
[I or T] If a container of liquid boils, or if you boil it, it NOUN [C or U]
reaches the temperature an arrangement you make to have a hotel room, tickets,
where bubbles rise up in it and it produces steam. etc. at a particular time in
Dictionary examples: the future
Could you boil the kettle for me? Dictionary example:
The pan's boiling. advance booking
COOK Learner example:
[T] to cook food in water that is boiling If it's a problem for you, just phone me and I can change my
Dictionary example: booking.
Boil the potatoes until soft.
Learner example: boot /buːt/
I teach them how to swim, how to boil rice without electrical
equipment [and] so on. NOUN [C]
CAR
bold /bəʊld/ a closed space at the back of a car for putting things in
Dictionary example:
Word family: I'll put your luggage in the boot.
Adjectives: bold Learner example:
Adverbs: boldly If you need to, you can carry lots of heavy or large things
ADJECTIVE easily in the boot of your car.
EASY TO NOTICE
strong in colour or shape and therefore easy to notice border /ˈbɔː.dər/
Dictionary example:
bold colours/letters NOUN [C]
Learner example: the line that divides one country from another
It had some advertisements and I could read something Dictionary examples:
written in bold words. Were you stopped at the border?
The train crosses the border between France and Spain.
bomb /bɒm/ Learner example:
We could visit the mountains near the Czech and German
Word family: border.
Nouns: bomb, bomber, bombing
Verbs: bomb bottom /ˈbɒt.əm/
NOUN [C]
! a weapon that explodes and causes damage NOUN
Dictionary examples: SEA/RIVER/LAKE
The bomb exploded/went off near a busy market. [NO PLURAL] the ground under a river, lake, or sea
a nuclear bomb Dictionary example:

22
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

The ship had sunk to the bottom of the sea. Nouns: bravery
Learner example: Adjectives: brave
It gives me great pleasure to go and see all the beautiful Adverbs: bravely
kinds of fish in the modern aquarium, ADJECTIVE
which shows you the wonderful world [that exists] at the showing no fear of dangerous or difficult situations
bottom of the ocean. Dictionary examples:
FURTHEST PART a brave soldier
[NO PLURAL] the part of a road or area of land that is It was a brave decision to leave her job and start her own
furthest from where you are business.
Dictionary examples: She was very brave to learn to ski at fifty.
They live at the bottom of our street. Of the three organizations criticized, only one was brave to
The apple tree at the bottom of the garden has lots of face the press.
fruit. Richards has made a brave attempt to answer his critics.
Learner example: Learner example:
She could hear a sort of sad cat's voice from the bottom of They all laughed at me, but I was brave enough to mount
the garden. the horse again.
BODY PART
[C] the part of your body that you sit on bravely /ˈbreɪv.li/
Dictionary example:
She slipped and fell on her bottom. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: bravery
[There were two people holding] my arms and the third one Adjectives: brave
on the ladder below me [hold]ing my Adverbs: bravely
bottom. ADVERB
in a brave way
boxing /ˈbɒk.sɪŋ/ Dictionary example:
She faced the consequences bravely.
NOUN [U]
a sport in which two competitors fight by hitting each other break /breɪk/
with their hands
Dictionary examples: Word family:
Many doctors believe that boxing is too dangerous and Nouns: break, outbreak
should be banned. Verbs: break
He's a former world heavyweight boxing champion. Adjectives: breakable, broken
Learner example: VERB (broke, broken)
You can do gym, boxing, squash, [and] tennis. INTERRUPT
[I or T] to stop doing something for a short time
bracelet /ˈbreɪ.slət/ Dictionary examples:
Let's break for lunch.
NOUN [C] If you sit at a desk all day, try to break your routine with a
a piece of jewellery that you wear around your wrist walk or a swim.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
a gold/silver/diamond bracelet I think the most important aim of a holiday is to break your
Learner example: daily routine.
Actually I was very sad as the bracelet was particularly NOUN [C]
valuable to me. HOLIDAY
a holiday or period of time away from work, school, etc.
brake /breɪk/ Dictionary example:
a weekend break to Paris
NOUN [C] Learner example:
the part of a vehicle that makes it stop or move more He had a break for the weekend, and he called me: "I am in
slowly London, so, if you want to see me, it's
Dictionary example: the time!"
She had no brakes on her bicycle.
Learner example: breast /brest/
It has 24 active gears and multilink kevlor brakes.
NOUN [C]
branch /brɑːntʃ/ either of the two soft, rounded parts of a woman's chest
that produce milk after
NOUN [C] she has a baby
TREE Dictionary examples:
one of the many parts of a tree that grows out from its When a woman becomes pregnant her breasts tend to grow
trunk larger.
Dictionary example: breast cancer
Birds often make nests in the top branches of the tree. Learner example:
Learner example: This person is so special to me because [after I was] born I
She slowly climbed the tree and sat on one of the biggest was drinking milk from her breast.
branches.
BUSINESS breath /breθ/
one of several shops, offices, etc. that are part of a
company or organization Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: breath
I used to work in the local branch of a large bank. Verbs: breathe
She's a branch manager. NOUN [U]
Learner example: AIR
He has come from our branch office in New York, where he the air that goes into and out of your lungs
worked as [an] assistant. Dictionary example:
Her breath smelled of garlic.
Learner example:
brand new /ˌbrændˈnjuː/ Then I felt someone's breath on my shoulder...
breathe /briːð/
ADJECTIVE Word family:
completely new Nouns: breath
Dictionary example: Verbs: breathe
The washing machine is brand new. VERB [I or T]
Learner example: to take air into and out of your lungs
Well, I've decided to buy a new TV set and a brand new Dictionary examples:
sofa! It's so airless in here - I can hardly breathe.
Breathe in and now breathe out.
brave /breɪv/ Keep breathing deeply.
Learner example:
Word family: The air you will breathe is cleaner than the air in the city.

23
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

It was 11:15 so I thought "they won't come" but suddenly a

breeze /briːz/ brilliant light bath[ed] me.

NOUN [C] bring /brɪŋ/

a light and pleasant wind
Dictionary examples: VERB [T] (brought, brought)
a cool breeze bring (sb) happiness/luck/peace, etc.
She let the gentle breeze cool her face. to cause happiness/luck/peace, etc.
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
It was not that hot and we had a cool breeze as we cycled She's brought us so much happiness over the years.
downhill. Their attempts to bring peace to the region have so far
proved futile.
Learner example:
bride /braɪd/ She thought that the painting brought her bad luck but she
NOUN [C] thought that she was just talking
a woman who is getting married nonsense and that it wouldn't happen again.
Dictionary examples:
He returned from New York with his lovely new bride. broad /brɔːd/
The bride and groom posed for pictures outside the
church. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: breadth
The day of the wedding, I took lots of pictures of the bride Verbs: broaden
and the groom. Adjectives: broad
Adverbs: broadly
ADJECTIVE
WIDE
brief /briːf/ wide
Dictionary examples:
Word family: We walked down a broad avenue lined with trees.
Adjectives: brief He has very broad shoulders.
Adverbs: briefly a broad smile
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
SHORT Joss Merlyn was seven feet high, with broad, immense
lasting only a short time or using only a few words shoulders.
Dictionary examples: a broad range/variety, etc.
His acceptance speech was very brief. a group that includes many different things or people
I had a brief look at her report before the meeting. Dictionary example:
It'll only be a brief visit because we really haven't much The magazine covers a broad range of subjects, from
time. sewing to psychology.
The company issued a brief statement about yesterday's Learner example:
accident. My last employer asked me to work again this summer.
Learner example: [H]owever, I would like to have a broad
Turning to the website, I could not find all the information experience in different camps.
about the films, just a brief comment
about the director, wh[ich] is not useful for me.
broccoli /ˈbrɒk.əl.i/
briefly /ˈbriː.fli/
NOUN [U]
Word family: a green vegetable with a thick stem
Adjectives: brief Dictionary example:
Adverbs: briefly I had pasta with broccoli and tomatoes.
ADVERB brochure /ˈbrəʊ.ʃər/
for a short time NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: a thin book with pictures and information, usually
We chatted briefly about the weather. advertising something
Learner example: Dictionary example:
In this essay, I shall briefly look at the advantages and We looked at some holiday brochures last night.
disadvantages of ow[n]ing a car. Learner example:
I will send you some brochures of Switzerland, so you can
bright /braɪt/ choose some destinations.

Word family: bucket /ˈbʌk.ɪt/

Adjectives: bright
Adverbs: brightly NOUN [C]
ADJECTIVE a container with an open top and a handle, often used for
LIGHT carrying liquids
full of light, shining Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Armed with a bucket and a mop, I started washing the floor.
bright sunshine I took my two-year old nephew down to the beach with his
The rooms were bright and airy. bucket and spade.
The lights are too bright in here - they're hurting my eyes. Learner example:
Learner example: I screamed and ran out the door, when a bucket of ice cold
It was bright and sunny. water fell on my head!
bug /bʌg/
brilliant /ˈbrɪl.i.ənt/ NOUN [C]
INSECT
Word family: a very small insect
Adjectives: brilliant Dictionary example:
Adverbs: brilliantly He'd found a bug in his bed.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
VERY INTELLIGENT Maybe you're thinking that he's a loving man who talks only
extremely clever about bugs and insects, but it's not
Dictionary example: true.
a brilliant mathematician
Learner example: builder /ˈbɪl.dər/
He is [an] engineering student and he is brilliant in his
stud[ies]. Word family:
VERY BRIGHT Nouns: builder, building
full of light or colour Verbs: build, rebuild
Dictionary example: NOUN [C]
The sky was a brilliant blue. a person whose job it is to make buildings
Learner example: Learner example:

24
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Currently he's working in a hotel but in his own country he's His father was buried in the churchyard.
a builder. Learner example:
bull /bʊl/ Apparently, no human being was walking outside and she
NOUN [C] could not even hear anything but a distant bell, certainly
a male cow, or the male of particular animals such as the that of the church where they had buried poor aunt
elephant or the whale Charlotte.
Dictionary example:
They did not see the sign by the gate saying 'Beware of the business /ˈbɪz.nɪs/
bull'.
NOUN
bunch /bʌntʃ/ WORK
[U] the work that you do to earn money
NOUN Dictionary example:
THINGS I'm in Baltimore on business.
[C] a number of things of the same type which are joined or Learner example:
held together I was there on business.
Dictionary example:
a bunch of flowers/grapes/bananas/keys but /bʌt/
Learner example:
He gave me a bunch of roses. CONJUNCTION
PEOPLE EXPLAINING WHY
[NO PLURAL] INFORMAL a group of people used before you say why something did not happen or is
Dictionary example: not true
His friends are a nice bunch. Dictionary example:
Learner example: I was going to go to his party, but I was ill.
I met a bunch of guys there, [and] they were all good to Learner example:
me. I'm really sorry I haven't written for so long, but I was very
busy last week.
PREPOSITION
burn /bɜːn/ except
Dictionary examples:
Word family: Everyone but Andrew knows.
Verbs: burn This car has been nothing but trouble - it's always
Adjectives: burning breaking down!
VERB (burnt or burned, burnt or burned) Learner example:
DESTROY I'm free all days of the week but Monday and Wednesday.
[I or T] to (cause something to) be damaged or destroyed
by fire or extreme heat butcher /ˈbʊtʃ.ər/
Dictionary examples:
The factory burned to the ground. NOUN [C]
She burnt his old love letters. a person who sells meat in a shop. A shop that sells meat is
He dropped his cigarette and burnt a hole in his jacket. usually called a
Learner example: butcher's.
That day, I left her on the stairs, I came back home and Learner example:
burnt the letter. He start[ed] to work as a butcher.
PRODUCE FLAMES butterfly /ˈbʌt.ə.flaɪ/
[I] to be on fire, or to produce flames NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: an insect with large, patterned wings
The wood was wet and would not burn. Dictionary example:
A fire was burning brightly in the fireplace. A butterfly landed on her sleeve for a moment.
Learner example: Learner example:
After a while I found matches and firewood, and soon a nice There were lot[s] of wild flowers and we saw some beautiful
warm fire was burning in the birds and butterflies.
fireplace.
COOK TOO LONG button /ˈbʌt.ən/
[I or T] If you burn something that you are cooking, you
cook it too much and if NOUN [C]
something you are cooking burns, it cooks too much. ON MACHINE
Dictionary example: a switch that you press to control a piece of equipment
Check the pizza - I think it's burning! Dictionary example:
Learner example: He inserted the DVD and pressed the 'play' button.
He burned the chicken, so we had only sala[d] and bread. Learner example:
HURT BODY I could have written a letter in a bottle but waiting for the
[T] to hurt a part of the body with fire or heat answer would take a decade, now [with
Dictionary example: email] it's just a click of a button.
I burnt my hand on the iron. ON CLOTHING
Learner example: a small, round object used to fasten something, for example
If I go to the beach I like to wear a swimming suit that a shirt or coat
cover[s] all of my body because I don't want to burn my Dictionary example:
skin. I did up/undid the buttons on my blouse.
Learner example:
It was a long dress with some square buttons [on the] front
burning /ˈbɜː.nɪŋ/ of it.
Word family: buyer /ˈbaɪ.ər/
Verbs: burn
Adjectives: burning Word family:
ADJECTIVE Nouns: buyer
ON FIRE Verbs: buy
on fire NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: someone who buys something expensive such as a house
A man staggered from the burning car. Dictionary example:
Learner example: He's still looking for a buyer for his house.
I saw a burning car. Learner example:
bury /ˈber.i/ She had already found a buyer for the famous painting.
Word family:
Nouns: burial by /baɪ/
Verbs: bury
VERB [T] PREPOSITION
DEAD BODY NEAR
to put a dead body into the ground near or next to something or someone
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:

25
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

A small child stood by her side. ANIMAL

I'll meet you by the post office. a young cow
Learner example: Dictionary example:
We'll meet by the cinema at 7.00 pm. There were some calves in the field.
by accident/mistake, etc. Learner example:
as a result of an accident, mistake, etc. That reminded me [of] the time when I milked the cows and
Dictionary example: fe[d] the ewes and the calves.
I went to the wrong room by mistake.
Learner example: call /kɔːl/
I was putting my shopping bags on the table and I pushed it
by mistake. VERB
by hand NAME
done or made by a person instead of a machine [T] to give someone or something a particular name
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
This sweater has to be washed by hand. They've called the twins Katherine and Thomas.
His real name is Jonathan, but they've always called him
cab /kæb/ 'Johnny'.
Learner example:
NOUN [C] Two months later, the baby girl was born and [she] called
a taxi her 'Mary'.
Dictionary example: SHOUT
We took a cab to the theatre. [I or T] to say something in a loud voice, especially in order
Learner example: to attract someone's
I packed my things and I took a cab home. attention
Dictionary examples:
Did you call?
I thought I heard someone call my name.
Someone in the crowd called (out) his name.
"Hey, come over here!" she called.
cabbage /ˈkæb.ɪdʒ/ Learner example:
I ignored the voice, but again someone called me.
NOUN [C or U] NOUN [C]
a large round vegetable with green, white or purple leaves, SHOUT
which can be eaten cooked or raw when someone shouts something
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a savoy cabbage She could hear calls for help from inside the burning
red/white cabbage building.
Learner example: I'll be in the next room, so give me a call if you need any
Sarma is made [with] meat and cabbage. help.
Learner example:
cabin /ˈkæb.ɪn/ I continued on towards Kingsley Road where the call for
help had been made.
NOUN [C] sb's call INFORMAL
AIRCRAFT when someone can decide something
the area where passengers sit on an aircraft Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: I don't mind what we do - it's your call.
cabin crew Learner example:
Learner example: This is my opinon, but it is your call, talk to your parents.
She is [a] cabin attendant now, and she had a flight to
London from Japan. calm /kɑːm/

cable /ˈkeɪ.bl̩/ Word family:

Verbs: calm
NOUN Adjectives: calm
TELEVISION/TELEPHONE Adverbs: calmly
[U] the system of sending signals carrying information for ADJECTIVE
television, telephone, or PERSON
Internet along wires relaxed and not worried, frightened, or excited
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
cable TV/television Try to stay calm - the doctor will be here soon.
This channel is only available on cable. Now keep calm everyone, the police are on their way.
Learner example: He has a very calm manner/voice.
The rooms are big and [have] cable TV and air conditioning. Learner example:
He is calm, friendly and helpful.
cage /keɪdʒ/ SEA/WEATHER
describes weather which is not windy, or the sea or a lake
NOUN [C] when it is still and has no waves
a container made of wire or metal bars used for keeping Dictionary examples:
birds or animals calm seas
Dictionary example: The weather was calmer the next morning so we set sail.
It took about 10 minutes to get the mouse into her cage. There was no rain that day and the sea was calm.
Learner example: Learner example:
There is a wonderful garden, in which you can find a lot of The sea is calm with almost no waves, so we could relax in
flowers and parrots in [a] cage. the water.

calculator /ˈkæl.kjʊˌleɪt.ər/ camel /ˈkæm.əl/

Word family: NOUN [C]

Nouns: calculation, calculator a large animal that lives in the desert and has one or two
Verbs: calculate raised parts on its back
NOUN [C] Dictionary example:
an electronic device that you use to do mathematical Have you ever ridden a camel?
calculations Learner example:
Dictionary example: You can enjoy watching camels and goats passing, once in
a pocket calculator the morning and [again] in the evening.
Learner example:
I use the calculator and the computer every day, so modern camp /kæmp/
technology has become a big part of my life.
Word family:
calf /kɑ:f/ Nouns: camp, camping
Verbs: camp
NOUN [C] (PLURAL calves) NOUN

26
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

TENTS/BUILDINGS Dictionary example:

[C or U] a place where people stay in tents or other Shall I light a candle?
temporary structures Learner example:
Dictionary example: I like shopping for clothes but also for other things like
We pitched/set up camp by the lakeside. candles and so on.
Learner example:
The camp was a peaceful place with flowers, trees, and a canteen /kænˈtiːn/
[cycle track].
NOUN [C]
campsite /ˈkæmp.saɪt/ a restaurant in a school, college, factory, office, etc.
Dictionary example:
NOUN [C] a school/college canteen
an area where people can stay in tents for a holiday Learner example:
Dictionary example: I went to [the] canteen to buy something.
The campsite was very near the beach.
Learner example: captain /ˈkæp.tɪn/
I really enjoyed the scenery because near our tent there
was a tiny waterfall; in front of our NOUN [C]
campsite there was a forest. SPORTS
the leader of a sports team
can /kæn/ Dictionary example:
It's unusual to have a goalkeeper as (the) captain of a
MODAL VERB football team.
SURPRISE Learner example:
used to show surprise or lack of belief Now I am the captain of the football team.
Dictionary examples:
You can't possibly be hungry already! card /kɑːd/
Can you believe it?
Learner example: NOUN [C]
In fact, the highest tree there is almost 30 metres tall! Can INFORMATION
you believe that? a small piece of stiff paper or plastic that has information
printed on it
canal /kəˈnæl/ Dictionary examples:
a library card
NOUN [C] He gave me his business card.
an artificial river built for boats to travel along or to take Learner example:
water from one area to another It is important because my student card is in there.
Dictionary example: COMPUTER
The Panama Canal provides a crucial shipping link between a part inside a computer which controls how the computer
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. operates
Learner example: Dictionary example:
And if you don't like jazz, you could visit Tivoli or take a a graphics/sound card
canal tour. Learner example:
Obviously, I complete[d] the configuration with a sound
cancel /ˈkænt.səl/ (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-) card and the connection by modem to
[the] internet, creating a powerful multimedia work station.
Word family:
Nouns: cancellation care /keər/
Verbs: cancel
VERB [T] Word family:
to decide that an organized event will not now happen, or Nouns: care, carelessness
to stop an order for Verbs: care
goods or services that you no longer want Adjectives: careful, careless, caring
Dictionary examples: Adverbs: carefully, carelessly
They've had to cancel tomorrow's football match because NOUN
of the bad weather. take care of sb/sth
The 7:10 train to London's Kings Cross has been cancelled. to look after someone or something
I've cancelled the order. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Take good care of your sister, Patrick.
I had nothing to do because my previous plans had been Don't worry about me, I can take care of myself.
cancelled. My parents will take care of the house while we're away.
Learner example:
cancer /ˈkænt.sər/ My dad had to go to Canada for a meeting, so he asked me
to take care of her.
NOUN [C or U] ATTENTION
! a serious disease that is caused when cells in the body [U] when you give a lot of attention to something so that
grow in a way that is uncontrolled and not normal you do not make a
Dictionary examples: mistake or damage anything
breast/lung cancer Dictionary examples:
He died of liver cancer. cancer of the stomach. a cancer The roads are icy, so drive with care.
patient Take care that you don't fall.
Learner example: You need to take a bit more care with your spelling.
The doctors told my parents that my aunt was suffering The parcel had a label on it saying 'Handle with care'.
from cancer. Learner example:
I will return your bicycle tomorrow or the day after and I
candidate /ˈkæn.dɪ.dət/ promise that I will handle it with care.
VERB
NOUN [C] WORRY
EXAMINATION [I or T] to think that something is important and to feel
someone who is taking an exam interested in it or worried
Dictionary example: about it
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at Dictionary examples:
the top of this page. She's never cared very much about her appearance.
Learner example: I really don't care whether we go out or not.
It is [the] name [of] [an]other candidate who passed the I don't care how much it costs, just buy it.
examination. Learner example:
He gave us some paperwork and didn't care if we
candle /ˈkæn.dl̩/ understood what to do.
LOVE
NOUN [C] [I] to love someone
a stick of wax with string going through it which produces Dictionary examples:
light as it burns

27
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Your parents are only doing this because they care about I'm a bit short of cash at the moment.
you. Learner example:
I knew that Amy still cared for me. There are a lot of hotels, but if you don't want to spend
Learner example: [any] cash you can stay at my place.
He never cared about you.
cashpoint /ˈkæʃ.pɔɪnt/
career /kəˈrɪər/
NOUN [C]
NOUN [C] a machine, usually in a wall outside a bank, that you can
JOB get money from using a
the job or series of jobs that you do during your working plastic card
life, especially if you Dictionary example:
continue to get better jobs and earn more money I got some money out from the cashpoint.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
He hasn't yet chosen a career. I went to the nearest cashpoint and got £400.
a successful career in marketing
What are the career prospects? casual /ˈkæʒ.ju.əl/
Learner example:
I think it's important to learn English for my career in the ADJECTIVE
future. CLOTHES
Casual clothes are comfortable but not smart and not
careless /ˈkeə.ləs/ suitable for formal
occasions.
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: care, carelessness casual clothes
Verbs: care Learner example:
Adjectives: careful, careless, caring I mostly wear casual things, jumpers and jeans for example.
Adverbs: carefully, carelessly
ADJECTIVE catch /kætʃ/
not giving enough attention to what you are doing
Dictionary examples: VERB (caught, caught)
careless driving/drivers STOP ESCAPING
My son's teacher says that his work is often rather careless. [T] to find and stop a person or animal that is trying to
He made a careless remark about her appearance that escape
really upset her. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Did they ever catch the terrorists?
In short, we have to realise the danger of careless driving, They caught a lot of fish that day.
in order to avoid or at least to reduce the high rate of car Learner example:
accidents. He gave me some good tips on how to catch some really
large fish.
carry /ˈkær.i/ catch fire
to start burning
VERB [T] Dictionary example:
HAVE WITH YOU The factory caught fire late yesterday evening.
to have something with you all the time Learner example:
Dictionary examples: One of the new machines that I had brought from Germany
She still carries his photo in her purse. had caught fire.
Police officers in Britain do not usually carry guns.
Learner example: cattle /ˈkæt.l̩/
I carried all of my holiday money inside it!
NOUN [PLURAL]
case /keɪs/ male and female cows kept on a farm for their milk or meat
Dictionary example:
NOUN beef/dairy cattle
SITUATION Learner example:
[C] a particular situation or example of something He was born in Australia, where his father has a big cattle
Dictionary examples: station.
Over fifty people were injured, in several cases seriously.
I wouldn't normally agree but I'll make an exception in this cave /keɪv/
case.
The number of new cases of flu has risen. NOUN [C]
We have lots of applications from people who want to study a large hole in the side of a hill, cliff or mountain, or one
here and in each case we consider the candidate very that is underground
carefully. Dictionary example:
She was suffering from an extreme case of sunburn. The area is also home to one of the largest underground
Learner example: cave and lake systems in Latin America.
In this case, I suggest that you need to gather your friends Learner example:
and go to ask for it together. The next day I went to see a cave with a blue lake inside it.
in case of sth
when something happens, or in preparation for when
something happens CD-ROM /ˌsiː.diːˈrɒm/
Dictionary example:
We keep a bucket of water backstage, in case of fire. NOUN [C or U]
Learner example: ABBREVIATION FOR compact disc read-only memory: a disc
It is about how to rescue people in case of an accident or a that holds large amounts of
natural disaster. information that can be read by a computer but cannot be
(just) in case changed
because of a possibility of something happening, being Dictionary example:
needed, etc. Cambridge dictionaries are available on CD-ROM.
Dictionary examples:
I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some just in celebrate /ˈsel.ə.breɪt/
case.
Bring a map in case you get lost. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: celebration
I have my mobile with me just in case. Verbs: celebrate
VERB [I or T]
cash /kæʃ/ to do something enjoyable because it is a special day, or
because something good has happened
NOUN [U] Dictionary examples:
MONEY We always celebrate our wedding anniversary by going out
INFORMAL money in any form to dinner.
Dictionary example:

28
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

We'd just finished our exams so we were having a party to I'm certain that in your country weddings are as wonderful
celebrate. as in Brazil.
Learner example: SURE TO HAPPEN
We are going to celebrate my husband's birthday at home sure to happen, to do something, or to be true
with some friends, so I'm preparing everything for the Dictionary examples:
party. It now looks certain that she will resign.
One thing is certain: she's not coming to my party.
celebration /ˌsel.əˈbreɪ.ʃən/ How can we make certain that she sees the note?
Learner example:
Word family: If I were you I'd choose the large school because it's certain
Nouns: celebration that you'll find people [there] that think like you.
Verbs: celebrate PARTICULAR
NOUN [C or U] [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] used to refer to a particular
a special social event, such as a party, when you celebrate person or thing without naming or describing them
something, or the act of celebrating something Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: The museum is only open at certain times of the day.
There were lively New Year celebrations all over town. Learner example:
Such good news calls for a celebration! The last one I saw was called 'Spelling' and it was a kind of
Learner example: quiz where the competitors had to spell difficult words fast
He told me that he decided to marry and he invited me [to] and finish at a certain time.
the celebration in Paris in November.

celebrity /səˈleb.rə.ti/ certificate /səˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/

NOUN [C] NOUN [C]

someone who is famous, especially in the entertainment an official document that gives details to show that
business something is true
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
It's a celebrity gossip magazine. a birth/marriage/death certificate
Learner example: an examination certificate
The walls are painted blue and hung with posters of my a doctor's/medical certificate
favourite celebrities. Learner example:
You must have the PET certificate and you should speak
central /ˈsen.trəl/ another language.

Word family: chain /tʃeɪn/

Nouns: centre
Adjectives: central NOUN
ADJECTIVE BUSINESS
NEAR CENTRE [C] a number of similar shops, restaurants, etc. owned by
in or near the centre of a place or object the same company
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
central Europe/London a chain of hotels/shops/supermarkets
Of course, you pay more for premises with a central a fast-food chain
location. Learner example:
Learner example: These days children [have] grown up with McDonalds and
We could go for a walk to the park in the central area of my other fast-food chains.
town.
challenge /ˈtʃæl.ɪndʒ/
central heating /ˈsen.trəlˈhiːt.ɪŋ/
Word family:
NOUN [U] Nouns: challenge
a system of heating a building by warming air or water in Verbs: challenge
one place and carrying it to different rooms in pipes Adjectives: challenging
Dictionary example: NOUN
The house had no central heating so in winter it was DIFFICULT
freezing. [C or U] something that is difficult and that tests someone's
Learner example: ability or determination
I like this restaurant because it's cheap, big and tidy, [and] Dictionary examples:
at the same time it has central heating Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest
and air condition[ing]. challenges faced by scientists today. You know me - I like a
challenge.
ceremony /ˈser.ə.mə.ni/ It's going to be a difficult job but I'm sure she'll rise to the
challenge.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
a formal event that is performed on important social or I went with two friends from school, we had a big adventure
religious occasions there and we had to face many challenges.
Dictionary example:
a wedding/graduation ceremony challenging /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/
Learner example:
In July I'm going to [get] married to my girl friend, and the Word family:
wedding ceremony is on 7th of July. Nouns: challenge
Verbs: challenge
certain /ˈsɜː.tən/ Adjectives: challenging
ADJECTIVE
Word family: difficult, in a way that tests your ability or determination
Nouns: certainty, uncertainty Dictionary example:
Adjectives: certain, uncertain This has been a challenging time for us all.
Adverbs: certainly Learner example:
ADJECTIVE Like cavaliers we ride across the country looking for
NO DOUBT adventures and challenging activities.
[NEVER BEFORE NOUN] completely sure of something, or
knowing without doubt that champion /ˈtʃæm.pi.ən/
something is true
Dictionary examples: Word family:
I feel certain (that) you're doing the right thing. Nouns: champion, championship
Are you absolutely certain (that) you gave them the right NOUN [C]
number? WINNER
I'm not certain how much it will cost. a person, animal, or team that wins a competition
He was quite certain about/of his attacker's identity. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: an Olympic champion

29
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

She is the world champion for the third year in succession. [U] money which is coins rather than notes
The defending champion will play his first match of the [V] Dictionary examples:
tournament tomorrow. She gave me £5 in change.
Who are the European football champions? My dad always used to carry a lot of loose/small change in
Learner example: his pocket.
Last week I played with a person who was the world chess Learner example:
champion! He asked me if I had any change.
NEW EXPERIENCE
championship /ˈtʃæm.pi.ən.ʃɪp/ [USUALLY NO PLURAL] something which is pleasant or
interesting because it is unusual or new
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: champion, championship It's nice to see her smile for a change.
NOUN [C] "Shall we eat in the garden?" "Why not - it'll make a
a competition to find the best team or player in a particular change."
game or sport We've always had a red car - it's time we had a change!
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
the British Diving Championship Last year the college had a sports day so this year we
The world championships will be held in Scotland next should have a party in a disco for a change.
year.
He has been playing championship tennis for three years
now. chapter /ˈtʃæp.tər/
Learner example:
I have a sailing championship, in which I must participate. NOUN [C]
one of the parts that a book is divided into
chance /tʃɑːnts/ Dictionary example:
Read Chapter 3 before class tomorrow.
NOUN Learner example:
POSSIBILITY I promise you that I will read chapter 10 of the book, and I
[C or U] the possibility that something will happen will make a resume for you.
Dictionary examples:
There's a chance (that) he'll still be there. character /ˈkær.ɪk.tər/
Does she have any chance of winning?
You'd have a better chance of passing your exams if you Word family:
worked a bit harder. Nouns: character, characteristic
There's a good chance (that) I'll have this essay finished Adjectives: characteristic
by tomorrow. NOUN
What are the chances of getting tickets for the Olympics? IN A STORY
Learner example: [C] a person represented in a film, play or story
Is [there] any chance [of] borrow[ing] your bicycle? Dictionary examples:
OPPORTUNITY The film revolves around three main characters.
[C] the opportunity to do something She had Mickey Mouse or some other cartoon/Disney
Dictionary examples: character on her sweater.
I didn't get/have a chance to speak to her. He made his name as a character actor.
If you give me a chance to speak, I'll explain. Learner example:
This trip is the chance of a lifetime. My favourite character was Gandalf but Lucie preferred
He left and I missed my chance to say goodbye to him. Morween, the young elf maiden.
Learner example: QUALITIES/PERSONALITY
If you get a chance to learn to dance, you must do this [C or U] the combination of qualities and personality that
because it [is] fun. makes a person different from others
LUCK Dictionary examples:
[U] when something happens because of luck, or without Politeness is traditionally part of the British character.
being planned It would be very out of character of her to lie.
Dictionary example: One of the joys of being a parent is watching the child's
I saw her by chance in the shop. character develop.
Learner example: It's not in his character to be jealous.
By chance it was my camera. Learner example:
Mary had a strong character and faced her uncle with great
courage.
change /tʃeɪndʒ/

Word family:
Nouns: change charge /tʃɑːdʒ/
Verbs: change
Adjectives: unchanged, changeable VERB
VERB MONEY
IN SHOP [I or T] to ask an amount of money for something,
[T] to take something you have bought back to a shop and especially a service or activity
exchange it for Dictionary examples:
something else How much/What do you charge for delivery?
Dictionary example: The bank charged commission to change my traveller's
I had to change those trousers I bought for a bigger pair. cheques.
change your mind They charge you $20 just to get into the nightclub.
to change a decision or opinion The local museum doesn't charge for admission.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
If you change your mind about coming tonight, just give me Be careful while you are in Brazil because sometimes
a call. people charge really high prices for everything just because
When I first met him I didn't like him but I've changed my you are a tourist.
mind. NOUN
Learner example: MONEY
After the first lesson, I changed my mind. [C or U] the amount of money that you have to pay for
NOUN something, especially for an activity or service
MONEY Dictionary examples:
[U] the money which is returned to someone who has paid There's no charge for children under ten.
for something which There's an admission charge of £5.
costs less than the amount that they gave They fixed my watch free of charge.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
I think you've given me the wrong change. It is free of charge and will give me a idea of this sport.
Learner example: be in charge
First of all, I helped selling tickets and drinks and there I to be the person who has control of or is responsible for
realized how bad my maths is - I took someone or something
such a long time to give back the change! Dictionary examples:
COINS She's in charge of a team of 20 people.

30
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Who's in charge of organizing the music for the party. I'll meet you at the check-in desk.
Learner example: Learner example:
I talk[ed] to the man who was in charge and [he] After we had finished [having coffee], we went to the check-
convince[d] me that it was safe, so I did it. in.

charity /ˈtʃær.ə.ti/ checkout /ˈtʃek.aʊt/

NOUN NOUN [C]

ORGANIZATION SHOP
[C or U] an official organization that gives money, food, or the place in a shop, especially a large food shop, where you
help to people who need it, or money, food, or help that is pay for your goods
given to people who need it Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Your fruit and vegetables will be weighed at the checkout.
UNICEF is an international charity. She works on the checkout at the local supermarket.
She does a lot of work for charity. Learner example:
She does a lot of charity work. Your visit to the shop concludes in a long queue to the
People tend to give to charity at Christmas time. checkout (where you can easily spend another 30 minutes),
Money from the sale of these cards will go to local where they will suck out some money from your account.
charities. WEBSITE
Learner example: the place on a website where you order and pay for goods
In the club, we do some charity work, helping people. Dictionary example:
After you've chosen what you want, click here to proceed to
charming /ˈtʃɑː.mɪŋ/ checkout.

Word family: cheek /tʃiːk/

Nouns: charm
Adjectives: charming NOUN
ADJECTIVE [C] the soft part of your face which is below your eye and
pleasant and attractive between your mouth and ear
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
He's very charming. rosy cheeks
It's a charming little village. The tears ran down her cheeks.
Learner example: He kissed her on both cheeks.
He's charming, but he's too talkative and not romantic Learner example:
enough. I kissed him on the cheek and I left him.

chat show /ˈtʃætˌʃəʊ/

cheerful /ˈtʃɪə.fəl/
NOUN [C]
a television or radio programme where people are asked Word family:
questions about Nouns: cheerfulness
themselves Verbs: cheer
Dictionary example: Adjectives: cheerful
I saw her on a chat show last week. Adverbs: cheerfully
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
But I'm very interested in politics, so I really enjoy political HAPPY
and chat shows. happy and positive
Dictionary examples:
check /tʃek/ He's usually fairly cheerful.
You're in a cheerful mood this morning.
VERB She manages to stay cheerful despite everything.
FIND OUT Learner example:
[I or T] to find out about something Her fiancé is very kind and cheerful.
Dictionary examples:
I rang them yesterday to check when they were arriving. Cheers! /tʃɪəz/
If you're near the garage, could you check whether the
car's ready? EXCLAMATION
Learner example: BEFORE DRINK
I called the company to check whether I really had won the a friendly expression said just before you drink an alcoholic
jackpot. drink
NOUN [C] Dictionary example:
an examination of something in order to make certain that Cheers! To your good health.
it is correct or the way it should be GOODBYE
Dictionary examples: used to mean 'goodbye'
The soldiers gave their equipment a final check before Dictionary example:
setting off. "Bye." "Cheers, see you next week."
We do safety checks on all our electrical equipment. Learner example:
Security checks have become really strict at the airport. See you later, cheers.
Learner example:
I have to do some medical checks [on] my dog because I chemist /ˈkem.ɪst/
think it is very sick and may have a problem [with its]
throat. Word family:
check-in (counter) /ˈtʃek.ɪnˌkaʊn.tər/ Nouns: chemical, chemist, chemistry
NOUN [C] Adjectives: chemical
the place at an airport where you show your ticket so that NOUN [C]
you can be told where you will be sitting SCIENCE
ictionary examples: a person who studies chemistry, or a scientist who works
A representative from the tour operator will meet you at the with chemicals or studies
check-in. their reactions
I'll meet you by the check-in counter. Dictionary example:
Learner example: Is he a chemist or a physicist?
After we had finished [having coffee], we went to the check- Learner example:
in. I ha[d] been working in a factory because I am [a] chemist,
but one day I decided to change my work [and] my life.
check-in (desk) /ˈtʃek.ɪnˌdesk/
chest of drawers /ˌtʃest.əvˈdrɔːz/
NOUN [C]
the place at an airport where you show your ticket so that NOUN [C]
you can be told where you will be sitting a piece of furniture for keeping clothes in
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
A representative from the tour company will meet you at We need a chest of drawers for Oliver's bedroom.
the check-in. Learner example:

31
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

I bought a chest of drawers and put it next to the door.

Word family:
chewing gum /ˈtʃuː.ɪŋˌgʌm/ Nouns: circle, circulation
Verbs: circle
NOUN [U] Adjectives: circular
a sweet that you chew but do not swallow VERB
Dictionary example: DRAW
Would you like a piece/stick of chewing gum? [T] to draw a circle around something
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Some visitors [to the zoo] feed them with forbidden things Circle the answer you think is correct.
like sugar or they give them chewing gum.

childhood /ˈtʃaɪld.hʊd/ circus /ˈsɜː.kəs/

Word family: NOUN [C]

Nouns: child, childhood a show in which a group of people and animals perform in a
Adjectives: childish large tent
NOUN [C or U] Dictionary examples:
the time when someone is a child a circus ring
Dictionary examples: The children loved being taken to the circus.
She had an unhappy childhood. Learner example:
Childhood is not always a happy time. In the afternoon you can just go walking if you are not in a
Learner example: mood to do something exciting, but if
The e-mail was from somebody who I haven't heard about are, you can go to the circus.
since my childhood.
clap /klæp/
chin /tʃɪn/
VERB [I or T] (-pp-)
NOUN [C] to hit your hands together, often repeatedly, especially in
the bottom part of a person's face, below their mouth order to show you enjoyed a performance
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Fasten the strap beneath your chin. The audience clapped and cheered for more.
She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. "When I clap my hands, you must stand still," said the
Learner example: teacher.
I'm just about 20cm taller and I've grown whiskers on my Learner example:
chin, which is quite an uncommon look. Every[thing] was nice till I clapped my hands to call the
waiter to [get] the bill.
choice /tʃɔɪs/
clear /klɪər/
Word family:
Nouns: choice Word family:
Verbs: choose Verbs: clear
NOUN Adjectives: clear, unclear
RIGHT Adverbs: clearly
[C U OR NO PLURAL] when you can choose between two ADJECTIVE
or more things, or the decision WITHOUT CLOUDS
to choose one thing or person and not someone or A clear sky does not have any clouds.
something else Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: clear blue skies
If I had a choice, I'd give up work. Learner example:
I had to go - I had no choice. When we went to San Martin de los Andes, we could see
It's a difficult choice to make. seven lakes and different kinds of trees and the sky [was]
It's your choice/The choice is yours. always clear.
It was a choice between black or brown. CERTAIN
Given the choice, I'd stay at home. certain or obvious
I'd prefer not to work Saturdays but I don't have much Dictionary examples:
choice. Are you clear about how to get there?
I'm single by choice. It's clear that she's not interested.
Learner example: I'm still not clear what I'm supposed to do.
I'm very sorry that I can't [make] the choice for you. Learner example:
VARIETY Are you clear about the questions?
[U OR NO PLURAL] the range of different things from VERB
which you can choose [T] to remove all the objects or people from a place
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
There wasn't much choice on the menu. It took several hours to clear the road after the accident.
The evening menu offers a wide choice of dishes. I'll make the coffee if you'll clear the table.
The dress is available in a choice of colours. I cleared the snow from the path.
Learner example: Could you clear your things off the sofa?
There is a very wide choice of activities! Learner example:
PERSON/THING I cleared the stage before the concert, but you [ca]n't
[C USUALLY NO PLURAL] a person or thing that has been imagine how it looked after it?!!! Full of flowers, hats,
chosen or that can be chosen underwear, etc.
Dictionary examples:
Harvard was not his first choice. clearly /ˈklɪə.li/
He wouldn't be my choice as a friend.
This type of nursery care may well be the best choice for Word family:
your child. Verbs: clear
Learner example: Adjectives: clear, unclear
For me, the best choice is to come to the city. Adverbs: clearly
ADVERB
choose /tʃuːz/ (chose, chosen) CERTAIN
used to show that you think something is obvious or certain
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: choice The accident was clearly the lorry driver's fault.
Verbs: choose Clearly, he's very talented.
VERB [I or T] Learner example:
choose to do sth It was clearly not for me, because it came from a girl called
to decide to do something Carol who wanted to talk to some guy named John.
Dictionary example:
Manuela chose to take a job in Paris. clever /ˈklev.ər/

circle /ˈsɜː.kl̩/ ADJECTIVE

32
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

EFFECTIVE
effective and showing intelligence coach /kəʊtʃ/
Dictionary examples:
a clever idea Word family:
I've got a clever little gadget for opening jars. Nouns: coach, coaching
Learner example: Verbs: coach
My friend told me that he saw [a] really nice loft bed. I think NOUN [C]
it's [a] clever idea. PERSON
someone whose job is to teach people to improve at a
cliff /klɪf/ sport, skill, or school
subject
NOUN [C] Dictionary example:
a high area of rock with a very steep side, often on a coast a tennis/maths coach
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Keep well away from the edge of the cliff. the cliff edge Then the coach wanted to know some facts about me.
Learner example:
This hotel is [on] a cliff, and has good [views]. coast /kəʊst/

climate /ˈklaɪ.mɪt/ Word family:

Nouns: coast
NOUN Adjectives: coastal
WEATHER NOUN [C]
[C or U] the weather conditions that an area usually has NEAR SEA
Dictionary examples: the land next to or close to the sea
a hot/dry/cold/wet climate Dictionary examples:
The Mediterranean climate is good for growing citrus fruits Rimini is a thriving holiday resort on the east coast of Italy.
and grapes. The accident happened three miles off the coast.
Learner example: We spent a week by/on the coast.
The climate of Brazil is typically tropical so the weather is Learner example:
gorgeous. I think it's best to spend your time visiting our coast in the
North East of Brazil.
clinic /ˈklɪn.ɪk/
coconut /ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/
Word family:
Nouns: clinic NOUN [C or U]
Adjectives: clinical a very large nut with a hard, hairy shell, a white part that
NOUN [C] you eat, and liquid in the centre
a building, often part of a hospital, where people go for Dictionary example:
medical treatment or advice Thai food uses a lot of coconut.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Bring your baby to the clinic and we'll take a look at her. I forgot to tell you that they have a special dessert with
Antenatal clinics provide care for pregnant women. coconut and ice cream.
Learner example:
Ahmed [was] travelling to attend a fair of medical cod /kɒd/
equipment, to get what he [needed] for his clinic.
NOUN [C or U] (PLURAL cod)
close a large sea fish that can be eaten
Dictionary example:
Word family: I'll have cod and chips, please.
Nouns: closure Learner example:
Verbs: close I suggest 'batatas com bacalhau', which is cooked cod
Adjectives: closed served with boiled potatoes.
ADJECTIVE /kləʊs/
RELATIVE coin /kɔɪn/
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] A close relative is someone
who is directly related to you, for NOUN [C]
example, your mother, father or brother. a small, flat, usually round piece of metal used as money
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
There weren't many people at the funeral - just close a 10p/ten pence coin
family/relatives. a pound coin
Learner example: a ten-cent coin
Tomson has [a] close family, his son lives with them, [and] gold coins
his company makes a good profit. I asked for ten pounds in 20p coins.
ADV /kləʊs/ The machine doesn't take 50p coins.
near in distance Learner example:
Dictionary examples: It was an old coin that my granny gave me three years ago.
Come a bit closer.
He stayed close to his mother. cold /kəʊld/
There's a great beach close by.
Learner example: Word family:
Aunty told me that there is a Hindu temple close by. Nouns: cold, coldness
Adjectives: cold
ADJECTIVE
club /klʌb/ UNFRIENDLY
unfriendly or showing no emotion
NOUN [C + SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB] Dictionary examples:
TEAM She became quite cold and distant with me.
a team of sports players a cold stare/voice
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Stockport County Football Club Suddenly, I heard the same, cold voice behind me again.
The Orioles are an exciting club this year. NOUN
Learner example: the cold
The club is Juventus and as you know, [it] is my favo[u]rite cold weather or temperatures
football team. Dictionary example:
DANCE Don't stand out there in the cold - come in!
a place open late at night where people can dance Learner example:
Dictionary example: Because of the cold, some days I had to use gloves.
After the show, we went to a club.
Learner example: collar /ˈkɒl.ər/
As regards the food, you can ask for any kind of food and
after midnight it turns into a club where you can dance [to] NOUN [C]
any kind of music. PART OF CLOTHES

33
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

the part of a shirt, coat, etc. that is usually folded over and After all the problems I'd had, Oliver's birth was a dream
goes round your neck come true.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
a shirt collar I had been dreaming of going to London since I started
a fur collar learning English, and now that my dream had come true, I
Learner example: was overhelmed by joy and feeling very lucky.
It's a new, fashionable one with [a] high collar and short
sleeves. comedy /ˈkɒm.ə.di/

collect /kəˈlekt/ Word family:

Nouns: comedian, comedy
Word family: NOUN [C or U]
Nouns: collection, collector entertainment such as a film, play, etc. which is funny
Verbs: collect Dictionary examples:
VERB His latest film is described as a romantic comedy.
BRING TOGETHER I prefer Shakespeare's comedies to his tragedies.
[T] to get things from different places and bring them Learner example:
together Everybody agreed to see that comedy with Jim Carrey and I
Dictionary examples: know that you would like it
Police collected a good deal of information during the .
investigation. comfortable /ˈkʌmpf.tə.bl̩/
I collected up twenty bottles from various parts of the
house. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: comfort, discomfort
The majority of people collect their own rubbish separately Verbs: comfort
in their home, but they d[o] not separate the paper and the Adjectives: comfortable, uncomfortable, comforting
cardboard. Adverbs: comfortably, uncomfortably
ADJECTIVE
collection /kəˈlek.ʃən/ PERSON
relaxed and free from pain
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: collection, collector Are you comfortable perched on that seat?
Verbs: collect I don't feel comfortable in high heels.
NOUN Do sit down and make yourself comfortable.
OBJECTS Learner example:
[C] a group of objects of one type that have been collected But when she started the lesson, everybody was
by one person or in one place comfortable and relaxed.
Dictionary examples:
a private art collection comic /ˈkɒm.ɪk/
a valuable stamp collection
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
I'm going to buy the DVD named "Lord of the Rings" funny
because I like it very much and want to have it in my DVD Dictionary example:
collection. a comic actor/performance
GROUP Learner example:
[C] a group of things or people I think it's a bit long for a comic film (3 hours!!) but it's very
Dictionary example: [funny]: you must see it.
There's quite a collection of toothbrushes in the bathroom.
Learner example: comma /ˈkɒm.ə/
I [wear] long t-shirts and I have a collection of sweaters.
NOUN [C]
colourful /ˈkʌl.ə.fəl/ a mark (,) used to separate parts of a sentence, or to
separate the items in a list
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: colour Put a comma before his name.
Adjectives: colourful comment /ˈkɒm.ent/
ADJECTIVE NOUN [C]
BRIGHT THING SAID
having bright colours something that you say or write that expresses your opinion
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
a colourful painting I don't want any comments on/about my new haircut,
Learner example: thank you!
She wears colourful clothes. Tell us what you think - go to our web page and
post/leave/add a comment.
He made negative comments to the press.
comb /kəʊm/ Learner example:
Write me a comment
VERB [T] .
to tidy your hair using a comb common /ˈkɒm.ən/
Dictionary examples:
She combed her hair and put on some lipstick. Word family:
I've been trying to comb out the knots in her hair. Nouns: common
Learner example: Adjectives: common, uncommon
I want to buy [a] mirror for my room because I need to see Adverbs: commonly
myself while I'm combing my hair. ADJECTIVE
USUAL
come /kʌm/ happening often or existing in large numbers
Dictionary examples:
VERB [I] (came, come) It's quite common to see couples who dress alike.
come after/first/last, etc. The surname 'Smith' is very common in Britain.
to have or achieve a particular position in a race, Learner example:
competition, list, etc. The city is so noisy and it's possible that you [will] get lost,
Dictionary examples: it's very common.
She came second in the 100m race. SHARED
Z comes after Y in the alphabet. belonging to or shared by two or more people or things
Which king came after Edward? Dictionary examples:
April comes before May. a common goal/interest
come true English has some features common to many languages.
If a dream or hope comes true, it really happens. Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I invited her to dinner for all her trouble and we found out
I'd always dreamt of owning my own house, but I never that we have a lot of common interests.
thought it would come true. NOUN

34
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

have sth in common Word family:

to share, interests, experiences, or other characteristics Nouns: competition, competitor
with someone or Verbs: compete
something Adjectives: competitive
Dictionary example: VERB [I]
Sue and I don't have much in common. SPORT
Learner example: to take part in a race or competition
We both like to read fantasy books so we have a lot in Dictionary examples:
common. She's competing for a place in next year's Olympics.
Are you competing in the 100 metres?
common sense /ˌkɒm.ənˈsents/ Learner example:
There's gonna be a competition and I want to compete, but
NOUN [U] you know that my bicycle is a mess and very old.
the natural ability to be practical and to make good
decisions competitor /kəmˈpet.ɪ.tər/
Dictionary example:
The children shouldn't be in any danger as long as they use Word family:
their common sense. Nouns: competition, competitor
Learner example: Verbs: compete
In fact she is very nice, funny, [and] full of common sense. Adjectives: competitive
NOUN [C]
communicate /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/ a person, team or company that is competing against
others
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: communication How many competitors took part in the race?
Verbs: communicate Their prices are better than any of their competitors.
Adjectives: communicative Learner example:
VERB The last one I saw was called 'Spelling' and it was a kind of
SHARE INFORMATION quiz where the competitors had to
[I or T] to share information with others by speaking, spell difficult words fast and finish at a certain time.
writing, moving your body or
using other signals complain /kəmˈpleɪn/
Dictionary examples:
We can now communicate instantly with people on the Word family:
other side of the world. Nouns: complaint
Has the news been communicated to the staff yet? Verbs: complain
Unable to speak a word of the language, he communicated VERB [I]
with his hands. to say that something is wrong or that you are annoyed
Learner example: about something
Finally, I decided to join a new English class in order to Dictionary examples:
improve my English because [a] few weeks ago I met Lots of people have complained about the noise.
someone who is really interesting, so I would like to be able He's always complaining!
to communicate properly with him. He complained that she never listened to him.
If the service was so bad why didn't you complain to the
manager?
communication /kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ Learner example:
If we are bad, they complain to our manager or they tell the
Word family: head office.
Nouns: communication
Verbs: communicate complaint /kəmˈpleɪnt/
Adjectives: communicative
NOUN [U] Word family:
the act of communicating with people Nouns: complaint
Dictionary examples: Verbs: complain
Television is an increasingly important means of NOUN
communication. SOMETHING WRONG
We are in direct communication with Moscow. [C or U] when someone says that something is wrong or
With an hour's walk to the nearest telephone, not satisfactory
communication is difficult. Dictionary examples:
There's very little communication between mother and We've received a complaint from one of our listeners about
daughter. offensive language.
a course on communication skills I've made a complaint to the police about the noise.
Learner example: We've had complaints that you've been playing your radio
Communication [by] e-mail is very fast and very cheap. too loud.
Learner example:
I hope you give my complaint serious consideration and I
would be very pleased if you would print a correction in the
next issue of your magazine.
compare /kəmˈpeər/

Word family:
Nouns: comparative, comparison complete /kəmˈpliːt/
Verbs: compare
Adjectives: comparable, comparative Word family:
Adverbs: comparatively Nouns: completion
VERB Verbs: complete
EXAMINE DIFFERENCES Adjectives: complete
[I or T] to examine the ways in which two people or things Adverbs: completely
are different ADJECTIVE
Dictionary examples: TOTAL
If you compare house prices in the two areas, it's quite [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] very great or to the largest
amazing how different they are. degree possible
That seems expensive - have you compared prices in other Dictionary examples:
shops? It was a complete waste of time.
Compare some recent work with your older stuff and you'll He's a complete idiot!
see how much you've improved. I made a complete and utter mess of it!
Teachers always used to compare me with my sister. Learner example:
Learner example: It was a complete disaster!
Our lives are so different, it's interesting to compare. WHOLE
with all the parts
compete /kəmˈpiːt/ Dictionary examples:
the complete works of Oscar Wilde

35
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

The report comes complete with diagrams and colour Dear Jack and Ben: I['ve] been thinking about your last
photographs. letter for quite a long time and I came to the following
Sun, sand and romance - her holiday was complete. conclusion.
Learner example:
I can send you [a] complete map. condition /kənˈdɪʃ.ən/

completely /kəmˈpliːt.li/ Word family:

Nouns: condition
Word family: Verbs: condition
Nouns: completion Adjectives: unconditional
Verbs: complete NOUN
Adjectives: complete STATE
Adverbs: completely [U NO PLURAL] the particular state that something or
ADVERB someone is in
in every way or as much as possible Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: My bike's a few years old, but it's in really good condition.
I completely forgot I'd said I would call him. They left the flat in a terrible condition - there was mess
He'd completely changed and I didn't recognize him. everywhere.
I agree with you completely. He's in no condition to drive home.
She's completely mad. Learner example:
Learner example: It's very beautiful and in good condition.
In the middle of the journey there was one of [those] conditions
summer rain [showers] and we got the physical situation that someone or something is in and
completely wet. affected by
Dictionary examples:
complicated /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪ.tɪd/ The prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.
Severe weather conditions are making driving difficult.
Word family: What are their living/working conditions like?
Nouns: complication Under what conditions do plants grow best?
Verbs: complicate Learner example:
Adjectives: complicated Althoug[h] I had fun the weather conditions were horrible -
ADJECTIVE it was raining all the time and the road was too wet to ride
involving a lot of different parts, in a way that is difficult to on.
understand
Dictionary examples: conference /ˈkɒn.fər.ənts/
complicated instructions
I had to fill in this really complicated form. NOUN [C]
The rules are rather complicated to follow. a large, formal meeting, often lasting a few days, where
The relationship is a bit complicated. He's my mother's people discuss their work,
cousin's daughter's child. politics, subjects they are studying, etc.
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Life is getting easier but more complicated - I could have a conference on women's rights
written a letter in a bottle but waiting the annual sales conference
for the answer would take a decade, now it's just a click of They frequently hold conferences at the hotel.
a button. I'm speaking at/attending a conference next week.
Learner example:
composition /ˌkɒm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ As you know, I went to Canada in order to take part in an
environmental conference.
Word family:
Nouns: composer, composition confident /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt/
Verbs: compose
NOUN Word family:
WRITING Nouns: confidence, self-confidence
[C] a short piece of writing about a particular subject, done Adjectives: confident, self-confident
by a student Adverbs: confidently
Dictionary example: ADJECTIVE
a 500-word composition ABILITY
Learner example: certain about your ability to do things well
I have [to] do a composition in English to cover the work I Dictionary examples:
missed. Be a bit more confident in yourself!
It was a confident performance.
concentrate /ˈkɒnt.sən.treɪt/ He feels confident of winning.
Learner example:
Word family: But I soon felt more confident, as I saw what activities they
Nouns: concentration were doing: some people were playing tennis, others were
Verbs: concentrate sunbathing in the garden.
VERB [I]
THINK CAREFULLY
to think very carefully about something you are doing and confirm /kənˈfɜːm/
nothing else
Dictionary examples: Word family:
Come on, concentrate! We haven't got all day to do this. Nouns: confirmation
I can't concentrate on my work with all that noise. Verbs: confirm
I'm going to concentrate on my writing for a while. VERB
Learner example: MAKE ARRANGEMENT CERTAIN
I can't concentrate on studying. [I or T] to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often
by telephone or in writing
conclusion /kənˈkluː.ʒən/ Dictionary examples:
Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and
Word family: ten haven't replied yet.
Nouns: conclusion Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.
Verbs: conclude I've accepted the job over the phone, but I haven't
Adjectives: conclusive confirmed in writing yet.
Adverbs: conclusively Learner example:
NOUN I just want to confirm that we're going to the ABC cinema
JUDGMENT tonight.
[C] the opinion you have after considering all the
information about something confused /kənˈfjuːzd/
Dictionary example:
At first I thought he was a bit rude but I've come Word family:
to/reached the conclusion that he's just shy. Nouns: confusion
Learner example: Verbs: confuse

36
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Adjectives: confused, confusing consonant /ˈkɒn.sə.nənt/

ADJECTIVE
NOT UNDERSTAND NOUN [C]
unable to think clearly or to understand something one of the speech sounds or letters of the alphabet which is
Dictionary examples: not a vowel
People keep telling me different things and I'm getting very contact /ˈkɒn.tækt/
confused. NOUN
Sorry, I'm a bit confused - are we meeting here or in town? COMMUNICATION
She seemed a bit confused about the arrangements. [U] communication with someone, especially by speaking
Learner example: or writing to them regularly
At first I felt very confused. Dictionary examples:
Do you still keep in contact with Peter?
confusing /kənˈfjuː.zɪŋ/ I'm still in contact with Sarah - we write a couple of times a
year.
Word family: There isn't enough contact between teachers and parents.
Nouns: confusion I'd hate to lose contact with my old school friends.
Verbs: confuse If you manage to make contact with her, do let me know.
Adjectives: confused, confusing The school likes to have a contact number for parents
ADJECTIVE during school hours.
difficult to understand Learner example:
Dictionary example: Well, we'll [be] in contact in one week['s time].
I found the instructions very confusing.
Learner example: contain /kənˈteɪn/
As a secret agent I was prepared [for] this sort of thing but
it was surprising and confusing. Word family:
Nouns: container
connect /kəˈnekt/ Verbs: contain
VERB [T]
Word family: INSIDE
Nouns: connection If one thing contains another, it has it inside it.
Verbs: connect Dictionary examples:
VERB a box containing a diamond ring
JOIN How much liquid do you think this bottle contains?
[I or T] to join or be joined with something else I've lost a file containing a lot of important documents.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Can I connect my printer to your computer? So he asks the man if that suitcase is his, [and] the man
Where does the cooker connect to the electricity? runs to get it but the security guards don't let him until he
Has the water/electricity/gas/telephone been connected in shouts: "It contains my daughter's wedding dress!"
your new place yet?
Learner example: contents /ˈkɒn.tents/
I want to buy [a] computer to play games and connect to
[the] Internet as well as listen to music in my free time. NOUN [PLURAL]
THINGS INSIDE
connection /kəˈnek.ʃən/ everything that is contained within something
Dictionary examples:
Word family: The contents of his bag spilled all over the floor.
Nouns: connection He hardly needed to open the letter because he already
Verbs: connect knew the contents.
NOUN Learner example:
JOINING THINGS He looked for the owner and gave him the suitcase. He also
[C or U] something that joins things together asked about its contents.
Dictionary example: INFORMATION
Many companies now offer free connection to the Internet. the information or ideas that are written in a book, letter,
Learner example: document, etc.
Moreover, some portable phones have a connection to the 166Dictionary example:
web, so it is easy to read newspapers if the contents of his will
one hasn't enough money to buy [them]. Learner example:
In the first lesson the teacher explaine[d] the rules and
consider /kənˈsɪd.ər/ [the] contents of the course, and finally we d[id] a group
activity.
Word family:
Nouns: consideration contest /ˈkɒn.test/
Verbs: consider, reconsider
Adjectives: considerate, inconsiderate Word family:
VERB Nouns: contest, contestant
THINK CAREFULLY NOUN [C]
[I or T] to think carefully about something, often before you a competition to do better than other people, usually in
decide what to do which prizes are given
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the a dance/sports contest
job? She's won a lot of beauty contests.
We're considering selling the house. Learner example:
She's being considered for the job. Next week there will be a "Freestyle Battle", a rap contest,
I'd like some time to consider before I make a decision. where [a] rapper can mess with others.
Learner example:
I must say thanks to you for your birthday money for me to
buy a DVD. After considering [what to continent /ˈkɒn.tɪ.nənt/
buy], I decided to buy 'The Legend of Narnias'.
Word family:
consist /kənˈsɪst/ Nouns: continent
Adjectives: continental
VERB NOUN [C]
consist of sth PHRASAL VERB one of the seven main areas of land on the Earth, such as
to be made of or formed from something Africa, Asia, Europe or South America
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
The team consists of four Europeans and two Americans. the North American continent
It's a simple dish to prepare, consisting mainly of rice and Asia and Africa are the two biggest continents.
vegetables. Learner example:
Learner example: Brazil is a large country, almost as big as a continent.
Our team consists of 15 girls, who are all between 16 and
18. continue /kənˈtɪn.juː/

37
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Word family:
Nouns: continuity convince /kənˈvɪnts/
Verbs: continue
Adjectives: continuous, continual Word family:
Adverbs: continuously, continually Verbs: convince
VERB [I or T] Adjectives: convinced, convincing
NEVER STOP VERB [T]
to keep happening, existing or doing something to persuade someone or make them certain
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
It continued to snow heavily for two days. She tried to convince me that I needed a new car.
If the rain continues, we'll have to cancel tonight's plans. I hope this will convince you to change your mind.
The article continues on page ten. He managed to convince the jury of his innocence.
I'll continue working until the end of June. Learner example:
Shall I continue with this task? She was the one who convinced me to go, and I am glad
Sally Palmer will be continuing as chairperson this autumn. she did.
Learner example:
I t[h]ought that he wasn't calling me, so I continued walking cool /kuːl/
to the car.
BEGIN AGAIN Word family:
to start doing or saying something again, after stopping for Nouns: cool, coolness
a short period Verbs: cool
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: cool
We'll have to continue this discussion tomorrow. ADJECTIVE
It's getting late - why don't we continue tomorrow? SLIGHTLY COLD
After stopping for a quick snack, they continued on their slightly cold, but not too cold
way. Dictionary examples:
He paused for a moment to listen and then continued cool water
eating. a nice cool breeze
Learner example: Learner example:
We continued our journey early in the morning. Sometimes a cool wind blows [in Bodrum].

contract /ˈkɒn.trækt/ copy /ˈkɒp.i/

NOUN [C] NOUN [C]

a legal agreement between two people, two organizations MADE THE SAME
or a person and an organization something that has been made to be exactly like something
Dictionary examples: else
a contract of employment Dictionary examples:
a temporary/permanent contract This painting is only a copy - the original hangs in the
My solicitor is drawing up a contract. Louvre.
Don't sign/enter into any contract before examining its I always keep a copy of any official or important letters
conditions carefully. that I send off.
Learner example: Could you make a copy of this for tomorrow's meeting,
He went to the 1994 World Cup in the USA and Brazil's please?
victory helped him to sign a contract to play in Holland. Learner example:
For covering the work I missed, I will ask May on Thursday if
control /kənˈtrəʊl/ I can borrow her exercise book and make a copy.

VERB [T] (-ll-) corn /kɔːn/

HAVE POWER OVER
to make someone or something do what you want NOUN [U]
Dictionary examples: a crop of grain, or the seed from this crop used to make
If you can't control your dog, put it on a lead! flour or feed animals
This switch controls the temperature. Dictionary example:
Learner example: fields of corn
The movie was about a ring which [was] found in the river Learner example:
and used to control the world. [My sister] is a farmer and we have to plant yams, corn,
STAY CALM beans and other crops.
to stop yourself expressing strong emotions or behaving in
a silly way correct /kəˈrekt/
Dictionary example:
You're going to have to learn to control your temper. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: correction
I tried to control myself and started to speak politely and in Adjectives: correct, incorrect
a friendly way. Adverbs: correctly
ADJECTIVE
convenient /kənˈviː.ni.ənt/ SUITABLE
suitable for a particular situation
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: convenience correct behaviour
Adjectives: convenient, inconvenient Learner example:
Adverbs: conveniently I think that is the correct option because I really like this
ADJECTIVE [kind of] film!
EASY/SUITABLE
easy to use or suiting your plans well correction /kəˈrek.ʃən/
Dictionary examples:
We could meet at either place - whichever is more Word family:
convenient for you. Nouns: correction
A bike's a very convenient way of getting around. Adjectives: correct, incorrect
I find it more convenient to be able to do my banking by Adverbs: correctly
phone. NOUN [C or U]
What would be a convenient time for me to come round? a change made to something in order to correct or improve
Learner example: it, or when you make such a change
If it would be possible for you, I can attend another class at Dictionary examples:
any time which is convenient for you. I made some corrections before handing in my essay.
NEAR She was disappointed to see her essay returned with a
near or easy to get to mass of corrections in red ink.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
My new house is more convenient for the station. My new teacher is friendlier and he is more careful [with
Learner example: his] correction [of] the work and exams we do.
It is near the train station [so] it is very convenient to get
there.

38
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

correctly /kəˈrekt.li/ Could I speak to Mr Davis, please?

Excuse me, could I just say something here?
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: correction Could I bring you the missing work [to the] next class?
Adjectives: correct, incorrect
Adverbs: correctly count /kaʊnt/
ADVERB
in a correct way Word family:
Dictionary example: Verbs: count
Have I pronounced your name correctly? Adjectives: countless
Learner example: VERB
I don't speak English correctly. SEE HOW MANY
[T] to see how many people or things there are
cosy /ˈkəʊ.zi/ Dictionary examples:
The teachers counted the students as they got on to the
ADJECTIVE coach.
comfortable and warm Count your money carefully to make sure it's all there.
Dictionary examples: We're still waiting for the votes to be counted (up).
This room is nice and cosy in the winter. Learner example:
He showed me into a cosy little room. I counted them and there were 5 suitcases.
Learner example: SAY NUMBERS
I have a very tiny but cosy bedroom. [I] to say numbers in their correct order
Dictionary example:
cottage /ˈkɒt.ɪdʒ/ Can you count to ten in French?
Learner example:
NOUN [C] What he told me is "If you have any wishes, count 1 to 100
a small house, usually in the countryside every Sunday for one month".
Dictionary example:
They live in a country cottage, with roses round the door. count noun /ˈkaʊntˌnaʊn/ (ALSO countable noun)
Learner example:
I live in a typical Norwegian cottage with a huge fireplace, NOUN [C]
and everything is natural and simple. a noun that can be used in the singular and the plural
Dictionary example:
cotton /ˈkɒt.ən/ Count nouns are shown here with [C].

NOUN [U] couple /ˈkʌp.l̩/

cloth or thread made from the fibres of the cotton plant
Dictionary examples: NOUN
a shirt made of pure cotton SOME
a simple cotton dress [NO PLURAL] two or a few
a reel of cotton Dictionary examples:
Learner example: He'll be better in a couple of days.
Normally, I would prefer my blouses to be made of cotton or I'm going away with a couple of friends.
silk as these materials make me We'll have to wait another couple of hours for the paint to
[feel] comfortable. dry.
She'll be retiring in a couple more years.
cough /kɒf/ The weather's been terrible for the last couple of days.
Many economists expect unemployment to fall over the
VERB [I] next couple of months.
to force air out of your lungs through your throat with a I've been so busy over the past couple of weeks.
short loud sound Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I went there a couple of times and I would love to go once
The smoke made me cough. more.
I coughed all night long. TWO PEOPLE
Learner example: [C + SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB] two people who are
I kept coughing, my nose kept running! married or in a romantic or sexual relationship, or two
NOUN [C] people who are together for a particular purpose
when you cough or an illness that makes you cough Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: a married couple
a dry cough A young couple walked into the bar.
Emily has a nasty cough. The couple skated well throughout the competition.
Learner example: Learner example:
Because of swimming so much I got a terrible cough and so The couple can say what they want to eat on their
I had to be sent back to school so that I could be treated [wedding] day.
properly.
courgette /kɔːˈʒet/
could /kʊd/
NOUN [C or U]
MODAL VERB a long green vegetable that is white inside
SUGGESTION Dictionary example:
used for making a suggestion We had fried courgettes and onions.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
We could go for a drink after work tomorrow, if you like. I really like hot and spicy chicken with courgette.
You could always call Susie and see if she might babysit.
Learner example: course /kɔːs/
I could take you to a nice hotel.
POSSIBLY HAPPEN NOUN
used to talk about what will possibly happen or is possibly of course
true used to show that what you are saying is obvious or already
Dictionary examples: known
She could arrive any time now. Dictionary example:
A lot of crime could be prevented. Of course, the Olympics are not just about money.
This new drug could be an important step in the fight Learner example:
against cancer. Of course, I met many new people.
Learner example: SPORTS AREA
This could be a big advantage but on the other [hand], [C] an area of land or water used for a sports event
books contain more details and sometimes some parts of Dictionary example:
the book are cut out [in] the film. a golf course
ASK PERMISSION Learner example:
used as a more polite form of 'can' when asking for It is a very nice club, it has 20 tennis courts, 2 soccer fields
permission and an 18-hole golf course.
Dictionary examples:

39
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

court /kɔːt/ cream /kriːm/

NOUN NOUN
SPORT FOR SKIN
[C] an area drawn out on the ground which is used for [C or U] a soft substance that you rub into your skin
playing sports such as Dictionary examples:
tennis and basketball face/hand cream
Dictionary examples: moisturizing cream
a tennis/basketball/squash court Put some sun cream on to protect your face.
They were penalized for having too many players on the Learner example:
court. I think that we'll get a good suntan and I didn't forget the
Learner example: sun-cream.
I stayed in a hotel with [a] swimming pool, tennis court and
private beach.
create /kriˈeɪt/
cover /ˈkʌv.ər/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: creation, creativity
Nouns: cover, coverage Verbs: create
Verbs: cover, uncover Adjectives: creative
VERB [T] Adverbs: creatively
LAYER VERB [T]
to form a layer on the surface of something to make something happen or exist
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Snow covered the hillsides. The project will create more than 500 jobs.
Cover the pasta with a layer of sauce. Charles Schulz created the characters 'Snoopy' and 'Charlie
The bandages were covered with/in blood. Brown'.
Learner example: He created a wonderful meal from very few ingredients.
The hills are covered by the snow. It's important to create a good impression when you meet a
DEAL WITH new client.
to deal with or include a subject or piece of information Learner example:
Dictionary examples: We had to create a new website for the club, and
This leaflet covers what we've just discussed in more detail. everybody seemed to have great fun.
The book covers European history from 1789-1914.
Learner example: creative /kriˈeɪ.tɪv/
Dear Teacher, I'm sorry but I won't be able to go to the
English class tomorrow. But I can go another day to cover Word family:
the work I've missed. Nouns: creation, creativity
NOUN Verbs: create
BOOK Adjectives: creative
[C] the outer part of a book, magazine, etc., that protects Adverbs: creatively
the pages ADJECTIVE
Dictionary example: producing or using original and unusual ideas
Her picture is on the cover of several magazines. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: She's very creative.
I received it for Christmas [in] 1991, and I immediately creative talents/powers/abilities
decided to write [my name and my address creative thinking
on] the cover. Her book is full of creative ways to decorate the home.
PROTECTION Learner example:
[C] something you put over something else, usually to I love to be creative.
protect it
Dictionary examples: creature /ˈkriː.tʃər/
I keep my computer printer under a protective plastic
cover. NOUN [C]
an ironing board cover anything that lives but is not a plant
Dictionary examples:
crash /kræʃ/ Rain forests are filled with amazing creatures.
Don't all living creatures have certain rights?
VERB Blue whales are the largest living creatures.
VEHICLE Learner example:
[I or T] to have an accident in a vehicle There are some sea creatures (some are poisonous) that
Dictionary examples: you have to avoid.
He skidded on the ice and crashed into another car.
The plane crashed into a field. credit /ˈkred.ɪt/
Her brother borrowed her motorbike and crashed it.
Learner example: NOUN
I crashed my car and here in my city the bus is terrib[le]. MONEY
NOUN [C] [C or U] money in your bank account or on your mobile
VEHICLE phone
an accident in which a vehicle hits something Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: I was relieved to see from my statement that my account
a car/plane crash was in credit.
They had a crash on the way to work. Learner example:
She died in a car crash. I will talk to you on the phone [in a] week['s] time as I [don't
Learner example: have] enough credit.
Hi, as you know I had a car crash and my car is damaged. PAYMENT
[U] a method of paying for goods or services at a later
crazy /ˈkreɪ.zi/ time, usually paying interest as well as the original money
Dictionary examples:
Word family: They decided to buy the car on credit.
Nouns: craziness The shop was offering six months' interest-free credit on
Adjectives: crazy electrical goods.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
go crazy My father spent lots of money without [having the] cash.
to become very excited about something Unfortunately a credit loan company helped him.
Dictionary example:
When he came on stage the audience went crazy.
Learner example: crew /kruː/
So when our teachers told us yesterday that a TV company
would come and film this project and NOUN [C + SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB]
do interviews with us, everybody went crazy. SHIP/AIRCRAFT
the people who work together on a ship, aircraft or train

40
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples:
cabin crew Word family:
a crew member Nouns: cruelty
Learner example: Adjectives: cruel
When I was going back I saw the crew from my plane. Adverbs: cruelly
ADJECTIVE
crime /kraɪm/ extremely unkind and unpleasant and causing pain to
people or animals
Word family: intentionally
Nouns: crime, criminal Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: criminal Don't tease him about his weight - it's cruel.
NOUN Children can be very cruel to each other.
ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES Learner example:
[U] illegal activities The terrorists [in the film] are very cruel and also have an
Dictionary examples: atomic weapon.
crime prevention
serious/violent crime cruise /kruːz/
We need tough new measures to fight crime.
a life of crime NOUN [C]
Learner example: a holiday on a large ship, sailing from place to place
The problem is the pollution and the crime. Dictionary example:
ILLEGAL ACT My parents are going on a cruise this summer.
[C] an illegal act Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Luca gave it to me last year, during our romantic cruise.
He has admitted committing several crimes, including two
murders.
The defendant is accused of/charged with a range of cry /kraɪ/
crimes, from theft to murder.
A knife was found at the scene of the crime. VERB
Bombing civilians is a crime against humanity. SHOUT
Learner example: [I or T] to say something loudly
It's about the police [in] Los Angeles, I think, trying to Dictionary example:
discover how the criminals d[id] the crimes. "Look out!" she cried.
Learner example:
criminal /ˈkrɪm.ɪ.nəl/ I cried out his name.
NOUN [C]
Word family: a shout, especially one that shows someone is frightened,
Nouns: crime, criminal hurt, etc.
Adjectives: criminal Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] a cry of pain
someone who commits a crime I could hear the cries of children playing in the street.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
a dangerous/violent criminal As the concert finished, I heard someone call my name. The
Learner example: cry came from the VIP-entrance.
At least he didn't attack me, and he even lent me his cell
phone, he was such a gentle criminal. cucumber /ˈkjuː.kʌm.bər/

crop /krɒp/ NOUN [C or U]

a long, green vegetable that you eat raw in salads
NOUN [C] Dictionary example:
a plant such as a grain, fruit or vegetable that is grown in sliced cucumber
large amounts, or the Learner example:
amount of plants of a particular type that are produced at We ask[ed] for three burgers with cucumbers.
one time
Dictionary examples: cultural /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/
The main crops grown for export are coffee and rice.
We had a bumper potato crop this year. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: culture
You can do lots of things that you can't do in the city, such Adjectives: cultural
as plant crops. Adverbs: culturally
ADJECTIVE
cross /krɒs/ WAY OF LIFE
relating to the habits, traditions and beliefs of a society
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: crossing cultural diversity/differences/identity
Verbs: cross cultural heritage
NOUN [C] Learner example:
RELIGION If you are interested in visiting historic building[s], Palermo
two pieces of wood that cross each other, on which people is wonderful concerning [its] cultural and artistic heritage.
were left to die in the ARTS
past as a punishment, or an object in this shape, used as a relating to music, art, theatre, literature, etc.
symbol of the Christian religion Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: cultural activities/events
She wears a gold cross round her neck. a cultural centre
Learner example: Learner example:
That's the reason why this little cross is so importan[t] to There are lots of cultural attractions, [and] nightly discos.
me.
culture /ˈkʌl.tʃər/
crossing /ˈkrɒs.ɪŋ/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: culture
Nouns: crossing Adjectives: cultural
Verbs: cross Adverbs: culturally
NOUN [C] NOUN
WHERE PEOPLE CROSS SOCIETY
a place where people can go across a road, river, etc. [C or U] the way of life, especially the habits, traditions and
Dictionary example: beliefs, of a particular
a pedestrian crossing group of people at a particular time
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
The taxi driver shouted at every pedestrian crossing. youth culture
She's studying modern Japanese language and culture.
cruel /ˈkruː.əl/ (crueller, cruellest or crueler, cruelest) Learner example:

41
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

I will tell you about Korean culture when you come here. Learner example:
ARTS I['ll] go to b[u]y a nice wardrobe, a[n] armchair and a lot of
[U] music, art, theatre, literature, etc. cushions.
Dictionary examples:
popular culture custom /ˈkʌs.təm/
If you're looking for culture, this may not be the place for
you. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: custom
I would suggest you to come to visit me here in Genoa, Adjectives: customary
because this is a very unusual city and this year, it is also NOUN [C or U]
the capital of culture. a way of behaving or a belief which has been established
for a long time
cup /kʌp/ Dictionary examples:
local/ancient customs
NOUN [C] In my country, it's the custom to get married in white.
SPORT Learner example:
a specially designed cup, usually with two handles and It is a custom that [the] bride wears [a] white wedding
often made of silver, which dress and she [carries a] bouq[u]et of flowers in her hands.
is given as a prize in a sports competition, or a game or
match in which the winner customs /ˈkʌs.təmz/
receives such a cup
Dictionary examples: NOUN [U]
Anna won this cup in the school squash championship. the place where your bags are examined when you are
The Davis Cup is an important championship. going into a country, to
Learner example: make sure you are not carrying anything illegal
This weekend we worked hard to win the ten[n]is cup. Dictionary examples:
customs officials
curious /ˈkjʊə.ri.əs/ to go through customs
Learner example:
Word family: I work as [a] customs officer and I meet a lot of foreign
Nouns: curiosity people every day.
Adjectives: curious
Adverbs: curiously cut /kʌt/
ADJECTIVE
wanting to know or learn about something VERB (cutting, cut, cut)
Dictionary examples: INJURE
I was curious to know what would happen next. [T] to injure yourself on a sharp object which makes you
Babies are curious about everything around them. bleed
"Why did you ask?" "I was just curious." Dictionary examples:
Learner example: She cut her finger on some broken glass.
I was curious about it, so I picked it up. Careful or you'll cut yourself with that knife.
Learner example:
curiously /ˈkjʊə.ri.əs.li/ The robot had cut its hand.
NOUN [C]
Word family: INJURY
Nouns: curiosity an injury made when the skin is cut with something sharp
Adjectives: curious Dictionary example:
Adverbs: curiously He suffered cuts and bruises in the accident.
ADVERB Learner example:
WANTING TO KNOW I have got a broken knee, but apart from that and a few
showing that you want to know or learn more cuts and bruises, I'm all right.
Dictionary example:
She looked at him curiously. CV /ˌsiːˈviː/
Learner example:
Everyone around looked at me curiously. NOUN [C]
curly /ˈkɜː.li/ a document which describes your education, qualifications
ADJECTIVE and the jobs you have
shaped like a curl, or with many curls done, which you send to an employer that you want to work
Dictionary example: for
curly hair Dictionary example:
Learner example: Send me your CV.
He has got long fair curly hair and big blue eyes. Learner example:
Th[ese] students are the same as me, they want [to] pass
currency /ˈkʌr.ənt.si/ their exams next year and put the degree on their CV.

NOUN [C or U] cycle /ˈsaɪ.kl̩/

the money that is used in a particular country at a
particular time Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: cycle, cycling, cyclist
foreign currency Verbs: cycle
Learner example: VERB [I]
Take local currency in case you want to buy something. to ride a bicycle
curriculum /kəˈrɪk.jʊ.ləm/ (PLURAL curricula or Dictionary example:
curriculums) I usually cycle to work.
Learner example:
NOUN [C] We cycled around Hungary.
the group of subjects studied in a school, college, etc.
Dictionary example: cyclist /ˈsaɪ.klɪst/
the school curriculum
Learner example: Word family:
Introducing [in] schools the system of learning only the Nouns: cycle, cycling, cyclist
things one enjoys would make the curriculum impossible to Verbs: cycle
create. NOUN [C]
someone who rides a bike
cushion /ˈkʊʃ.ən/ Dictionary example:
He drove into a cyclist.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
CLOTH BAG [There] was me, my friend and a group of ten people
a cloth bag filled with something soft which you sit on or guided by a professional cyclist.
lean against to make you comfortable
Dictionary example: daily /ˈdeɪ.li/
She sank back against/into the cushions.

42
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Word family: dangerously /ˈdeɪn.dʒər.ə.sli/

Nouns: day, midday
Adjectives: daily Word family:
Adverbs: daily Nouns: danger
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] Adjectives: dangerous, endangered
daily life Adverbs: dangerously
the usual things that happen to you every day ADVERB
Dictionary example: in a way that is dangerous
I try to keep exercise a part of my daily life. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: She drives dangerously.
Mr. Bean often does funny things in his daily life. He likes to live dangerously.
Learner example:
damage /ˈdæm.ɪdʒ/ [A driver] could lose his or her life by driving dangerously.

Word family: dark /dɑːk/

Nouns: damage
Verbs: damage Word family:
Adjectives: damaged Nouns: dark, darkness
NOUN [U] Adjectives: dark
harm or injury NOUN
Dictionary examples: the dark
Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof. when there is no light somewhere
storm/flood/fire/bomb damage Dictionary examples:
He suffered brain damage in the car crash. Cats can see in the dark.
Learner example: I've always been afraid of the dark.
I read in the paper last week that overworking may cause Learner example:
serious damage to your health. As I was walking alone in the dark, I got really scared.
VERB [T] before/after dark
to harm, break or spoil something before/after the sun has gone down
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Many buildings were badly damaged during the war. It isn't safe to leave the house after dark.
Smoking can seriously damage your health. I want to be home before dark.
Learner example: Learner example:
They may be using chemicals that could damage the ozone Yesterday, soon after dark, I was [in] the kitchen and I was
layer. making my din[n]er.

damaged /ˈdæm.ɪdʒd/
date /deɪt/
Word family:
Nouns: damage Word family:
Verbs: damage Nouns: date
Adjectives: damaged Verbs: date
ADJECTIVE Adjectives: dated
harmed or spoilt NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: ARRANGED TIME
They're selling off damaged goods at reduced prices. a time when something has been arranged to happen
Both the cars involved in the accident looked badly Dictionary examples:
damaged. Let's make a date to have lunch.
Learner example: I'd like to fix a date for our next meeting.
Unfortunately, my father died [from] a fractured skull and a We've agreed to meet again at a later date.
damaged brain. Learner example:
We made a date for [our] next meeting in the "Mamboo".
damn /dæm/ (ALSO damn it) GOING OUT
a romantic meeting when two people go out somewhere,
EXCLAMATION INFORMAL such as to a restaurant or to see a film
! used to express anger or disappointment Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: He's asked her out on a date.
Damn! I've forgotten the tickets. She has a hot date tonight.
Learner example: Learner example:
It was just a joke, damn it. I'm going on a date with Priseila and my bicycle is broken.
out of date
dance /dɑːnts/ old and no longer useful, correct or fashionable
Dictionary example:
Word family: These unemployment figures are out of date.
Nouns: dance, dancer, dancing Learner example:
Verbs: dance The library has got very poor staff and most of it is out of
NOUN date.
STEPS up to date
[C] a particular series of movements which you perform to modern, recent or containing the latest information
music or the type of Dictionary example:
music which is connected with it Great care is taken to keep our database up to date.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
The band played a slow dance. Furthermore, the website is not always up to date.
Learner example: VERB
There will be music and traditional dances from the WRITE DATE ON
countries involved in the meeting. [T] to write or print the day's date on something
Dictionary example:
danger /ˈdeɪn.dʒər/ Thank you for your letter dated August 30th.
Learner example:
Word family: Dear Sir, I refer to the advertisement published in the 'Daily
Nouns: danger Post' dated 5th December.
Adjectives: dangerous, endangered
Adverbs: dangerously day /deɪ/
NOUN
THREAT Word family:
[C] something or someone that may harm you Nouns: day, midday
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: daily
Icy roads are a danger to drivers. Adverbs: daily
The judge described him as a danger to society. NOUN
Learner example: the other day
In fact cars may be a danger to human life in many ways. a few days ago
Dictionary example:

43
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Didn't I see you in the post office the other day? Nouns: decoration
Learner example: Verbs: decorate
For example, the other day I stayed in my house all day Adjectives: decorative
watching television in bed. VERB
one day/some day/one of these days MAKE ATTRACTIVE
at some time in the future [T] to add attractive things to an object or place, often for a
Dictionary example: special day or period
One of these days I'll tell her what really happened. Dictionary example:
Learner example: They decorated the wedding car with ribbons and flowers.
I hope one day you will come with me. Learner example:
for days The church always is decorated with beautiful flowers and
for a long time other things.
Dictionary example: PAINT ROOM
They haven't been seen for days. [I or T] to put paint or paper on the walls or other surfaces
Learner example: of a room
I had to wait for days while the car was being repaired. Dictionary examples:
We're going to decorate the kitchen next week.
deaf /def/ I hate the smell of paint when I'm decorating.
Learner example:
ADJECTIVE It is all decorated in blue.
unable to hear, either completely or partly
Dictionary example: decrease /dɪˈkri:s/
He's been totally/partially deaf since birth.
Learner example: VERB [I or T]
She should take care of her family, especially her deaf to become less, or to make something become less
three-year-old daughter. Dictionary example:
During the summer months, rainfall decreases.
deal /dɪəl/ Learner example:
The aim to satisfy different interests should not [allow] the
Word family: quality [to] decrease.
Nouns: deal, dealer NOUN [C or U] /ˈdi:.kri:s/
VERB (dealt, dealt) a reduction
deal with sth PHRASAL VERB Dictionary example:
to take action in order to achieve something or in order to There has been a steady decrease in the number of
solve a problem visitors.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
How do you intend to deal with this problem? Their yellow and black stripe has a mysterious beauty
General enquiries are dealt with by our head office. (which is the main reason for the huge decrease [in the]
Learner example: tiger population).
Sorry about such [a] late reply, but I've had some problems
to deal with. deep /diːp/

death /deθ/ Word family:

Nouns: depth
Word family: Verbs: deepen
Nouns: death Adjectives: deep
Adjectives: dead, deadly Adverbs: deeply
Adverbs: dead, deadly ADJECTIVE
NOUN [C or U] COLOUR
END OF LIFE A deep colour is strong and dark.
the end of life Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: deep purple
The disease causes thousands of deaths a year. Learner example:
Do you believe in life after death? He is tall and has got black hair and beautiful deep brown
He never got over the death of his daughter. death threats eyes.
Learner example: ADVERB
After his father's death, he didn't want to study. LONG WAY INTO
a long way into something from the top or outside
decision /dɪˈsɪʒ.ən/ Dictionary examples:
They travelled deep into the forest.
Word family: He thrust his hands deep in(to) his pockets.
Nouns: decision Learner example:
Verbs: decide I just fall deep into the story, into the writer's own world.
Adjectives: decisive
Adverbs: decisively defeat /dɪˈfiːt/
NOUN [C]
a choice that you make about something after thinking VERB [T]
about several possibilities WIN
Dictionary examples: to win a victory over someone in a fight, war or competition
She has had to make some very difficult decisions. Dictionary examples:
The company will reach/come to/make a decision shortly. Napoleon was defeated by the Duke of Wellington at the
Let me have a/your decision by next week. battle of Waterloo. If we can defeat the Italian team, we'll
It was his decision to leave. be through to the final.
We need to take a lot of factors into account in our Learner example:
decision-making. I still remember when Marcelo became [number] 1 in 1998
Learner example: after he defeated Andre Agassi in the final of the "fifth
Tell me your decision soon. Grand Slam".
declare /dɪˈkleər/ NOUN
Word family: LOSING
Nouns: declaration [C] when someone loses against someone else in a fight,
Verbs: declare war or competition
VERB [T] Dictionary examples:
STATE VALUE/AMOUNT After their defeat in battle, the soldiers surrendered.
to officially tell someone the value of goods you have Norwich City have suffered their worst defeat of the
bought, or the amount of money you have earned, because season.
you might have to pay tax Learner example:
Dictionary example: The whole team will face serious problems, which may lead
Have you got anything to declare? to big defeats.

decorate /ˈdek.ə.reɪt/ defence /dɪˈfents/

Word family: Word family:

44
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Nouns: defence, defender VERB [T]

Verbs: defend to remove something, especially from a computer's
Adjectives: defensive memory
NOUN Dictionary example:
SPORT All names have been deleted from the report.
[C or U] the part of a sports team which tries to prevent the Learner example:
other team from scoring I didn't take notice of [the email] and deleted it again.
points
Dictionary example: delicious /dɪˈlɪʃ.əs/
I play best in defence.
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
I did basketball exercises for defence. having a very pleasant taste or smell
Dictionary examples:
defend /dɪˈfend/ a delicious cake
The delicious smell of freshly-made coffee came from the
Word family: kitchen.
Nouns: defence, defender This wine is delicious.
Verbs: defend Learner example:
Adjectives: defensive I love it because they make delicious hamburgers.
VERB
PROTECT delighted /dɪˈlaɪ.tɪd/
[T] to protect someone or something from being attacked,
especially by fighting Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: delight
How can we defend our homeland if we don't have an Adjectives: delighted, delightful
army? ADJECTIVE
I'm going to karate lessons to learn how to defend myself. very pleased
White blood cells help defend the body against infection. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: We're delighted with our new house.
In the fourth one, you learn to defend yourself by doing I was delighted at/by your news.
Karate and in the last section, you could learn fencing. I'm absolutely delighted that you can come.
We'd be delighted to come to dinner on Friday.
Learner example:
definite article /ˌdef.ɪ.nətˈɑː.tɪ.kl̩/ I've just seen your letter and I'm really delighted to have
won the first prize in your competition.
NOUN [C] SPECIALIZED
the grammatical name for the word 'the' in English, or the deliver /dɪˈlɪv.ər/
words in other
languages which have a similar use Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: delivery
'The City', referring to the financial area of London, takes a Verbs: deliver
definite article. VERB
TAKE
definitely /ˈdef.ɪ.nət.li/ [I or T] to take things such as goods, letters and parcels to
people's houses or places
Word family: of work
Nouns: definition Dictionary examples:
Verbs: define Mail is delivered to our office twice a day.
Adjectives: definite, definitive The shop is delivering our new bed on Thursday.
Adverbs: definitely, indefinitely Learner example:
ADVERB You have to deliver newspapers to the town centre's shops.
without any doubt
Dictionary examples: delivery /dɪˈlɪv.ər.i/
Have you definitely decided to go to America?
He definitely said he'd be here. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: delivery
So if I were you, I would definitely stay in the city. Verbs: deliver
NOUN [C or U]
degree /dɪˈgriː/ when things such as goods, letters, or parcels are taken to
people's houses or
NOUN places of work
QUALIFICATION Dictionary examples:
[C] a qualification given for completing a university course a delivery van
Dictionary examples: We get two deliveries of mail a day.
"What degree did you do at York?" "Geography." You can pay for the carpet on delivery.
She's got a physics degree/a degree in physics from We expect to take delivery of our new car next week.
Oxford. Learner example:
Learner example: I called for a delivery [from] Pizza Hut and after that went to
I completed my languages degree course at U.P.N study.
University.
demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/
delay /dɪˈleɪ/
Word family:
VERB Nouns: demand
CAUSE LATENESS Verbs: demand
[T] to cause someone or something to be slow or late Adjectives: demanding
Dictionary example: VERB [T]
I was delayed by traffic. REQUEST
Learner example: to ask for something in a way that shows that you do not
The roads were crowded with a lot of traffic, so I got really expect to be refused
delayed. Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C or U] I demanded an explanation.
without delay I demand to see the manager.
immediately She demanded that he return the books he borrowed from
Dictionary example: her.
This problem needs to be dealt with without delay. Learner example:
Learner example: I demand a full refund or I will be forced to take this matter
Firstly, the programme began on time at midday without further.
delay. NOUN
REQUEST
delete /dɪˈliːt/ [C] a strong request
Dictionary examples:

45
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

You can't give in to children's demands all the time. [C or U] the distance down either from the top of
The government is unlikely to agree to the rebels' demands something to the bottom, or to a
for independence. distance below the top surface of something
They received a final demand for payment. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: the depth of a lake/pond
Of course only when my demands are logical. There are very few fish at depths below 3000 metres.
The river froze to a depth of over a metre.
depart /dɪˈpɑːt/ Learner example:
But suddenly Laura did not feel any fear anymore and
Word family: within a second she jumped into the air and fell into the
Nouns: departure endless depth of the Grand Canyon.
Verbs: depart
VERB [I] FORMAL description /dɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/
to go away or leave, especially on a journey
Dictionary examples: Word family:
The plane departs at 6.00 a.m. Nouns: description
The train for London departs from Platform 2. Verbs: describe
Learner example: NOUN [C or U]
The boat departs from King's Bridge. something that tells you what something or someone is like
Dictionary examples:
departure /dɪˈpɑː.tʃər/ Write a description of your favourite seaside resort.
Your essay contains too much description, and not enough
Word family: discussion of the issues.
Nouns: departure She has given the police a very detailed/full description
Verbs: depart of the robber.
NOUN [C or U] Learner example:
LEAVING Here's a description of [my bedroom].
when someone or something leaves a place, especially to
start a journey to deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/
another place
Dictionary examples: VERB [T]
There are several departures for Paris every day. If you deserve something good or bad, it should happen to
Our departure was delayed because of bad weather. you because of the way you have behaved.
departure time Dictionary examples:
Learner example: After all that hard work, you deserve a holiday.
Now I am just waiting for the day of departure. Chris deserves our special thanks for all his efforts.
I hope they get the punishment they deserve.
depend /dɪˈpend/ They certainly deserved to win that match.
Learner example:
Word family: I wish you happiness, you deserve it.
Nouns: independence, dependence
Verbs: depend design /dɪˈzaɪn/
Adjectives: dependent, independent
Adverbs: independently Word family:
VERB Nouns: design, designer
it/that depends Verbs: design
used to say that you are not certain about something NOUN
because other things affect PLANNING
your answer [U] the way in which something is planned and made
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
"Are you coming out tonight?" "It depends where you're I don't like the design of this kettle.
going." The building was originally Victorian in design.
Learner example: a serious design fault
It depends how you want to spend your holidays. The car has some excellent design features.
Learner example:
deposit /dɪˈpɒ.zɪt/ I was looking to find a good bicycle with a nice design.
PROCESS
NOUN [C] [U] the art of making plans or drawings for something
BUYING Dictionary examples:
a payment that you make immediately when you decide to She's an expert on kitchen/software design.
buy something, as He's studying design at college.
proof that you will really buy it Learner example:
Dictionary example: You know that my subject is design.
They've put down a deposit on a house. DECORATION
Learner example: [C] a pattern or decoration
How many days in advance do we have to make our Dictionary example:
reservation? I also wonder if there is a deposit a floral design
that we have to pay. Learner example:
Last year I made and sold more than 200 pairs of knitted
depressed /dɪˈprest/ socks and because of that I got a prize from The Swedish
Handcraft Company for [the] wonderful and original design
Word family: on my socks.
Nouns: depression VERB
Adjectives: depressed, depressing PLAN
ADJECTIVE [T] to draw or plan something before making it
UNHAPPY Dictionary examples:
unhappy and without hope for the future Who designed this building/dress/furniture?
Dictionary examples: This range of clothing is specially designed for shorter
He seemed a bit depressed about his work situation. women.
She became deeply depressed when her husband died. Learner example:
Learner example: It was built in 1570 and designed by [the] Italian architect
I felt depressed and decided to go to live in another city. Morando.

depth /depθ/
designer /dɪˈzaɪ.nər/
Word family:
Nouns: depth Word family:
Verbs: deepen Nouns: design, designer
Adjectives: deep Verbs: design
Adverbs: deeply NOUN [C]
NOUN someone who draws and plans how something will be made
DISTANCE DOWN Dictionary example:

46
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

a fashion/software designer Verbs: develop, redevelop

Learner example: Adjectives: developed, developing, underdeveloped,
After five months, she was working as a co-designer with undeveloped
the best Italian designer, although she was just a student. VERB
CHANGE
despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ [I or T] to (cause something to) grow or change and
become more advanced
PREPOSITION Dictionary examples:
used to say that something happened or is true, although The baby develops inside the mother for nine months.
something else makes Over time, their acquaintance developed into a lasting
this seem not probable friendship.
Dictionary examples: This exercise is designed to develop the shoulder and back
I still enjoyed the week despite the weather. muscles.
Despite claims that the product is safe, many people have I'm looking for a job which will enable me to develop my
stopped buying it. skills/talents.
He managed to eat a big lunch despite having eaten an Learner example:
enormous breakfast. Therefore it's an important tool that is used to develop new
Learner example: friendships.
Despite having to share a bedroom with my three cousins, I MAKE
feel very comfortable. [T] to make something new such as a product
Dictionary examples:
destination /ˌdes.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ Scientists are developing new drugs all the time.
The company is spending $650 million on developing new
NOUN [C] products/technology.
the place where someone or something is going Learner example:
Dictionary examples: With more free time we can develop new tec[h]nology,
We arrived at our destination tired and hungry. learn more about ourselves and the world that surrounds
His letter never reached its destination. us.
The Caribbean is a popular tourist/holiday destination.
Learner example: development /dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/
The journey to the destination lasted about an hour.
Word family:
destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ Nouns: development, developer, redevelopment
Verbs: develop, redevelop
Word family: Adjectives: developed, developing, underdeveloped,
Nouns: destruction undeveloped
Verbs: destroy NOUN
VERB [T] CHANGE
to damage something so badly that it does not exist or [U] when someone or something grows or changes and
cannot be used becomes more advanced
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Most of the old part of the city was destroyed by bombs healthy growth and development
during the war. The programme traced the development of popular music
The accident seemed to have completely/totally through the ages. a development project in Pakistan
destroyed his confidence. Learner example:
Learner example: There are some machines which have helped in my
The film described a terrible period of our history when a lot development, and others which help to make my life easier.
of people died and a lot of cities were destroyed. PROCESS
[U] the process of developing something new
detail /ˈdiː.teɪl/ Dictionary examples:
the development of new drugs
Word family: Mr Berkowitz is in charge of product development.
Nouns: detail Learner example:
Adjectives: detailed Owing to the great speed of technological development,
NOUN people need to lead a faster life.
FACT
[C] one of many facts or pieces of information about diagram /ˈdaɪ.ə.græm/
something
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
She insisted on telling me every single detail. a simple picture showing what something looks like or
We don't know the full/precise details of the story yet. explaining something
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Consequently we [want] to know every single detail about The teacher drew a diagram showing how the blood flows
them and their lives. through the heart.
in detail Learner example:
including or considering all the information about The first diagram tells us that the number of Japanese
something or every part of something tourist[s] travelling abroad increased
Dictionary examples: dramatically from about 5 million in 1985 to about 11
We haven't discussed the matter in detail yet. million in 1990.
The book described her sufferings in great detail.
Learner example: dial /ˈdaɪ.əl/
I'm really sorry that I didn't write back earlier, but to make
up for this I will answer your questions in detail! VERB [I or T] (-ll-)
to make a telephone call to a particular number
detective /dɪˈtek.tɪv/ Dictionary examples:
Can I dial this number direct, or do I have to go through
Word family: the operator?
Nouns: detective Dial 0 for the switchboard.
Verbs: detect Learner example:
NOUN [C] So he picked up the phone and dialled the number written
someone, especially a police officer, whose job is to in the letter.
discover information about a crime
Dictionary examples: die /daɪ/
a private detective
detective stories VERB [I] (dying, died, died)
Learner example: be dying for/to do sth
I know that you love detective stories INFORMAL to be extremely eager to have or do something
. Dictionary examples:
develop /dɪˈvel.əp/ I'm dying to hear your news.
I'm dying for a cup of tea.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: development, developer, redevelopment Now I have to leave you because I'm dying for a pizza!

47
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

diet /ˈdaɪ.ət/ Word family:

Nouns: difficulty
NOUN Adjectives: difficult
USUAL FOOD NOUN
[C or U] the type of food that someone usually eats NOT EASY
Dictionary examples: [U] when something is not easy to do or understand
a healthy/balanced diet Dictionary examples:
The children seem to exist on a diet of burgers and chips. We finished the job, but only with great difficulty.
Learner example: The difficulty of the task excited them.
You can try our fresh farm food, which [is] very good for She had great difficulty finding a job.
your diet. Learner example:
WEIGHT LOSS They would have difficulty in sleeping outdoors.
[C] when someone eats less food, or only particular types
of food, because they want to become thinner or for dig /dɪg/
medical reasons
Dictionary examples: VERB (digging, dug, dug)
I'm going on a diet next week and hope to lose two kilos MOVE SOIL
before Christmas. [I or T] to break up and move soil using a tool, a machine
The doctor put me on a low-salt diet to reduce my blood or your hands
pressure. Dictionary example:
Learner example: Digging (in) the garden is good exercise.
I'm on a serious diet, and I have to exercise. Learner example:
I started digging, but it was useless.
difference /ˈdɪf.ər.ənts/
digital /ˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.təl/
Word family:
Nouns: difference, indifference ADJECTIVE
Verbs: differ, differentiate DISPLAY
Adjectives: different, indifferent showing information in the form of an electronic image
Adverbs: differently Dictionary examples:
NOUN a digital clock/display
AMOUNT a digital watch
[C or U] the amount by which one thing is different from Learner example:
another The alarm clock was flashing with the annoying digital
Dictionary examples: zeros.
a(n) age/price/temperature difference
There's a big difference in age between them. direct /daɪˈrekt/
Learner example:
This age difference was too big! Word family:
Nouns: direction, directions, director
different /ˈdɪf.ər.ənt/ Verbs: direct
Adjectives: direct, indirect
Word family: Adverbs: directly, indirectly
Nouns: difference, indifference ADJECTIVE
Verbs: differ, differentiate STRAIGHT
Adjectives: different, indifferent going straight from one place to another without stopping
Adverbs: differently or changing direction
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
SEPARATE a direct route/line
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] used to talk about separate Is there a direct train to Edinburgh?
things or people of the same type Learner example:
Dictionary example: I'm looking for a direct flight from Zurich to Botswana.
I had to go to three different shops to find the book she VERB
wanted. FILM/PLAY
Learner example: [I or T] to tell the actors in a film or play what to do
I have three different teachers for three different things, Dictionary examples:
one for the grammar, [an]other for the He wanted to give up acting and start directing (his own
lis[ten]ing and finally [one] for my writing. films).
'Jaws' was directed by Steven Spielberg.
differently /ˈdɪf.ər.ənt.li/ Learner example:
We plan to see an action film which was directed by
Word family: Tarantino.
Nouns: difference, indifference ROUTE
Verbs: differ, differentiate [T] to show or tell someone how to get to a place
Adjectives: different, indifferent Dictionary example:
Adverbs: differently Can you direct me to the manager's office please?
ADVERB Learner example:
in a different way He directed me to a room where other guests were waiting.
Dictionary examples:
We want to do things differently.
Are girls treated differently? direction /daɪˈrek.ʃən/
Learner example:
I had always pictured it quite differently. Word family:
Nouns: direction, directions, director
difficult /ˈdɪf.ɪ.kəlt/ Verbs: direct
Adjectives: direct, indirect
Word family: Adverbs: directly, indirectly
Nouns: difficulty NOUN
Adjectives: difficult WAY
ADJECTIVE [C] the way that someone or something is moving or facing
NOT FRIENDLY Dictionary examples:
not friendly or easy to deal with "No, go that way," I said, pointing in the opposite direction.
Dictionary examples: He was going in the direction of the bedroom.
The manager is difficult to deal with/a difficult person to They drove away in opposite directions.
deal with. Learner example:
His wife is a very difficult person. I walked for hours in the same direction I [had] walked
Please children, don't be so difficult! before.
Learner example:
I'm not a difficult person and I can cook very [well]. directly /daɪˈrekt.li/

difficulty /ˈdɪf.ɪ.kəl.ti/ Word family:

48
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Nouns: direction, directions, director to have a different opinion from someone else about
Verbs: direct something
Adjectives: direct, indirect Dictionary examples:
Adverbs: directly, indirectly I disagree with most of what he said.
ADVERB Experts disagree about / on the causes of the disease.
NOTHING BETWEEN Few people would disagree that something should be done
with no other person or thing involved or in between to reduce the level of crime in the
Dictionary examples: area.
Our hotel room was directly above a building site. I strongly disagree with the decision that has been taken.
The disease is directly linked to poor drainage systems. Learner example:
The sun shone directly in my eyes. We saw "Harry Potter" [and] the film was good but I think
Learner example: the book is better. Carlos disagreed with me.
The Youth Hostel was directly beside the sea.
disappear /ˌdɪs.əˈpɪər/
director /daɪˈrek.tər/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: appearance, disappearance
Nouns: direction, directions, director Verbs: appear, disappear
Verbs: direct VERB [I]
Adjectives: direct, indirect NOT SEE
Adverbs: directly, indirectly to become impossible to see
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
MANAGER The sun disappeared behind a cloud.
an important manager in an organization or company We looked for her but she had disappeared into the crowd.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
the board of directors They saw my mother's shadow [on] the stairs and
She has become the director of the new information centre. disappeared.
Learner example: NOT FIND
It was from my school teacher and she was saying the most to become impossible to find
horrible things about the school, the director and other Dictionary examples:
teachers. She disappeared from her home over a month ago.
FILM/PLAY I can't find my keys anywhere - they've completely
someone who tells the actors in a film or play what to do disappeared.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
a famous film/movie director I noticed that my wallet had disappeared.
Learner example:
We want to see the latest film by our favourite director - disappoint /ˌdɪs.əˈpɔɪnt/
Oliver Stone.
Word family:
dirt /dɜːt/ Nouns: disappointment
Verbs: disappoint
Word family: Adjectives: disappointed, disappointing
Nouns: dirt VERB [T]
Adjectives: dirty to make someone feel unhappy because someone or
NOUN [U] something was not as good as they had expected
dust, soil or any substance that makes a surface not clean Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I'm afraid I can't come after
His coat was covered with dirt. all.
Learner example: We don't want to disappoint the fans.
Maybe in the future they'll find a new fabric which protects Learner example:
you from dirt and dangerous sunshine. I've always got along very well with little kids and I'm sure I
won't disappoint you.
disabled /dɪˈseɪ.bl̩d/
disappointed /ˌdɪs.əˈpɔɪn.tɪd/
Word family:
Nouns: ability, disability, inability Word family:
Verbs: enable Nouns: disappointment
Adjectives: able, disabled, unable Verbs: disappoint
ADJECTIVE Adjectives: disappointed, disappointing
having an illness, injury or condition that makes it difficult ADJECTIVE
to do the things that most people do unhappy because someone or something was not as good
Dictionary examples: as you hoped or
The accident left him severely disabled. expected, or because something did not happen
The library does not have disabled access. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: She was disappointed (that) they hadn't phoned.
I have done a lot of work looking after disabled people in We were deeply disappointed at/about the result.
the local area. His parents were bitterly disappointed in/with him.
He was disappointed to find they'd already gone.
disadvantage /ˌdɪs.ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/ Learner example:
I feel so disappointed.
Word family:
Nouns: advantage, disadvantage disappointing /ˌdɪs.əˈpɔɪn.tɪŋ/
Adjectives: disadvantaged
NOUN [C] Word family:
MAKING DIFFICULT Nouns: disappointment
something which makes a situation more difficult, or makes Verbs: disappoint
you less likely to succeed Adjectives: disappointed, disappointing
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
One disadvantage of living in the town is the lack of safe making you feel disappointed
places for the children to play. Dictionary examples:
We need to consider whether the disadvantages of the plan What a disappointing performance/result!
outweigh the advantages. The response to our advertisement has been very
Learner example: disappointing.
After that we discussed the advantages and disadvantages Learner example:
of public transport. I started my new English class last week, which was [a]
really disappointing experience since the teacher was not a
disagree /ˌdɪs.əˈgriː/ native speaker.

Word family: disappointment /ˌdɪs.əˈpɔɪnt.mənt/

Nouns: agreement, disagreement
Verbs: agree, disagree Word family:
VERB [I] Nouns: disappointment

49
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Verbs: disappoint disgusting /dɪsˈgʌs.tɪŋ/

Adjectives: disappointed, disappointing
NOUN Word family:
FEELING Nouns: disgust
[U] the feeling of being disappointed Adjectives: disgusting, disgusted
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
Book early to avoid disappointment. extremely unpleasant or unacceptable
To my (great) disappointment, he decided to leave. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: It's disgusting that there are no schools or hospitals for
However, to my disappointment, the restaurant was closed these people.
because it was being redecorated. Passengers were kept for hours in a disgusting waiting
PERSON/THING room.
[C] something or someone that disappoints you Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Personally I don't like the special food that they do
The party turned out to be a big / huge / great sometimes, because it's disgusting.
disappointment.
I'm afraid I've been rather a disappointment to my parents. dishwasher /ˈdɪʃˌwɒʃ.ər/
Learner example:
It was all a big disappointment! NOUN [C]
a machine that washes dirty plates, cups, forks, etc.
disc /dɪsk/ Dictionary example:
I was just loading the dishwasher.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
RECORDING Finally, modern technology has changed my way of
a CD spending the free time that is provided by household
Dictionary example: appliances [such] as the dishwasher [and] the washing
Both songs are on their latest disc. machine.
Learner example:
Then after the movie, we went to a CD shop and I bought disk /dɪsk/
the new Foo Fighters' disc.
NOUN [C]
disc jockey /ˈdɪskˌdʒɒk.i/ (ALSO DJ) a piece of computer equipment that records and stores
information electronically
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
someone who plays music on the radio or at live events the hard disk
Dictionary example: How much disk space is there?
a radio 2 disc jockey Learner example:
Learner example: I bought a brand new, state of the art computer which is
I found out that there would be a special event with disc equipped with a 300 Mhz PENTIUM
jockeys like DJ Quicksilver. Processor, a 300 GB hard disk, a 17" monitor and so on.

discover /dɪˈskʌv.ər/ dislike /dɪˈslaɪk/

Word family: Word family:

Nouns: discovery Verbs: dislike, like
Verbs: discover VERB [T]
VERB [T] to not like someone or something
to find out something or to find a place or an object, Dictionary examples:
especially for the first time Why do you dislike her so much?
Dictionary examples: I dislike walking and I hate the countryside.
Who discovered America? Learner example:
Scientists have discovered how to predict an earthquake. I generally prefer reading newspapers, but I don't dislike
We searched all morning for the missing papers and finally books.
discovered them in a drawer. NOUN
She discovered (that) her husband was having an affair. likes and dislikes
Learner example: things that you do and do not like
I have discovered that horses are wonderful animals. Dictionary example:
What are your top five likes and dislikes?
discussion /dɪˈskʌʃ.ən/ Learner example:
The teacher asked about our families, friends, [and] likes
Word family: and dislikes and [then] the lesson finished.
Nouns: discussion
Verbs: discuss display /dɪˈspleɪ/
NOUN [C or U]
when people talk about something and tell each other their NOUN
ideas or opinions ARRANGEMENT
Dictionary examples: [C] a collection of objects or pictures arranged for people to
They were having a discussion about football. look at
I can say nothing - the matter is still under discussion. Dictionary example:
Management are holding/having discussions with the a display of children's paintings
union about possible redundancies. Learner example:
Learner example: I decided to visit a museum which has a special display on
Jane told us something about the Civil War and after that Friday.
we had a discussion about the rights of black people in on display
th[o]se days. If something is on display, it is there for people to look at.
Dictionary example:
disease /dɪˈziːz/ Many old aircraft are on display at the museum at the
moment.
NOUN [C or U] Learner example:
(an) illness caused by infection or by a failure of health There were some new musical instruments on display.
rather than by an accident ON SCREEN
Dictionary examples: [C or U] when something is shown electronically such as on
heart disease a computer screen
a common/rare disease Dictionary example:
They reported a sudden outbreak of the disease in the The display problems might be due to a shortage of disk
south of the country. space.
The first symptom of the disease is a very high Learner example:
temperature. The phone has many facilities like games and color display.
Starvation and disease have killed thousands of refugees. VERB
Learner example: ARRANGE
I was worried about her incurable disease. [T] to arrange something somewhere so that people can
see it

50
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary example: Word family:

Family photographs were displayed on the wall. Nouns: diver, diving
Learner example: Verbs: dive
The problem [with] some museums is that the way in which NOUN [U]
the pieces of art are displayed is not the activity of swimming under water, usually with
right. breathing equipment
Dictionary example:
I want to go diving in Malta.
distance /ˈdɪs.tənts/ Learner example:
We can go fishing, diving or windsurfing, it depends on how
Word family: [you] would like to spend your time.
Nouns: distance
Adjectives: distant divorce /dɪˈvɔːs/
NOUN
LENGTH Word family:
[C or U] the amount of space between two places Nouns: divorce
Dictionary examples: Verbs: divorce
What's the distance between Madrid and Barcelona/from Adjectives: divorced
Madrid to Barcelona? NOUN [C or U]
He travels quite a distance to work every day. when two people officially stop being married
Does she live walking distance of her parents? Dictionary examples:
Learner example: The last I heard they were getting a divorce.
There are also caves to explore a short distance away. Divorce is on the increase.
Ellie wants a divorce.
district /ˈdɪs.trɪkt/ What are the chances of a marriage ending in divorce?
Learner example:
NOUN [C] After her divorce, she had two boyfriends.
a part of a city or country, either an official area or one that
is known for having a particular feature or characteristic divorced /dɪˈvɔːst/
Dictionary examples:
South Cambridgeshire District Council Word family:
the financial/business district Nouns: divorce
the Lake District/the Peak District Verbs: divorce
Learner example: Adjectives: divorced
I recommend you go from one district to another by public ADJECTIVE
transport. married in the past but not now married
Dictionary examples:
dive /daɪv/ She's divorced.
They got divorced after only six months of marriage.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: diver, diving My best friend Petra is getting divorced.
Verbs: dive
VERB [I] DJ /ˈdiːˌdʒeɪ/ (ALSO disc jockey)
ENTER WATER
If you dive into water, you enter it head-first with your arms NOUN [C]
held out above your head. someone who plays music on the radio or at live events
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
They ran to the pool, dived in, and swam to the other side. He's a DJ on Radio 1.
Look at those children diving for oysters over there! Learner example:
Mark dived off the bridge into the river. I found out that there would be a special event with disc
Learner example: jockeys like DJ Quicksilver.
I dived from high rocks into the water.
SWIM UNDER WATER do /duː/
to swim under water, usually with breathing equipment
Dictionary example: Word family:
I like to go somewhere on holiday where I can dive. Verbs: do, overdo
Learner example: AUXILIARY VERB (did, done)
Now, she dives regularly [and] spends all her holidays at a do badly/well
place where there is a Diving Centre. to be unsuccessful/successful
Dictionary example:
diver /ˈdaɪ.vər/ Sam did very well in her exams.
Learner example:
Word family: I had done badly in my last exam and my teacher said she
Nouns: diver, diving would talk to my mother.
Verbs: dive AVOID REPEATING
NOUN [C] used to avoid repeating a verb that has just been used
someone who swims under water, usually with breathing Dictionary examples:
equipment She runs much faster than he does.
Dictionary example: Maria looks much healthier than she did.
a deep-sea diver "I hate that song!" "So do I."
Learner example: "I don't like the heat." "Nor/Neither do I."
I've got [the qualification] of "open water diver''. "May I join you?" "Please do!"
Learner example:
divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ I like Brad Pitt a lot, and so does she.
VERB (did, done)
Word family: do your hair/make-up, etc.
Nouns: division, divide to make your hair/make-up, etc. look nice
Verbs: divide Dictionary example:
Adjectives: divided It takes him half an hour to do his hair in the morning.
VERB Learner example:
SEPARATE I was the assistant of the person responsible for the clothes
[I or T] to separate into parts or groups or to make people and make-up of the pop-group, [and]
or things do this I was asked to do their make-up on my o[w]n.
Dictionary examples: do your best
At the end of the lecture, I'd like all the students to divide to make the greatest effort possible
into small discussion groups. Dictionary example:
After World War Two, Germany was divided into two I did my best to persuade him.
separate countries. Learner example:
Learner example: I'll do my best to cover the work.
The class was divided in[to] two groups.
diving /ˈdaɪv.ɪŋ/ document /ˈdɒk.jə.mənt/

51
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NOUN [C] Dictionary example:

ON COMPUTER There is no doubt (that) he's a good player.
a piece of text produced electronically on a computer Learner example:
Dictionary example: However, there is no doubt that it is a nice one.
I'll send you the document by email.
Learner example:
That document was a "virus" and erased all my documents down /daʊn/
[o]n my computer.
ADVERB
documentary /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmen.tər.i/ IN WRITING
in writing or on paper
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
a film, television or radio programme that gives facts and Do you have it down in writing/on paper, or was it just a
information about a verbal agreement?
subject I've put you down for three tickets each.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
The documentary took a fresh look at the life of Darwin. You have to bring a pen and paper to write down the
They showed a documentary on animal communication. teacher's notes.
Learner example: FAR
It's supposed to be a documentary about a man who lives used, especially with prepositions, to emphasize that a
with his wife and dogs in The Rockies, place is far from you or
in Canada. from somewhere considered to be central
Dictionary examples:
dolphin /ˈdɒl.fɪn/ I'll meet you down at the club after work.
He has a house down by the harbour.
NOUN [C] I'm going down to the shop to buy some milk.
an intelligent animal that lives in the sea, breathes air and Learner example:
looks like a large, As soon as we drove down from the hills, I heard the noise
smooth, grey fish from the town and I didn't like that.
Dictionary example: download
They swam with dolphins on holiday. NOUN [C] /ˈdaʊn.ləʊd/
Learner example: a computer program, music or other information that has
I saw a dolphin jumping in the air. been or can be
downloaded
donkey /ˈdɒŋ.ki/ Dictionary example:
a free download
NOUN [C] downstairs
an animal like a small horse with long ears ADJECTIVE /ˈdaʊn.steəz/
Dictionary example: [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] on or at a lower floor of a
The donkey struggled with its heavy burden. building, especially the ground floor
Learner example: Dictionary example:
You can use animals like donkeys for transportation. The burglars had got in through a downstairs window.
Learner example:
dot /dɒt/ Every year when winter com[es], our heating [doe]sn't work
very well. [The] upstairs rooms [are]
NOUN ok, but [the] downstairs rooms are cold.
INTERNET
[U] the spoken form of a full stop in an Internet or email dozen /ˈdʌz.ən/
address, or some
computer files NOUN [C]; DETERMINER
Dictionary example: twelve
"What's the web address?" "www dot cambridge dot org". Dictionary examples:
a dozen eggs
double /ˈdʌb.l̩/ This recipe makes three dozen cookies.
Could you get me half a dozen eggs when you go to the
DETERMINER shop?
twice as much or as many Learner example:
Dictionary examples: We were a dozen people.
Our new house is double the size of the old one.
It'll cost you double that now. drag /dræg/
Learner example:
[There] has been an increase of 15% in the [number of] old VERB (-gg-)
people that live alone, and in the case of living in a care COMPUTER
home, the percentage is double (50%) [that of] 1976. [T] to move something on a computer screen using a
mouse
doubt /daʊt/ Dictionary example:
Drag the icon to the new window.
Word family: drag and drop
Nouns: doubt to move something on a computer screen using a mouse
Verbs: doubt and place it where you want it to be
Adjectives: doubtful, undoubted Dictionary example:
Adverbs: undoubtedly drag and drop exercises
NOUN [C or U]
NOT CERTAIN drama /ˈdrɑː.mə/
when you are not certain about something, or do not trust
someone or something Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: drama
I'm having doubts about his ability to do the job. Adjectives: dramatic
If there's any doubt about the rocket's engines, we ought Adverbs: dramatically
to cancel the launch. NOUN [C or U]
Learner example: THEATRE
If you have any doubt, send me an e-mail. a play in a theatre or on television or radio, or plays and
have no doubt acting generally
to be certain Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: She's been in several television dramas.
I have no doubt (that) I made the right decision. He's the drama critic for the Times.
I never had any doubt (that) you would win. She studied English and drama at college.
Learner example: Learner example:
Maria went with me, and I have no doubt she loved the lake It was a drama club.
like I did. EXCITEMENT
there's no doubt
it is certain

52
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

an event or situation, especially an unexpected one, in Don't drop it!/Don't let it drop!
which there is worry or excitement and usually a lot of Learner example:
action Maybe this is the reason why I dropped my cup of tea.
Dictionary examples: drag and drop
We had a little drama last night when the oil in the pan to move something on a computer screen using a mouse
caught fire. and place it where you
There was a lot of drama in the courtroom. want it to be
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Fortunately he found [my ring]. How happy I was! The drag and drop exercises
drama was over! Learner example:
With simple mouse-clicks and by means of the well-known
dream /driːm/ "drag-and-drop" method, this
programme will enable you to select a fabric from the
NOUN [C] catalogue and "drop" it on a chair or couch,
HOPE to see what they look like.
something that you want to happen very much but that is NOUN
not very likely LIQUID
Dictionary examples: [C] a small round-shaped amount of liquid
It's always been my dream to have flying lessons. Dictionary examples:
Winning all that money was a dream come true. I thought I felt a drop of rain.
Learner example: There were little drops of paint on the kitchen floor.
My dream was to become a professional singer. Learner example:
VERB [I or T] (dreamed or dreamt, dreamed or dreamt) I could only hear the drops against the window-pane.
IMAGINE
to imagine something that you would like to happen due /djuː/
Dictionary example:
He never dreamed that one day he would become ADJECTIVE
President. EXPECTED
Learner example: expected to happen, arrive, etc. at a particular time
I have always dreamed [of] becom[ing] a famous tennis Dictionary examples:
[player]. What time is the next bus due?
The next meeting is due to be held in three months' time.
dress /dres/ Their first baby is due in January.
Learner example:
Word family: It is my science assignment which is due on Tuesday, so I
Nouns: dress have no time to research and write it again.
Verbs: dress, undress due to
Adjectives: dressed, undressed because of
VERB Dictionary examples:
WEAR PARTICULAR CLOTHES A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.
[I] to wear a particular type of clothes Due to wet leaves on the line, this train will arrive an hour
Dictionary examples: late.
I have to dress quite smartly for work. Learner example:
Patricia always dresses in black. First of all, I want to say that France is the best place to
Learner example: cycle, due to its mountains and fantastic forests.
The waiters dress in national clothes and are very kind.
dull /dʌl/
dressed /drest/
ADJECTIVE
Word family: BORING
Nouns: dress not interesting or exciting in any way; boring
Verbs: dress, undress Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: dressed, undressed She wrote dull, respectable articles for the local newspaper.
ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN] He's pleasant enough, but deadly dull.
PARTICULAR CLOTHES Learner example:
wearing clothing of a particular type In my opinion the film was very boring because the story
Dictionary example: was poor and dull.
a well-dressed/casually dressed man
Learner example: dust /dʌst/
Last Saturday, there was a big party and everyone w[as]
well dressed. Word family:
Nouns: dust
drive /draɪv/ Adjectives: dusty
NOUN [U]
Word family: dry dirt in the form of powder that covers surfaces inside a
Nouns: drive, driver building, or very small
Verbs: drive dry pieces of soil, sand or other substances
NOUN 240Dictionary examples:
JOURNEY The furniture was covered in dust.
[C] a journey in a car A cloud of dust rose in the air as the car roared past.
Dictionary example: coal dust
The drive from Boston to New York took four hours. Learner example:
Learner example: Also, in the countryside there are more bugs and dust than
This restaurant is about [a] 1 hour drive from my home. in the city.
COMPUTER
[C] a part of a computer that can read or store information dustbin /ˈdʌst.bɪn/ (UK ALSO bin)
Dictionary example:
Save your work on the C: drive. NOUN [C]
Learner example: a large container for rubbish from a house or other building,
Then we learned how to install components like a usually made of
Soundboard or a CD-Rom drive. strong plastic or metal and kept outside
Dictionary example:
drop /drɒp/ I threw his old clothes in the dustbin.
Learner example:
VERB (-pp-) Finally, I will put this horrible yellowed carpet in the
FALL dustbin!
[I or T] to fall or to allow something to fall
Dictionary examples: dusty /ˈdʌs.ti/
She dropped her keys. Word family:
I'm always dropping things. Nouns: dust
Amanda dropped her sunglasses in/into the fountain. Adjectives: dusty
The book dropped from/off the shelf. ADJECTIVE

53
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

covered with dust Adverbs: easily, easy

Dictionary example: ADVERB
a dusty old chair take it/things easy
Learner example: to relax and not use too much energy
Not a sound could be heard in the dusty street except for Dictionary example:
the contin[u]ous roar of my almost After his heart attack, he had to take things easy for a
useless pick-up. while.
Learner example:
duty /ˈdjuː.ti/ Take it easy and see you soon.

NOUN easygoing (easy-going) /ˌIː.ziːˈgəʊ.ɪŋ/

RIGHT THING TO DO
[C or U] something that you have to do because it is part of ADJECTIVE
your job, or something usually relaxed and calm, not worried or upset
that you feel is the right thing to do Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: My brother is easygoing, but I'm the excitable type.
I felt it was my duty to tell them the truth. Learner example:
He only went to see her out of duty. She was friendly, easygoing and sociable, [and] I enjoyed
Learner example: my free time with her.
It is not enjoyable if you look at it as a duty.
eat /iːt/ (ate, eaten)
duty-free /ˌdjuː.tiˈfri:/
VERB
ADJECTIVE eat out PHRASAL VERB
Duty-free goods are things you can buy and bring into a to eat in a restaurant
country without paying tax. Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: When I lived in Spain, I used to eat out all the time.
I bought some duty-free perfume at the airport. Learner example:
Learner example: If you don't have any plans next weekend, I want to eat out
We went to get some alcohol in a duty-free shop. with you.

duvet /ˈduː.veɪ/ economics /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪks/

NOUN [C] Word family:

a cover filled with feathers or warm material that you sleep Nouns: economics, economist, economy
under Adjectives: economic, economical
Dictionary example: NOUN [U]
She snuggled down under the duvet. the study of the way in which trade, industry and money
Learner example: are organized
So I'm thinking [of] buy[ing] a feather duvet, a real one! Dictionary example:
She's in her third year of economics at York University.
earache /ˈɪər.eɪk/ Learner example:
I am 20 years old and I am studying economics at university
NOUN [C or U] in Berlin.
pain in your ear
Dictionary example:
He was suffering from earache. edge /edʒ/
Learner example:
I feel ill and I've got earache. NOUN [C]
OUTER POINT
early /ˈɜː.li/ (earlier, earliest) the part of something that is furthest from the centre
Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE He'd piped fresh cream around the edge of the cake.
BEFORE They built the church on the edge of the village.
before the usual time or the time that was arranged I caught my leg on the edge of the table as I walked past.
Dictionary examples: A man was standing at the water's edge with a small boy.
I'm going to have an early night. Learner example:
She took early retirement. Finally, I managed to move my right foot closer to the edge.
Learner example:
I have been thinking about early retirement. education /ˌed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/

earth /ɜːθ/ Word family:

Nouns: education
NOUN Verbs: educate
PLANET Adjectives: educated, educational
[NO PLURAL] (ALSO Earth) the planet that we live on NOUN [U NO PLURAL]
Dictionary examples: the process of teaching or learning in a school or college, or
The Earth takes approximately 365 days to go round the the knowledge that
Sun. you get from this
Swimming in a pool is the best place on Earth to be on a Dictionary examples:
hot day like this. primary/secondary/adult/university/higher education
Learner example: As a child he received most of his education at home.
I like it because it is the best football on Earth! It's a country which places great importance on education.
It's important for children to get a good education.
eastern (ALSO Eastern) /ˈiː.stən/ Learner example:
During my education I realised that it is very important for
Word family: my career to speak English very well.
Nouns: east
Adjectives: east, eastern effect /ɪˈfekt/
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN]
EAST PART Word family:
in or from the east part of an area Nouns: effect, effectiveness
Dictionary example: Adjectives: effective
The eastern part of the country is very mountainous. Adverbs: effectively
Learner example: NOUN
After that you can catch a train which takes you to the RESULT
eastern part of Switzerland. [C or U] the result of a particular influence
easy /ˈiː.zi/ Dictionary examples:
The accident had a huge effect on her life.
Word family: We don't know the long-term effects of this drug.
Nouns: ease Learner example:
Adjectives: easy, uneasy

54
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

The next day, my teacher asked me to stand in front of all Dictionary examples:
the student[s] and then she told my You can get there by train or bus - either way it'll take an
classmates that being honest could alway[s] bring us a gift hour.
or [have] a fantastic effect on our life. He might have to resign or he might be given a desk job,
a sound/special/visual effect but either way, his career is effectively
a sound, image, etc. that is created artificially over.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
It's got to be thirty seconds long, and we can use whatever If that doesn't work, you can ask them to talk to your
sound effects we like. friends' parents so you could all go together.
Learner example: Either way, I know you will have lots of fun this summer.
The film was amazing, with excellent special effects and
good actors. elbow /ˈel.bəʊ/

efficient /ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/ NOUN [C]

the part in the middle of your arm where it bends
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: efficiency Her arm was bandaged from the elbow to the fingers.
Adjectives: efficient, inefficient Learner example:
Adverbs: efficiently I was sure I would have a beautiful bru[i]se on my elbow.
ADJECTIVE
working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized elder /ˈel.dər/
way
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
The city's transport system is one of the most efficient in elder sister/brother/son/daughter
Europe. a sister/brother/son/daughter who is older than the other
We need someone really efficient who can organize the sister(s), brother(s), etc.
office and make it run smoothly. Dictionary example:
Learner example: My elder sister is getting married.
The staff were so court[e]ous and efficient, and the Learner example:
a[t]mosphere was intimate and relaxing. My elder brother visited me [in] Berlin as you know.

effort /ˈef.ət/ elderly /ˈel.dəl.i/

NOUN ADJECTIVE
ATTEMPT a more polite word for 'old', used to describe people
[C or U] an attempt to do something Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: elderly relatives/parents
If we could all make an effort to keep this office tidier it Learner example:
would help. This short story is about a man who is accused of having
In their efforts to reduce crime the government have murdered a rich elderly widow.
expanded the police force.
He's jogging round the park every morning in an effort to eldest /ˈel.dɪst/
get fit for the football season.
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
So they planned everything and they didn't have to make eldest child/brother/daughter, etc.
an effort as the stupid "kidnapper" was walking my dog the oldest of three or more children, brothers, etc.,
round the park before the meeting so they arrested him especially within a family
and I got my dog back. Dictionary example:
ENERGY Her eldest child is nearly 14.
[U] the energy that you need to do something Learner example:
Dictionary examples: And guess who I met: Jack Hawk, Tony Hawk's eldest son.
They've put a lot of effort into getting the design of the
magazine right. election /ɪˈlek.ʃən/
It takes a long time to prepare the dish but the results are
so good that it's worth the effort. Word family:
It would take too much effort to tidy his bedroom. Nouns: election
Learner example: Verbs: elect
We climb[ed] a mountain and it was so hard, but the effort NOUN [C or U]
[was] worth it because the view was beautiful. a time when people vote in order to choose someone for a
political or official job
either /ˈaɪ.ðər/ Dictionary examples:
a presidential election
CONJUNCTION Who do you think will win the election?
either... or Local government elections will take place in May.
used when you are giving a choice between two or more The first election results have started to come in.
things Learner example:
Dictionary example: The film shows very different things about the American
Either you leave now or I call the police! election.
Learner example:
I thought: "Either I talk to her now or I won't be able to talk electric /ɪˈlek.trɪk/
to her [at all]!"
ADVERB Word family:
used in negative sentences to mean that something else is Nouns: electrician, electricity
true Adjectives: electric, electrical
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
I don't eat meat and my husband doesn't either. SUPPLY
"I've never been to the States." "I haven't either." supplying electricity
The menu is boring at that restaurant and it's not cheap Dictionary example:
either. an electric socket
Learner example: Learner example:
It's so quick and not too expensive either. The weight of the snow broke the branches of the trees and
PRONOUN; DETERMINER some branches fell on electric cables,
ONE OF TWO breaking them.
one of two people or things when it is not important which
Dictionary examples: electrical /ɪˈlek.trɪ.kəl/
Either candidate would be ideal for the job.
"Would you like the metal or plastic one?" "Either will do." Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: electrician, electricity
But, either option, call me [at] my house before coming. Adjectives: electric, electrical
either way 250ADJECTIVE
used to talk about two possibilities where the result will be USING ELECTRICITY
the same related to or working using electricity

55
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples: a serious or dangerous situation that needs immediate

electrical appliances/equipment/goods action
an electrical fault Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Call him - it's an emergency.
Japan is famous for electrical things, [and] you can buy How would disabled people escape in an emergency?
them cheaper than you do [in] other Is the emergency exit suitable for wheelchairs?
countries. The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an emergency
landing on Lake Geneva.
electronic /eˌlekˈtrɒn.ɪk/ Learner example:
We really need you. It's an emergency.
Word family:
Nouns: electronics employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/
Adjectives: electronic
Adverbs: electronically Word family:
ADJECTIVE Nouns: employee, employer, employment, unemployment,
EQUIPMENT unemployed
Electronic equipment consists of things such as computers, Verbs: employ
televisions, and Adjectives: unemployed
radios. VERB [T]
Dictionary example: JOB
electronic components/devices to have someone work or do a job for you and pay them for
Learner example: it
I like buying clothes, but I prefer buying some other stuff Dictionary examples:
like electronic devices or that sort of How many people does your company employ?
thing. Can't we employ someone as an assistant to help with all
TECHNOLOGY this paperwork?
done by computers We've employed a market researcher to find out what
Dictionary example: people really want from a cable TV system.
electronic communication More people are now employed in service industries than in
Learner example: manufacturing.
On the other hand, many people argue about the security Learner example:
[of an] electronic transaction and also As you know I am employed in a travel agency and last
that not many people have Internet access. week I started my new English class.

elementary /ˌel.əˈmen.tri/ employee /ɪm.plɔɪˈiː/

ADJECTIVE Word family:

basic or relating to the early stages of studying a subject Nouns: employee, employer, employment, unemployment,
Dictionary example: unemployed
students at elementary level Verbs: employ
Learner example: Adjectives: unemployed
This book can be used by English students [at] [an] NOUN [C]
elementary level. someone who is paid to work for someone else
Dictionary examples:
embarrassed /ɪmˈbær.əst/ The number of employees in the company has trebled over
the past decade.
Word family: She's a former council employee/employee of the council.
Nouns: embarrassment Learner example:
Verbs: embarrass There is a[n] exotic atmosphere, helped [by] the pictures on
Adjectives: embarrassed, embarrassing the walls and the clothes of the
ADJECTIVE employees.
feeling ashamed or shy
Dictionary examples: employer /ɪmˈplɔɪ.ər/
She felt embarrassed about undressing in front of the
doctor. Word family:
I was too embarrassed to admit that I was scared. Nouns: employee, employer, employment, unemployment,
Learner example: unemployed
I went to the first lesson last week and I have to admit I felt Verbs: employ
a bit embarrassed about doing some Adjectives: unemployed
writing at the begin[nin]g of the lesson. NOUN [C]
a person or organization that employs people
embarrassing /ɪmˈbær.ə.sɪŋ/ Dictionary example:
We need a reference from your former employer.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: embarrassment I took this English course and my employer said, if I pass
Verbs: embarrass my exam, he will give me a bonus of
Adjectives: embarrassed, embarrassing fifty pounds.
ADJECTIVE
making you feel embarrassed employment /ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/
Dictionary examples:
an embarrassing situation Word family:
It's embarrassing to be caught telling a lie. Nouns: employee, employer, employment, unemployment,
What has been your most embarrassing moment? unemployed
Learner example: Verbs: employ
The first lesson was very embarrassing for me, because I Adjectives: unemployed
went late. NOUN [U]
when someone is paid to work for a company or
embassy /ˈem.bə.si/ organization
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] full-time/part-time/temporary/permanent/regular
the official group of people who live in a foreign country employment
and represent their Employment levels are unlikely to rise significantly before
government there, or the building where they work the end of next year.
Dictionary examples: It's not easy to find employment in the countryside.
the Swedish Embassy in London Learner example:
The Ambassador held a reception at the embassy. Furthermore, the stores need more employees to work at
Learner example: night, and therefore create employment.
He lent me his cell phone to call the embassy.
encourage /ɪnˈkʌr.ɪdʒ/

emergency /ɪˈmɜː.dʒənt.si/ Word family:

NOUN [C or U] Nouns: encouragement

56
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Verbs: discourage, encourage I was going to go out this evening, but I just don't have the
Adjectives: encouraging energy.
VERB [T] I didn't even have the energy to get out of bed.
MAKE MORE LIKELY Learner example:
to make someone more likely to do something, or to make In the evening, you can go to the pub to try Czech beer or if
something more likely you have [enough] energy, you can
to happen go clubbing.
Dictionary examples: ELECTRICITY, GAS, ETC
We were encouraged to learn foreign languages at school. the power that comes from electricity, gas, etc.
Cutting back plants will encourage growth. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: It is important for us to save energy.
I thought it would be great to go and I encouraged them to We mustn't waste energy.
do it. nuclear/wind energy
GIVE CONFIDENCE energy conservation/efficiency
to give someone confidence or hope Learner example:
Dictionary example: I thought [of buying] an air-conditioning [unit], but it
My parents encouraged me when things weren't going well consumes [too] much energy, so I'm going
at school. to buy a [fan], because [it] is very hot here.
Learner example:
We went into the ward and looked at her thinking all the engaged /ɪnˈgeɪdʒd/
happy thoughts we had with her and
trying to encourage her to live. ADJECTIVE
MARRIAGE
end /end/ having formally agreed to marry
Dictionary examples:
Word family: Debbie and Chris have just got engaged.
Nouns: end, ending She was engaged to some guy in the army.
Verbs: end Learner example:
Adjectives: endless I'm engaged [to] him.
NOUN IN USE
in the end If a telephone or public toilet is engaged, someone is
finally, after something has been thought about or already using it.
discussed a lot Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: Every time I ring her, the number is engaged.
We were thinking about going to Switzerland, but in the end The sign on the toilet door said 'Engaged'.
we went to Austria. Learner example:
Learner example: I was worried and so I decided to phone him but the line
Well I can only tell you what I would do, but in the end it's was always engaged.
your choice.
VERB [I or T] engineering /ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪə.rɪŋ/
end up PHRASAL VERB
to finally be in a particular place or situation Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: engine, engineer, engineering
They're travelling across Europe by train and are planning NOUN [U]
to end up in Moscow. the work of an engineer, or the study of this work
Much of this meat will probably end up as dog food. Dictionary example:
After working her way around the world, she ended up Richard studied engineering at Manchester University.
teaching English as a foreign language. Learner example:
Learner example: His name is Marco and he is [studying] engineering.
After the movie we went for a drink and we ended up
dancing salsa. enjoyable /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.ə.bl̩/

ending /ˈen.dɪŋ/ Word family:

Nouns: enjoyment
Word family: Verbs: enjoy
Nouns: end, ending Adjectives: enjoyable
Verbs: end ADJECTIVE
Adjectives: endless An enjoyable event or experience gives you pleasure.
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
FINAL PART We had a very enjoyable evening - thank you!
the last part of a story, film, etc. I found the whole experience very enjoyable.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
People want love stories with happy endings. First, thanks for the most enjoyable weekend [of] my life.
Learner example:
This film is a typical romantic story with a happy ending. enormous /ɪˈnɔː.məs/
WORD
a part added to the end of a word ADJECTIVE
Dictionary example: extremely large
To make the plural of 'dog', you add the plural ending '-s'. Dictionary examples:
an enormous car/house
enemy /ˈen.ə.mi/ He earns an enormous salary.
You've been an enormous help.
NOUN Learner example:
PERSON It has two bedrooms, an enormous bathroom, a small
! [C] a person who you dislike or oppose kitchen and a nice living-room.
Dictionary examples:
He's made a few enemies in this company.
political enemies enquiry (UK ALSO inquiry) /ɪnˈkwaɪə.ri/
Learner example:
I have made a lot of enemies. Word family:
Nouns: enquiry
energy /ˈen.ə.dʒi/ Verbs: enquire
NOUN
Word family: QUESTION
Nouns: energy [C] a question that you ask when you want more
Adjectives: energetic information
NOUN [U] Dictionary example:
STRENGTH We receive a lot of enquiries about tax issues.
the power and ability to be very active without becoming Learner example:
tired I also have some enquiries concerning the trip.
Dictionary examples:
Looking after children takes up a lot of time and energy. enter /ˈen.tər/

57
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

JOINING OR TAKING PART

Word family: [U] when you join an organization or take part in a
Nouns: entrance, entry competition
Verbs: enter Dictionary examples:
VERB Are there lots of exams for entry into the legal profession?
COMPETITION Have you filled in your entry form yet?
[I or T] to take part in a competition, race or examination Learner example:
Dictionary examples: You can do anything in this club from football to chess. If
Are you going to enter the photography competition? you ever come to visit, I could organise
Both men have been entered for/in the 100 metres in Paris an entry form [for] you.
next month. COMPETITION WORK
Learner example: [C or U] a piece of work that you do to try to win a
I [have] enter[ed] a competition and I need your bike. competition
INFORMATION Dictionary examples:
[T] to put information into a computer, book or document There have been a fantastic number of entries for this
Dictionary example: year's poetry competition. the winning entries
You have to enter a password to access the database.
Learner example: environment /ɪnˈvaɪə.rən.mənt/
You only have to click on the product you want and enter
your credit card number. Word family:
Nouns: environment, environmentalist
entertain /en.təˈteɪn/ Adjectives: environmental
Adverbs: environmentally
Word family: NOUN
Nouns: entertainer, entertainment the environment
Verbs: entertain the air, land and water where people, animals and plants
Adjectives: entertaining live
VERB [I or T] Dictionary examples:
to keep a group of people interested or enjoying We're not doing enough to protect the environment from
themselves pollution.
Dictionary examples: The new road may cause damage to the environment.
We hired a magician to entertain the children. Learner example:
Most children's television programmes aim to educate and The first lesson was enjoyable - we had to talk about the
entertain at the same time. environment.
Learner example:
You should sing in a pub to entertain people. environmental /ɪnˌvaɪə.rən.ˈmen.təl/

entertainment /en.təˈteɪn.mənt/ Word family:

Nouns: environment, environmentalist
Word family: Adjectives: environmental
Nouns: entertainer, entertainment Adverbs: environmentally
Verbs: entertain ADJECTIVE
Adjectives: entertaining relating to the environment
NOUN [C or U] Dictionary example:
shows, movies, television, or other performances or People are becoming far more aware of environmental
activities that entertain people issues.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
There is live entertainment in the bar every night. As you know, I went to Canada in order to take part in an
There's not much in the way of entertainment in this town - environmental conference.
just the cinema and a couple of pubs.
Learner example: equal /ˈiː.kwəl/
You can find cinemas, discos and night clubs for
entertainment. Word family:
Nouns: equality, inequality
entrance /ˈen.trənts/ Adjectives: equal
Adverbs: equally
Word family: ADJECTIVE
Nouns: entrance, entry SAME AMOUNT/NUMBER, ETC.
Verbs: enter the same in amount, number or size
NOUN Dictionary examples:
RIGHT The sides are of equal length.
[U] the right to enter a place or join an organization One litre is equal to 1.76 imperial pints.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
Entrance is free, but you have to pay for your drinks. We are a well-mixed class with equal numbers of boys and
Learner example: girls, all about 20 years old.
If you've [got] membership, you don't need to pay for
entrance. You only pay for the drinks and equipment /ɪˈkwɪp.mənt/
the food.
Word family:
entry /ˈen.tri/ Nouns: equipment
Verbs: equip
Word family: NOUN [U]
Nouns: entrance, entry the set of necessary tools, clothing, etc. for a particular
Verbs: enter purpose
NOUN Dictionary examples:
INFORMATION office/camping/kitchen equipment
[C] a separate piece of information that is recorded in a electrical equipment
book such as a dictionary, This is a really useful piece of equipment.
or on the Internet Learner example:
Dictionary examples: You can rent equipment or take your own.
They've updated a lot of the entries on the website.
As his illness progressed, he made fewer entries in his escape /ɪˈskeɪp/
diary.
Learner example: VERB
Later I got my own entry on their Clan-home-page. GET AWAY
PLACE [I] to succeed in getting away from a place where you do
[U] the right or ability to come into or go into a place not want to be
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
She was refused entry. The two prisoners escaped from prison last night.
A flock of sheep blocked our entry to the village. There were reports that a lion had escaped from its cage at
I can't go down that street - there's a 'No entry' sign. a nearby zoo.
There's free entry to the exhibition for students after 6 pm. Learner example:

58
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

You also get to meet people there, interesting people - for We hardly ever go out these days.
example, I met a really weird guy who Learner example:
claims to have escaped from an asylum, twice! My bedroom hardly ever looks tidy.
essay /ˈes.eɪ/ ever since
NOUN [C] continuously since that time
a short piece of writing about a particular subject, Dictionary examples:
especially one done by students We met at school and have been friends ever since.
Dictionary example: He's been depressed ever since he got divorced.
For homework I want you to write an essay on endangered Learner example:
species. The pen was given [to me] by my father on my birthday
Learner example: and I have treasured it ever since.
I could write an extra essay. for ever
always in the future
essential /ɪˈsen.tʃəl/ Dictionary example:
I'm not going to live here for ever.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: essence My friend was leaving the city for ever and [going] to a city
Adjectives: essential in another country.
Adverbs: essentially
ADJECTIVE exact /ɪgˈzækt/
NECESSARY
very important and necessary Word family:
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: exact
Government support will be essential if the project is to Adverbs: exactly
succeed. ADJECTIVE
Computers are an essential part of our lives. completely correct in every detail
Water is essential for/to living things. Dictionary examples:
It is essential that our prices remain competitive. The exact distance is 1.838 metres.
For the experiment to be valid, it is essential to record the I'm afraid I can't give you exact details.
data accurately. The exact location of the factory has yet to be decided.
Learner example: They've lived here a long time - 25 years to be exact.
Well, thirdly, rest is essential! Learner example:
I am looking forward to your next letter to know the exact
even /ˈIː.vən/ time of your [arrival].

ADVERB exactly /ɪgˈzækt.li/

EMPHASIS
used to emphasize a comparison Word family:
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: exact
Her last film was even better. Adverbs: exactly
The next 36 hours will be even colder, with snow showers ADVERB
just about everywhere. EMPHASIS
I think Alex is going to be even taller than his father. used to emphasize what you are saying
It's even more difficult to find work. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: I've found some shoes that are exactly the same colour as
When I saw her getting off the train I really was close to that dress.
break[ing] down because she looked even Do exactly what I tell you and no-one will get hurt!
more beautiful. That's exactly why I didn't go.
not even Learner example:
used to emphasize the fact that something does not That is exactly one of the reasons [why] I decided to join a
happen or is not true new English class.
Dictionary examples:
"I never cry." "Not even when you hurt yourself really examiner /ɪgˈzæm.ɪn.ər/
badly?"
Nobody spoke, not even the children. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: exam, examination, examiner
We tried to fish, but didn't catch a thing, not even a shoe! Verbs: examine
NOUN [C]
event /ɪˈvent/ someone who tests how much you know about something,
or how well you can do
Word family: something
Nouns: event Dictionary example:
Adjectives: eventful, uneventful The writing paper is marked by trained examiners.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
HAPPENING When the examiner said that I had passed, I could not
something that happens, especially something important or believe it.
unusual
Dictionary examples: except /ɪkˈsept/
Local people have been shocked by recent events in the
town. Word family:
The police are trying to determine the series of events Nouns: exception
that led up to the murder. Adjectives: exceptional
Learner example: Adverbs: exceptionally
I like this book because I like the description of historical PREPOSITION; CONJUNCTION
events. except that
RACE used to give a reason why something is not possible or true
a race, party, competition, etc. that has been organized for Dictionary examples:
a particular time I want to go, except that I'm tired.
Dictionary examples: She would have passed the exam, except that she was ill
Over two thousand people took part in the event. on the day.
They stage big sporting events here.
They organize a lot of social events. exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/
Learner example:
When there are parties or important social events, I usually NOUN
choose a dress to wear. GIVING
[C or U] when you give something to someone and they
ever /ˈev.ər/ give you something else
Dictionary examples:
ADVERB an exchange of ideas/information
hardly ever They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.
almost never Learner example:
Dictionary example: So, it was a very interesting exchange of ideas.

59
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

STUDENTS Also shopping for clothes is an excuse to go out with girls!!

[C] an arrangement by which students and teachers from
one country go to stay exercise /ˈek.sə.saɪz/
with students and teachers in another country
Dictionary example: VERB
Are you going on the French exchange this year? PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Learner example: [I or T] to do physical activities to make your body strong
His name is Rob and, [like] me, [he] applied to the student and healthy
exchange program. Dictionary examples:
VERB [T] She exercises most evenings, usually by running.
GIVING A work-out in the gym will exercise all the major muscle
to give something to someone and receive something groups.
similar from them Learner example:
Dictionary examples: It's funny how I heard about that; I was at the gym with
It's traditional for the two teams to exchange shirts after Sarah, we were exercising when we heard
the game. Tom talking about it with John.
We exchanged addresses and telephone numbers.
Learner example: exhausted /ɪgˈzɔː.stɪd/
She moved to another part of town and we forgot to
exchange our addresses. Word family:
Nouns: exhaustion
exchange rate /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒˌreɪt/ (ALSO rate of exchange) Verbs: exhaust
Adjectives: exhausted, exhausting, exhaustive
NOUN [C] ADJECTIVE
the rate at which the money of one country can be changed extremely tired
for the money of another country Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: By the time they reached the summit they were exhausted.
The Money Ready Reckoner gives the exchange rate for Exhausted, they fell asleep.
any country you plan to visit and shows how much currency Learner example:
you will get. When we got back home I was absolutely exhausted.
Learner example:
I looked around and saw a shop with the notice "Currency exhibition /ˌek.sɪˈbɪʃ.ən/
exchange". I decided to [go] in [to find out] the exchange
rate. Word family:
Nouns: exhibition, exhibit
excitedly /ɪkˈsaɪ.tɪd.li/ Verbs: exhibit
NOUN [C or U]
Word family: when objects such as paintings are shown to the public
Nouns: excitement Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: excited, exciting to see/visit an exhibition
Adverbs: excitedly an exhibition centre
ADVERB There's a new exhibition of sculpture on at the city gallery.
in an excited way Learner example:
Dictionary example: We went to the Royal Academy to see the Kandinsky
She ran excitedly down the hall to greet her cousins. exhibition.
Learner example:
We talked excitedly about it all the way home. exist /ɪgˈzɪst/

Word family:
excitement /ɪkˈsaɪt.mənt/ Nouns: existence
Verbs: exist
Word family: Adjectives: existing, non-existent
Nouns: excitement VERB [I]
Adjectives: excited, exciting BE REAL
Adverbs: excitedly to be present or real
NOUN [U] Dictionary examples:
when people feel very happy and enthusiastic Poverty still exists in this country.
Dictionary examples: Ghosts don't exist anyway.
The competition is causing a lot of excitement. Learner example:
If you want excitement, you should try parachuting. Buses will not exist any more and everyone will have his
Learner example: own car and his own computer too.
However, if you are looking for fun and excitement, I would
go for the city.
exit /ˈek.sɪt/
excuse /ɪkˈskjuːz/
VERB [I or T]
VERB [T]FORGIVE to stop using a program on a computer
to forgive someone Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: Press escape to exit the game.
Please excuse me for arriving late - the bus was delayed.
Please excuse my appearance - I've been painting. expect /ɪkˈspekt/
Learner example:
I hope you'll excuse me now, I have to do my homework. Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: expectation
REASON Verbs: expect
a reason that you give to explain why you did something Adjectives: expected, unexpected
wrong Adverbs: unexpectedly
Dictionary examples: VERB
What was his excuse for being late? THINK
He'd better have a good excuse for not being here! [T] to think or believe that something will happen
I've never known him to miss a meeting - I'm sure he'll Dictionary examples:
have an excuse. We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.
There's no excuse for that sort of behaviour. I expect (that) she'll be very angry.
Learner example: He didn't expect to see me.
I had no excuse to give [for] being late with this report. Learner example:
FALSE REASON I expect that it is going to be sunny because in the hotel
a false reason that you give to explain why you do there is a swimming-pool.
something be expecting sb/sth
Dictionary examples: to be waiting for someone or something to arrive
Nick was just looking for an excuse to call her. Dictionary example:
Any excuse for a holiday! I'm expecting a letter from my sister.
Learner example: Learner example:

60
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

I wasn't expecting any message. a computer/gardening/medical expert

He's an expert on Japanese literature.
expedition /ˌek.spəˈdɪʃ.ən/ Learner example:
My "personal" trainer is Peter, he is a real expert in running.
NOUN [C]
an organized journey, especially a long one for a particular explanation /ˌek.spləˈneɪ.ʃən/
purpose
Dictionary example: Word family:
Shackleton led several expeditions in the Antarctic. Nouns: explanation
Learner example: Verbs: explain
I was with my father on Mount Tahan [and] I had the best Adjectives: inexplicable
time of my life during this expedition. NOUN [C or U]
the details or reasons that someone gives to make
experience /ɪkˈspɪə.ri.ənts/ something clear or easy to understand
Dictionary examples:
Word family: What was her explanation for why she was late?
Nouns: experience Could you give me a quick explanation of how it works?
Verbs: experience Learner example:
Adjectives: experienced, inexperienced There must be some kind of explanation.
NOUN
KNOWLEDGE explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/
[U] knowledge that you get from doing a job, or from doing,
seeing, or feeling Word family:
something Nouns: explosion, explosive
Dictionary examples: Verbs: explode
She has a lot of teaching experience. Adjectives: explosive
You become more confident in your work as you get more VERB [I or T]
experience. If something such as a bomb explodes, it bursts with noise
Do you have any experience of working with children? and force, and if you
I know from experience that you can't trust him. explode it, you make it burst with noise and force.
In my experience, people smile back if you smile at them. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: A bomb exploded at one of London's busiest railway
I believe as I get more experience, I will be converted to an stations this morning.
international [basketball] player. He was driving so fast that his car tyre exploded.
SOMETHING THAT HAPPENS TO YOU Learner example:
[C] something that happens to you that affects how you A bomb had exploded and that boy rescued me from the
feel accident.
Dictionary examples:
I had a rather unpleasant experience at the dentist's. explore /ɪkˈsplɔːr/
My trip to Australia was an experience I shall never forget.
Learner example: Word family:
It was a great experience, we talked for 3 hours about lots Nouns: exploration
of thing[s]. Verbs: explore
VERB [T] VERB
If you experience something, it happens to you, or you feel LOOK AROUND
it. [I or T] to go around a place where you have never been in
Dictionary examples: order to find out what is there
We experienced a lot of difficulty in selling our house. Dictionary examples:
It was the worst pain I'd ever experienced. The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.
Learner example: The children have gone exploring in the woods.
We had three fantastic days [- the best] we have ever Learner example:
experienced. You can walk and explore in the jungle.

experienced /ɪkˈspɪə.ri.əntst/ APPROVING extra /ˈek.strə/

Word family: ADVERB

Nouns: experience more
Verbs: experience Dictionary example:
Adjectives: experienced, inexperienced They pay her extra to work nights.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
having skill or knowledge because you have done Will there be any special events that cost extra?
something many times NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: ANOTHER THING
an experienced teacher something that you can get with something else if you pay
She is very experienced in marketing. a little more money
Learner example: Dictionary example:
You can go to the nearest village, where you can [do a] A sunroof is an optional extra on this model of the car.
mountain walk led by experienced guides. Learner example:
The DVD contains many extras.
experiment /ɪkˈsper.ə.mənt/
extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔː.dɪn.ər.i/
Word family:
Nouns: experiment Word family:
Verbs: experiment Adjectives: extraordinary
Adjectives: experimental Adverbs: extraordinarily
NOUN [C]a test, especially a scientific one, that you do in ADJECTIVE
order to learn something or to very special, unusual or strange
discover whether something is true Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: He told the extraordinary story of his escape.
Some people believe that experiments on animals should She was an extraordinary young woman.
be banned. Learner example:
Scientists are carrying out/doing experiments to test the On the next day there was an extraordinary thunderstorm!
effectiveness of the new drug.
Learner example:
In the chemistry lab experiments are often set up.
extremely /ɪkˈstriːm.li/
expert /ˈek.spɜːt/
Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: extremist
someone who has a lot of skill in something or a lot of Adjectives: extreme
knowledge of something Adverbs: extremely
Dictionary examples: ADVERB

61
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

very, or much more than usual Dictionary examples:

Dictionary examples: We met Rebecca for lunch. In fact, we spent the whole
They played extremely well. afternoon with her.
She's extremely beautiful/intelligent. I was told there were some tickets left but in fact they were
Learner example: sold out.
The film was extremely funny. Learner example:
The club has its own small clubhouse, with many things in
extreme sports /ɪkˌstriːmˈspɔːts/ it. For example, there was a big
pinball-game and some computers. In fact it was the best
NOUN [C or U] clubhouse I've ever seen.
a sport or activity that is exciting and dangerous
Dictionary example: fair /feər/
I love most extreme sports, such as bungee jumping and
white-water rafting. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: fairness
You can go camping, climb mountains or learn a lot of Adjectives: fair, unfair
extreme sports. Adverbs: fairly, unfairly
ADJECTIVE
eye /aɪ/ EQUAL
treating everyone in the same way, so that no one has an
NOUN [C] advantage
not believe your eyes Dictionary examples:
to be very surprised when you see someone or something That's not fair! You always go first!
Dictionary example: It's not fair to make me do all the work.
I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw what he was wearing. a fair trial
Learner example: I can't spend all my time with one child - it wouldn't be fair
Well, this church was extremely simple [o]n the outside, but on the others.
when I got inside it, I couldn't believe my eyes. Learner example:
Even though she thought her m[u]m wasn't being fair, she
face /feɪs/ decided to go and try to have a nice
day with her family.
Word family: REASONABLE
Nouns: face acceptable, reasonable or right
Verbs: face Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: facial a fair deal
NOUN He offered a fair price for the car.
make a face That's a fair comment/question.
to show with your face that you do not like someone or Learner example:
something You may ask yourself: "What do you do in a club?" Well, it's
Dictionary example: a fair question!!!
Joe made a face when he saw what was for lunch. NOUN [C]
Learner example: EVENT
Making a face, I slapped my forehead. an event outside where you can ride large machines for
VERB pleasure and play games
DIRECTION to win prizes
[I or T] to be or turn in a particular direction Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: The children spent all their money on rides at the fair.
Our house faces north/south/east/west. Learner example:
She turned to face him. For example in the morning we can go to a fair, like Six
The café faces (towards) the sea. Flags. I think that it will be exciting.
Learner example:
There is a desk [to] the right of the room which faces my fairly /ˈfeə.li/
bed.
Word family:
face to face /ˌfeɪs.təˈfeɪs/ Nouns: fairness
Adjectives: fair, unfair
ADVERB Adverbs: fairly, unfairly
directly, meeting someone in the same place ADVERB
Dictionary example: QUITE
We need to talk face to face. more than average, but less than very
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I need to talk to her face to face. a fairly big family
She's fairly tall.
face-to-face /ˌfeɪs.təˈfeɪs/ We get on fairly well.
I saw her fairly recently.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
involving two people who are meeting in the same place The weather was fairly warm.
Dictionary example:
a face-to-face meeting fall /fɔːl/

VERB [I] (fell, fallen)

BECOME LOWER
facilities /fəˈsɪl.ɪ.tiz/ to become lower in size, amount or strength
Dictionary examples:
Word family: Demand for new cars has fallen recently.
Nouns: facilities, facility The standard of his work has fallen during the year.
Verbs: facilitate The temperature could fall below zero overnight.
NOUN [PLURAL] Average temperatures fell by ten degrees.
the buildings, equipment and services provided for a The pound has fallen to its lowest-ever level against the
particular purpose dollar.
Dictionary examples: Share prices fell sharply this week.
childcare facilities Learner example:
sports facilities It fell steadily until 1960, and remained [at] 3% until 1987.
Learner example: fall asleep/ill
The city has more facilities than the countryside. to start to sleep or become ill
Dictionary example:
fact /fækt/ I fell asleep on the sofa watching TV.
Learner example:
NOUN I planned to go with my cousin but unfortunately she fell ill,
in fact so I had to go with my friend.
used to emphasize what is really true, or to give more fall in love
information to start to love someone

62
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary example: So far I like it here very much.

I was 20 when I first fell in love.
Learner example: fare /feər/
I fell in love with David.
NOUN [C USUALLY NO PLURAL] NOUN [C]
LOWER AMOUNT the money that you pay for a journey on a vehicle such as a
when the size, amount or strength of something gets lower bus or train
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
the recent fall in the price of petrol Air/Bus/Train fares are going up again.
a fall in the unemployment rate Learner example:
We could hear the rise and fall of voices in the other room. In fact, there are buses (number 843 and 845) which go [to]
Learner example: my village but the bus fare is very expensive for me.
There is a fall in job vacancies.
farming /ˈfɑː.mɪŋ/
false /fɒls/
Word family:
ADJECTIVE Nouns: farm, farmer, farming
NOT CORRECT NOUN [U]
not true or correct the activity of working on a farm or organizing the work
Dictionary examples: there
a false name Dictionary example:
false information modern farming practices
The rumour later turned out to be false. Learner example:
You'll get a false impression/idea of the town if you only I am interested in farming and hope to own a farm one day.
visit the university.
Learner example: fashion /ˈfæʃ.ən/
I must say that the advertisement for the show included a
lot of false information. Word family:
Nouns: fashion
familiar /fəˈmɪl.i.ər/ Adjectives: fashionable
NOUN
Word family: BUSINESS
Verbs: familiarize [U] making and selling clothes
Adjectives: familiar, unfamiliar Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE the fashion industry
EASY TO RECOGNIZE fashion magazines
easy to recognize because of being seen, met, heard, etc. Learner example:
before When I'm tired, I like reading fashion magazines.
Dictionary examples:
There were one or two familiar faces. fashionable /ˈfæʃ.ən.ə.bl̩/
The house looked strangely familiar, though she knew
she'd never been there before. Word family:
The street was familiar to me. Nouns: fashion
Learner example: Adjectives: fashionable
Someone started to wave and then I saw a familiar face. ADJECTIVE
popular at a particular time
family /ˈfæm.əl.i/ Dictionary examples:
a fashionable nightclub/restaurant
NOUN fashionable clothes
CHILDREN It's no longer fashionable to smoke.
[C + SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB] the children of a Learner example:
family There are some fashionable cafes, restaurants and
Dictionary examples: museums.
Single parents have to raise a family on their own.
Paul and Alison are hoping to start a family soon. fasten /ˈfɑː.sən/
Learner example:
Some people also want to [have] a family because they VERB
want to be a father or a mother. CLOSE/FIX
[I or T] to close or fix something together, or to become
fan /fæn/ closed or fixed together
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] Fasten your seat belt.
MACHINE/OBJECT This shirt fastens at the back.
something that is used to move the air around so that it Learner example:
feels cooler, such as a machine or an object that you move She fell fast asleep and only woke to the sound of the
with your hand announcement: "Ladies and gent[le]men
Dictionary example: fasten your seat belts [-] in a couple of minutes we will be
There was no air conditioning, just a ceiling fan turning landing in Kingston".
slowly.
Learner example: fault /fɒlt/
Since it's quite hot here I brought a fan. I have to use it at
night otherwise I can't get to sleep. Word family:
Nouns: fault
fancy /ˈfænt.si/ Adjectives: faulty, faultless
NOUN
VERB [T] sb's fault
WANT If something bad that has happened is someone's fault,
to want to have or do something they are responsible for it.
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Do you fancy a drink this evening? She believes it was the doctor's fault that Peter died.
I didn't fancy swimming in that water. It's not my fault she didn't come!
Learner example: Learner example:
Do you fancy eating at the restaurant together? "It's my fault" I said and he answered "Never mind, it's all
ok".
far /fɑːr/
favour /ˈfeɪ.vər/
ADVERB (farther, farthest or further, furthest)
so far Word family:
until now Nouns: favour, favourite
Dictionary example: Verbs: favour
So far we've made thirty-two thousand pounds. Adjectives: favourable, favourite, unfavourable
Learner example: NOUN

63
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

HELP Dictionary examples:

[C] something that you do to help someone I feel as if I've known you for ages.
Dictionary examples: It feels like I've been here forever and yet it's only been
She rang up to ask me a favour. three months.
Could you do me a favour - could you give this to Sean, Learner example:
please? I feel like I've been here for ages.
Learner example: feel like sth/doing sth
Could you do me a favour? to have a wish for something, or to want to do something,
favourite /ˈfeɪ.vrət/ at a particular moment
Dictionary examples:
Word family: I feel like going for a swim.
Nouns: favour, favourite I feel like a nice cool glass of lemonade.
Verbs: favour "Are you coming to aerobics?" "No, I don't feel like it
Adjectives: favourable, favourite, unfavourable today."
NOUN [C] He was so rude I felt like hitting him.
LIKED BEST Learner example:
a thing that someone likes best or enjoys most The weather is warm and I feel like swimming.
Dictionary example: feel like sb/sth
How clever of you to buy chocolate chip cookies - they're to seem to be similar to a type of person, thing, or situation
my favourites. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: My feet feel like blocks of ice.
We are going to see a thriller film, they are my favourites. I felt like a fool when I saw what everyone else was
wearing.
fax /fæks/ Learner example:
In front of these big towers, I feel like a tiny insect!
VERB [T] THINK/HAVE OPINION
to send a document using a fax machine [I or T] to think something or have an opinion
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
Fax me your reply/Fax your reply to me. I feel (that) I should be doing more to help her.
Learner example: Do you feel very strongly about this?
I will ask one of my classmate[s] to fax me the work you I feel certain I'm right.
[set], and I will try to do it. Learner example:
The more he got close to this man, the more he felt sure it
fear /fɪər/ was Chris, who died in a car crash in April 1972.
feel sorry for
Word family: to feel sympathy for someone because they are in a difficult
Nouns: fear situation
Verbs: fear Dictionary example:
Adjectives: fearful, fearless I feel so sorry for the children - it must be really hard for
NOUN [C or U] them.
BAD FEELING Learner example:
a strong, unpleasant feeling that you get when you think Anyway, I feel sorry for her and I wonder: what would I do if
that something bad, I were her?
dangerous, or frightening might happen feel at home
Dictionary examples: to feel happy and confident in a place or situation
her fear of snakes Dictionary example:
Shaking/Trembling with fear, she handed over the After a month she felt at home in her new job.
money to the gunman. Learner example:
There are fears that the disease will spread to other I explained: "I was in Manchester for just 10 month[s] and
countries. [during] that time the people from there made me feel at
Fears for her safety are growing. home [so] I feel proud to have the accent."
The low profit figures simply confirmed my worst fears.
Learner example: feeling /ˈfiː.lɪŋ/
I was afraid to eat [it] but after the first bite, I lost my fear.
Word family:
fee /fiː/ Nouns: feeling
Verbs: feel
NOUN [C] NOUN
an amount of money that you pay to do something, to use EMOTION
something, or to get a [C or U] emotion
service Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: a feeling of joy/sadness
university/college fees The feeling of loneliness was suddenly too much for him.
an entrance/registration fee Her performance seemed to me completely lacking in
Learner example: feeling.
Due to the fact that the centre is new and very big, the fee Learner example:
is quite high, about a hundred euros When I'm walking alone I can think about all my feelings,
for three months. combine them into one and the name of this feeling is love.
feelings
feed /fiːd/ Your feelings are your beliefs and emotions, especially
those influenced by other people.
VERB (fed, fed) Dictionary examples:
GIVE FOOD You can't hide your feelings from me.
[T] to give food to a person, group or animal I didn't want to hurt his feelings, so I didn't tell him what
Dictionary examples: she'd said about him.
I usually feed the neighbour's cat while she's away. Learner example:
Let's feed the kids first and have our dinner after. I can't explain my feelings.
If you feed your dog on cakes and biscuits, it's not IDEA
surprising he's so fat. [C] an idea that something is true or exists
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
You can also ride horses and feed animals like rabbits, birds I had the strange feeling that we had met before.
and hamsters. I got the feeling that she was unhappy with the
arrangement.
feel /fiːl/ Learner example:
When I saw the policeman['s] face I got a bad feeling about
Word family: this man. He d[id]n't look like a cop but he was [dressed]
Nouns: feeling like one, so I decide[d] to stay away from this guy.
Verbs: feel PHYSICAL SENSE
VERB (felt, felt) [C or U] when you feel something physical
feel like/as if Dictionary examples:
to have a feeling or idea about something that you have I've got this odd feeling in my stomach.
experienced even though it is not true My toes were so cold that I'd lost all feeling in them.

64
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: Usually there are very few people, so it's a great place to
After one hour I was home and still had the feeling of warm escape from busy towns.
rain touching my skin.
fiction /ˈfɪk.ʃən/
female /ˈfiː.meɪl/
Word family:
ADJECTIVE Nouns: fiction
belonging or relating to women, or to the sex that can Adjectives: fictional
produce eggs or have NOUN
babies STORIES
Dictionary examples: [U] literature and stories about imaginary characters and
a female athlete/employee events
female cats/elephants Dictionary examples:
She was voted the best female vocalist. The book is a work of fiction and not intended as a
Learner example: historical account.
All my female friends at school say that he is [an] attractive a writer of children's fiction
young man. Learner example:
In his fiction, one can detect traces of different literary
ferry /ˈfer.i/ schools.

NOUN [C] field /fiːld/

a boat that regularly carries passengers and often vehicles
across an area of water NOUN
Dictionary examples: SPORTS GROUND
a car ferry [C] an area of grass used for playing sport
We're going across to France by/on the ferry. Dictionary examples:
We took the ferry to Calais. the school playing/sports field
Learner example: a football/hockey/rugby field
We are planning to go to the "Red Island", which is just 15 Learner example:
minutes from Rovigno by ferry. They filmed our sports fields and our classroom.

festival /ˈfes.tɪ.vəl/ fifth /fɪfθ/

NOUN [C] NOUN [C]

PERFORMANCES one of five equal parts of something
a series of special events, performances, etc. that often Dictionary example:
takes place over several One fifth is the same as 20 percent.
days
Dictionary examples: fight /faɪt/
a folk/pop/rock festival
The Aldeburgh Festival is held every year in June. Word family:
the Cannes Film Festival Nouns: fight, fighting
Learner example: Verbs: fight
I d[e]cided to go to that city because of the film festival that VERB (fought, fought)
was going to happen. USE FORCE
CELEBRATION ! [I or T] to use physical force to try to defeat another
a special day or period when people celebrate something, person or group of people
especially a religious Dictionary examples:
event Two men were fighting outside the park.
Dictionary example: Sam's always fighting with his little brother.
the Jewish festival of Hanukkah Learner example:
Learner example: She was very tired and afraid, so I decided to help her [by]
I like to dress up traditional[l]y during festivals. going to the "Blue Forest", and I remember I fought with the
wizards.
fetch /fetʃ/ NOUN [C]
PHYSICAL FORCE
VERB [T] when people use physical force to hurt or attack others
to go to another place to get something or someone and Dictionary examples:
bring them back Jeff's always getting into/starting fights.
Dictionary examples: The older boys broke up the fight.
Could you fetch my glasses for me from the other room, He put up a fight when the police tried to arrest him.
please? Learner example:
I have to fetch my mother from the station. My son got into a fight on his way from the school to the
Learner example: house and he had a black eye.
I'll come and fetch you at 7 o'clock.
figure /ˈfɪg.ər/
fever /ˈfiː.vər/
NOUN [C]
NOUN NUMBER
ILLNESS the symbol for a number or an amount expressed in
[C or U] when someone's body temperature rises because numbers
they are ill Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: Can you read this figure? Is it a three or an eight?
He's got a headache and a high/slight fever. Write the amount in both words and figures.
Learner example: I looked quickly down the column of figures.
I understood that she was alone with her brother and he He earns a six-figure salary.
has [a] fever. Learner example:
More than 5,000 were present, so I don't understand why
few /fjuː/ you mention the figure 2,000.
BODY SHAPE
DETERMINER; ADJECTIVE; PRONOUN the shape of someone's body, usually an attractive shape
NOT MANY Dictionary example:
a small number, not many or not enough She's got a good figure.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
He is among the few people I can trust. She has long blond hair and blue eyes. She has a good
Very few people can afford to pay those prices. figure.
Few of the children can read or write yet.
We get few complaints. fill /fɪl/
According to the survey, as few as 10% of us are happy
with our jobs. VERB
Learner example: TAKE SPACE

65
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

[T] If people or things fill a space, there are a lot of them in BECOME AWARE
it. to become aware that something exists or has happened
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Dark clouds filled the sky. We came home to find (that) the cat had had kittens.
The streets were filled with tourists. I found (that) I could easily swim 1000 metres.
Learner example: Learner example:
Suddenly clouds filled the sky with darkness. I found that the food inside there is very nice.
BE NOTICEABLE find sb/sth easy/boring/funny, etc.
[T] If light, sound, or a smell fills a place, you can easily to think or feel a particular way about someone or
notice it. something
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
The smell of smoke filled the room. Do you find Clive difficult to talk to?
Learner example: She doesn't find it easy to talk about her problems.
The class was filled with the sound of laughing. I find living in the city quite stressful.
I found her very helpful.
film /fɪlm/ Learner example:
I found it very amusing.
VERB [I or T] find the money/time, etc.
to record moving pictures with a camera, usually to make a to have or get enough money/time, etc. to do something
film Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: Where do you find the money to do all these things?
Most of the scenes were filmed in a studio. Learner example:
They filmed for a week in Spain. I hope you will keep fit and find the time to do everything.
Learner example:
So he had put it into his cupboard which was [just] open fine /faɪn/
and the burglar hadn't noticed the
camera which filmed all his actions. Word family:
Adjectives: fine
film-maker (ALSO filmmaker) /ˈfɪlm.meɪ.kər/ Adverbs: finely
ADJECTIVE
NOUN [C] SUNNY
a film director, especially an independent one who has sunny and not raining
control over how the film is Dictionary example:
made If it's fine tomorrow, we could have a picnic.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
one of the industry's top film-makers. Today the weather is fine and warm.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
The plot [i]s about a film-maker and his difficulties [in] an amount of money that you must pay for breaking a rule
finish[ing] his last film. or law
Dictionary examples:
final /ˈfaɪ.nəl/ She had to pay a fine.
a parking fine
Word family: The maximum penalty is a $1000 fine.
Nouns: final If found guilty, he faces a heavy fine.
Adjectives: final Learner example:
Adverbs: finally She was made to pay a fine and she wasn't sent to prison.
NOUN [C]
the last in a series of games, races or competitions, usually finish /ˈfɪn.ɪʃ/
the one in which the winner is chosen
Dictionary examples: VERB
They're in the final. USE COMPLETELY
Last year we got through to the final. [T] to eat, drink or use something completely so that none
The men's basketball final will be on Sunday. remains
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
We were in the final, but we lost. He finished his coffee and left.
We finished the pie last night.
finally /ˈfaɪ.nə.li/ Learner example:
After Maria finished her coffee, she got the man's phone
Word family: and left the cafe.
Nouns: final finish first/second, etc.
Adjectives: final to be in the first/second, etc. winning position at the end of
Adverbs: finally a race or competition
ADVERB Dictionary example:
LAST POINT Her horse finished fourth.
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce Learner example:
the last point or idea I finished third; it is good even if we were only 7.
Dictionary example: NOUN [C]
Finally, I'd like to thank everyone for coming this evening. LAST PART
Learner example: the end of a race, or the last part of something
Finally, I want you to say hi [to] everybody and I am looking Dictionary examples:
forward to see[ing] you. a close finish
They replayed the finish in slow motion.
financial /faɪˈnæn.tʃəl/ Learner example:
We [had] a race and I [came] second [at] the finish.
Word family:
Nouns: finance fire /faɪər/
Verbs: finance
Adjectives: financial NOUN
Adverbs: financially catch fire
ADJECTIVE to start burning
relating to money or how money is managed Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: The car crashed and caught fire.
They're having a few financial difficulties at the moment. Learner example:
a financial adviser One of the new machines that I had brought from Germany
Learner example: had caught fire.
The person described himself as a financial officer of a on fire
South African government and needs a contact person in If something is on fire, it is burning when it should not be.
Switzerland to transfer 200 m dollar[s]. Dictionary example:
If your home was on fire and you could save only one thing,
find /faɪnd/ what would it be?
Learner example:
VERB [T] (found, found) A lot of bu[i]ldings were on fire.

66
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NATURAL HEAT Tonight sees the first of three documentaries about cancer.
[C] a small controlled fire that is used for heating or She was one of the first to arrive.
cooking He is the first to admit that much of his success is due to
Dictionary examples: his good looks.
It's very cold in here - should I light a fire? Learner example:
We built a fire on the beach. I prefer the first because it's an exciting story of a cat that
We put up our tents and made a small fire. escapes from a dangerous house lived
Learner example: [in] by an aggressive dog.
In the evenings we sat down [o]n the grass round a fire and
talked to each other. first-floor /ˈfɜːst.flɔː/

firefighter /ˈfaɪəˌfaɪ.tər/ ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN]

on the first floor
NOUN [C] Dictionary example:
a person whose job is to stop fires from burning a first-floor flat/apartment/office
Dictionary example:
His cousin works as a firefighter. fish /fɪʃ/
Learner example:
We could see firefighters and ambulances coming from all Word family:
over the premises! Nouns: fish, fishing
Verbs: fish
fire station /ˈfaɪəˌsteɪ.ʃən/ VERB [I]
to try to catch fish
NOUN [C] Dictionary example:
the building where fire engines are kept and firefighters They're fishing for tuna.
wait for emergencies Learner example:
Dictionary example: In the countryside the air is pure and you can fish in lakes
We visited our local fire station. or walk in fields.
Learner example:
I only saw M[r]. Bean from my class[room] window - they fit /fɪt/
were filming him running to the fire station.
Word family:
firework /ˈfaɪə.wɜːk/ Nouns: fitness
Adjectives: fit
NOUN [C] VERB (-tt-)
a small object that explodes to produce a loud noise and CORRECT SIZE
bright colours, often [I or T] to be the right size or shape for someone or
used to celebrate special events something
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a firework display That jacket fits you perfectly.
When it gets dark we'll let off/set off the fireworks. These jeans don't fit me any more.
What time do the fireworks start? I can't find a lid to fit this jar.
Learner example: Learner example:
We have spent three days [at] Disneyland, watching Sometimes I like the style and colour but when I wear them
fireworks every night. I see that they don't fit me.
fit (sth) in/into/through/under, etc.
firm /fɜːm/ If people or things fit somewhere, or if you can fit them
somewhere, that place is big enough for them.
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: firm How many people can you fit in your car?
Adverbs: firmly This radio is small enough to fit into my pocket.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
a company or business The desk has to be very small and has to fit into the corner,
Dictionary examples: because there is not much space left in my bedroom.
He works for a law firm called Neil and Vigliano.
He's just started working for an accountancy firm/a firm of fitness /ˈfɪt.nəs/
accountants in Bristol.
Learner example: Word family:
I have to improve my knowledge of English because I have Nouns: fitness
the opportunity to work for an English Adjectives: fit
law firm. NOUN [U]
the condition of being physically strong and healthy
first /fɜːst/ Dictionary example:
I'm trying to improve my fitness by cycling to work.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: first I specially like fitness lessons.
Adjectives: first
Adverbs: first, firstly fix /fɪks/
ADVERB
FIRST TIME Word family:
for the first time Verbs: fix
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: fixed
When did you first meet each other? VERB [T]
I first heard the song on the radio. REPAIR
Learner example: to repair something
I first heard of it [o]n the radio and then I saw a leaflet Dictionary example:
about it. They couldn't fix my old computer, so I bought a new one.
at first Learner example:
at the beginning of a situation or period of time I had an accident [yesterday] and I need to fix my car.
Dictionary example:
At first I thought she was unfriendly, but actually she's just flag /flæg/
shy.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
At first, when I arrived I was very nervous because I didn't a piece of cloth with a special design and colours, that is
know anyone, but then a girl started the symbol of a country
talking to me and I felt better. or a group, or has a particular meaning
NOUN Dictionary examples:
the first the French flag
the first person or thing to do or be something, or the first Flags of all twenty-seven countries are flying outside the
person or thing building.
mentioned The guard waved his flag and the train pulled away from
Dictionary examples: the station.

67
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: AREA

And about my present from the USA: I really would like to an area where a particular activity happens
have an authentic American flag, to Dictionary example:
decorate my bedroom ceiling. a dance floor
Learner example:
flat /flæt/ It has got a very big dance floor with a skil[l]ful jazz band.

Word family: flour /flaʊər/

Verbs: flatten
Adjectives: flat NOUN [U]
Adverbs: flat powder made from grain, especially wheat, used for making
ADJECTIVE (flatter, flattest) bread, cakes, pasta,
LEVEL pastry, etc.
level and smooth, with no curved, high, or hollow parts Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: Add the flour to the eggs and milk.
An ice rink needs to be completely flat. Learner example:
Roll out the pastry on a flat surface. He told the family that it was arseni[c] in the flour.
Much of the countryside in East Anglia is very flat.
Learner example: flow /fləʊ/
The countryside is very flat and for this kind of holiday it's
really perfect!! Word family:
LOW Nouns: flow
Flat shoes do not raise your feet far from the ground. Verbs: flow, overflow
Dictionary example: VERB [I]
Wear flat shoes - you'll be on your feet all day. If something such as a liquid flows, it moves somewhere in
Learner example: a smooth, continuous
In your last letter you wanted me to tell you about clothes. way.
Well, as you know I'm tall so I always Dictionary examples:
wear flat shoes in light colours like white, light green and The river flows from the Andes into the Pacific Ocean.
blue. With fewer cars on the roads, traffic is flowing more
smoothly than usual.
Learner example:
flavour /ˈfleɪ.vər/ There are many lakes around there, all made by the
melt[ed] ice that flows down the mountains.
NOUN
TASTE flu /fluː/
[C or U] how food or drink tastes, or a particular taste itself
Dictionary examples: NOUN [U]
Add a little salt to bring out the flavour of the herbs. an infectious illness which is like a very bad cold, but which
My fish was delicious but Juan's beef had almost no flavour. causes a fever
We sell 32 different flavours of ice cream. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: a flu virus
The only downside of our grandparents' diet [wa]s a lack of I had the flu last week.
choice: there w[as]n't all this variety Learner example:
we have today, like "zillions" of flavours of ice-cream. I hope you're fine and you don't have the flu any more.

float /fləʊt/ flute /fluːt/

VERB NOUN [C]

NOT SINK a musical instrument in the shape of a tube that is held out
[I or T] to stay on the surface of a liquid and not sink, or to to the side and played
make something do this by blowing across a hole at one end
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
Leaves were floating on the surface. Ellen started learning the flute at the age of 12.
We spent a lazy afternoon floating along/down the river. Learner example:
He tossed the bottle into the waves and watched it float out Now I know [the] history of [the] violin, flute, cello, viola,
to sea. oboe, etc.
Learner example:
Finally we were floating on the sea, admiring the famous fly /flaɪ/
bay.
MOVE IN AIR Word family:
[I] to stay in the air, or move gently through the air Nouns: flight
Dictionary examples: Verbs: fly
Fluffy white clouds were floating across the sky. NOUN [C]
The sound of piano-playing floated out through the open a small insect with two wings
window. Dictionary example:
Learner example: There were a lot of flies around.
Suddenly, I saw a "thing" floating by the window, making Learner example:
noises and like nothing human. In the afternoon we were just lying like dead flies on our
beds.
flood /flʌd/
fold /fəʊld/
VERB [I or T]
COVER WITH WATER Word family:
If a place floods or is flooded, it becomes covered in water. Nouns: folder
Dictionary examples: Verbs: fold
The town was flooded when the river burst its banks. VERB [I or T]
Our washing machine broke down yesterday and flooded If you fold paper, cloth, etc., you bend it so that one part of
the kitchen. it lies flat on top of another part.
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
The city was flooded and too many people were dead. I folded the letter in half and put it in an envelope.
NOUN [C] Will you help me to fold up the sheets?
WATER He had a neatly folded handkerchief in his jacket pocket.
a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry Learner example:
Dictionary example: And the next morning, I was here again to help them
After the flood it took weeks for the water level to go down. folding their stuff.
Learner example:
It was windy and raining with lots of floods. folder /ˈfəʊl.dər/

floor /flɔːr/ Word family:

Nouns: folder
NOUN [C] Verbs: fold

68
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NOUN [C] Verbs: fool

ON COMPUTER Adjectives: foolish
a place on a computer where particular files are kept Adverbs: foolishly
Dictionary example: NOUN
I made a new folder on the C drive. PERSON
Learner example: [C] a stupid person
Computers are very important because we work with them, Dictionary examples:
[and] we keep our secret folders and files in [them]. I was a fool to trust him.
I felt a complete fool.
folk /fəʊk/ He's a fool if he thinks she's interested.
Learner example:
NOUN [U] When I heard my favourite song, I jumped like a crazy fool
music written and played in a traditional style and everybody looked at me.
Dictionary example:
There are several venues for folk and jazz in the city. foot /fʊt/ (PLURAL feet)
Learner example:
I can sing most kinds of songs, such as pop music, folk. NOUN [C]
ADJECTIVE MEASUREMENT
folk art/dancing, etc. a unit of measurement, equal to twelve inches or 0.3048
the traditional style of art, dancing, etc. among a particular metres
group of people Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: The man was standing only a few feet away.
She's studied the folk art of the region. She is five feet/foot three inches tall.
Learner example: She is 5′ 3″ tall.
There are a lot of folk stories in Lithuania, [and] I would like Learner example:
to tell you one of them. The room is about 150 square feet, rectangular in shape,
with a window opposite the door and a
follow /ˈfɒl.əʊ/ pair of sliding doors to the balcony at one end.

Word family: for /fɔːr/

Nouns: following, follower
Verbs: follow PREPOSITION
Adjectives: following HELP
VERB in order to help someone
HAPPEN AFTER Dictionary example:
[I or T] to happen or come after something I'll carry those bags for you.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
There was a bang, followed by a cloud of smoke. I'd like to do something helpful for them.
The meal consisted of smoked salmon, followed by Welsh REPRESENTING
lamb. being employed by or representing a company, country,
We were not prepared for the events that followed. etc.
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
In the first lesson we started with some games, followed by She works for a charity.
work activities, like role plays and He plays football for Cambridge United.
presentations. He used to swim for his country when he was younger.
OBEY Learner example:
[T] to do what someone or something says you should do He works for a company in Mexico.
Dictionary examples: for ever
Follow the instructions on the back of the packet always in the future
carefully. Dictionary example:
I decided to follow her advice and go to bed early. I'm not going to live here for ever.
I was just following orders. Learner example:
Learner example: My friend was leaving the city for ever and [going] to a city
I think I should follow her advice, shouldn't I? in another country.
UNDERSTAND for fun or for the fun of it
[I or T] to understand something for pleasure and not for any other reason
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
Could you repeat that? I didn't quite follow what you said. I ran but just for fun.
Learner example: Learner example:
It is very hard to follow the lesson because I can'[t] Fortunately I discovered that [the email] wasn't for me. I
concentrate on the vocabulary. didn't appreciate that there were people that were sending
things like that just for fun.
following /ˈfɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ/ for sure
without any doubts
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: following, follower I think he's Canadian but I don't know for sure.
Verbs: follow One thing's for sure - once the baby's born, your lives will
Adjectives: following never be the same again.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
the following day/morning, etc. For sure, you'll love Brazil.
the next day/morning, etc. for instance
Dictionary example: for example
We met again the following afternoon. Dictionary example:
Learner example: In the electronics industry, for instance, 5000 jobs are being
I could give it back to you the following day. lost.
Learner example:
fond /fɒnd/ For instance, you can do mountain walks.

ADJECTIVE
be fond of sb/sth forbidden /fəˈbɪd.ən/
to like someone or something
Dictionary examples: Word family:
She was very fond of horses. Verbs: forbid
I'm very fond of her. Adjectives: forbidden
My brother is fond of pointing out my mistakes. ADJECTIVE
Learner example: not allowed, especially by law
My boyfriend is very fond of cycling. Dictionary example:
Smoking is forbidden in the cinema.
fool /fuːl/ Learner example:
She explained to me how this school works, what is allowed
Word family: and what is forbidden.
Nouns: fool

69
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

forecast /ˈfɔː.kɑːst/ Dictionary examples:

She never forgave her mother for lying to her.
NOUN [C] He had betrayed her and she never forgave him.
a report saying what the weather is likely to be like I'd never forgive myself if anything happened to the kids.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
The weather forecast said it was going to rain later today. I will never forgive him.
Learner example:
The weather forecast is not so good for the next two days: form /fɔːm/
rain and wind.
Word family:
Nouns: form, formation, transformation
Verbs: form, transform
forehead /ˈfɔː.hed/ NOUN [C]
GRAMMAR
NOUN [C] a way of writing or saying a word that shows if it is singular
the flat part of the face, above the eyes and below the hair or plural, past or present, etc.
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
She's got a high forehead. The continuous form of 'stand' is 'standing'.
Learner example: 'Hers' is the possessive form of 'her'.
Suddenly, the girl found herself in front of the man, holding 'Isn't' is the short form of 'is not'.
a gun against her forehead. SCHOOL GROUP
a school class or group of classes for students of the same
foreigner /ˈfɒr.ə.nər/ age or ability
Dictionary example:
Word family: He's in the third form.
Nouns: foreigner Learner example:
Adjectives: foreign I was about 11 years old and I was in the sixth and last form
NOUN [C] of elementary.
a person who comes from another country VERB
Dictionary example: COMBINE
I was so obviously a foreigner. [T] to make something by combining different parts
Learner example: Dictionary example:
I started my new English class last week, because I really In English, you form the present participle by adding -ing to
want to master English for my dream, to teach Japanese for the verb.
foreigners.
former /ˈfɔː.mər/
forever (ALSO for ever) /fəˈre.vər/
Word family:
ADVERB Adjectives: former
IN FUTURE Adverbs: formerly
for all time in the future ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN]
Dictionary example: happening, existing or true in the past but not now
I'll love you forever. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: his former wife
I'll keep it forever in my memory! a former employer
the former president of the United States
forget /fəˈget/ (forgetting, forgot, forgotten) Learner example:
And in my town [there] is also a new Italian restaurant. It's
Word family: own[ed] by my mother's former colleague.
Verbs: forget
Adjectives: unforgettable fortnight /ˈfɔːt.naɪt/
VERB
NOT DO NOUN [C USUALLY NO PLURAL]
[I or T] to not remember to do something a period of two weeks
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
I've forgotten to phone Jan. a fortnight's holiday
Dad's always forgetting to take his pills. once a fortnight
Learner example: a fortnight ago
I nearly forgot to tell you that the film is going to be on TV Learner example:
on the 15th of August. I need it only for [a] fortnight to visit my Grandfather. I'm
NOT REMEMBER going to return it on 23[rd] of December.
[I or T] to be unable to remember a fact, something that
happened, or how to do something fortunately /ˈfɔː.tʃən.ət.li/
Dictionary examples:
I'm sorry, I've forgotten your name. Word family:
I completely forgot about Gemma's party. Nouns: fortune, misfortune
I've forgotten what you do next. Adjectives: fortunate, unfortunate
I've forgotten how to operate this thing. Adverbs: fortunately, unfortunately
She'd forgotten that Lucy was coming round. ADVERB
Learner example: happening because of good luck
Although I finished intermediate class last month, I really Dictionary example:
want to learn English and I wouldn't like to forget what I Fortunately, we got home before it started to rain.
have just learnt. Learner example:
STOP THINKING At the moment, fortunately, the weather is fine and sunny.
[T] to stop thinking about someone or something
Dictionary example: forward /ˈfɔː.wəd/
I'll never forget him for as long as I live.
Learner example: ADVERB (ALSO forwards)
But there are two things that I'll never forget: the taste of DIRECTION
ostrich meat and egg, and the dolphins in the wonderful towards the direction that is in front of you
ocean. Dictionary example:
She leaned forward to whisper something in my ear.
forgive /fəˈgɪv/ (forgave, forgiven) Learner example:
I had to try once again to take a step forward, gently I took
Word family: a step forward.
Nouns: forgiveness
Verbs: forgive fountain /ˈfaʊn.tɪn/
VERB [I or T]
NOT BE ANGRY NOUN [C]
to decide not to be angry with someone for something they a structure that forces water up into the air as a decoration
have done, or not to punish them for something they have Dictionary example:
done There is a beautiful fountain in the middle of the square.

70
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: Dictionary examples:

The place I enjoyed the most was the park, because it had a frequently asked questions
nice atmosphere with all those happy I see him quite frequently.
kids, and the most terrific fountain I've ever seen. The buses run less/more frequently at certain times.
Learner example:
frame /freɪm/ I met a beautiful girl and now we are seeing each other
frequently, about twice a week.
NOUN [C]
BORDER
a border which surrounds and supports a picture, door or
window fresh /freʃ/
Dictionary example:
a picture/window frame ADJECTIVE
Learner example: DIFFERENT
I'm going to buy picture frames to put the pictures in and I'll [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] new or different from what was
put them on the wall, around my table. there before
Dictionary examples:
freeze /friːz/ We're looking for fresh ideas.
We need to take a fresh look at the problem.
Word family: They decided to move abroad and make a fresh start.
Nouns: freezer Learner example:
Verbs: freeze In fact, it was the chance of a new life, the opportunity to
Adjectives: freezing, frozen make a fresh start.
VERB (froze, frozen) CLEAN/COOL
ICE smelling clean or feeling pleasantly cool
[I or T] If something freezes or is frozen, it becomes hard Dictionary example:
and solid because it is very cold. a fresh smell/breeze
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Water freezes at a temperature of 0°C. The water was wonderfully fresh.
The ground had frozen hard/solid. fresh air
When the lake freezes (over), we can go skating on it. air outside buildings or away from the city that is clean and
Learner example: cool
Sometimes the roads [ar]e frozen and the cars cannot pass. Dictionary example:
FOOD Let's go outside and get some fresh air.
[I or T] to make food last a long time by making it very cold Learner example:
and hard I think [it] would be better [to] go to the south east to the
Dictionary examples: countryside and have a nice relaxing time with lots of fresh
I'll freeze any food that's left over. air.
Most soups freeze well.
friend /frend/
freezer /ˈfriː.zər/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: friend, friendliness, friendship
Nouns: freezer Adjectives: friendly, unfriendly
Verbs: freeze NOUN [C]
Adjectives: freezing, frozen be friends (with sb)
NOUN [C] to know and like someone
a large container operated by electricity in which food can Dictionary example:
be frozen and stored I've been friends with Jo for years.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
There's some ice cream in the freezer. He was really happy too, so we began to be friends.
Learner example: make friends (with sb)
It is about that beautiful vase you had on the freezer in the to begin to know and like someone
kitchen. Dictionary examples:
He finds it difficult to make friends.
freezing /ˈfriː.zɪŋ/ He's made friends with a boy in his class called Alex.
Learner example:
Word family: Although I didn't know anyone in this club, I immediately
Nouns: freezer made friends with Maria and Rosaria.
Verbs: freeze
Adjectives: freezing, frozen friendly /ˈfrend.li/
ADJECTIVE
extremely cold Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: friend, friendliness, friendship
It's absolutely freezing in here - can I close the window? Adjectives: friendly, unfriendly
They survived for four hours in the freezing water. ADJECTIVE
After walking through the snow, my feet were freezing. be friendly with sb
Learner example: to know and like someone
At the moment, I am here in England and it is absolutely Dictionary example:
freezing. Her brother is quite friendly with my brother.
Learner example:
frequent /ˈfriː.kwənt/ The teacher is friendly with the students, but a bit [strict] at
the same time.
Word family:
Adjectives: frequent friendship /ˈfrend.ʃɪp/
Adverbs: frequently
ADJECTIVE Word family:
happening often Nouns: friend, friendliness, friendship
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: friendly, unfriendly
a frequent visitor to the US NOUN [C or U]
The most frequent cause of death is heart attack. when two people are friends
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I am a frequent visitor to your cinema and I really like the a close friendship
films you show. I value her friendship above anything else.
Learner example:
frequently /ˈfriː.kwənt.li/ I hope our friendship will become stronger and maybe he
should become my boyfriend!
Word family:
Adjectives: frequent frightened /ˈfraɪ.tənd/
Adverbs: frequently
ADVERB Word family:
often Nouns: fright

71
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Verbs: frighten WATER

Adjectives: frightened, frightening turned into ice
ADJECTIVE Dictionary example:
feeling fear or worry They skated over the frozen lake.
Dictionary examples: PERSON
Are you frightened of spiders? INFORMAL If a person, or a part of their body is frozen, they
I was frightened (that) you would fall. are very cold.
She gets frightened when he shouts at her. Dictionary examples:
The policewoman found a frightened child in the hut. Is there any heating in here? I'm frozen!
Learner example: After walking through the snow, my feet were frozen stiff.
We were both frightened and didn't know what to do. Learner example:
I was frozen, [but] after a second I had a big silly smile on
frightening /ˈfraɪ.tən.ɪŋ/ my face.

Word family: fry /fraɪ/

Nouns: fright
Verbs: frighten Word family:
Adjectives: frightened, frightening Verbs: fry
ADJECTIVE Adjectives: fried
making you feel fear VERB [I or T]
Dictionary examples: to cook food in hot oil or fat, or to be cooked in hot oil or fat
a frightening thought Dictionary example:
a frightening film Fry the mushrooms in a little butter.
Learner example: Learner example:
I like frightening films, so I'm going to buy it. I was frying some chicken as my wife was trying to listen to
the radio news.
frog /frɒg/
frying pan /ˈfraɪ.ɪŋˌpæn/
NOUN [C]
a small, green animal with long back legs for jumping that NOUN [C]
lives in or near water a flat, metal pan with a long handle that is used for frying
Dictionary example: food
The frogs down at the lake were making a lot of noise. Dictionary example:
Learner example: Chop the mushrooms and put them in the frying pan.
That was my favourite place, because there were ducks,
some frogs, and many butterflies as well fuel /ˈfjuː.əl/
as birds.
NOUN [C or U]
from /frɒm/ a substance that is burned to provide heat or power
Dictionary examples:
PREPOSITION Wood, coal, oil, petrol and gas are all different kinds of fuel.
COMPARING unleaded fuel
used when you are saying how similar or different two Learner example:
things, people or places are And third, if a rising number of people use a bike instead of
Dictionary examples: their car, traffic density will decrease which is, again, good
University is very different from school. for [the] environment because there [will be] fewer traffic
His opinion could hardly be more different from mine. jams [and] therefore less fuel consumption and less
The two sisters are so similar that it's almost impossible to pollution.
tell one from the other.
Learner example: full /fʊl/
His clothes are very different from everyone else['s].
Word family:
front /frʌnt/ Adjectives: full
Adverbs: fully
NOUN ADJECTIVE
in front GREATEST POSSIBLE
further forward than someone or something else [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] the greatest possible
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
The car in front suddenly stopped and I went into the back James is very bright, but he doesn't make full use of his
of it. abilities.
She started talking to the man in front of her. Nobody got full marks in the spelling test.
Learner example: We were driving at full speed all the way.
As the concert finished, I heard someone call my name. I Learner example:
beli[e]ved it was my imagination or It was like paradise on earth, until an old man, armed with a
perhaps a dream because I couldn't see anyone in front, shotgun, told us to leave! So we left at full speed!!!
behind or opposite me. in full
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] completely and with nothing missing
in or at the front of something Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: The bill must be paid in full by the end of the month.
the front door/garden Learner example:
the front page of the newspaper Unfortunately, I wasn't able to read the e-mail in full, but as
One of his front teeth is missing. I underst[oo]d, he wanted to apologise [for] what had
I'd like two seats in the front row. happened between us many years ago.
Learner example:
So let's meet at the front gate, at 9:15 pm. full stop /ˌfʊlˈstɒp/

frozen /ˈfrəʊ.zən/ NOUN [C]

a mark (.) that is put at the end of a sentence, or at the end
Word family: of a word that has been shortened
Nouns: freezer
Verbs: freeze full-time /ˌfʊlˈtaɪm/
Adjectives: freezing, frozen
ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE; ADVERB
FOOD happening or working for the whole of the working week
Frozen food has been made so that it will last a long time and not only part of it
by freezing. Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: a full-time job
We don't have any fresh vegetables, only frozen peas. Most children in the UK remain in full-time education until
Learner example: they are at least 16 years old.
Nowadays, we do not need anymore to spend hours She went back to work full time when her youngest child
cooking, we just put some frozen food in the microwave, went to school.
and in a few minutes our meal is ready. Learner example:

72
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

So I decided to take [a] full-time course. I hope it'll help me to understand many foreign people not
only in my job, but everywhere I go in future.
fully /ˈfʊl.i/ SUCCESS
[U NO PLURAL] the chance of continuing to exist or
Word family: succeed
Adjectives: full Dictionary example:
Adverbs: fully There's no future in this line of work.
ADVERB Learner example:
completely After his father's death, he didn't want to study, so he left
Dictionary examples: university, losing a good future.
The restaurant was fully booked. ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN]
Have you fully recovered from your illness? happening or existing in the time which is to come
a fully qualified teacher Dictionary examples:
future plans
fun /fʌn/ in future years
What will we leave for future generations?
NOUN [U] Learner example:
for fun or for the fun of it I think that it will be very important for my future career.
for pleasure and not for any other reason.
Dictionary example: gain /geɪn/
I ran but just for fun.
Learner example: VERB
Fortunately I discovered that [the email] wasn't for me. I GET
didn't appreciate that there were people [I or T] to get something useful or positive, especially over
that were sending things like that just for fun. a period of time
Dictionary examples:
funny /ˈfʌn.i/ After you've gained some experience teaching abroad you
can come home and get a job.
ADJECTIVE What do you hope to gain from the course?
STRANGE So who will gain from the venture?
strange, surprising, unexpected or difficult to explain or Learner example:
understand You must explain to them that you need to gain some
Dictionary examples: experience.
He's got some funny ideas about how to bring up children. INCREASE
That's funny - I'm sure I left my keys here. [T] to increase in something such as size, weight, or
A funny thing happened to me on the way here. amount
Do you think this jacket looks a bit funny with these Dictionary examples:
trousers? He's gained a lot of weight in the last few months.
Learner example: The car gained speed going down the hill.
We often see people talking about fitness and health, [but] Learner example:
the funny thing for me is that I'm sure it is one of the best ways not to gain weight.
everybody really looks worried about it although they don't
do anything to make it better. gallery /ˈgæl.ər.i/

fur /fɜːr/ NOUN [C]

a room or building which is used for showing works of art
NOUN [U] Dictionary example:
the thick hair that covers the bodies of some animals, like the National Portrait Gallery
cats or rabbits Learner example:
Dictionary example: You should go to the national gallery too.
She stroked the rabbit's soft fur.
Learner example: gap /gæp/
I find the killing of animals for fur an awful, disgusting thing.
NOUN [C]
further /ˈfɜː.ðər/ SPACE
an empty space, hole or opening
ADVERB Dictionary examples:
DISTANCE She has a small gap between her front teeth.
(comparative of far) at or to a place or time that is a longer The sun was shining through a gap in the curtains.
distance away Learner example:
Dictionary example: I had to deliver the test without f[il]ling the answers in the
Let's walk a bit further down the road. gaps.
Learner example:
When we left your place we drove on the motorway to Trier garage /ˈgær.ɑːʒ/
and further on to Luxembourg.
NOUN [C]
furthest /ˈfɜː.ðɪst/ BUSINESS
a business that repairs or sells cars, and sometimes also
ADVERB sells fuel
most distant Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: The car's still at the garage getting fixed.
That's the furthest I can see without glasses. Learner example:
I took it to the garage and they are fixing [it] now but it will
future /ˈfjuː.tʃər/ take time to repair it.

NOUN gate /geɪt/

the future
the time that is to come NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: AIRPORT
Do you worry about the future? a part of an airport where passengers get on or off an
We need to plan for the future. aircraft
I wonder what the future holds for you and me. Dictionary example:
I'm sure at some point in the future I'll want to change jobs. The flight to Dublin is now boarding at gate 8.
Learner example: Learner example:
We talked about old times and about the future. I got [to] the airport and started looking for gate 23 and
in future there he was, my friend that had c[o]me
beginning from now back from London with a surprise for me.
Dictionary examples:
Could you be more careful in future? gay /geɪ/
In future, I'm going to check every single piece of work that
you do! ADJECTIVE
Learner example: homosexual

73
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples: NOT STRONG

gay rights not violent, severe or strong
Have you told your parents you're gay yet? Dictionary examples:
Learner example: gentle exercise
If you are not a religious person, if you have got divorced a gentle breeze
and you want to get married again, or if you are gay, you Learner example:
must get married [in a] civil [ceremony]. The weather is sunny, the gentle breeze is pure and fresh.

general /ˈdʒen.ər.əl/ get /get/

Word family: VERB (getting, got, got)

Adjectives: general get cancer/flu, etc.
Adverbs: generally to become ill or develop an illness
ADJECTIVE Dictionary example:
NOT DETAILED I'm getting another cold.
not detailed, but including the most basic or necessary Learner example:
information I was angry, and I got a cold!
Dictionary examples: get cold/ill/late, etc.
These leaflets contain some general information about the to start to be cold/ill/late, etc.
school. Dictionary examples:
It's a very general description. Your coffee's getting cold.
I've got a general idea of how it works. It's getting late.
Learner example: Learner example:
By seeing the film, we are able to understand the general It's getting late so I should finish now.
idea of the story. get worse
in general to become more ill, unpleasant, difficult, severe, etc. than
usually, or in most situations before
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
In general, men are taller than women. My cold seems to be getting worse.
In general, the weather here stays sunny. If the rain gets any worse, we'll have to stop walking.
Learner example: Learner example:
In general, when anybody in my country [has a] wedding, I thought, it couldn't get worse.
the families invite all fri[e]nds and n[eighbours] to the get caught/killed/told off, etc.
wedding. to have something done to you. This is sometimes used
instead of the usual passive structure.
generally /ˈdʒen.ər.əl.i/ Dictionary examples:
He got killed in the war.
Word family: She got told off in class for not paying attention.
Adjectives: general I got bitten during the walk.
Adverbs: generally Learner example:
ADVERB Two weeks ago many people at school got injured because
USUALLY of an explosion, so a TV company came to film what the
usually, or in most situations school is like now ...
Dictionary example: get sth wrong
I generally wake up early. to produce an answer or result that is not correct, or to say
Learner example: or write something that is not correct
I generally prefer reading newspapers, but I don't dislike Dictionary examples:
books. I got most of the answers wrong.
The newspapers got the story completely wrong.
generation /ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ get sth painted/repaired, etc.
[T] to do a task, or to arrange for someone to do a task for
Word family: you
Nouns: generation Dictionary examples:
Verbs: generate Could you get the kids dressed?
NOUN I need to get my hair cut.
PEOPLE You must get that form sent off.
[C] all the people in a society or family who are Learner example:
approximately the same age First I have to go to the doctor and then I have to get my
Dictionary examples: teeth checked by the dentist.
the older/younger generation get in touch
This is the story of three generations of women. to contact someone
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Some people say that cell phones are a bad influence on Please get in touch if you ever come back to Madrid.
the younger generation. Learner example:
Get in touch soon.
generous /ˈdʒen.ər.əs/ get down/into/off, etc.
to move to a different place or into a different position
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: generosity I saw her getting into his car.
Adjectives: generous Learner example:
Adverbs: generously They [said] that I got into a car by myself (they thought that
ADJECTIVE I had believed the story).
WILLING TO GIVE TELEPHONE/DOOR
willing to give other people money, help, kindness, etc. [T] to deal with or answer a ringing telephone, a knock on
Dictionary example: the door, etc.
She's been very generous with her time. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Could you get the phone, Al?
I like her because she is a generous, kindly, interesting Someone's at the door - could you get it?
person. get to know sb/sth
to spend time with someone or something so that you
gentle /ˈdʒen.tl̩/ gradually learn more about them
Dictionary examples:
Word family: The first couple of meetings are for the doctor and patient
Adjectives: gentle to get to know each other.
Adverbs: gently I'll need a few weeks to get to know the system.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
KIND I hope you can come here and get to know him.
kind, calm and careful not to upset or hurt anyone get rid of sth
Dictionary example: to throw something away or give something to someone
My mother was such a gentle, loving person. because you no longer want it
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Mani is very kind and gentle. We must get rid of some of those old books.

74
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: Learner example:

Do you think I'd better get rid of the sofa and place the When he saw me, he gave me a big, warm hug and a sweet
bookshelf [there]? kiss.

ghost /gəʊst/ glance /glɑːnts/

NOUN [C] VERB

! the spirit of a dead person glance at/around/towards, etc.
Dictionary example: to look somewhere for a short time
Do you believe in ghosts? Dictionary example:
Learner example: He glanced at his watch.
We saw a horror film. It was about ghosts and vampires! Learner example:
From my seat [at] the café table I was glancing at this man
giant /ˈdʒaɪ.ənt/ when suddenly two men in black
jackets, and wearing sunglasses ran and tackled the
ADJECTIVE stranger, knocking him out.
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] extremely large
Dictionary example: go /gəʊ/
a giant spider
Learner example: VERB (going, went, gone)
Harry Potter fought with the giant snake and he won. go badly/well, etc.
to develop in a particular way
giraffe /dʒɪˈrɑːf/ (PLURAL giraffes) Dictionary examples:
My exams went really well.
NOUN [C] "How did your interview go?" - "Rather badly!"
a large African animal with a very long neck and long legs Something's gone wrong with my computer.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
Giraffes are the tallest land animals. I hope everything is going well.
Learner example: go wrong
Animals like elephants, giraffes and exotic birds must be to develop problems
free. How would you feel living inside a cage? Dictionary example:
Something's gone wrong with my computer.
girl /gɜːl/ Learner example:
Despite all that went wrong, there was something I really
NOUN [C] enjoyed. It was visiting the Diamond Cave.
the girls DISAPPEAR
a group of female friends [I] to disappear or no longer exist
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
I'm going out with the girls tonight. The food had gone by the time we got to the party.
Learner example: When I turned round, the man had gone.
We w[ere] dancing all night at the club [and] I really Learner example:
enjoyed my time with the girls. When I came to take my suitcase, it had gone!
MATCH
girlfriend /ˈgɜːl.frend/ [I] If two things go, they match each other.
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] That top doesn't go with these trousers.
FRIEND This jacket and skirt don't go together do they?
a female friend of a girl or woman go bald/blind/grey, etc.
Dictionary example: to become bald/blind/grey, etc.
She's going out with her girlfriends tonight. Dictionary example:
Learner example: He went bald in his twenties.
I buy clothes once a month, and I usually go shopping with LEAD
my mother or my girlfriends. [I] If a road, path, etc. goes in a particular direction, it leads
there.
give /gɪv/ Dictionary example:
This road goes to Birmingham.
VERB [T] (gave, given) NOUN [C] (PLURAL goes)
ALLOW OPPORTUNITY
[+ TWO OBJECTS] to allow someone to have a right or an an opportunity to play in a game, or to do or use something
opportunity Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: It's your go, Michael.
We didn't really give him a chance to explain. Please can I have a go on your bike?
Learner example: Learner example:
I'll see you at seven o'clock to give you the chance to But if you are ready to get wild with your fr[ie]nds, I think
explain. you should have a go.
CAUSE
[+ TWO OBJECTS] to produce or cause something goal /gəʊl/
Dictionary examples:
What you said has given me an idea. NOUN [C]
The sudden noise gave me quite a shock. AIM
This announcement will give hope to millions of sufferers. an aim or purpose
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I hope this [will] give you an idea of what I like. Do you think I'll be able to achieve my goal of losing 5
ALLOW TIME kilos?
[+ TWO OBJECTS] to allow someone or something a Andy's goal is to run in the New York Marathon.
particular amount of time Always set yourself realistic goals.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
I'm nearly ready - just give me a few minutes. My goal for the future is to be a sail boat captain and this
Learner example: trip would be a good opportunity to practise my skills.
Do you think you would be able to give me 2 hours more on
Friday? goalkeeper /ˈgəʊlˌkiː.pər/ (INFORMAL goalie)
PAY MONEY
[+ TWO OBJECTS] to pay someone a particular amount of NOUN [C]
money for something the player who stands in the team's goal to try to stop the
Dictionary example: other team from scoring
I gave him £20 for his old camera. Dictionary example:
DO Their goalkeeper was sent off in the 80th minute.
to perform an action Learner example:
Dictionary examples: He is a very good goalkeeper.
She gave a cry.
He gave her a kiss on the cheek. goat /gəʊt/
She gave me a big hug.

75
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NOUN [C]
an animal with horns which is kept to provide milk, meat, NOUN [C]
etc. a number or letter that shows how good someone's work or
Dictionary example: performance is
goat's milk/cheese Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Steve never studies, but he always gets good grades.
You can enjoy watching camels and goats passing once in Carla got a grade A in German.
the morning and [again] in the evening. Learner example:
I was really surprised when I read this mail. I passed with
god /gɒd/ very good grades.

NOUN [C] grant /grɑːnt/

Oh my God! INFORMAL
! used to emphasize how surprised, angry, shocked, etc. NOUN [C]
you are an amount of money provided by a government or
Dictionary example: organization for a special purpose
Oh my God! The car's been stolen. Dictionary example:
Learner example: a student/research grant
Oh my god, your sister is getting married! Learner example:
thank God INFORMAL I'd like to know if I have to pay [for] my ticket (Valencia-
! something you say when you are happy because Kent) or if [there]'s some kind of grant that I could apply
something bad did not happen for.
Dictionary example:
Thank God nobody was hurt in the accident. graphics /ˈgræf.ɪks/
Learner example:
"Thank God my car is OK", [he] said. Word family:
Nouns: graph, graphics
NOUN [PLURAL]
good /gʊd/ images shown on a computer screen
Dictionary example:
Word family: computer graphics
Nouns: good, goodness Learner example:
Adjectives: good The film was full of special effects created with the help of
ADJECTIVE (better, best) computer graphics.
MORALLY RIGHT
morally right grateful /ˈgreɪt.fəl/
Dictionary examples:
He's a very good person. ADJECTIVE
Try to set a good example to the children. feeling or showing thanks
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Only in this way can [we] give a good example to the new I'm really grateful to you for all your help.
generation. I would be most grateful if you would send me the book
immediately.
goods /gʊdz/ Learner example:
My grandmum cooked dinner and we were very grateful for
NOUN [PLURAL] it.
items which are made to be sold
Dictionary example: great /greɪt/
There is a 25% discount on all electrical goods until the end
of the week. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: greatness
You can buy all goods [there] without tax. Adjectives: great
Adverbs: greatly
gorgeous /ˈgɔː.dʒəs/ ADJECTIVE
EXTREME
ADJECTIVE extreme
very beautiful or pleasant Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: He has great difficulty walking.
I met this gorgeous guy at Erik's party. Learner example:
There's a gorgeous view from the top of the hill. [In] my first lesson we talked together about our past
Learner example: experiences and our greatest difficulty [in studying] English
I met this gorgeous guy Neto, [and] we are dating. and we learnt some phrasal verbs too (which we really
hate)!
government /ˈgʌv.ən.mənt/
green /griːn/
Word family:
Nouns: government ADJECTIVE
Verbs: govern GRASS
NOUN covered with grass or other plants
GROUP Dictionary example:
[C + SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB] the group of people green spaces
who officially control a country Learner example:
Dictionary examples: If you wanted to do some outdoor activities, we could go
The government has/have recently cut taxes. senior fishing or even [go] walking through the green fields.
government officials
Learner example: greet /griːt/
It [talk]ed about the anti-violen[ce] programm[e]s funded
by the government. Word family:
Nouns: greeting
grab /græb/ Verbs: greet
VERB [T]
VERB (-bb-) WELCOME
TAKE WITH HAND to welcome someone
[I or T] to take hold of something or someone suddenly Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: He greeted me at the door.
A mugger grabbed her handbag as she was walking across Learner example:
the park. We sat down and the teacher arrived. She greeted us and
Learner example: she [told] us her name.
I quickly hung up and grabbed clothes and my cell phone.
greeting /ˈgriː.tɪŋ/
grade /greɪd/ Word family:

76
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Nouns: greeting I saw two security guards, who opened the door for me and
Verbs: greet welcomed me inside.
NOUN [C]
something friendly or polite that you say or do when you guess /ges/
meet or welcome
someone VERB [I or T]
Dictionary example: I guess
They exchanged greetings before starting the session. used when you think something is probably true or likely
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Lucy asked me to pass on greetings to you. I've known her for about 12 years, I guess.
Learner example:
grill /grɪl/ I guess that I love her although we do not know [each
other] very well.
Word family: NOUN [C]
Nouns: grill an attempt to give the right answer when you are not
Adjectives: grilled certain if you are correct
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
IN KITCHEN How old do you think John is? Go on, have a guess.
a piece of equipment which cooks food using direct heat Both teams made some wild guesses, none of which were
Dictionary example: right.
Put the sausages on/under the grill. Learner example:
Learner example: I am sure you will know her from TV - now have a guess
I recom[m]end meat on the grill [- it is] delicious. who she might be.
VERB [T]
to cook food using direct heat guide /gaɪd/
Dictionary example:
Grill the fish for two to three minutes on each side. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: guidance, guide
We were [in] the garden and [we] grilled meat. Verbs: guide
NOUN [C]
groom /gruːm/ BOOK
a book that gives information about something or tells you
NOUN [C] how to do something
a man who is getting married Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: a hotel/restaurant guide
The bride and groom were posing for pictures. a user's guide
Learner example: Learner example:
[In] my village, the bridge and the groom stay [on] their I found that some of the current information in the guide
first night at the groom's parents' house. [is] a little bit old.
VERB [T]
ground /graʊnd/ to help someone visit a place or go somewhere
Dictionary examples:
NOUN Someone offered to guide us through the jungle.
the ground He gently guided her back to her seat.
the surface of the Earth Learner example:
Dictionary example: I had to look after the members of the public and [I] guided
I sat down on the ground. them to their s[ea]ts.
Learner example:
The weather was really nice and the ground wasn't wet so guilty /ˈgɪl.ti/
we could run with no problem.
AREA OF LAND Word family:
[C] an area of land used for a particular purpose or activity Nouns: guilt
Dictionary example: Adjectives: guilty
a football ground DJECTIVE
Learner example: FEELING
Could we use the football ground? feeling guilt
Dictionary examples:
grow /grəʊ/ She was so upset about what I'd said and I felt so guilty.
I felt guilty about leaving her there on her own.
Word family: I've got a guilty conscience.
Nouns: growth Learner example:
Verbs: grow I've got a guilty conscience because I forg[o]t to say
Adjectives: growing goodbye.
VERB (grew, grown)
INCREASE guitarist /gɪˈtɑːr.ɪst/
[I] to increase
Dictionary example: Word family:
The number of people living alone grows each year. Nouns: guitar, guitarist
Learner example: NOUN [C]
In Rio, violence is growing very fast, so if we're planning to someone who plays the guitar, especially as their job
spend the holiday [i]n the city we'll have to take care. Dictionary example:
HAIR The lead guitarist in the band was excellent.
[I or T] If your hair or nails grow, or if you grow them, they Learner example:
get longer. Not only did he want to be a doctor, but he was also a great
Dictionary example: guitarist.
Are you growing a beard?
Learner example: gun /gʌn/
I've lost some weight and I've grown a beard.
NOUN [C]
guard /gɑːd/ a weapon that you fire bullets out of
Dictionary example:
NOUN You could hear the noise of guns firing in the distance.
PERSON WHO PROTECTS Learner example:
[C] someone whose job is to protect a person, place or He went downstairs and picked up his father's gun.
thing from danger or attack, or to prevent a person such as
a criminal from escaping guy /gaɪ/
Dictionary examples:
a security guard NOUN [C]
prison guards guys
The frontier is patrolled by border guards. used when you are talking to or about two or more people
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Come on, you guys, let's go home.

77
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: We have microwaves that help us to [prepare] our meal

Hey guys! I'm just writing to thank you [for] the great times quickly, we have hairdryers to dry our hair in 15 minutes,
we had last weekend and to say you're aw[e]some. we have different things that [have] made our life easier.

gym /dʒɪm/ half /hɑːf/

Word family: NOUN; PRONOUN; DETERMINER (PLURAL halves)

Nouns: gym, gymnastics break/cut, etc. sth in half
Adjectives: gymnastic to divide something into two equal parts
NOUN Dictionary examples:
BUILDING Divide the dough in half and roll it out into two circles.
[C] a building or room with equipment for doing exercises Fold the piece of paper in half.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
Nick goes to the gym three times a week. They were very surprised when they found out [that] the
Learner example: gold was cut in half.
We went to a gym near my house. ADVERB
EXERCISES partly, but not completely
[U] exercises done inside, especially as a school subject Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: half empty/full
We have gym on Friday afternoons. Sophia is half Greek and half Spanish.
Learner example: Learner example:
You can do gym, aqua, dance, boxing, squash, [and] tennis. After our kiss, my face was painted half white, half black as
well.
gymnastics /dʒɪmˈnæs.tɪks/
hand /hænd/
Word family:
Nouns: gym, gymnastics Word family:
Adjectives: gymnastic Nouns: hand, handful
NOUN [U] NOUN [C]
a sport in which you do physical exercises on the floor and a hand
on different pieces of some help, especially to do something practical
equipment, often in competitions Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: Could you give me a hand with these suitcases?
Let's watch the gymnastics on TV. I think Matthew might need a hand with his homework.
Learner example: Learner example:
Every Tuesday and Thursday you can [do] sports like I'll give you a hand to organize your holiday!
basketball, football or also gymnastics. by hand
done or made by a person instead of a machine
habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/ Dictionary example:
This sweater has to be washed by hand.
NOUN [C or U] Learner example:
REGULAR ACTIVITY I used to remember my mother washing our clothes by
something that you do often and regularly, almost without hand, but for me it is just a matter of throwing the clothes
knowing that you are doing it into the washing machine and pressing a few buttons.
Dictionary examples: VERB [T]
healthy eating habits GIVE
I always buy the same toothpaste out of habit. to give someone something
I'm trying not to get into the habit of having biscuits with Dictionary examples:
my coffee. She handed me the letter.
He can't break the habit of switching on the TV when he The waiter smiled politely as he handed my bill to me.
comes home at night. Could you hand me that book, please?
I'm not really in the habit of looking at other people's Learner example:
clothes, but even I noticed that awful yellow suit! Maybe you could hand me a paper with several questions I
Learner example: can answer, thus I [would] cover the work I miss.
In your last letter you ask[ed] me about my shopping habits
and my clothes. handball /ˈhænd.bɔːl/

haircut /ˈheə.kʌt/ NOUN [U]

a game in which players hit a small hard rubber ball against
NOUN [C] a wall with their hands
when someone cuts your hair, or the style in which it has Dictionary example:
been cut We played handball yesterday.
Dictionary examples:
to get/have a haircut hand-held /ˈhænd.held/
I really need a haircut.
He had a smart new haircut. ADJECTIVE (ALSO handheld)
Learner example: describes something that is designed to be held and used
You two have the same haircut, the same complexion but easily with one or two hands
not the same attitude, which is good. Dictionary example:
a hand-held camera/computer/device
hairdresser /ˈheəˌdres.ər/ Learner example:
Computer technology has been improving, from [the] first
NOUN [C] machines, which were so big that they had to be placed in
a person who cuts people's hair and puts it into a style. The special buildings, to hand-held devices in only 50 years.
place where this is done is called a hairdresser's.
Dictionary examples: handkerchief /ˈhæŋ.kə.tʃiːf/
I'm going to change my hairdresser.
I've got a four o'clock appointment at the hairdresser's. NOUN [C]
Learner example: a small piece of cloth or soft paper that you use to dry your
I decided to go to the hairdresser's to have my hair cut eyes or nose
because the next day I had to go to the party. Dictionary example:
She dabbed her eyes with a handkerchief.
hairdryer /ˈheəˌdraɪ.ər/ Learner example:
We are going to see a dramatic film, Era mio padre, so don't
NOUN [C] forget your handkerchief.
a piece of electrical equipment for drying your hair with hot
air handle /ˈhæn.dl̩/
Dictionary example:
Did you pack a hairdryer? VERB [T]
Learner example: DEAL WITH
to deal with something
Dictionary examples:

78
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

I thought he handled the problem/situation very well. hard /hɑːd/

If you can't handle the job I'll get someone else to do it.
Who handles the marketing in your company? ADJECTIVE
Learner example: USING EFFORT
He couldn't handle it and started to run in the rain, crying, needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort
thinking. Dictionary examples:
Go on - give it a good hard push!
It was hard work on the farm but satisfying.
handsome /ˈhæn.səm/ Learner example:
It's the perfect place to stay and relax after a week of hard
ADJECTIVE work.
ATTRACTIVE ADVERB
A handsome man is attractive. WITH FORCE
Dictionary example: with a lot of force
She's hoping that she'll meet a tall, dark, handsome Dictionary examples:
stranger. It's been raining hard all day.
Learner example: She kicked the ball as hard as she could.
The main actor is very handsome too. Learner example:
It was a clo[u]dy day, the wind [was] blow[ing] hard, and
handwriting /ˈhændˌraɪ.tɪŋ/ the city was quiet.

NOUN [U] hardly /ˈhɑːd.li/

the way that someone forms the letters when they write
with a pen or pencil ADVERB
Dictionary examples: ALMOST NOT
We need to ensure that handwriting is properly taught in almost not, or only a very small amount
our primary schools. Dictionary examples:
His handwriting is impossible to read. We hardly ever go to concerts.
Learner example: I could hardly hear her at the back.
I have pretty bad handwriting as you know from my letters, The party had hardly started when she left.
and with a computer and a printer I can avoid others who He ate hardly anything.
read my letters [from being] put off by my handwriting. Learner example:
Well, my bedroom hardly ever looks tidy.
hang /hæŋ/
hardware /ˈhɑːd.weər/
VERB
FASTEN NOUN [U]
[I or T] (hung, hung) to fasten or support something at the the physical and electronic parts of a computer, rather than
top leaving the other the programs
parts free to move, or to be held in this way Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: We need to include new hardware in our budget.
A heavy gold necklace hung around her neck. Learner example:
The curtains hung in thick folds. Computer technology keeps improving all the time and
Hang your coat and hat on the rack over there. consume[r]s like me and you definitely have to pay our
Learner example: money to keep our personal computer up to date and able
She kept it in a tiny red bag which hung around her neck to work with new computer software that require[s] [better
like a neckl[ace]. and better] performance of computer hardware.

happily /ˈhæp.ə.li/ have /hæv/ (had, had)

Word family: VERB [T]

Nouns: happiness, unhappiness have sth cleaned/cut/repaired, etc.
Adjectives: happy, unhappy to pay someone to do something for you
Adverbs: happily Dictionary examples:
ADVERB I'm having my hair cut this afternoon.
HAPPY I've had my watch mended.
in a happy way We're having the house painted next month.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
He was happily married with two young children. My mother is having her car repaired.
The baby sucked happily on a corner of her blanket. have sth stolen/taken, etc.
Learner example: If you have something stolen/taken, etc. someone takes
Now we are happily married and I cannot stop thinking something that belongs to you.
what would have happened if I had thrown away the e- Dictionary examples:
mail...? She had her car stolen last week.
I had my bag taken.
happiness /ˈhæp.ɪ.nəs/ Learner example:
He told me over the phone that he had arrived in London
Word family: with his wife, but shortly after the arrival, he had ha[d] his
Nouns: happiness, unhappiness wallet stolen in the underground station.
Adjectives: happy, unhappy CAUSE
Adverbs: happily to cause something to be in a particular state
NOUN [U] Dictionary examples:
the feeling of being happy He had dinner ready by the time we got home.
Dictionary examples: We had the tent up within ten minutes.
It was only later in life that she found happiness and peace Learner example:
of mind. We had everything ready in case of an emergency or a
Will you join me in wishing the bride and groom every chaos situation.
happiness? HOLD
Learner example: used to say that someone is holding something, or that
I wish you happiness, you deserve it. someone or something is with them
Dictionary examples:
harbour /ˈhɑː.bər/ He had a pen in his hand.
She had a little boy with her.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
an area of water next to the coast, often protected from the Maria had the phone in her hand.
sea by a thick wall, where ships and boats can shelter have no idea
Dictionary example: to not know
Our hotel room overlooked a pretty little fishing harbour. Dictionary example:
Learner example: "Where's Serge?" "I've no idea."
The weather was fine so we went on a sight-seeing tour Learner example:
around the harbour. I have no idea about how his children are.

79
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

head /hed/ the quality of being hot or warm, or the temperature of

something
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: head, heading the heat of the sun/fire
Verbs: head How do you manage to work in this heat without air
NOUN [C] conditioning?
ORGANIZATION/DEPARTMENT She always wore a coat, even in the heat of summer.
the person who is in charge of an organization or a part of Cook the meat on a high/low heat.
an organization Learner example:
Dictionary examples: The weather is magnificent, it's very hot but you can't feel
the head of an oil company the heat because if you go swimming it passes.
Our head of department is leaving on Friday.
He is head chef at a large restaurant.
Learner example: heater /ˈhiː.tər/
Joshua was the head of security of the international airport
of New York. Word family:
MIND Nouns: heat, heater, heating
the mind and mental abilities Verbs: heat
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
All these thoughts were going round in my head. a machine that heats air or water
What put that into your head? Dictionary example:
Learner example: a gas/electric heater
Then suddenly the idea came in[to] my head and I told her: Learner example:
'Why don't you mo[ve] in[to] my flat?' I have decided to buy a new carpet and a little heater.

headline /ˈhed.laɪn/ heavily /ˈhev.ə.li/

NOUN [C] Word family:

IN NEWSPAPER Adjectives: heavy
the title of a newspaper story that is printed in large letters Adverbs: heavily
above it ADVERB
Dictionary example: a lot or to a great degree
a front-page headline Dictionary examples:
Learner example: It was raining heavily.
The headline was "FAILURE OF FESTIVAL". drink/smoke heavily
The terrorists are heavily armed.
hear /hɪər/ (heard, heard) She's heavily involved in the project.
Learner example:
VERB One day, when I was walking out in the park with my friend,
BE TOLD it started raining heavily.
[I or T] to be told some information
Dictionary examples: heavy /ˈhev.i/
Have you heard the news?
If you haven't heard by Friday, assume I'm not coming. Word family:
Have you heard what's happened? Adjectives: heavy
I hear (that) you're leaving. Adverbs: heavily
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
After, she told me that my mother-in-law [had] arrived [in] A LOT
the city and, obviously, when I heard that, I started to cry. large in amount or degree
Dictionary examples:
heart /hɑːt/ heavy traffic
heavy rain/snow
NOUN a heavy smoker/drinker
EMOTIONS Learner example:
[C or U] someone's deepest feelings and true character There is fresh air, no heavy traffic and, more important for
Dictionary examples: me, [it] is [a] quiet and calm place.
a broken heart
She has a big/good heart. heel /hiːl/
In his heart, he knew she was right.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
She's very nice, a person with a good heart. SHOE PART
the heart of sth the part of a shoe that is under your heel
the centre of something or the most important part of Dictionary example:
something The boots had a very high heel.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
The demonstrators will march through the heart of the I hate wearing tight clothes, or shoes with high heels.
capital.
A disagreement about boundaries is at the heart of the height /haɪt/
dispute.
Learner example: Word family:
This restaurant is in the heart of Tepec, and it is open from Nouns: height
10.00am to 6.00pm except on Friday. Adjectives: high
Adverbs: highly
heart attack /ˈhɑːt.əˌtæk/ NOUN [C or U]
HOW TALL
NOUN [C] how tall or high something or someone is
a serious medical condition in which the heart does not get Dictionary examples:
enough blood, causing great pain and often leading to She's about my height.
death The sheer height of New York's skyscrapers is so
Dictionary example: impressive.
John had a heart attack three years ago. The tower measures 27.28 metres in height.
Learner example: Learner example:
I was really surprised when I read the e-mail, and I would prefer not to stay in a tent because of my height, I
discovered that our father had had a heart attack. am so tall that I could never stand up.
HOW FAR UP
heat /hiːt/ how far above the ground something is
Dictionary example:
Word family: The aircraft was flying at a height of about 6000 metres.
Nouns: heat, heater, heating Learner example:
Verbs: heat All [the] pictures we took were nice, but the most beautiful
NOUN [U] one was the picture [of] Patricia and I at the top of the

80
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

mountain "Kala Pattar", which is situated at a height of

5,600 metres! hidden /ˈhɪd.ən/

help /help/ Word family:

Verbs: hide
Word family: Adjectives: hidden
Nouns: helper ADJECTIVE
Verbs: help NOT EASY TO FIND
Adjectives: helpful, unhelpful, helpless A hidden thing or place is not easy to find.
VERB [I or T] Dictionary examples:
can't/couldn't help doing sth a hidden valley
to be unable to stop yourself doing something or to stop There were hidden microphones in the room to record their
something happening conversation.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
I can't help laughing when I think about what happened to But to her surprise the policeman laughed and said, "You
you both! are the winner of our hidden camera cont[e]st".
I couldn't help thinking about what had happened.
He couldn't help it, he slipped. hide /haɪd/
Learner example:
I got so sad that I couldn't help crying. Word family:
help yourself (to sth) Verbs: hide
to take something, especially food or drink, without asking Adjectives: hidden
Dictionary example: VERB (hid, hidden)
Please help yourself to some coffee. THING
Learner example: [T] to put something in a place where it cannot be seen or
Some tables with sandwiches, salads and drinks are going found
to be available [for you] to help yourselves. Dictionary examples:
NOUN She used to hide her diary under her pillow.
with the help of sth The papers were hidden under the floorboards.
using something Learner example:
Dictionary example: Lord Alloway hid the suitcase [to] protect it.
We managed to assemble the table with the help of the PERSON
instructions. [I] (ALSO hide yourself) to go to a place where you cannot
Learner example: be seen or found
The film was full of special effects created with the help of Dictionary examples:
computer graphics, [and] it was very good. She ran off and hid behind a tree.
They hid themselves in the wardrobe.
helpful /ˈhelp.fəl/ Learner example:
The plan is to bring him to my house, [and] everybody [will]
Word family: hide in the living room. [W]hen he enter[s] the room, we
Nouns: helper [will] shout 'Surprise'.
Verbs: help FEELING/INFORMATION
Adjectives: helpful, unhelpful, helpless [T] to keep a feeling or information secret
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
willing to help, or useful He couldn't hide his embarrassment.
Dictionary examples: There's something about her past that she's trying to hide
She's such a pleasant, helpful child! from me.
I'm sorry, I was only trying to be helpful. Learner example:
He made several helpful suggestions. I knew that you loved each other more than anything in this
Learner example: world, but I couldn't hide my surprise when you told me
The teacher is wonderful, she is so kind and helpful to that you're getting married.
everyone.
high /haɪ/
herb /hɜːb/
Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: height
a plant that is used in cooking to add flavour to food or is Adjectives: high
used in medicines Adverbs: highly
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
dried/fresh herbs ABOVE GROUND
Basil, oregano, thyme and rosemary are all herbs. a large distance above the ground or the level of the sea
A large range of herbs and spices are used in South Asian Dictionary examples:
cookery. a high window
Learner example: The village was high up in the mountains.
He was chattering with [his] parents and drinking warm Learner example:
milk with [the] smell of fresh herbs and flowers. Look[ing] out [of] the window, I can see the birds high up on
the trees.
hero /ˈhɪə.rəʊ/ AMOUNT/LEVEL
great in amount, size or level
NOUN [C] (PLURAL heroes) Dictionary examples:
BRAVE PERSON a high temperature
someone who does something brave or good, which people high prices/costs
respect or admire them for The car sped away at high speed.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
a war hero Be careful while you are in Brazil because sometimes
He became a national hero for his part in the revolution. people charge really high prices for everything just because
They consider her a hero. you are a tourist.
Graham says he'll take my parents to the airport at four VERY GOOD
o'clock in the morning - what a hero! very good
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I couldn't believe it and while I was wondering if this was a high standards/quality
dream, Mike Skinner, my hero, appeared and instantly She got high marks in her last exam.
started chatting with me as if we had been friends for Learner example:
years. There were lots of CD players and [everything] was high
BOOK/FILM quality.
the main male character in a book or film, who is usually ADVERB
good DISTANCE
Dictionary example: at or to a large distance above the ground
the hero of her latest novel Dictionary examples:
Learner example: We flew high above the city.
The film was very exciting because it was an action film and He threw the ball high into the air.
the hero was strong. Learner example:

81
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Being in the cabin high above Vienna both of them Suddenly, the girl found herself in front of the man, [who
th[ought] about killing the other. was] holding a gun against her forehead.
ORGANIZE
hire /haɪər/ to organize an event
Dictionary examples:
VERB [T] to hold talks/an election
RENT A music festival is held there in July.
to pay to use something for a short time Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Every evening the concerts are held in the open air, so you
How much would it cost to hire a car for a fortnight? can have lots of fun.
You could always hire a dress for the ball if you can't afford CONTAIN
to buy one. to contain or be able to contain something
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
We hired two bicycles in Bocastle village. This jug holds exactly one pint.
One bag won't hold all of the shopping - we'd better take
historic /hɪˈstɒr.ɪk/ two.
Modern computers can hold huge amounts of information.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: history, historian Big companies which hold a huge amount of information
Adjectives: historic, historical would not be able to work without a
Adverbs: historically computer.
ADJECTIVE
important or likely to be important in history hole /həʊl/
Dictionary examples:
historic buildings NOUN [C]
a historic day/moment a hollow space in something, or an opening in a surface
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I know you and I understand that you [are coming to] my a bullet hole
country to visit ancient castle[s] and historic buildings, so I There's a hole in the roof.
recommend [you] to visit Rome: a fantastic city! We dug a hole to plant the tree.
Learner example:
historical /hɪˈstɒr.ɪ.kəl/ I like wearing jeans with holes in them, they look cool.

Word family: home /həʊm/

Nouns: history, historian
Adjectives: historic, historical Word family:
Adverbs: historically Nouns: home, homeless, homelessness
ADJECTIVE Adjectives: homeless
relating to events or people in the past, or to the study of Adverbs: home
history NOUN
Dictionary examples: feel at home
Many important historical documents were destroyed when to feel happy and confident in a place or situation
the library was bombed. Dictionary example:
She specializes in historical novels set in eighteenth- After a month she felt at home in her new job.
century England. Learner example:
Learner example: I explained: "I was in Manchester for just 10 month[s] and
Budapest is very beautiful with a [lot] of historical buildings [during] that time the people from there
and churches. made me feel at home [so] I feel proud to have the accent."
ADVERB
hit /hɪt/ AT/IN PLACE
at or in the place someone lives
VERB [T] (hitting, hit, hit) Dictionary example:
TOUCH Will you be home tomorrow evening?
to touch someone or something quickly and with force, Learner example:
usually causing injury or damage I'll not be home this afternoon.
Dictionary examples:
The car went out of control and hit a wall. honest /ˈɒn.ɪst/
She hit her head on the pavement when she fell.
Learner example: Word family:
He hit a boy on the main road [but] fortun[ate]ly the boy Nouns: dishonesty, honesty
was ok[a]y. Adjectives: dishonest, honest
NOUN [C] Adverbs: honestly, dishonestly
SUCCESS ADJECTIVE
a thing or person that is very popular or successful TRUTH
Dictionary examples: sincere and telling the truth
The Beatles had a string of number-one hits in the 1960s. Dictionary example:
Your cake was a real hit at the party - everyone loved it. If you want my honest answer/opinion, I think your hair
They've just released a CD of their greatest hits. looks awful.
Learner example: Learner example:
The group RADIANT played their big hits [from the] 1980s I tell everything to my mother in order to be honest.
for an hour. NOT CHEAT
not likely to lie, cheat, or steal
hitchhike /ˈhɪtʃ.haɪk/ Dictionary examples:
an honest man
VERB [I] She had an honest face.
to get free rides in someone's vehicle, by standing next to Learner example:
the road and waiting for someone to pick you up I know it is an illusion, but I want to think that in the world
Dictionary example: there are some honest people.
We hitchhiked from Paris to Milan. to be honest
Learner example: used to express your real opinion
We hitchhike[d] to the nearest city. Dictionary examples:
To be honest, I didn't really enjoy the party.
hold /həʊld/ To be honest with you, I don't think it will be possible.
Learner example:
VERB [T] (held, held) To be honest, I do hate shopping for clothes.
KEEP IN POSITION
to keep something in a particular position honestly /ˈɒn.ɪst.li/
Dictionary examples:
Can you hold the door open, please? Word family:
Hold your hand up if you know the answer. Nouns: dishonesty, honesty
They held a gun to his head. Adjectives: dishonest, honest
Learner example: Adverbs: honestly, dishonestly

82
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

ADVERB They searched for survivors but it was hopeless.

EMPHASIZE She was depressed and felt totally hopeless about the
used to emphasize that you are telling the truth future.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
Thanks, but I honestly couldn't eat another piece of cake. When my uncle heard about my new hobby, he bought me
Learner example: a chess-computer to train for my first real match. At the
Honestly, I did not know what to do, I wanted to cry. moment I'm trying to win against it but I think it is hopeless.

horror /ˈhɒr.ər/
honeymoon /ˈhʌn.i.muːn/
Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: horror
a holiday taken by two people who have just got married Adjectives: horrified, horrifying
Dictionary example: NOUN [U]
We went to Paris on our honeymoon. a horror film/movie/story
Learner example: a film or story that entertains people by shocking or
Where did you spend your honeymoon? frightening them
Dictionary example:
hope /həʊp/ I love reading horror stories.
Learner example:
Word family: I'll buy a DVD called "Scream", it's a horror movie - you
Nouns: hope know I love scary movies.
Verbs: hope
Adjectives: hopeful, hopeless hostel /ˈhɒs.təl/
Adverbs: hopefully, hopelessly
VERB [I or T] NOUN [C]
hope to do sth a place like a cheap hotel, where you can live when you are
to intend to do something away from home or
Dictionary example: have no home
Dad hopes to retire next year. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: a youth hostel
With this new class I hope to make progress. a hostel for the homeless
NOUN [C or U] Learner example:
a positive feeling about the future, or something that you We'll stay in a hostel [be]cause it's cheap and we'll use
want to happen or be true public transport.
Dictionary examples:
a message full of hope hot /hɒt/
What are your hopes for the future?
Don't give up hope - I'm sure he'll be fine. ADJECTIVE (hotter, hottest)
Young people are growing up in our cities without any hope SPICY
of getting a job. Hot food contains strong spices which cause a burning
Learner example: feeling in your mouth.
Ten minutes later I started to tell [them] how brave [they Dictionary examples:
were] and how we fought when there was no hope. a hot curry
hot and spicy food
hopeful /ˈhəʊp.fəl/ Learner example:
Here we have many restaurants to go [to], so it's hard to
Word family: have a favourite, but we sometimes go to [the] Delhi
Nouns: hope restaurant, which serve[s] Indian food, because we like
Verbs: hope meals [that are] hot [with] various spices.
Adjectives: hopeful, hopeless
Adverbs: hopefully, hopelessly hour /aʊər/
ADJECTIVE
FEELING POSITIVE Word family:
feeling positive about a future event or situation Nouns: hour
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: hourly
He was hopeful about the outcome of the meeting. Adverbs: hourly
They were hopeful of a successful agreement. NOUN [C]
I'm hopeful (that) we can reach a compromise. hours
Learner example: INFORMAL a long time
I know that it is quite impossible to find it [i]n a big town Dictionary examples:
like mine, but I am [still] hopeful. I spent hours doing my homework.
They kept us waiting for hours and hours.
hopefully /ˈhəʊp.fəl.i/ Learner example:
We spent hours talking, but at ten o'clock he [took] me
Word family: home.
Nouns: hope
Verbs: hope housework /ˈhaʊs.wɜːk/
Adjectives: hopeful, hopeless
Adverbs: hopefully, hopelessly NOUN [U]
ADVERB the work of keeping a house clean and tidy
WHAT YOU WANT Dictionary example:
used, often at the start of a sentence, to express what you I hate doing housework.
would like to happen Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I ran out of vegetables and cans, [and] as I was not at home
Hopefully it won't rain. the housework wasn't done, and the children almost
Hopefully we'll be in Norwich by early evening. destroy[ed] my furniture.
Learner example:
Hopefully he likes me, too. how /haʊ/
hopeless /ˈhəʊ.pləs/ ADVERB
EXPERIENCE
Word family: used to ask or talk about what an experience or event was
Nouns: hope like
Verbs: hope Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: hopeful, hopeless How was your flight?
Adverbs: hopefully, hopelessly How did you find the lecture?
ADJECTIVE How did you like the concert?
NO HOPE Learner example:
without hope How was your birthday?
Dictionary examples: EMPHASIZE
a hopeless situation used for emphasis

83
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples: the ability to understand funny things and to be funny

I can't tell you how pleased I am that you came. yourself
How nice to see you! Dictionary example:
I was amazed at how quickly she finished. Carol has a wicked sense of humour.
Learner example: Learner example:
It's quite amazing how quickly she could change my reason Most of them have an incredible sense of humour so we
to learn English. laugh a lot when we go there.
How about ...?
used to ask for someone's opinion on a particular subject hunger /ˈhʌŋ.gər/
Dictionary example:
So the town was nice - how about the food? Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: hunger
I don't like shopping with my mum because she wants me Adjectives: hungry
to wear weird clothes. How about you? NOUN
NEED FOR FOOD
[U] the feeling you have when you need to eat
Dictionary examples:
hug /hʌg/ I can't believe that that enormous meal wasn't enough to
satisfy your hunger.
VERB [T] (-gg-) By about 9 o'clock she started to feel faint from/with
to put your arms around someone and hold them tightly, hunger.
usually because you love or like them Learner example:
Dictionary examples: It [wa]s [what] I expected, a baby crying f[rom] hunger.
They hugged each other when they met at the station.
Emily hugged her teddy bear tightly to her chest. hunt /hʌnt/
She sat on the floor hugging her knees.
Learner example: Word family:
We walked in the street together and spoke [to] each other Nouns: hunting, hunt
[for] more than for four hours and at the end we hugged Verbs: hunt
and kissed. VERB [I or T]
NOUN [C] CHASE
when you put your arms around someone and hold them ! to chase and kill wild animals
tightly Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Some animals hunt at night.
Come here and give me a big hug. Cats like to hunt mice and birds.
We always exchange hugs and kisses when we meet. Learner example:
Learner example: As I was saying, you can also go to jungle hotels -
The singer of the band ,"Green Day" was coming to[wards] comfortable hotels in the middle of the forest, just crossing
me. [He] took my hand and then gave me a hug. the Amazon River, where you can keep in touch with
nature, feed monkeys and even "hunt" alligators (all sizes,
huge /hjuːdʒ/ believe me!).

ADJECTIVE hurry /ˈhʌr.i/

extremely large
Dictionary examples: VERB [I or T]
They live in a huge house. hurry up PHRASAL VERB
The costs involved in building a spacecraft are huge. to do something more quickly
A huge number of people attended. Dictionary example:
Learner example: Hurry up or we'll miss the train.
I live in a huge old house in the suburbs with my family. Learner example:
When I arrived, the other [basketball] club members [were]
human /ˈhjuː.mən/ already dressed, so I had to hurry up.
NOUN [C NO PLURAL]
Word family: the need to move or do things more quickly than normal
Adjectives: human, inhuman Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE We left in such a hurry that we forgot our tickets.
PEOPLE "Can you wait a few minutes?" "Yes, I'm not in any
relating to people or their characteristics hurry/I'm in no hurry."
Dictionary examples: Are you in a hurry to leave?
the human body What's (all) the hurry (for)/Why (all) the hurry - we've got
human behaviour plenty of time.
The fault was due to human error. "I'll let you have this back next week." "That's all right,
Learner example: there's no (great) hurry/there isn't any
As for me, the last good programme I saw was [a] scientific (great) hurry ."
episode about [the] abilities of the human brain. Learner example:
NOUN [C] (ALSO human being) I was in a hurry to get [to] class so I wore diffe[re]nt
a man, woman or child colour[ed] socks.
Dictionary example:
The greatest damage being done to our planet today is that hurt /hɜːt/
being done by humans.
Learner example: VERB (hurt, hurt)
The programm[e]s I have enjoyed recently were about EMOTION
w[h]ales, sharks and humans. [I or T] to cause emotional pain to someone
Dictionary examples:
humid /ˈhjuː.mɪd/ She criticized my writing quite severely and that hurt.
He was badly hurt by the end of his marriage.
ADJECTIVE I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
Humid air or weather is hot and slightly wet. Learner example:
Dictionary example: My heart was hurt and nobody will [be able to] repair the
It's very humid today. damage.
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
[The] north of Iran is wet but [the] south of Iran is humid IN PAIN
and hot. [NEVER BEFORE NOUN] injured or in pain
Dictionary examples:
humour /ˈhjuː.mər/ Let me help you up. Are you hurt?
Put that knife away before someone gets hurt.
Word family: Several people were seriously/badly hurt in the explosion.
Nouns: humour Learner example:
Adjectives: humorous There was an accident on the motorway but fortunately
NOUN nobody was seriously hurt.
a sense of humour UNHAPPY
upset or unhappy

84
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples: if /ɪf/

I feel very hurt by what you said.
"That was very unkind," he said in a hurt voice. CONJUNCTION
Learner example: ALWAYS
I know you got very hurt when [you and] Brian broke up. used to mean always or every time
Dictionary examples:
hut /hʌt/ If water is heated to 100°C it turns to steam.
If I don't get enough sleep I get a headache.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
a small, simple building, often made of wood If there is a world cup - e.g. football - then I spend more
Dictionary examples: time watching television.
a mountain hut MIGHT
a row of beach huts used to talk about something that might happen
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Finally, we reached a hut near a river, where we stayed If I won the lottery, I'd buy a boat.
until the following day, when we returned What would you do if he moved away?
home by bus. Learner example:
It would be great if you came to the city.
ice hockey /ˈaɪsˌhɒ.ki/ WHETHER
whether
NOUN [U] Dictionary examples:
a game played on ice in which two teams try to hit a small I wonder if he'll get the job?
hard object into a goal Mrs Kramer rang half an hour ago to ask if her cake was
using long curved sticks ready.
Dictionary example: I don't care if he likes it or not - I'm coming!
He loves ice hockey. Learner example:
Learner example: But let's see if a friend can lend me his notebook, [as] that
I visited Kassel with some friends, to watch an ice hockey way I will c[atch] up easily.
game. if I were you
used when you give someone advice
ice skating /ˈaɪs.skeɪt.ɪŋ/ Dictionary examples:
If I were you, I'd probably go.
NOUN [U] I think I'd take the money if I were you.
the activity or sport of moving across ice using ice skates Learner example:
Dictionary example: But you enjoy clubbing and discos, so, if I were you, I would
We're going ice skating. [choose the] city.
Learner example: if only
Last year, I went ice-skating with some friends and it was used when you want to say how doing something simple
not as easy as I thought it would be, but I liked it anyway. would make it possible to avoid something unpleasant
Dictionary example:
icy /ˈaɪ.si/ If only she'd listen to what he's saying, I'm sure they could
work it out.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: ice If only I had been more careful.
Adjectives: icy
Adverbs: icily illness /ˈɪl.nəs/
ADJECTIVE
WITH ICE Word family:
covered in ice Nouns: illness
Dictionary example: Adjectives: ill
icy roads NOUN
Learner example: DISEASE
She had fallen off it on an icy street and had got injured. [C] a disease of the body or mind
COLD Dictionary example:
extremely cold He died at home after a long illness.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
an icy wind It's because my aunt has a terrible illness and I have to go
Learner example: and see her.
Fast as [the] wind, she was falling down and down, until her
long thin finger touched the icy cold water. imagination /ɪˌmædʒ.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

idea /aɪˈdɪə/ Word family:

Nouns: imagination
NOUN Verbs: imagine
have no idea Adjectives: imaginary, imaginative
to not know NOUN
Dictionary example: PART OF MIND
"Where's Serge?" "I've no idea." [C USUALLY NO PLURAL] the part of your mind that
Learner example: creates ideas or pictures of things
I have no idea about how his children are. that are not real or that you have not seen
OPINION Dictionary examples:
[C] an opinion or belief There's nothing out here - it's just your imagination.
Dictionary examples: For some reason the story captured/caught the
We have very different ideas about the environment. imagination of the public.
Leach puts forward the idea that it is impossible to spoil a There's a sex scene in the film which apparently leaves
child. nothing to the imagination.
I'm not married - where did you get that idea? Learner example:
Learner example: I thought it was my imagination, because it was very late
You can talk beside the fireplace, or have a beer with your and the concert had been so long.
friends and share your ideas about Tolkien's works. ABILITY
[U] the ability to create ideas or pictures in your mind
identity card /aɪˈden.tɪ.tiˌkɑːd/ Dictionary example:
The job needs someone with creativity and imagination.
NOUN [C] (ALSO ID card) Learner example:
a card that shows your name, photograph and information Endless imagination and [the] development of technology
to prove who you are will lead us to future fashion.
Dictionary example:
His identity card was stolen.
Learner example: imagine /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪn/
I lost my identity card, credit card and passport and I
couldn't go to Rome. Word family:
Nouns: imagination

85
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Verbs: imagine If an action or event is impossible, it cannot happen or be

Adjectives: imaginary, imaginative done.
VERB [T] Dictionary examples:
FORM PICTURE It was impossible to sleep because of the noise.
to form an idea or picture of something in your mind It seems impossible that I could have walked by without
Dictionary examples: noticing her.
Imagine Robert Redford when he was young - that's what He made it impossible for me to say no.
John looks like. Learner example:
Imagine (that) you're eating an ice cream - try to feel how I tried to find it but it was impossible!
cold it is.
She imagined herself sitting in her favourite armchair back improvement /ɪmˈpruːv.mənt/
home.
Learner example: Word family:
Just imagine the sun, the sea and all that fun on the beach. Nouns: improvement
UNDERSTAND Verbs: improve
to have an idea of what something is like or might be like Adjectives: improved
Dictionary examples: NOUN
Can you imagine how it feels to be blind? BETTER
I can't imagine wanting to go out if I don't really know [C or U] when something gets better or when you make it
anyone. better
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
You can't imagine how tired I am. There's been a big/great/huge/major/noticeable
NOT REAL improvement in her work this term.
to think that you hear or see something which does not Sadly, Olivia's health has shown no improvement.
really exist Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Just twenty to thirty minutes riding every day gives you a
"Did you hear a noise?" "No, you're imagining things." considerable improvement in your general state of health.
I can't hear anything - you must be imagining it. CHANGE
Learner example: [C] a change to something that makes it better
I turn[ed] back but I didn't [see] anyone, so I thought that I Dictionary example:
had imagined it. home improvements
Learner example:
immigration /ˌɪm.ɪˈgreɪ.ʃən/ It would be a pleasure for me to give you some tips on
improvements to the cinema.
Word family:
Nouns: immigrant, immigration in /ɪn/
NOUN [U]
PLACE PREPOSITION
the place where people's official documents are checked WEARING
when they enter a country wearing
at an airport, port, border, etc. Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Do you recognize that man in the grey suit?
After you've been through immigration (control), you can She's always dressed in red.
go and get your luggage. immigration officers Learner example:
Learner example: [T]he man has to be dressed in black.
The immigration officers looked at her as if she was in time
[suspected of] doing something wrong. early or at the right time
Dictionary example:
importance /ɪmˈpɔː.tənts/ We arrived in time to catch the train.
Learner example:
Word family: If I [don']t come back in time you can put [a] note on my
Nouns: importance desk.
Adjectives: important, unimportant in advance
Adverbs: importantly before a particular time, or before doing a particular thing
NOUN [U] Dictionary example:
how important someone or something is If you're going to come, please let me know in advance.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Your views are of great importance to us. I can help you if you want to book your room in advance.
The report stresses the importance of fresh food in a diet. in fact
He emphasized the importance of following safety used to emphasize what is really true, or to give more
procedures. information
The company recognizes the importance of regular staff Dictionary examples:
training. We met Rebecca for lunch. In fact, we spent the whole
Learner example: afternoon with her.
Now I know the importance of electricity. I was told there were some tickets left but in fact they were
sold out.
important /ɪmˈpɔː.tənt/ Learner example:
The club has its own small clubhouse, with many things in
Word family: it. For example, there was a big pinball-game and some
Nouns: importance computers. In fact it was the best clubhouse I've ever seen.
Adjectives: important, unimportant in front
Adverbs: importantly further forward than someone or something else
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
POWERFUL The car in front suddenly stopped and I went into the back
having a lot of power, influence or effect of it.
Dictionary examples: She started talking to the man in front of her.
He was one of the most important writers of that period. Learner example:
an important person/decision As the concert finished, I heard someone call my name. I
Learner example: beli[e]ved it was my imagination or perhaps a dream
Recently I've read [two] good books, "La Coscienza di Zeno" because I couldn't see anyone in front, behind or opposite
and "Uno, Nessuno e Centomila", that are written by Svevo me.
and Pirandello, two of the most important writers of the XX in love
century in Italy. liking someone very much and having romantic or sexual
feelings for them
impossible /ɪmˈpɒs.ə.bl̩/ Dictionary example:
Have you ever been in love?
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: possibility, impossibility I think I am in love with him.
Adjectives: impossible, possible EXPERIENCE
Adverbs: possibly experiencing an emotion or condition
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
CANNOT HAPPEN She's in a bad/good mood this morning.

86
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

You're in great danger. Dictionary example:

He's living in luxury in the south of France. Are you looking for anything in particular?
Learner example: Learner example:
I hope you are in a good mood today, because we are I've read a lot of books recently, and in particular I liked:
planning to go to Cinepolis. "Eleven minutes" and "Veronica decides
ARRANGEMENT to die", written by Paulo Coelho.
arranged or divided in a particular way INVOLVED
Dictionary examples: involved or connected with a particular subject or activity
We all sat down in a circle. Dictionary examples:
The desks were arranged in rows of ten. a degree in philosophy
Discounts are available to people travelling in large groups. advances in medical science
The books on these shelves are arranged in alphabetical I never knew you worked in publishing.
order. Learner example:
Learner example: He is my age and we have the same tastes in music and
We often work in groups where we can talk in English. art.
in addition (to) (just) in case
as well (as) because of a possibility of something happening, being
Dictionary example: needed, etc.
In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a Dictionary examples:
castle in Scotland. I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some just in
Learner example: case.
In addition, I saw a wonderful programme about Aborigines. Bring a map in case you get lost.
in the end Learner example:
finally, after something has been thought about or I have my mobile with me just in case.
discussed a lot in case of sth
Dictionary example: when something happens, or in preparation for when
We were thinking about going to Switzerland, but in the end something happens
we went to Austria. Dictionary example:
Learner example: We keep a bucket of water backstage, in case of fire.
And in the end he invited me to visit him at his house in Learner example:
Miami! It is about how to rescue people in case of an accident or a
in detail natural disaster.
including or considering all the information about ADVERB
something or every part of something AT A PLACE
Dictionary examples: at the place where a person usually lives or works
We haven't discussed the matter in detail yet. Dictionary examples:
The book described her sufferings in great detail. Mr Ellis isn't in this week.
Learner example: Could you ask him to ring me when he gets in?
I'm really sorry that I didn't write back earlier, but to make Learner example:
up for this I will answer your questions in detail! My neighbour wasn't in.
in full
completely and with nothing missing
Dictionary example: inch /ɪntʃ/
The bill must be paid in full by the end of the month.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
Unfortunately, I wasn't able to read the e-mail in full, but as MEASUREMENT
I underst[oo]d, he wanted to apologise [for] what had a unit used for measuring length, which is approximately
happened between us many years ago. equal to 2.54
in future centimetres, sometimes shown by the symbol ″
beginning from now Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Twelve inches are equal to one foot.
Could you be more careful in future? He had a cut an inch long above his left eye.
In future, I'm going to check every single piece of work that The snow was six inches deep in some places.
you do! a piece of wood 2″ by 2″
Learner example: Learner example:
I hope it'll help me to understand many foreign people not He was one inch tall with strange clothes.
only in my job, but everywhere I go in future.
in general incorrect /ˌɪn.kəˈrekt/
usually, or in most situations
Dictionary examples: Word family:
In general, men are taller than women. Nouns: correction
In general, the weather here stays sunny. Adjectives: correct, incorrect
Learner example: Adverbs: correctly
In general, I like wearing informal clothes, like blue jeans ADJECTIVE
and T-shirts, but sometimes I like wearing formal clothes not correct
too. Dictionary examples:
in tears an incorrect answer
crying Your figures are incorrect.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
I found him in tears in his bedroom. Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to you concerning some
Learner example: incorrect information about Lampton that I have found in
By the end of it, Mary the Student Tourist Guidebook.
Anne was nearly in tears.
in order (for sb/sth) to do sth increase /ɪnˈkriːs/
with the purpose of achieving something
Dictionary examples: Word family:
He came home early in order to see the children before Nouns: increase
they went to bed. Verbs: increase
She worked all summer in order to save enough money. Adverbs: increasingly
Learner example: VERB [I or T]
As you certainly remember, last year I spent three month[s] to get bigger or to make something bigger in amount or
in England in order to improve my English. size
EXPRESSED Dictionary examples:
expressed or written in a particular way Sales of laptops have increased over the last few years.
Dictionary examples: The cost of the project has increased
They spoke in Russian the whole time. dramatically/significantly since it began.
Why not do a rough answer in pencil first? Gradually increase the temperature to boiling point.
Complete the form in (black) ink. Learner example:
Learner example: It is amazing how the violence in Rio increased in these last
I also speak in English during the break. few years.
in particular
especially incredible /ɪnˈkred.ə.bl̩/

87
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Adjectives: industrial, industrialized, industrious

Word family: NOUN
Nouns: credibility TYPE OF BUSINESS
Adjectives: incredible [C] the people and activities involved in one type of
Adverbs: incredibly business
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
VERY GOOD the gas/electricity industry
INFORMAL very good, exciting or large the tourist industry
Dictionary examples: manufacturing industries
We had an incredible time that summer. The computer industry has been booming.
They gave us an incredible amount of food. Learner example:
Learner example: As you know, I would like to work in [the] tourism industry,
The weather here is incredible and we have the most so I thought this course could be good to improve my
beautiful beaches in the world, in my opinion. English.

indeed /ɪnˈdiːd/ inexpensive /ˌɪn.ɪkˈspent.sɪv/

ADVERB Word family:

REALLY Nouns: expense, expenditure, expenses
really or certainly, often used to emphasize something Adjectives: expensive, inexpensive
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
Indeed, it could be the worst environmental disaster in cheap but of good quality
Western Europe this century. Dictionary example:
Evidence suggests that errors may indeed be occurring. inexpensive children's clothes
We live in strange times indeed. Learner example:
Many people are very poor indeed. It has far more advantages than the countryside, starting
Learner example: with the excellent accommodation, which is inexpensive
Thank you very much indeed. and easy to find.

indefinite article /ɪnˌdef.ɪ.nətˈɑː.tɪ.kl̩/ infinitive /ɪnˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv/

NOUN [C] SPECIALIZED NOUN [C] SPECIALIZED

the grammatical name for the words "a" and "an" in English the basic form of a verb that usually follows 'to'
or words in other languages which have a similar use Dictionary examples:
In the sentences 'I had to go' and 'I must go', 'go' is an
independent /ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt/ infinitive.
'Go' is the infinitive form.
Word family: inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/
Nouns: independence, dependence Word family:
Verbs: depend Nouns: information
Adjectives: dependent, independent Verbs: inform, misinform
Adverbs: independently Adjectives: informative
ADJECTIVE VERB [T]
NOT HELPED TELL
not taking help or money from other people to tell someone about something
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Grandma's very independent and does all her own shopping If he calls me again, I shall inform the police.
and cooking. I informed my boss that I was going to be away next week.
I've always been financially independent. Learner example:
Learner example: This letter is to inform you that I will not be able to attend
I'm an independent person, and I like to be. tomorrow's class due to medical issues.
GIVE INFORMATION
individual /ˌɪn.dəˈvɪd.ju.əl/ [OFTEN PASSIVE] to give someone information about
something
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: individual, individuality Patients should be informed about the risks.
Adjectives: individual Learner example:
Adverbs: individually Anyway, once a month I read gossip magazines and every
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] day I read newspapers to be informed.
SINGLE
considered separately from the other things in a group ingredient /ɪnˈgriː.di.ənt/
Dictionary example:
Read out the individual letters of each word. NOUN [C OFTEN PLURAL]
Learner example: FOOD
Well, this place is [a group of] small individual islands and a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a
there are[n't] many things that you can do [in] the capital particular dish
city as it's so small and crowded. Dictionary example:
RELATING TO ONE The list of ingredients included 250g of almonds.
given to or relating to one particular person or thing Learner example:
Dictionary examples: The chef had used good, fresh ingredients.
We deal with each case on an individual basis.
We all have an individual password. initial /ɪˈnɪʃ.əl/
Learner example:
The first lesson started with an individual presentation. Word family:
Nouns: initial, initiative
indoors /ˌɪnˈdɔːz/ Verbs: initiate
Adjectives: initial
Word family: Adverbs: initially
Adjectives: indoor NOUN [C USUALLY PLURAL]
Adverbs: indoors the first letter of a name, especially when used to represent
ADVERB a name
into or inside a building Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: He wrote his initials, P.M.R., at the bottom of the page.
Come indoors, it's cold outside. Paul M. Reynolds refused to say what the initial "M" stood
Spring bulbs can be grown indoors. for.
Learner example: They carved their initials into a tree.
I love being indoors, eating or watching TV. Learner example:
It was black and my initials [were] inside it.
industry /ˈɪn.də.stri/
injure /ˈɪn.dʒər/
Word family:
Nouns: industry, industrialization Word family:

88
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Nouns: injury PREPOSITION

Verbs: injure in place of
Adjectives: injured Dictionary examples:
VERB [T] You can go instead of me, if you want.
to hurt a person, animal or part of your body We should book the flights now instead of waiting until next
Dictionary examples: week.
A bomb exploded at the embassy, injuring several people. Learner example:
She fell and injured her shoulder. I had to admit that I would prefer to go with my friends and
He was badly/seriously injured in the crash. I decided to go with them instead of being with my parents.
Learner example:
Nobody from my family was injured, so that was one good instructor /ɪnˈstrʌk.tər/
[piece] of news.
Word family:
ink /ɪŋk/ Nouns: instruction, instructor
Verbs: instruct
NOUN [C or U] NOUN [C]
a coloured liquid that you use for writing, printing, or someone who teaches a particular sport or activity
drawing Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: a driving instructor
a bottle of ink Learner example:
blue/black/red ink There are professional instructors work[ing] in this club.
Please write in ink, not in pencil.
The book is printed in three different coloured inks. intelligent /ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒənt/
Learner example:
Her father had shown her once how to write with an Word family:
invisible ink. Nouns: intelligence
Adjectives: intelligent
inquiry (UK ALSO enquiry) /ɪnˈkwaɪə.ri/ ADJECTIVE
showing intelligence, or able to learn and understand things
Word family: easily
Nouns: inquiry Dictionary examples:
Verbs: inquire a highly intelligent young man
NOUN an intelligent remark
QUESTION Helen had a few intelligent things to say on the subject.
[C] a question that you ask when you want more Learner example:
information I've met my English teacher - she's very friendly and, I
Dictionary example: think, very intelligent.
I've been making inquiries about/into the cost of a round-
the-world ticket. intend /ɪnˈtend/
Learner example:
Dear Sue, I apologize for not responding to your letter for so Word family:
long, but I didn't forget to make some inquiries relating to Nouns: intention, intent
the job in the Water Sports Centre. Verbs: intend
Adjectives: intent
insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ VERB [T]
HAVE PLAN
VERB [I] to have as a plan or purpose
DEMAND Dictionary examples:
to demand that something must be done or that you must We intend to go to Australia next year.
have a particular thing Somehow I offended him, which wasn't what I'd intended.
Dictionary examples: I don't think she intended me to hear the remark.
The school insists on good behaviour from its students. It was intended as a compliment, honestly!
She insisted on seeing her lawyer. Learner example:
Please go first - I insist! I intend to invite many friends who were in [the] same
Learner example: university, but nobody knows this news, so I want to
But if they insist, you should listen to them because our surprise them.
parents love us and they want the best for us.
interest /ˈɪn.trəst/
install (UK ALSO instal) /ɪnˈstɔːl/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: interest
Nouns: installation Adjectives: interested, interesting, uninterested,
Verbs: install uninteresting
VERB [T] Adverbs: interestingly
COMPUTER NOUN
to put a computer program onto a computer so that the FEELING
computer can use it [U NO PLURAL] the feeling of wanting to give your
Dictionary example: attention to something or of wanting to discover more
Andrew, can you help me install this software? about it
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
We have learned how to install components like a I've always had an interest in astronomy.
Soundboard or a CD-Rom drive. He never seems to show any interest in his children.
EQUIPMENT Unfortunately, I lost interest half way through the film.
to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready She takes more of an interest in politics these days.
for use Just out of interest, how old is your wife?
Dictionary example: Learner example:
The plumber is coming tomorrow to install the new washing Well, really I don't have much interest in clothes.
machine. ACTIVITY/SUBJECT
Learner example: [C OFTEN PLURAL] something that you enjoy doing,
On my third day I helped them to install the sound system. studying or experiencing
Dictionary example:
instance /ˈɪnt.stənts/ On his form he lists his interests as cycling, the cinema and
cooking.
NOUN Learner example:
for instance In your next letter tell me about your hobbies and interests.
for example QUALITY
Dictionary example: [U] the quality that makes you think that something is
In the electronics industry, for instance, 5000 jobs are being interesting
lost. Dictionary example:
Learner example: Would this book be of any interest to you?
For instance, you can do mountain walks. Learner example:
instead of

89
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

We visited the Eiffel Tower and lots of other places of We've had 200 applicants for the job, but we only plan to
interest. interview about 20 of them.
VERB [T] Who's the most famous person you've ever interviewed on
If someone or something interests you, you want to give TV?
them your attention and Learner example:
discover more about them. We had to interview our partner and to present him to the
Dictionary example: class.
Sport has never really interested me.
Learner example: into /ˈɪn.tuː/
Fortunately I saw an advertisement for a job [i]n the local
newspaper that might interest you. PREPOSITION
HIT
intermediate /ˌɪn.təˈmiː.di.ət/ moving towards something or someone and hitting them
Dictionary example:
ADJECTIVE He's always walking into things when he hasn't got his
between the highest and lowest levels of knowledge or skill glasses on.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
There are three levels of difficulty in this game: low, Then I bumped into a man... What a surprise! [It] was Thom
intermediate and high. Yorke.
This novel is too difficult for intermediate students of TOWARDS
English. in the direction of something or someone
Learner example: Dictionary example:
My level is intermediate. She was looking straight into his eyes.
Learner example:
internationally /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl.i/ I turned around and looked into the eyes of my favourite
football player Timo Hildebrand.
Word family: be into sth
Adjectives: international INFORMAL to be very interested in something
Adverbs: internationally Dictionary example:
ADVERB Will's really into jazz.
in many countries Learner example:
Dictionary example: I think I'm going to buy the 'Grind' movie because it's about
Her internationally acclaimed novel has won several literary skateboarding and you know I'm really into skateboarding.
prizes.
Learner example: introduce /ˌɪn.trəˈdjuːs/
This film was directed by Yasujino-Ozo, who is
internationally famous, although his film is very Japanese. Word family:
Nouns: introduction
interrupt /ˌɪn.təˈrʌpt/ Verbs: introduce
VERB [T]
Word family: MEETING PEOPLE
Nouns: interruption to tell someone another person's name the first time that
Verbs: interrupt they meet
VERB Dictionary examples:
STOP SPEAKING I'd like to introduce my younger son, Mark.
[I or T] to stop someone while they are talking or doing Have you two been introduced (to each other)?
something, by saying or doing something yourself Learner example:
Dictionary examples: We were introduced to each other and we talked about our
She tried to explain what had happened but he kept home countries.
interrupting her.
I wish you'd stop interrupting. invent /ɪnˈvent/
Learner example:
Her thoughts were interrupted by Ben, who asked if she Word family:
wanted to go for a walk with him. Nouns: invention, inventor
Verbs: invent
interval /ˈɪnt.ə.vəl/ VERB [T]
NEW DESIGN
NOUN [C] to design or create something which has never existed
THEATRE before
a short period of time between the parts of a play, Dictionary example:
performance, etc. The first safety razor was invented by company founder
Dictionary example: King C. Gillette in 1903.
The show "Zorro" had only one interval of 20 minutes. Learner example:
Learner example: Lots of different and important things were invented during
During the interval I [wanted to] drink coffee in [the] the 20th century, [but] I believe that the most important
theatre restaurant, [but] it was closed. one is the computer.

interview /ˈɪn.tə.vjuː/ invention /ɪnˈvent.ʃən/

NOUN [C] Word family:

FOR JOB Nouns: invention, inventor
a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if Verbs: invent
you are suitable for a job or course NOUN [C or U]
Dictionary examples: something which has been designed or created for the first
a job interview time, or the act of creating or designing something
I had an interview for a job with a publishing firm. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: The world changed rapidly after the invention of the
I have to go [to] a job interview which I'm looking forward telephone.
[to]. a most amazing invention
FOR ARTICLE/TV, ETC. Learner example:
a meeting in which someone is asked questions about I think that the television is one of the most amazing
themselves for a newspaper article, television show, etc inventions ever.
Dictionary examples:
an exclusive interview with Paul Simon involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/
In a television interview last night she denied she had any
intention of resigning. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: involvement
I especially enjoyed [the] Roberto Carlos interview, did you Verbs: involve
know he use[d] to be a striker? Adjectives: involved
VERB [T] VERB [T]
to ask someone questions in an interview NECESSARY PART
Dictionary examples:

90
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

If a situation or activity involves something, that thing is a You're a student so this should be a very important issue for
necessary part of it. you.
Dictionary examples:
The trips often involve a lot of walking. item /ˈaɪ.təm/
The course involves a huge amount of reading.
There are a lot of risks involved. NOUN [C]
Learner example: PART OF SET
It is a competition for school[s] and it involves many kinds a single thing in a set or on a list
of sport. Dictionary examples:
AFFECT/INCLUDE the last item on the list
to affect or include someone or something in an activity The restaurant has a long menu of about 50 items.
Dictionary examples: Several items of clothing lay on the floor.
The second accident involved two cars and a lorry. Learner example:
It would be difficult not to involve the child's father in the I have tasted all the items in that restaurant.
arrangements.
Learner example: itself /ɪtˈself/
She had writ[t]en me to tell me that our friends Todd and
Alice had died in an strange accident that involved a PRONOUN
vacu[u]m cleaner. (by) itself
alone or without help
ron /aɪən/ Dictionary examples:
The dog was in the house by itself for several days.
Word family: The dog managed to drag the box into the room by itself.
Nouns: iron, ironing I didn't take any medicine for the cough - it just got better
Verbs: iron itself.
NOUN Learner example:
METAL If an animal is kept by itself, with no-one to keep it
[U] a dark grey metal used to make steel and found in very company, it [gets] lonely and very sad.
small amounts in blood and food EMPHASIS
Dictionary examples: used to put emphasis on a word
an iron bar Dictionary example:
Iron rusts easily. The shop itself started 15 years ago but the mail order side
Liver is a particularly rich source of iron. of the business is new.
Learner example: Learner example:
It wasn't very expensive because it was made of iron There are lots of trees and bushes, but the city itself is
without any decoration, but it was important because she quite ugly.
gave it to me before she died.
FOR CLOTHES
[C] a piece of electrical equipment that you use for making jail /dʒeɪl/
clothes flat and smooth
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C or U]
a steam iron a place where criminals are kept as a punishment
a travel iron Dictionary examples:
Learner example: the country's overcrowded jails
For example, are there any people who want to buy an iron a 13-year jail sentence/term
at midnight? He was sent to jail for five years.
VERB [I or T] The financier was released from jail last week.
to make clothes flat and smooth using an iron They spent ten years in jail for fraud.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
I need to iron a shirt to wear tomorrow. Otherwise, they will throw him in jail for his bad past.
Learner example:
I like wearing jeans because the[y] are very co[m]fortable, jar /dʒɑːr/
and are also easy to wash and to iron.
NOUN [C]
ironing /ˈaɪə.nɪŋ/ a glass container used for storing food
Dictionary examples:
Word family: a jar of coffee/honey
Nouns: iron, ironing a jam jar
Verbs: iron Learner example:
NOUN [U] I've already bought them a jar of "Dulce de leche", that I'm
the activity of making clothes flat and smooth, using an iron sure they will love.
Dictionary example:
I must do some ironing tonight. jealous /ˈdʒel.əs/
Learner example:
In the [near] future, everything will be done by computers Word family:
and machines (washing-up, ho[o]vering, ironing, gardening, Nouns: jealousy
cooking, etc.) Adjectives: jealous
Adverbs: jealously
irregular /ɪˈreg.jə.lər/ ADJECTIVE
UNHAPPY IN LOVE
Word family: upset and angry because someone you love seems
Adjectives: irregular, regular interested in another person
Adverbs: regularly Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE a jealous husband/wife
GRAMMAR Anna says she feels jealous every time another woman
FORMAL In grammar, an irregular verb, noun, adjective, etc. looks at her boyfriend.
does not obey the usual rules for words in the language. Learner example:
Dictionary example: The problem is that, a few months ago, when he had
a table of irregular verbs broken up with me, I wanted him to feel jealous, so I started
meeting Fredo, a friend.
issue /ˈɪʃ.uː/
jet /dʒet/
NOUN [C]
SUBJECT NOUN [C]
a subject or problem which people are thinking and talking an aircraft with a jet engine, which is able to fly very fast
about Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: a jet plane
environmental/moral/personal issues a private jet
As employers we need to be seen to be addressing these We flew to New York by jet.
issues sympathetically. Learner example:
Learner example: After we went [in] his private jet to his mansion.

91
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

jog /dʒɒg/
judge /dʒʌdʒ/
Word family:
Nouns: jogging Word family:
Verbs: jog Nouns: judge, judgment
VERB [I] Verbs: judge
to run slowly for exercise NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: COMPETITION
I jog through the park every morning. someone who decides which person or thing wins a
Learner example: competition
When you jog, you can feel your [whole] body moving. Dictionary example:
the Olympic judges
jogging /ˈdʒɒg.ɪŋ/ Learner example:
However, the Astro singing competition is different. The
Word family: winner will be [decided] according [to]
Nouns: jogging the marks given by the judge.
Verbs: jog VERB
NOUN [U] DEVELOP OPINION
when you jog [I or T] to have or develop an opinion about something or
Dictionary example: someone, especially after
Let's go jogging. thinking carefully
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
You can stay in a hotel in Copacabana [and] go jogging in So far, he seems to be handling the job well, but it's really
the morning. too soon to judge.
It's difficult to judge whether the new system really is an
join /dʒɔɪn/ improvement.
The meeting was judged to have been a success.
Word family: I'm hopeless at judging distance(s).
Verbs: join Learner example:
Adjectives: joint It's very difficult to judge, because so many young people
Adverbs: jointly leave Poland and go to [an]other country.
VERB
CONNECT jug /dʒʌg/
[T] to fasten or connect things together
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
A bridge joins the two islands. a container with a handle used for pouring out liquids
Join the two pieces together using strong glue. Dictionary examples:
The island is joined to the mainland by a road bridge. a glass/plastic jug
MEET a milk/water jug
[I or T] If roads or rivers join, they meet at a particular
point. juicy /ˈdʒuː.si/
Dictionary examples:
The A11 joins the M11 south of Cambridge. Word family:
The River Murray and the River Darling join east of Nouns: juice
Adelaide. Adjectives: juicy
ADJECTIVE
joke /dʒəʊk/ WITH JUICE
full of juice
NOUN [C] Dictionary example:
FUNNY juicy mangoes
something which someone says to make people laugh, Learner example:
usually a short story with a funny ending You must taste [the] oranges because they are so juicy, so
Dictionary examples: sweet.
Did I tell you the joke about the chicken crossing the road?
I hope Rob doesn't tell any of his dirty jokes when my jump /dʒʌmp/
mother's here.
Don't you get the joke? VERB
Learner example: jump in/into/up, etc.
In the first lesson, the teacher came in and told us a joke, to move or act suddenly or quickly
and the most important thing [was]... the joke was funny! Dictionary examples:
VERB [I] She jumped in/into a taxi and rushed to the station.
NOT SERIOUS He suddenly jumped to his feet/jumped up and left.
to say funny things, or not be serious Learner example:
Dictionary examples: So I jumped into my car and when I got to the stadium I
They joked and laughed as they looked at the photos. started to run.
It's more serious than you think, so please don't joke about NOUN [C]
it. a sudden movement off the ground or off a high place
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I thought he was joking! He won with a jump of 8.5 metres.
You must be joking!/ You're joking! a bungee/parachute jump
INFORMAL something you say to show that you are Learner example:
surprised by what someone has said, or do not believe it is She could not believe that she, the shy and unimportant
true Laura Wilcox, was standing on the top of a bridge ready for
Dictionary example: her bungee jump.
"He spoke to me in French." "You're joking! Really?"
Learner example: jungle /ˈdʒʌŋ.gl̩/
One television set in my house? You must be joking! We
need four televisions! NOUN [C or U]
a tropical forest in which trees and plants grow very closely
journalist /ˈdʒɜː.nə.lɪst/ together
Dictionary examples:
Word family: The Yanomami people live in the South American jungle.
Nouns: journalism, journalist Either side of the river is dense, impenetrable jungle.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
a person who writes news stories or articles for a It is a little bit far and out of the city, near the jungle and
newspaper or magazine or broadcasts them on radio or [the] mountains.
television
Dictionary example: just /dʒʌst/
a freelance political journalist
Learner example: Word family:
She is a journalist [on] the local newspaper and we get Nouns: justice, injustice
along very well. Adjectives: just

92
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

ADVERB Dictionary example:

ONLY The shop is keen to attract new customers.
only; simply Learner example:
Dictionary examples: He is very keen to write [a] report about crime.
"Would you like another drink?" "OK, just one more."
It was just a joke. keep /kiːp/
The film is not just about love.
Just because you're older than me doesn't mean you can Word family:
tell me what to do. Nouns: keeper
Learner example: Verbs: keep
It was just a dream... VERB (kept, kept)
ALMOST NOT keep doing sth
almost not to continue doing something without stopping, or to do it
Dictionary examples: repeatedly
This dress only just fits! Dictionary examples:
We arrived at the airport just in time to catch the plane. He keeps trying to distract me.
Learner example: I kept hoping that he'd phone me.
The airplane will arrive at midday, just in time for lunch. Learner example:
EXACTLY I don't know why I wanted to meet her so much but my
exactly or equally heart just kept telling me to go after her.
Dictionary examples: keep in touch
This carpet would be just right for the dining room. to communicate or continue to communicate with someone,
The twins look just like each other. for example by email or telephone
Things turned out just as I expected. Dictionary example:
You've got just as many toys as your brother. We've kept in touch by email for the last five years.
I can't help you just now. Learner example:
Just then, the lights went out. Please keep in touch with me.
Learner example: DELAY
After the play, which turned out to be just as bad as I [T] to delay someone or prevent them from doing
thought, I wanted to relax in the Theatre something
Restaurant, but it was closed, and for no reason! Dictionary examples:
EMPHASIS He's very late, what's keeping him?
used to emphasize something you say She kept me talking on the phone for half an hour.
Dictionary examples: Don't let me keep you from your work.
It's just dreadful what happened to her. keep a/sth secret
I just can't bear it! to not tell anyone a secret/ about something secret
Learner example: Dictionary example:
That is my best place - it is just wonderful. Mr Brown apparently delayed the announcement, and
just about managed to keep it secret from the entire cabinet.
more or less; almost Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I [had] loved Sean since sixth grade but I was keeping it a
"Can you see the stage?" "Yes, just about." secret.
I've just about finished painting the living room.
Learner example: keeper /ˈkiː.pər/
I was just about 2 months [older].
be just about to do sth Word family:
to be going to do something very soon Nouns: keeper
Dictionary example: Verbs: keep
I was just about to phone you. NOUN [C]
Learner example: LOOKING AFTER
I was so amazed that I didn't realize I was just about to fall a person who takes care of animals or is in charge of
into the lake. valuable objects, a building, etc.
just as bad/good/tall/clever, etc. (as sb/sth) Dictionary examples:
equally bad/good/tall/clever, etc. a zoo keeper
Dictionary example: a lighthouse-keeper
He's just as talented as his brother. Learner example:
Learner example: Tina was confused because she wasn't a dragon keeper, so
Everywhere he went was just as good as he expected. normal[l]y dragons didn't speak with her.
just before/over/under, etc. FOOTBALL
a little before/over/under, etc. something else short for goalkeeper
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
She left just before Michael. The keeper intends to stay with the club until the end of
It costs just under £10. next season.
Learner example: Learner example:
Last autumn I bought a new flat in Siedke which I moved He is a very good keeper - before he play[ed] football, he
into just before New Year's Eve. was in a karate club.

kettle /ˈket.l̩/
kangaroo /ˌkæŋɡəˈruː/ NOUN [C]
a covered metal or plastic container with a handle and a
NOUN [C] shaped opening for pouring, used for boiling water
a large Australian animal that moves by jumping on its back Learner example:
legs If I have an electric kettle in my bedroom, I won't need to
Dictionary example: go to the kitchen.
Kangaroos are a danger on the roads.
Learner example: key /kiː/
Furthermore it has been my dream since I was five years
old to see a kangaroo and play with it. NOUN [C]
METHOD
keen /kiːn/ a way of explaining or achieving something
Dictionary example:
ADJECTIVE Hard work is the key to success.
INTERESTED Learner example:
very interested or enthusiastic To those who say that money can't buy happiness I answer
Dictionary examples: that money is a key to happiness.
She's a keen tennis player.
She's keen on (playing) tennis. killer /ˈkɪl.ər/
Learner example:
We are both quite keen on sailing and skiing. Word family:
WANTING TO DO Nouns: killer, killing
wanting to do something very much Verbs: kill

93
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NOUN [C] women's underwear that covers the bottom

! someone who kills another person Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: Learner example:
Police are still hoping to find the dead woman's killer. There was one time when Pat and I had a fight. It all started
Learner example: when I accident[al]ly took the wrong bag back to my house,
I opened the window to take a breath of fresh air and I saw and there w[ere] lad[ies'] knickers inside.
the man again, the killer, smoking a cigarette and looking
at me. knit /nɪt/

killing /ˈkɪl.ɪŋ/ VERB [I or T]

to make clothes, etc. by using two long needles to connect
Word family: wool or another type of thread into joined rows
Nouns: killer, killing Dictionary examples:
Verbs: kill She's forever knitting.
NOUN [C] She's busy knitting baby clothes.
! when a person is murdered My granny knitted me some gloves/knitted some gloves for
Dictionary example: me.
a series of brutal killings Learner example:
Learner example: I would really like to learn how to knit sweaters and hats.
During the film there were a lot of explosions, killings and
action scenes. knock /nɒk/

kind /kaɪnd/ VERB

MAKE NOISE
Word family: [I] to repeatedly hit something, making a noise
Nouns: kindness Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: kind, unkind She knocked on the window to attract his attention.
Adverbs: kindly There's someone knocking on/at the door.
NOUN [C] Please knock before entering.
that kind of thing Learner example:
used to show that what you have just said is only an On Monday, a person knocked on my door.
example from a larger group HIT
of things [T] to hit, especially forcefully, and cause to move or fall
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
I like pasta, pizza - that kind of thing. He accidentally knocked the vase off the table.
Learner example: She knocked her head against the wall as she fell.
I enjoy that kind of thing, going to buy presents. She took a hammer and knocked a hole in the wall.
some kind of Learner example:
used to talk about something when you are not sure of its Falling down, I knocked my head on the pa[v]ement.
exact type
Dictionary example: know /nəʊ/
She has some kind of disability.
Learner example: Word family:
You should try joining some kind of club. Nouns: knowledge, unknown
Verbs: know
kindly /ˈkaɪnd.li/ Adjectives: known, unknown, knowledgeable
Adverbs: knowingly
Word family: VERB (knew, known)
Nouns: kindness you know
Adjectives: kind, unkind used to emphasize what you are saying, or used before you
Adverbs: kindly start to talk about someone or something, or used as
ADVERB something to say while you are thinking what to say next
in a kind way Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: I'm not stupid, you know!
Stella has very kindly offered to help out with the food for You know the bookshop next to the bank? Well, it's closing
the party. down.
Learner example: It's, you know, supposed to be a surprise on her birthday.
He answers my simple questions kindly. BE FAMILIAR WITH
[T] to be familiar with or have experience and
kit /kɪt/ understanding of
Dictionary examples:
NOUN I've known Daniel since we were at school together.
COLLECTION She grew up in Paris so she knows it well.
[C] a collection of things kept in a container for a particular I've seen the film 'Casablanca' so many times that I know a
use lot of it by heart.
Dictionary example: Knowing Sarah, she'll have done a good job.
a first-aid/tool kit Learner example:
Learner example: I knew him in London, and when I knew him I was very
I would rather buy a big travel kit, including a first-aid kit. happy.
UNDERSTAND A SUBJECT
kitten /ˈkɪt.ən/ [I or T] (ALSO know about) If you know a subject, you are
familiar with it and understand it.
NOUN [C] Dictionary example:
a young cat Do you know about computers?
Dictionary example: Learner example:
Our cat's had two kittens. If you want to know more about Peruvian history, I
recommend you [visit] the city because you can see the old
knee /niː/ houses and museum[s].
get to know sb/sth
NOUN [C] to spend time with someone or something so that you
the middle part of your leg where it bends gradually learn more about them
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a knee injury The first couple of meetings are for the doctor and patient
The baby was crawling around on its hands and knees. to get to know each other.
He got/went down on his knees in front of the altar. I'll need a few weeks to get to know the system.
Learner example: Learner example:
He entered the living room drunk and with blood over his I hope you can come here and get to know him.
knee. I know
used when you have an idea
knickers /ˈnɪk.əz/ Dictionary example:
I know - let's go to Helen's house.
NOUN [PLURAL] as you know

94
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

used when you are saying something that someone already NOUN
knows lack of sth
Dictionary example: not having something, or not having enough of something
As you know, we have been trying to contact him. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Her only problem is lack of confidence.
As you know, I am in New York. Lack of sleep had made him irritable.
If he fails it won't be for/through lack of effort.
knowledge /ˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/ We won't be going on holiday this year - lack of money, I'm
afraid.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: knowledge, unknown If you like nature, wish to see tropical birds, which are rare
Verbs: know in your country, or just wish to have a pleasant time, the
Adjectives: known, unknown, knowledgeable countryside is the best option, [despite] the lack of
Adverbs: knowingly nightlife.
NOUN
UNDERSTANDING ladder /ˈlæd.ər/
[U NO PLURAL] information and understanding that you
have in your mind NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: EQUIPMENT
Her knowledge of English grammar is very extensive. a piece of equipment which is used to reach high places,
He has a limited knowledge of French. consisting of short steps fixed between two long sides
The details of the scandal are now common knowledge. Dictionary example:
Learner example: She was up a ladder, cleaning the window.
Actually, I wanted to improve my English knowledge, Learner example:
because I need a good job. My grandfather fell down from the ladder yesterday while
he [was] fixing the broken light bulbs.
known /nəʊn/
lady /ˈleɪ.di/
Word family:
Nouns: knowledge, unknown NOUN [C]
Verbs: know a polite or old fashioned way of referring to or talking to a
Adjectives: known, unknown, knowledgeable woman
Adverbs: knowingly Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE There's a young lady here to see you.
be known as sth Say "thank you" to the lady, children.
to be called Learner example:
Dictionary example: A very nice lady offer[ed] me a ride home but I refuse[d].
California is also known as the Sunshine State.
Learner example: lamb /læm/
He studied in Central College, which is now known as
Queen's College. NOUN [C or U]
a young sheep, or the flesh of a young sheep eaten as meat
Dictionary examples:
lab /læb/ We were staying on a farm where there were newborn
lambs.
NOUN [C] INFORMAL roast lamb
a laboratory Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I special[l]y like the eggs and rice, and the spicy lamb that
a science/computer lab they are quite good at.
a lab technician
Learner example: land /lænd/
There are computer labs too.
Word family:
label /ˈleɪ.bəl/ Nouns: land, landing
Verbs: land
NOUN [C] NOUN
INFORMATION AREA OF GROUND
a small piece of paper or other material which gives [U] an area of ground, especially when used for a particular
information about the thing it is fixed to purpose such as farming or building
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Remember to put some address labels on the suitcases. This sort of land is no good for growing potatoes.
Washing instructions should be on the label. We want to buy a plot of land to build a house.
Learner example: Learner example:
It was the price label hanging from the skirt belt. One man talked about how people can use their land
COMPANY properly, how they [should] take care of their poultry farm
a company which produces goods for sale, the goods or dairy farm, [and] how they can take care of their trees
themselves, or the and crops.
company's name or symbol VERB
Dictionary examples: ARRIVE
Her favourite designer label is Armani. [I or T] to arrive at a place in a plane or a boat, or to make
Their own-label vegetarian products have been a huge a plane or a boat reach the land
success. Dictionary examples:
The group have just signed with a new record label. We should land in Madrid at 7am.
Learner example: You can land a plane on water in an emergency.
Another style which I like is the clothes from big labels like We landed at Port Said in the early evening.
Armani, Dolce and Gabanna and Hugo Boss, but they are Learner example:
very expensive. When we landed, my suitcase was not there.
laboratory /ləˈbɒr.ə.tri/ landscape /ˈlænd.skeɪp/
NOUN [C] NOUN [C]
a room used for scientific work the appearance of an area of land, especially in the
Dictionary examples: countryside
research laboratories Dictionary examples:
a computer laboratory a rural landscape
Laboratory tests suggest that the new drug may be used to The castle dominates the landscape for miles around.
treat cancer. Learner example:
Learner example: The landscape was beautiful with a lake, a lot of animals,
I was in my school, in a laboratory, when I lost it. birds, [and] many flowers.
lack /læk/ language /ˈlæŋ.gwɪdʒ/

95
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NOUN I can't go into work looking like this - everyone will laugh at
COMMUNICATION me.
[U] communication between people, usually using words If you say that, people will just laugh at you.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
She has done research into how children acquire language. All my friends laughed at me.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
Language is very important [for] communicat[ion] between the act or sound of laughing
people. Dictionary examples:
a loud/nervous laugh
last /lɑːst/ I was embarrassed at the time, but I had a good laugh
about it later.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: last There is a beautiful beach there where you can swim, play
Adjectives: last football and enjoy a good laugh with your friends.
Adverbs: last, lastly
ADJECTIVE; DETERMINER law /lɔː/
REMAINING
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] only remaining Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: law, lawyer
Who wants the last piece of cake? NOUN
Learner example: SUBJECT
The cam[e]ras watch everybody in the house 24 hours [a [U] the subject or job of understanding and dealing with the
day]. Every Friday, the public decide[s] who [should leave]. official laws of a country
The last person wins this show. Dictionary examples:
ADVERB to study/practise law
MOST RECENT a law school/firm
used to talk about the most recent time you did something a specialist in commercial/criminal/international law
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
When did you last see her? Her name is Martina, she is twenty-one years old and she
I think it was July when I last spoke to him. studies law in Bologna.
Learner example:
Write back soon and let me know what you [have been] up lawyer /ˈlɔɪ.ər/
to since I heard from you last.
NOUN; PRONOUN Word family:
at (long) last Nouns: law, lawyer
finally NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: someone whose job is to give advice to people about the
At last, I've found a pair of jeans that actually fit. law and speak for them in court
Learner example: Dictionary example:
At last, all of us agreed on "Cinema Farhang". I want to see my lawyer before I say anything.
VERB [I] Learner example:
CONTINUE After that she thank[ed] me and she told me that she is a
to continue to happen, exist, or be useful lawyer.
Dictionary examples:
How long will the meeting last? lay /leɪ/
We don't get much sun - enjoy it while it lasts!
Most sessions last about an hour. VERB [T] (laid, laid)
The batteries only last about five hours. lay the table
Learner example: to put plates, knives, forks, etc. on the table to prepare for
We saw a new film, "Signs", that I liked very much, even a meal
though I found it very long: it lasted about 3 hours! Dictionary example:
Could you lay the table for me, please?
lately /ˈleɪt.li/ Learner example:
Before she came to my home, I prepared everything
Word family: perfectly, laying the table with silver spoons, flowers and
Adjectives: late, latest candles.
Adverbs: lately, later
ADVERB lead /liːd/
recently
Dictionary examples: Word family:
Lately, I've been walking to work. Nouns: lead, leader, leadership
I haven't been feeling so well lately. Verbs: lead, mislead
Learner example: Adjectives: lead, leading, misleading
I'm sorry I couldn't write back to you before but I've been VERB (led, led)
very busy lately. SHOW WAY
[I or T] to show someone where to go, usually by taking
later /ˈleɪ.tər/ them to a place or by going in front of them
Dictionary examples:
Word family: I don't know the way, so you'd better lead.
Adjectives: late, latest She led them down the hall.
Adverbs: lately, later The waiter led us to our table.
ADVERB Our guide led us through the mountains.
later on She took the child by the hand and led him upstairs to bed.
at a time in the future, or after the time you have He led the horse out of the stable.
mentioned Learner example:
Dictionary examples: And you can go to the nearest village, where you can [take
What are you doing later on this evening? a] mountain walk led by experienced guides.
Shall I go and fetch her later on? ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN]
Later on, we could go and have a meal if you like. The lead performer or lead part in a performance is the
Learner example: main performer or part.
But later on, I could not beli[e]ve what actually happened. Dictionary example:
Who played the lead role?
laugh /lɑːf/ Learner example:
It was Dave Grohl, the lead singer of Foo Fighters!
Word family:
Nouns: laugh, laughter leader /ˈliː.dər/
Verbs: laugh
VERB [I] Word family:
laugh at sb/sth PHRASAL VERB Nouns: lead, leader, leadership
to show that you think someone or something is stupid Verbs: lead, mislead
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: lead, leading, misleading
NOUN [C]

96
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

PERSON IN CONTROL It was the answer she least wanted to hear.

a person in control of a group, country, or situation Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Every day was the same and I thought that nothing w[ould]
a tour leader change but I was wrong - something changed and that
The Russian leader wants to introduce further changes. something happen[e]d on the day I least expected it to.
He's a natural leader.
She was elected as leader of the campaign group. leave /liːv/
Learner example:
When I arrived there, the group leader introduced me to all VERB (left, left)
the others, and they all were very friendly. END RELATIONSHIP
[I or T] to end a relationship with a husband, wife, or
leaf /liːf/ partner and stop living with
them
NOUN [C] (PLURAL leaves) Dictionary examples:
PLANT I'll never leave you.
a flat, green part of a plant that grows from a stem or She left him for a younger man.
branch Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Jose, who is a bus driver, was very unhappy, because his
a lettuce leaf girlfriend [had] left him.
autumn leaves
He was sweeping up leaves in his garden. lecture /ˈlek.tʃər/
Learner example:
One of the things that I like [about] goril[l]as is that they Word family:
are strong and they eat leaves, and another thing is that Nouns: lecture, lecturer
they can move very fast through the trees. Verbs: lecture
NOUN [C]
league /liːg/ a formal talk on a serious or specialist subject given to a
group of people,
NOUN [C] especially students
a group of teams which compete against each other in a Dictionary examples:
sport We went to a lecture on Italian art.
Dictionary examples: Who's giving the lecture this afternoon?
Who do you think will win the league championship this Learner example:
year? The film will start at 9.30pm, so you could reach us after
Liverpool were top of the Football League that year. your lectures at the university in the pub near the cinema.
They are currently bottom of the league.
Learner example: leisure /ˈleʒ.ər/
For example, I like live football match[es] from [the]
Premier league. NOUN [U]
the time when you are not working
learn /lɜːn/ (learned or learnt, learned or learnt) Dictionary examples:
leisure activities
Word family: Most people only have a limited amount of leisure time.
Nouns: learner, learning The town lacks leisure facilities such as a swimming pool
Verbs: learn or squash courts.
VERB Learner example:
REMEMBER Reading is my favourite leisure activity. I've already read
[T] to make yourself remember a piece of writing by fifteen books this year.
reading it or repeating it many
times length /leŋkθ/
Dictionary examples:
I don't know how actors manage to learn all those lines. Word family:
We were told to learn Portia's speech by heart for Nouns: length
homework. Verbs: lengthen
Learner example: Adjectives: lengthy
He was a very famous and popular actor. He's very funny NOUN [C or U]
and he shows us very useful tricks to [help us] learn our DISTANCE
roles. the measurement or distance of something from one end to
BE TOLD INFORMATION the other
[I or T] to be told facts or information that you did not know Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: The boat is ten metres in length.
We were all shocked to learn of his death. The length of the bay is approximately 200 miles.
I later learnt (that) the message had never arrived. Learner example:
I only learnt about the accident later. The new one has a length of 2.10 metres.
Learner example:
I was pleased to learn that you are coming to Switzerland. let /let/

least /liːst/ VERB (letting, let, let)

ALLOW
ADVERB [T] to allow someone to do something, or to allow
at least something to happen
even if nothing else happens or is true Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: She wanted to go but her parents wouldn't let her.
If you can't manage to clean the whole house, at least He decided to let his hair grow long.
make sure the kitchen is clean. Let your shoes dry completely before putting them on.
Learner example: I'm letting you stay up late, just this once.
We could go shopping or at least go and have an ice-cream Don't let it worry you.
somewhere. Learner example:
at least I hope my parents let me go with you [to] New York.
something that you say when you are telling someone
about an advantage in a bad situation lettuce /ˈlet.ɪs/
Dictionary example:
It's a small house but at least there's a garden. NOUN [C or U]
Learner example: a plant with large green leaves, eaten raw in salads
It is not impressive but at least it has some things that I Dictionary example:
like. Mix the lettuce and tomatoes together.
LESS Learner example:
less than anything or anyone else It contains two burgers, cheese, lettuce, tomato and
Dictionary examples: [any]thing else that you want to put [i]n it.
I chose the least expensive dish on the menu. lie1 /laɪ/
This group is the least likely of the four to win. VERB [I] (lying, lay, lain)
Disaster struck when we least expected it. OBJECT

97
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

to be on a particular surface NOUN

Dictionary examples: BRIGHTNESS
A pen lay on the desk. [U] the brightness that comes from the sun, fire, etc. and
There were papers lying all over the floor. from electrical devices, and that allows things to be seen
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I hurried into the airport to find my suitcase lying in one bright light
corner. Light was streaming in through the open door.
PLACE It's a north-facing room so it doesn't get much light.
to be in a particular place or position Learner example:
Dictionary examples: We spent some wonderful days admiring the famous bright
The river lies 30km to the south. Nordic light which has made Shagen so popular amongst
Cambridge United are lying third in the league. painters.
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
It lies in the south of the Czech Republic and it's [a] lovely BRIGHT
place where you can spend your holiday. lit by the natural light of the day
Dictionary examples:
lie /laɪ/ It gets light very early these summer mornings.
Summer is coming and the evenings are getting lighter.
Word family: Let's finish the work while it's still light enough to see.
Nouns: liar, lie Learner example:
Verbs: lie In the cent[re] of the town, streets are narrow and in many
VERB [I] (lying, lied, lied) cases, they [ar]en't light enough.
to say or write something which is not true in order to NOT MUCH
deceive someone small in amount
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Are you lying to me? A light wind was blowing.
Don't trust her - she's lying. The traffic was quite light so we got through London
I suspect he lies about his age. quickly.
Learner example: It's only light rain - you don't need an umbrella.
She lied [to] me and said she could not come with me I don't eat much for lunch - just a light snack.
because she had work. Learner example:
NOUN [C] The weather here is very warm and sunny with [a] light
something that you say which you know is not true breeze.
Dictionary example: VERB (lit or lighted, lit or lighted)
I told a lie when I said I liked her haircut. START FLAMES
Learner example: [I or T] to start to burn or to make something start to burn
The [e-]mail was full of lies about things that I had never Dictionary examples:
done. to light a fire
I can't get the cooker to light.
life /laɪf/ (PLURAL lives) He lit his fifth cigarette in half an hour.
Learner example:
NOUN We [put up] the tents and lit the fire.
PLANTS/ANIMALS
[U] everything which is alive lighter /ˈlaɪ.tər/
Dictionary example:
human/marine/plant life Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: light, lighter, lighting
Recently, I've enjoyed watch[ing] programmes about sea Verbs: light
life. Adjectives: light
WAY OF LIVING Adverbs: lightly
[C or U] a way of living NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: a small object that produces a flame and is used to make
You lead an exciting life. cigarettes start burning
I left home at 16 to see life. Dictionary example:
Teaching has been her whole life. Can I borrow your lighter?
family/private/sex, etc. life Learner example:
one part of someone's existence It's a [silver] lighter, with a little spider on, that my best
Dictionary examples: friend bought me for my birthday.
I never talk about my private life.
my working life lightly /ˈlaɪt.li/
We interviewed senior politicians, famous writers and
others in public life. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: light, lighter, lighting
The film [is] about family life. Verbs: light
a/sb's way of life Adjectives: light
the manner in which a person lives Adverbs: lightly
Dictionary example: ADVERB
She told us all about her way of life in Japan. GENTLY
Learner example: gently
He told me about his hobbies, his way of life and especially Dictionary example:
about his love [of] learning languages. She patted him lightly on the shoulder.
Learner example:
lift /lɪft/ The weather here is wonderful, the sun is shining, the wind
is blowing lightly, and the sky is also clear, clear, blue!
VERB [T]
to move something from a lower to a higher position lightning /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/
Dictionary examples:
Could you help me lift this table, please? NOUN [U]
Could you lift your chair a bit - I've got my bag caught a sudden flash of light in the sky during a storm
under it. Dictionary examples:
She lifted the cup to her lips. thunder and lightning
Learner example: a flash of lightning
Then, we lift[ed] weight[s] to get stronger legs, arms, etc. I That tree was struck by lightning.
met different people [and] I made lots of friends. She changed her clothes with lightning speed.
Learner example:
light /laɪt/ We were sitting in the car when the lightning hit the roof.

Word family: like /laɪk/

Nouns: light, lighter, lighting
Verbs: light Word family:
Adjectives: light Verbs: dislike, like
Adverbs: lightly PREPOSITION

98
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

SUCH AS In no more than ten lines, my mother explained that she

such as was moving to Brazilia, the capital of our country, and that
Dictionary example: she would take me and my brother with her.
She looks best in bright colours, like red and pink. RAILWAY
Learner example: a railway track
We have visit[ed] beautiful places like Chile, Patagonia, Dictionary examples:
Iguazu. The train was delayed, apparently due to leaves on the line.
CONJUNCTION INFORMAL The Northern Line is the worst on the London Underground.
as if Learner example:
Dictionary examples: The train line is closed between London and Lampton so
It looks like I'm going to be in the office until late tonight. now you have to use "ABC Coaches", which is also
It sounds to me like you ought to change jobs. che[a]per.
You look like you've just got out of bed!
She acts like she's stupid! link /lɪŋk/
Learner example:
It [sound]s like your trousers are really pretty, I would like NOUN [C]
to see them soon. COMPUTER
NOUN a connection between documents or areas on the Internet
likes and dislikes Dictionary example:
things that you do and do not like Click on this link to visit our online bookstore.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
What are your top five likes and dislikes? An au-pair friend of mine ha[s] given me a link to an au-pair
Learner example: homepage.
The teacher asked about our families, friends, [and] likes
and dislikes and [then] the lesson finished. lip /lɪp/

likely /ˈlaɪ.kli/ NOUN [C]

one of the two soft edges of the mouth
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: likelihood She kissed me on the lips.
Adjectives: likely, unlikely He licked his lips.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
describes something that will probably happen or is We went to a restaurant and when I had to leave, he kissed
expected me on my lips.
Dictionary examples: liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/
Do remind me because I'm likely to forget. NOUN [C or U]
I suppose that might happen but it's not very likely. a substance, such as water, that is not solid or a gas and
It's quite/very likely that we'll be in Spain this time next that can be poured easily
year. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: liquid fuel/nitrogen
They start thinking that the suitcase is likely to contain a Mercury is a liquid at room temperature.
bomb. Learner example:
Inside there were three samples of a nasty purple liquid.
limit /ˈlɪm.ɪt/
listen /ˈlɪs.ən/
Word family:
Nouns: limit, limitation VERB [I]
Verbs: limit PAY ATTENTION
Adjectives: limited, unlimited to pay attention to what someone tells you and accept what
NOUN [C] they say
LARGEST POSSIBLE AMOUNT Dictionary example:
the largest amount of something that is possible or allowed I told you she wouldn't like it but you wouldn't listen to me!
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Is there a limit on the amount of money you can claim? I did complain many time[s] but he wouldn't listen to me.
I think we ought to put a limit on the amount of time we
can spend on the project. literature /ˈlɪt.ər.ɪ.tʃər/
There's a limit to the number of times I can stop what I'm
doing just so I can help him! Word family:
We set a time limit of thirty minutes for the test. Nouns: literature
Learner example: Adjectives: literary, illiterate, literate
I always watch this programm[e], it's really interesting for NOUN [U]
anyone who enjoy[s] cooking. [...] BOOKS
Usually two chef[s] come in and prepare the food, and they books, poems, etc. that are considered to be art
hav[e] a time limit. Dictionary examples:
classical/modern literature
limited /ˈlɪm.ɪ.tɪd/ great works of literature
'Wuthering Heights' is a classic of English literature.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: limit, limitation He has studied English literature at Cambridge University.
Verbs: limit
Adjectives: limited, unlimited little /ˈlɪt.l̩/
ADJECTIVE
SMALL ADJECTIVE
small in amount or number NOT IMPORTANT
Dictionary examples: not important
a limited choice Dictionary examples:
limited resources They argue over every little thing.
Learner example: She gets really stressed by little problems.
I like warm colo[u]rs, orange and yellow, but my choices are Learner example:
limited for outdoor clothes. There is only one little problem. Unfortunately, [the] rooms
are single.
line /laɪn/ DETERMINER
NOT ENOUGH
NOUN [C] not much or enough
WORDS Dictionary examples:
a row of words on a page There seems little hope of a ceasefire.
Dictionary examples: They have very little money.
The same line is repeated throughout the poem. There's so little choice.
Can you read the next line, please, Sonia? Learner example:
Learner example: In his opinion, [being a] teacher is a very bad way to earn
money because you have a lot of work to do and earn very
little money.

99
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

a little sth loan /ləʊn/

a small amount of something NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: MONEY
It just needs a little effort. money that someone has borrowed
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Hi Sam, I need a little help from you. I need [to borrow] She's trying to get a £30 000 loan to start her own
your bicycle, because someone stole mine. business.
PRONOUN We could apply for/take out a loan to buy a car.
SMALL AMOUNT Learner example:
a small amount From [the programme] they learn a lot about funding or
Dictionary examples: [getting a] loan from [a] bank.
I could only hear a little of what they were saying.
He does as little as possible at work. local /ˈləʊ.kəl/
There's not much flour left but you're welcome to the/what
little there is. ADJECTIVE
She slept very little that night. relating to an area near you
We did very little on Sunday. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: a local accent
He told them how animals were treated by human beings - local issues
they had to work a lot and were fed very little. a local newspaper/radio station
Most of the local population depend on fishing for their
live /lɪv/ income.
Our children all go to the local school.
Word family: Many local shops will be forced to close if the new
Nouns: living supermarket is built.
Verbs: live Learner example:
Adjectives: lively, living You could go walking in the countryside, try water sports,
VERB enjoy the local food (especially the "galettes") and visit the
SPEND LIFE city of Rennes.
[I or T] to spend your life in a particular way
Dictionary examples: locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/
After a while you get used to living alone.
When you retire, you want to live a comfortable life. Word family:
So the prince and princess got married, and lived happily Nouns: location
ever after. Verbs: locate, relocate
He simply wants to live (out) the rest of his days in peace. VERB [T]
She certainly lived her life to the full. be located in/near/on/etc.
Learner example: to be in a particular place
I'm so sorry but I have to go to the hospital with my Dictionary example:
grandma, she lives alone and she needs Our office is located in the city centre.
someone to go with her. Learner example:
BE ALIVE It's located in the heart of Puebla and it's really wonderful.
[I] to be alive
Dictionary examples: location /ləʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/
He only lived a few days after the accident.
I hope I live to see my grandchildren. Word family:
Her granny lived to the ripe old age of 94. Nouns: location
Boccaccio lived in the 14th century. Verbs: locate, relocate
Learner example: NOUN [C]
I entered and saw the chat [chair?] of my ancestor, who PLACE
lived 500 years ago. a place or position
ADJECTIVE /laɪv/ Dictionary examples:
A live radio or television programme is seen or heard as it The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake.
happens. A map showing the location of the property will be sent to
Dictionary examples: you.
This evening there will be a live broadcast of the debate. Learner example:
a live concert/recording The village is in a peaceful location, within minutes of a safe
Learner example: lake, and an hour from a pretty town.
In January, there is a special live concert which includes the
most popular music in my country. lock /lɒk/

lively /ˈlaɪv.li/ Word family:

Nouns: lock
Word family: Verbs: lock, unlock
Nouns: living NOUN [C]
Verbs: live the thing that is used to close a door, window, etc., and that
Adjectives: lively, living needs a key to open it
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
full of energy and interest I heard someone turn a key in the lock.
Dictionary examples: safety locks
It's hard work teaching a class of lively children. Thieves got in by smashing the lock off the door.
a lively city Learner example:
They take a lively interest in their grandchildren. I put my £10 in the drawer with a lock the day before.
There was some lively discussion at the meeting. VERB
Learner example: WITH KEY
Paris is very lively all day long and at night. [I or T] to fasten something with a key, or to be fastened
with a key
load /ləʊd/ Dictionary examples:
Don't forget to lock the door when you go out.
Word family: If you shut the door, it will lock automatically.
Nouns: load, overload Learner example:
Verbs: load, unload Yesterday at about 11.10 p.m. I went to lock my garage.
NOUN [C]
a load/loads INFORMAL logo /ˈləʊ.gəʊ/
a lot
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
I've got a load of work to get through before tomorrow. a design or symbol used by a company to advertise its
There were loads of people there. products
Have some more food - there's loads. Dictionary example:
She looks loads better with her new haircut. a corporate logo
Learner example: Learner example:
We went to loads of beautiful places.

100
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

That strange-looking man was wearing [a] black jumper,

blue jeans, black trainers and [a] black baseball cap with Word family:
[the] white Nike logo. Verbs: loosen
Adjectives: loose
lonely /ˈləʊn.li/ ADJECTIVE
CLOTHES
Word family: large and not fitting tightly
Nouns: loneliness Dictionary example:
Adjectives: lonely Wear comfortable, loose clothing to your exercise class.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
PERSON I even like wearing loose T-shirts.
unhappy because you are not with other people
Dictionary examples: lorry /ˈlɒr.i/
She gets lonely now that all the kids have left home.
the lonely life of a farmer NOUN [C]
Learner example: a large vehicle used for transporting goods
If they had not been there, I would have been very lonely. Dictionary example:
a long-distance lorry driver
long /lɒŋ/ Learner example:
When the lorries of the Recycling Service don't come on
Word family: time, there are piles of papers and plastic bottles [outside]
Nouns: longing our block of flats.
Verbs: long
ADVERB lose /luːz/ (lost, lost)
all day long
for the whole day Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: loss
We've been walking all day long. Verbs: lose
Learner example: Adjectives: lost
Oh, I almost forgot to tell you about my Japanese stones VERB
where I listen to music all day long. NOT HAVE
as/so long as [T] to stop having something that you had before
used to say that something must happen before something Dictionary examples:
else can happen At least 600 staff will lose their jobs if the firm closes.
Dictionary examples: He lost his leg in a car accident.
I can come as long as I can leave by 4.00. She lost her mother last year.
Bring your friends by all means - just so long as I know how Learner example:
many are coming. Actually, I lost my job last week.
Learner example: NOT WIN
The colo[u]rs I wear are not important, as long as I don't [I or T] to fail to succeed in a game, competition, etc.
wear any pink clothes. I really dislike that colo[u]r. Dictionary examples:
no longer If we lose this game, we're out of the championship.
in the past but not now They're losing 3-1.
Dictionary examples: They lost to Arsenal.
The cinema is no longer used. Everyone hates losing an argument.
She doesn't work here any longer. They hadn't lost an election in fifteen years.
Learner example: Learner example:
The main reason is that my wife got pregnant [and] We were in the final, but we lost it.
therefore [a] one-bedroom house is no longer suitable for HAVE LESS
us. [T] to have less of something than you had before
Dictionary examples:
look /lʊk/ I'm trying to lose weight.
He's losing his hair.
Word family: She lost a lot of blood in the accident.
Nouns: look to lose your memory/sight
Verbs: look, overlook Learner example:
VERB I want to borrow your bicycle becau[s]e I am getting fat and
look like I need it to do some training to lose weight.
used to describe the appearance of a person or thing
Dictionary examples: lost /lɒst/
He looked like a drug addict.
That building looks just like a giant gherkin. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: loss
It was dark on [the] street but I remember [what] the thief Verbs: lose
looked like. Adjectives: lost
it looks like/as if ADJECTIVE
used to say that something is likely to happen OBJECT
Dictionary examples: If something is lost, no one knows where it is.
It looks like there'll only be three of us going on Sunday. Dictionary examples:
It looks as if it's going to rain. Things tend to get lost when you move house.
Learner example: Lost: a black cat with white paws
It's cold and I think I will have to buy an umbrella because it Mikey turned up with the lost book.
looks as if it'll rain. Learner example:
NOUN He went to that tree and the[re] it was, the lost suitcase.
SEE
[C] when you look at someone or something lottery /ˈlɒt.ər.i/
Dictionary examples:
She gave him a look of real dislike. NOUN [C]
Take a (good) look at this picture and see if you recognize a way of making money by selling numbered tickets to
anyone. people who then have a chance of winning a prize if their
Can I have a look at your dictionary? number is chosen
Learner example: Dictionary example:
I went to have a look and I was very surprised! We always do the lottery on Saturdays.
SEARCH Learner example:
[C USUALLY NO PLURAL] when you look for someone or I got a phone [call] from a lottery company and they said I
something [had] won [the] lottery with [a] 100 million dollar [prize].
Dictionary example:
I had another look for the watch, but couldn't find it. loud /laʊd/
Learner example:
Should I have a look for cheap hotels? Word family:
Adjectives: loud
loose /luːs/ Adverbs: aloud, loud, loudly

101
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

ADVERB ADJECTIVE
loudly NOT HIGH
Dictionary example: not high
Could you speak a little louder, please? Dictionary examples:
Learner example: a low fence
I cried louder. low ceilings
out loud Learner example:
If you say or read something out loud, you say or read it so When I stay [at] home, I wear jeans, t-shirts, [and] trainers
that other people can hear you. or low shoes.
Dictionary example: ADVERB
I had to read the essay out loud in front of the whole school. at or to a small amount or level
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
She wouldn't accept it so I read [it] out loud for her to hear: Temperatures can fall as low as -20 degrees.
"Director, Jason Meyer, and producer, Sami Woods, are Can you turn the heating a bit lower?
receiving...". Learner example:
The lights are down low.
loudly /ˈlaʊd.li/
luckily /ˈlʌk.ə.li/
Word family:
Adjectives: loud Word family:
Adverbs: aloud, loud, loudly Nouns: luck
ADVERB Adjectives: lucky, unlucky
in a way that makes a lot of noise Adverbs: luckily
Dictionary example: ADVERB
They were all talking loudly. in a lucky way
Learner example: Dictionary example:
The only thing is that he fel[l] asleep at the end of the day Luckily, I had some money with me.
and he was snoring loudly! Learner example:
Luckily, the weather was nice.
love /lʌv/
lucky /ˈlʌk.i/
Word family:
Nouns: love, lover Word family:
Verbs: love Nouns: luck
Adjectives: lovely Adjectives: lucky, unlucky
NOUN Adverbs: luckily
FRIENDS/FAMILY ADJECTIVE
[U] when you like a friend or person in your family very GIVING LUCK
much If an object is lucky, some people believe that it gives you
Dictionary examples: luck.
Nothing is as strong as the love you have for your kids. Dictionary example:
"I'm seeing Laura next week." "Oh, please give her my I chose six - it's my lucky number.
love". Learner example:
Learner example: I lost my lucky pencil.
Give my love to your family. All the best,
ROMANCE/SEX luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃər.i/
[U] when you like someone very much and have romantic
or sexual feelings for them Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: luxury
He's madly in love with her. Adjectives: luxurious
She fell in love with her friend's brother. NOUN
"I've been seeing him over a year now." "Is it love?" COMFORT
How's your love life these days? [U] great comfort or pleasure from expensive or beautiful
Learner example: things
I fell in love with him. Dictionary examples:
PERSON a luxury cruise
[C] a person that you love and feel attracted to a luxury hotel
Dictionary examples: to live in luxury
He was the love of my life. Learner example:
She was my first love. I'm staying in a luxury hotel overlooking [the] sea.
Learner example:
It was from the love of my life.
mad /mæd/ (madder, maddest)
lover /ˈlʌv.ər/
ADJECTIVE
Word family: CRAZY
Nouns: love, lover INFORMAL stupid or crazy
Verbs: love Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: lovely You're mad to walk home alone at this time of night.
NOUN [C] He must be mad spending so much money on a T-shirt.
SEX Some of the things she does are completely mad.
If two people are lovers, they have a sexual relationship but Learner example:
they are not married. But then my other friends came [to] where we were and
Dictionary examples: said the same [thing]. I think they were [all] mad.
They were friends before they became lovers. be mad about sb/sth
She had a string of lovers before her marriage finally broke INFORMAL to love someone or something
up. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: They only met a month ago but he's mad about her.
I was reading "Romeo and Juliet" by W. Shakespeare when I Jo's mad about skiing.
suddenly decided to leave and visit Verona, the lovers' city. Learner example:
a book/cat/dog, etc. lover You know, I hate pink, but my mother is really mad about
someone who is very interested in books, cats, dogs, etc. pink.
Dictionary example: ILL
an opera lover mentally ill
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Brazil is a very big country and perfect for nature lovers. I think I must be going mad.
He went mad with grief.
low /ləʊ/ Do I look like some mad old woman in this hat?
Learner example:
Word family: The movie was about [a] guy that was mad.
Verbs: lower
Adjectives: low madam /ˈmæd.əm/

102
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples:
NOUN I made him tidy his room.
WOMAN You can't make him go if he doesn't want to.
a formal and polite way of speaking to a woman Learner example:
Dictionary example: I could make him wait a little.
Can I help you, Madam? make up your mind or make your mind up
Learner example: to make a decision
[An] old woman came in the shop and quietly put my Dictionary examples:
suitcase near to me and she said "Excuse me, Madam, it's I haven't made up my mind whether to apply for the job
your suitcase. I saw somebody t[ake] it. yet.
They couldn't make their minds up about where to go on
magic /ˈmædʒ.ɪk/ holiday.
Learner example:
Word family: The place was so dirty that I made up my mind to change it
Nouns: magic by buy[ing] something useful.
Adjectives: magic, magical ARRIVE
ADJECTIVE INFORMAL to manage to arrive at a place
SPECIAL POWERS Dictionary examples:
with special powers that make impossible things happen I'm afraid I can't make the meeting this afternoon.
Dictionary examples: She made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane.
The witch put a magic spell on the prince and turned him Learner example:
into a frog. My car is broken so I can't make it.
There's no magic solution to the problem. make a face
to show with your face that you do not like someone or
magnificent /mægˈnɪf.ɪ.sənt/ something
Dictionary example:
Word family: Joe made a face when he saw what was for lunch.
Adjectives: magnificent Learner example:
Adverbs: magnificently Making a face, I slapped my forehead.
ADJECTIVE make friends (with sb)
very good or very beautiful to begin to know and like someone
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a magnificent view He finds it difficult to make friends.
They live in a magnificent old house. He's made friends with a boy in his class called Alex.
He gave a magnificent performance. Learner example:
Learner example: Although I didn't know anyone in this club, I immediately
Next, we went to [a] for[e]st. [I]n the middle was a lake and made friends with Maria and Rosaria.
the sight was magnificent.
male /meɪl/
main /meɪn/
ADJECTIVE
Word family: belonging to or relating to the sex that cannot have babies
Adjectives: main Dictionary examples:
Adverbs: mainly a male colleague
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] a male giraffe
MOST IMPORTANT What percentage of the adult male population is
most important or largest unemployed?
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
The main airport is 15 miles from the capital. I was there when I heard a male voice calling me.
One of the main reasons I came to England was to study
the language. mall /mɔːl/
You'll find the main points of my proposal in the report.
Our main aim/objective is to improve the company's NOUN [C] (ALSO shopping mall)
productivity. a large, usually covered, shopping area where cars are not
The main problem in the health service is lack of allowed
resources. Dictionary example:
Learner example: There are plans to build a new mall in the middle of town.
However, the main reason, I must admit, was that I wanted Learner example:
to meet new people, make new friends and the college is You can go shopping too because there is a nice shopping
the best place for meeting interesting people. mall in Punta del Este.

mainly /ˈmeɪn.li/ manage /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ/

Word family: Word family:

Adjectives: main Nouns: management, manager
Adverbs: mainly Verbs: manage
ADVERB 473VERB
mostly or to a large degree SUCCEED
Dictionary examples: [I or T] to do something or deal with something
The waitresses are mainly French. successfully
They argued that the tax will mainly benefit the rich. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Did you manage to get any bread?
I often wear jeans, mainly blue jeans. Anyway, we managed to get there on time.
I only just managed to finish on time.
make /meɪk/ Will you be able to manage without me?
I can't manage all this work on my own.
Word family: Don't worry about us - we'll manage!
Nouns: maker Learner example:
Verbs: make I even phoned the bus company but I didn't manage to get
VERB [T] (made, made) the CDs back.
CAUSE CONTROL
to cause something to happen or cause a particular state [T] to be in control of an office, shop, team, etc.
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
What made you change your mind? She used to manage the bookshop on King Street.
He really makes me laugh. Has Tom had any experience of managing large projects?
This photograph makes me look about 80! He has managed the football team for the last five years.
It makes me so angry when he says that. Learner example:
This heat makes me very tired. It is [a] basketball club managed by the Director of my
Learner example: College.
It's so funny and it makes me laugh.
make sb do sth marriage /ˈmær.ɪdʒ/
to force someone or something to do something

103
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Word family: [C or U] documents, recorded information, etc. that are

Nouns: marriage used for a particular activity
Verbs: marry Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: married, unmarried publicity material
NOUN [C or U] She writes all her own teaching materials.
the legal relationship of a man and a woman being a Learner example:
husband and a wife, or the ceremony where people become During the lesson we use a lot of useful and helpful
a husband and a wife material: tapes, video, and lots of different books.
Dictionary examples:
They had a long and happy marriage. maximum /ˈmæk.sɪ.məm/
She went to live abroad after the break-up of her marriage.
She has two daughters by her first marriage. Word family:
a marriage certificate Nouns: maximum
Learner example: Verbs: maximize
After the marriage they go to a restaurant and eat Adjectives: maximum
something. ADJECTIVE
The maximum amount of something is the largest amount
marry /ˈmær.i/ that is allowed or possible.
Dictionary examples:
Word family: maximum speed/effort/temperature
Nouns: marriage The bomb was designed to cause the maximum amount of
Verbs: marry damage.
Adjectives: married, unmarried Learner example:
VERB [I or T] [F]rom now on, my house will have maximum security
to begin a legal relationship with someone as their husband (tanks, soldiers, bombs) so no one can kidnap my family
or wife again.
Dictionary examples: NOUN [NO PLURAL]
Will you marry me? the largest amount allowed or possible
They don't have any plans to marry at present. Dictionary examples:
He never married. The temperature will reach a maximum of 27°C today.
Learner example: The school has a maximum of 30 students per class.
Before we left the airport, John w[h]ispered in my ear "I'm Learner example:
going to marry her". You said in your letter that you [want] to do 80 kilometres
on Saturday but that is far too much. 50 kilometres is the
marvellous /ˈmɑː.vəl.əs/ maximum, it is enough!

ADJECTIVE may /meɪ/

extremely good
Dictionary examples: MODAL VERB
I thought it was a marvellous film. POSSIBLY TRUE
It took me ages to get it right, but it was a marvellous used to talk about what is possibly true
feeling when I did. Dictionary examples:
It's marvellous how everyone's tried to help. There may be other problems that we don't know about.
We've achieved some marvellous results with this new I think I may be getting a cold.
drug. Learner example:
Learner example: I know it may be difficult, because [it] is not that easy to
The weather is marvellous, it's sunny and hot. find [a] house, but please can you do your best and find
something for us very soon.
match /mætʃ/ PERMISSION
FORMAL used to ask or give permission
VERB Dictionary examples:
BE THE SAME May I be excused, please?
[I or T] If two things match, they are the same colour or "May I help myself to some more food?" "Yes, of course."
type. You may begin.
Dictionary examples: Hi, my name's Tiffany. How may I help you?
I can't find anything to match my green shirt. Learner example:
Your socks don't match. May I suggest that you book me in for the new
Learner example: accommodation.
They match a T-shirt that I bought last week.
CHOOSE mean /miːn/
[T] to choose someone or something that is suitable for a
particular person, activity or purpose Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: meaning
In the first exercise you have to match each capital city to Verbs: mean
its country. Adjectives: meaningful
VERB [T] (meant, meant)
mate /meɪt/ EXPRESS
to intend to express a fact or opinion
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
a friend I didn't mean that as a criticism.
Dictionary examples: That's what I meant when I said he's been acting oddly.
We've been mates since our school days. What exactly do you mean by 'old-fashioned'?
Pete was there with a couple of mates. Learner example:
She's my best mate. Now I know what you mean when you say this island is
Learner example: wonderful.
This man was going to his mate's funeral. HAVE IMPORTANCE
to have an important emotional effect on someone
material /məˈtɪə.ri.əl/ Dictionary examples:
It wasn't a valuable picture but it meant a lot to me.
Word family: Possessions mean nothing to him.
Nouns: material, materialism, materialist Learner example:
Adjectives: materialist, materialistic It's my grandfather's birthday and he means a lot to me.
NOUN INTEND
CLOTH to intend
[C or U] cloth for making clothes, curtains, etc. Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: I'm sorry if I offended you - I didn't mean any harm.
Her dress was made of a soft, silky material. Sorry, I didn't mean to interrupt!
Learner example: Learner example:
I like buying designer clothes because they're made of good But I didn't mean to scare you.
material. have been meaning to do sth
DOCUMENTS to have been wanting and planning to do something
Dictionary example:

104
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

I've been meaning to call you for weeks. [I] If a group of people meet, they come to a place in order
Learner example: to do something.
Dear Claude, I have been meaning to write for ages! Dictionary examples:
HAVE RESULT The children's club meets every Thursday afternoon.
to have or need a particular result The shareholders meet once a year to discuss profits.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Lower costs mean lower prices. The members meet at the club every weekend.
These changes will mean better health care for everyone.
Advances in electronics mean that the technology is membership /ˈmem.bə.ʃɪp/
already available.
If we want to catch the 7.30 train, that will mean leaving Word family:
the house at 6.00. Nouns: member, membership
Learner example: NOUN
This doesn't mean that you won't be able to enjoy the BELONGING
countryside, in fact most of these cities are surrounded by [U] the state of belonging to an organization
nature, so you'll have wonderful views. Dictionary examples:
membership of the EU
meaning /ˈmiː.nɪŋ/ I've applied for membership of the union.
a membership card/fee
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: meaning First, the president welcomed me and gave me my
Verbs: mean membership card.
Adjectives: meaningful
NOUN memory /ˈmem.ər.i/
EXPRESS
[C or U] The meaning of words, signs, or actions is what Word family:
they express or represent. Nouns: memory, memorial
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: memorable
The word 'squash' has several meanings. NOUN
The meaning of his gesture was clear. ABILITY TO REMEMBER
His novels often have a hidden meaning. [C or U] your ability to remember
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
If I didn't understand the meaning of a word, she told me You have a good memory.
and gave me a dictionary to look up the words. She has an excellent memory for names.
He had a photographic memory.
meanwhile /ˈmiːn.waɪl/ memory loss
Learner example:
ADVERB It's about a girl that lives in London and she lost her
in the time between two things happening, or while memory so everybody has to tell her everything about the
something else is happening past.
Dictionary examples: EVENT REMEMBERED
Carl's starting college in September. Meanwhile, he's [C OFTEN PLURAL] something that you remember from
travelling around Europe. the past
The mother is ill. The child, meanwhile, is living with his Dictionary examples:
grandparents. I have very fond memories of that period of my life.
Learner example: I have vivid memories of that evening.
Meanwhile, if you agree, I can do some English exercises to That tune really brings back memories.
cover the class that I'm going to miss. Learner example:
I have so many good memories.
medicine /ˈmed.ɪ.sən/
mend /mend/
Word family:
Nouns: medicine, medication VERB [T]
Adjectives: medical to repair something that is broken, torn, or not working
Adverbs: medically correctly
NOUN Dictionary examples:
TREATMENT Could you mend this hole in my shirt?
[U] treatment for illness or injury, or the study of this I've left my watch at the jeweller's to be mended.
Dictionary examples: The plumber came to mend the burst pipe.
Western/Chinese medicine Learner example:
a career in medicine I've just returned from a short cycling holiday with two
She is a doctor, but is unable to practise medicine in her friends. You know one of them, Peter, the guy whose
own country. bicycle was broken and you mended it.
Learner example:
She is twenty three years old and she's studying medicine, mention /ˈmen.tʃən/
here in Colombia.
VERB [T]
medium /ˈmiː.di.əm/ to briefly speak or write about something or someone
Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE She didn't mention her daughter.
in the middle of a group of different amounts or sizes I'll mention your ideas to Jacinta.
Dictionary examples: He casually mentioned that he was leaving his job.
a girl of medium height Did she happen to mention whether she would be coming?
She bought a medium-sized car. Learner example:
All shirts come in small, medium, and large. You mentioned you are coming to visit my country.
Learner example:
What size are you? Are you small or medium? mess /mes/

meet /miːt/ Word family:

Nouns: mess
Word family: Adjectives: messy
Nouns: meeting NOUN
Verbs: meet DIRT/UNTIDINESS
VERB (met, met) [C USUALLY NO PLURAL] Something or someone that is a
PLACE mess or is in a mess, looks dirty or untidy.
[T] to wait at a place for someone or something to arrive Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: My hair's such a mess!
Will you meet me at the airport ? The house is in a mess.
Learner example: He makes a terrible mess when he's cooking.
Please meet me [at] London Heathrow at 12:00 am. Go and clear up that mess in the kitchen.
GROUP Learner example:
Now my room is a mess because I have so much stuff.

105
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

At first, I thought it might be a mistake.

message board /ˈmes.ɪdʒ.bɔːd/
mild /maɪld/
NOUN [C]
a place on a website where you can leave messages for ADJECTIVE
other people to read WEATHER
Dictionary example: describes weather that is not very cold or not as cold as
There's a lot of discussion on the message boards about usual
this issue. Dictionary example:
We've had a mild winter this year.
messy /ˈmes.i/ Learner example:
As you know, my country has got mild weather.
Word family:
Nouns: mess mile /maɪl/
Adjectives: messy
ADJECTIVE NOUN [C]
untidy or dirty UNIT
Dictionary examples: a unit for measuring distance, equal to 1609 metres or
a messy kitchen 1760 yards
messy hair Dictionary examples:
His bedroom's always messy. a ten-mile drive
My kids are both really messy. The nearest town is ten miles away.
Learner example: The latest high-speed trains can travel at 140 miles an/per
It's completely messy now, looks like a war in my bedroom, hour.
because my bed has broken and I Learner example:
need to buy a new bed quickly. I don't feel safe enough [any more], because the police
station is 10 miles away and last week there was a
metal /ˈmet.əl/ burgl[ary] at my neighbour's house.

NOUN [C or U] millimetre /ˈmɪl.ɪˌmiː.tər/

a usually hard, shiny material such as iron, gold, or silver
which heat and NOUN [C]
electricity can travel through a unit of length which is equal to 0.001 metres
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
Metal, paper and glass can be recycled. The ring has a width of three millimetres.
Silver, gold and platinum are precious metals.
Metals are used for making machinery and tools. mind /maɪnd/
Learner example:
It was made of metal and wood. NOUN [C]
THINKING
method /ˈmeθ.əd/ someone's memory or their ability to think, feel emotions,
and be aware of things
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
a way of doing something, often one that involves a system My mind was full of what had happened the night before,
or plan and I wasn't concentrating.
Dictionary examples: I just said the first thing that came into my mind.
What's the best method of/for solving this problem? For some reason her words stuck in my mind.
Travelling by train is still one of the safest methods of She has a very logical mind.
transport. Learner example:
traditional teaching methods At my first class he asked to me sing a [song] in English, so
Learner example: I sang "Always on my mind!"
I think her teaching method is modern, up to date, and I change your mind
hope I'll finally improve my English. to change a decision or opinion
Dictionary examples:
middle /ˈmɪd.l̩/ I've changed my mind about selling the house.
If you change your mind, let me know.
NOUN Learner example:
the middle At first I wasn't so excited as Clara, but after an afternoon
the central point in a period of time there I changed my mind!
Dictionary examples: make up your mind or make your mind up
The letter should arrive by the middle of next week. to make a decision
The noise woke us up in the middle of the night. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: I haven't made up my mind whether to apply for the job
Once, she woke up in the middle of the night and there was yet.
the ghost of her husband's wife. They couldn't make their minds up about where to go on
be in the middle of (doing) sth holiday.
to be busy or involved in something Learner example:
Dictionary example: The place was so dirty that I made up my mind to change it
I can't talk now - I'm in the middle of cooking a meal. by buy[ing] something useful.
Learner example: VERB
But while I was in the middle of my tour, I rec[e]ived ANNOYED
another e-mail. [I or T] to be annoyed, unhappy or worried by something
Dictionary examples:
middle-aged /ˌmɪd.l̩ˈeɪdʒd/ Would she mind if I came too?
Take Juan's book - I'm sure he wouldn't mind.
ADJECTIVE I don't mind driving.
in the middle of your life before you are old I don't mind taking her if you're too busy.
Dictionary example: Do you mind me smoking?
a middle-aged couple/man/woman I'd prefer to stay in tonight, if you don't mind.
Learner example: Learner example:
Our teacher is a middle-aged lady with a kind smile and I want to borrow your bicycle if you don't mind because
British accent. m[ine] doesn't work well.
BE CAREFUL
might /maɪt/ [T] something you say when telling someone to be careful
with something
MODAL VERB dangerous
POSSIBLY TRUE 487Dictionary examples:
used to talk about what is possibly true Mind the iron - it's still very hot!
Dictionary examples: Mind out! There's a car coming.
I think Isabel might be pregnant. Mind (that) you don't hit your head on the shelf when you
Don't go any closer - it might be dangerous. stand up.
Learner example: Would you mind...?

106
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

used to request something politely

Dictionary example: missing /ˈmɪs.ɪŋ/
Would you mind sharing a room?
Learner example: Word family:
Would you mind if I called you, to know what I've missed? Verbs: miss
Adjectives: missing
minimum /ˈmɪn.ɪ.məm/ ADJECTIVE
NOT INCLUDED
Word family: not included in something
Nouns: minimum Dictionary examples:
Verbs: minimize There are a couple of names missing from the list.
Adjectives: minimum, minimal When did you realise that the money was missing from
ADJECTIVE your account?
The minimum amount of something is the smallest amount Learner example:
that is allowed, But even with all this furniture, I feel like there is something
needed, or possible. missing, so I have decided to buy some posters of my
Dictionary examples: favo[u]rite rock bands and put them [o]n the walls.
There is a minimum charge of £5 for postage.
Eighteen is the minimum age for entering most nightclubs. mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/
That's the minimum qualification required to teach English
in most language schools. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: mistake
I am going to phone them to ask how much the wage is, but Adjectives: mistaken
anyway the minimum rate in England is £3.60. NOUN [C]
NOUN [C USUALLY NO PLURAL] by mistake
the smallest amount that is allowed, needed, or possible If you do something by mistake, you do it without intending
Dictionary examples: to.
The judge sentenced him to a minimum of five years in Dictionary examples:
prison. I picked up someone else's book by mistake.
We need a minimum of ten people to play this game. I've paid this bill twice by mistake.
Wage increases are being kept to a minimum because of Learner example:
the recession. [A]fter 30 minutes, a man appeared telling [us] that he had
Learner example: taken our suitcases by mistake.
You should spend a minimum [of] 1-2 hours per day [on]
this activity. mix /mɪks/

minute /ˈmɪn.ɪt/ Word family:

Nouns: mix, mixture
NOUN [C] Verbs: mix
wait a minute VERB
said in order to interrupt someone, or to get their attention COMBINE QUALITIES/ACTIVITIES
or when you have suddenly thought of something important [I or T] to have two or more qualities, or to do two or more
Dictionary example: activities, etc. at the
Wait a minute - I've just had an idea. same time
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Oh! Wait a minute... a feeling of anger mixed with sadness
Learner example:
miserable /ˈmɪz.ər.ə.bl̩/ That also could be a good way to mix learning and
ent[ertai]nment.
Word family: NOUN
Nouns: misery [NO PLURAL] a combination of things or people, often in a
Adjectives: miserable group
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
UNHAPPY There's a good mix of nationalities in the class.
sad There was an odd mix of people at Patrick's party.
Dictionary example: "She's studying physics and philosophy." "That's an
I just woke up feeling miserable. interesting mix."
Learner example: Learner example:
I feel very miserable and my boyfriend is still angry with me This film is a mix of fantasy and adventure.
because that ring was his gift for our first year together.
modal (verb) /ˌməʊ.dəlˈvɜːb/
miss /mɪs/
NOUN [C] SPECIALIZED
Word family: a verb, for example 'can', 'might' or 'must', that is used
Verbs: miss before another verb to show that something is possible,
Adjectives: missing necessary, etc.
VERB Dictionary example:
miss a chance/opportunity The first verb in the following sentence is a modal: We
to not use an opportunity to do something ought to pay the gas bill.
Dictionary example:
You can't afford to miss a chance like this. model /ˈmɒd.əl/
Learner example:
[It's] the most important tennis competi[t]ion in my town, NOUN [C]
and I can't miss this opportunity. PERSON
AVOID someone whose job is to wear fashionable clothes, be in
[T] to avoid doing or experiencing something photographs, etc. in order to advertise things
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
You should leave early if you want to miss the rush hour. a fashion model
Learner example: Learner example:
If you want to have [a] nice time, you [should] leave the In the future I hope to be a cloth[es] designer or a top
hotel early in the morning because in this way you [will] model.
miss the rush-hour traffic.
NOT SEE/HEAR modern /ˈmɒd.ən/
[T] to not see or hear something
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
Sorry, I missed that, could you repeat it please? NOW
We missed the first five minutes of the film. relating to the present time and not to the past
My office is first on the right with a bright red door. You Dictionary examples:
can't miss it. modern society
Learner example: the stresses of modern life
First of all, the Festival began on time at midday with King Learner example:
Cup. Maybe you might have missed that part. You'll see the modern Japan.

107
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

My car alarm went off at 3 o'clock in the morning.

moment /ˈməʊ.mənt/ Learner example:
I came home at 4 o'clock in the morning.
NOUN in the morning
POINT IN TIME tomorrow morning
[C] a point in time Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: I'll pack my bags in the morning.
Just at that moment, the phone rang.
Don't leave it to/till the last moment. mosquito /mɒˈski:.təʊ/
Learner example:
[At] that moment my phone started to ring. NOUN [C] (PLURAL mosquitoes)
wait a moment a small flying insect that sucks your blood, sometimes
said in order to interrupt someone, or to get their attention causing malaria
or when you have suddenly thought of something important Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: mosquito bites
Now, wait a moment - I don't agree with that. Learner example:
You should stay in a city because of the things that only a
monster /ˈmɒnt.stər/ city can offer and a[n] important detail about countryside is
the mosquitoes, there are a lot!
NOUN [C]
CREATURE most /məʊst/
an imaginary creature that is large, ugly, and frightening
Dictionary examples: Word family:
a sea monster Adverbs: most, mostly
the Loch Ness monster DETERMINER
Learner example: MORE
Another programme is about a man who save[s] the the largest amount
country from a scary monster. Dictionary example:
Carlos earns the most money of all of us.
monthly /ˈmʌnt.θli/ Learner example:
So, in this game, the people are there to win the most
Word family: money they can.
Nouns: month
Adjectives: monthly mostly /ˈməʊst.li/
Adverbs: monthly
ADJECTIVE; ADVERB Word family:
happening or produced once a month Adverbs: most, mostly
Dictionary examples: ADVERB
monthly payments mainly or most of the time
a monthly magazine Dictionary examples:
We're paid monthly. Her friends are mostly Italian.
Learner example: In the smaller villages, it's mostly very quiet at nights.
At the moment I pay £550 monthly plus bills. Learner example:
Normally I wear black or blue jeans and I mostly wear t-
monument /ˈmɒn.jʊ.mənt/ shirts and a light jacket.

NOUN [C] moustache /mʊˈstɑːʃ/

BUILDING/PLACE
an old building or place that is important in history NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: a line of hair that some men grow above their mouths
an ancient monument Dictionary example:
Learner example: Groucho Marx had a thick black moustache.
In these cities you will be able to visit ancient monuments. Learner example:
mood /muːd/ My new teacher is fun, nice and cool. He has [short] black
NOUN [C or U] hair and a big moustache.
WAY YOU FEEL
the way you feel at a particular time move /muːv/
Dictionary examples:
She's in a bad mood. Word family:
You're in a good mood today. Nouns: movement
What sort of mood is Ted in today? Verbs: move, remove
Her mood seemed to change during the course of the Adjectives: moving
conversation. VERB
The public mood changed dramatically after the bombing. CHANGE PLACE
The mood of the crowd suddenly turned aggressive. [I] If a person or an organization moves, they go to a
Learner example: different place to live or work.
I reckon I was in a bad mood, but nothing had happened to Dictionary examples:
end o[u]r relationship. We're thinking of moving - perhaps to the country.
We're moving to Paris.
more /mɔːr/ A lot of businesses are moving out of London because it's
too expensive.
DETERMINER; PRONOUN Learner example:
once more As my office will move [to] the west of the town next
one more time month, it will be difficult for me to still live in this house.
Dictionary example: move house
I'd like to visit the colleges once more before we leave. to leave your home in order to live in a new one
Learner example: Dictionary example:
On Friday I will see him once more. We're moving house in the spring.
ADVERB Learner example:
GREATER NUMBER OF TIMES I want to move house [as] soon as possible.
used to show that something happens a greater number of
times than before much /mʌtʃ/
Dictionary examples:
We eat out a lot more than we used to. ADVERB (more, most)
We go to the cinema more often in the winter. OFTEN/ A LOT
Learner example: used mainly in questions or negative sentences to mean
We really should do this more often. often or a lot
morning /ˈmɔː.nɪŋ/ Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C or U] Do you go to London much?
2/3/4, etc. o'clock in the morning I don't like curry very much.
2/3/4, etc. o'clock at night Learner example:
Dictionary example: I wear skirts, too, but not very much.

108
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

WITH ADJECTIVES I have chosen this film because it has mystery in it and a lot
used before comparative adjectives such as 'better' and of fun!!
'more beautiful' to mean 'a lot'
Dictionary examples:
Their old house was much bigger. name /neɪm/
That's a much better idea.
It's a much more beautiful city. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: name
This class is so much better than the old one. Verbs: name
Adverbs: namely
murder /ˈmɜː.dər/ VERB [T]
GIVE NAME
Word family: to give someone or something a name
Nouns: murder, murderer Dictionary examples:
Verbs: murder We named our dogs 'Shandy' and 'Belle'.
NOUN [C or U] A man named Dennis answered the door.
! the crime of intentionally killing a person Learner example:
Dictionary examples: She is named Maryam.
to commit murder SAY WHAT NAME IS
She was charged with attempted murder. to say what something's or someone's name is
Two sisters have been charged with murder. Dictionary examples:
a murder weapon In the first question you had to name three types of
Learner example: monkey.
It was about a murder which had taken place on the beach. He couldn't name his attacker.
VERB [T] Learner example:
! to kill someone intentionally and illegally Not only "Tandoori dishes" but all the [dishes] are tasty, to
Dictionary examples: name some there [are] Chinese, North Indian, and many
He was murdered by a former employee. others.
She was accused/found guilty of murdering her husband.
Learner example: narrow /ˈnær.əʊ/
It's about the man who murdered a lot of people.
Word family:
murderer /ˈmɜːd.ə.rər/ Verbs: narrow
Adjectives: narrow
Word family: Adverbs: narrowly
Nouns: murder, murderer ADJECTIVE
Verbs: murder NOT WIDE
NOUN [C] Narrow things measure a small distance from one side to
! someone who has committed murder the other.
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
a mass murderer narrow streets
Learner example: a narrow bridge/passage/gap
A few weeks later the police caught the murderer of my a narrow face
best friend. narrow feet
Learner example:
musician /mjuːˈzɪʃ.ən/ You will also see narrow streets with pubs and small cafes
everywhere.
Word family:
Nouns: music, musical, musician nasty /ˈnɑː.sti/
Adjectives: musical
Adverbs: musically ADJECTIVE
NOUN [C] BAD
someone who plays a musical instrument, often as a job bad or unpleasant
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a talented jazz/classical musician a nasty shock/surprise
The concert features dancers, singers and musicians of all There's a nasty smell in here.
nationalities. He had a nasty cut above the eye.
Learner example: She has a nasty habit of picking on people in meetings.
The movie is about two musicians that had to dress like Learner example:
women to escape from the gangsters of Chicago. Inside there were three samples of a nasty purple liquid.
UNKIND
must /mʌst/ unkind
Dictionary example:
MODAL VERB Don't be so nasty to your brother - he's four years younger
SUGGEST than you!
used to show that you think it is a good idea for someone to Learner example:
do something I though that it was a nasty joke made by a friend, but the
Dictionary examples: ad[d]ress of the sender did not match with any that I knew.
You must come and stay with us some time.
We must meet for lunch. natural /ˈnætʃ.ər.əl/
Learner example:
You must come with me when you are in Germany. Word family:
Nouns: nature
mystery /ˈmɪs.tər.i/ Adjectives: natural, unnatural
Adverbs: naturally
Word family: ADJECTIVE
Nouns: mystery NOT ARTIFICIAL
Adjectives: mysterious Something that is natural exists or happens because of
Adverbs: mysteriously nature, not because it was made or done by people.
NOUN [C or U] Dictionary examples:
something strange or unknown which has not yet been natural ingredients
explained or understood a natural substance
Dictionary examples: He died from natural causes.
an unsolved mystery Floods and earthquakes are natural disasters.
How the massive stones were brought here from hundreds People say that breast-feeding is better than bottle-feeding
of miles away remains a mystery. because it's more natural.
He never gave up hope that he would solve the mystery of Learner example:
his son's disappearance. We have wonderful beaches full of natural beauty.
He's out of work, so how he pays his rent is a mystery to
me. navy blue /ˌneɪ.viˈbluː/
Learner example:
ADJECTIVE

109
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

very dark blue The car needs to be serviced.

Dictionary example: This room needs brightening up a bit.
He was wearing a navy blue sweater. She needs her hair washing.
Learner example: Learner example:
I think I will buy [a] navy blue carpet and black and blue It is so beautiful but it needs washing all the time.
furniture.
negative /ˈneg.ə.tɪv/
near /nɪər/
Word family:
ADVERB Adjectives: negative
DISTANCE Adverbs: negatively
close in distance ADJECTIVE
Dictionary examples: NO ENTHUSIASM
I was standing just near enough to hear what they were not having enthusiasm or positive opinions about
saying. something
Don't come any nearer. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: negative feelings
And they are getting nearer, I must run for my life. Many people have a negative attitude towards ageing.
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] You're so negative about everything!
DISTANCE Learner example:
close in distance At the same time there were no negative opinions about
Dictionary example: the service from the visitors [to] "Fine food".
Where's the nearest post office?
Learner example: neighbourhood /ˈneɪ.bə.hʊd/
Dear Dan, My friends and I have decided to go to the
nearest cinema, the one which is in The Mall, three blocks Word family:
from here. Nouns: neighbour, neighbourhood
Adjectives: neighbouring
nearby /ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/ NOUN [C]
an area of a town or city that people live in
ADVERB Dictionary examples:
not far away There were lots of kids in my neighbourhood when I was
Dictionary examples: growing up.
If there's a cafe nearby, we could stop for a snack. They live in a very well-off neighbourhood.
I noticed a policeman standing nearby. Learner example:
Learner example: The place I'm staying in is wonderful, [and] the whole
We can go swimming, [and] visit some of the bea[u]tiful neighbourhood is wonderful.
castles nearby.
ADJECTIVE nephew /ˈnef.juː/
not far away
Dictionary example: NOUN [C]
We stopped at some nearby shops to buy some food. a son of your sister or brother, or a son of the sister or
Learner example: brother of your husband or wife
The nearby towns are lovely, very calm. Dictionary example:
My nephew is 21 today.
neat /niːt/ Learner example:
I went with my husband, my two sisters and some nieces
Word family: and nephews.
Adjectives: neat
Adverbs: neatly nervous /ˈnɜː.vəs/
ADJECTIVE
TIDY Word family:
tidy and clean Nouns: nerves, nerve, nervousness
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: nervous
Your house is always so neat - how do you manage it with Adverbs: nervously
three children? ADJECTIVE
She likes everything neat and tidy. worried or anxious
You've got such neat handwriting. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: He gets very nervous before exams.
I always go to this restaurant because it's neat and clean. I was too nervous to speak.
I was very nervous about driving again after the accident.
necessary /ˈnes.ə.sər.i/ She's always been nervous around dogs.
a nervous cough/laugh
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: necessity I'm a little nervous because of that.
Adjectives: necessary, unnecessary
Adverbs: necessarily, unnecessarily net /net/
ADJECTIVE
needed in order to achieve something NOUN
Dictionary examples: OBJECT
If necessary, we can change the dates of our trip. [C] an object that has many holes in it and that is used in
We don't want to take any more luggage with us than is many sports and for catching fish
necessary. Dictionary examples:
I won't stay any longer than necessary. a fishing net
He lacks the necessary skills for the job. a tennis/basketball net
Is it necessary to give so much detail? His penalty kick placed the ball firmly in the back of the net.
Learner example: Learner example:
If necessary, please contact me on my business e-mail I have the advantage of being qui[te] tall and therefor[e] I
address. prefer to play at the net.

need /niːd/ new /njuː/

Word family: Word family:

Nouns: need Nouns: news
Verbs: need Adjectives: new
Adjectives: needless Adverbs: newly
VERB [T] ADJECTIVE
MUST BE DONE NOT FAMILIAR
If something needs something to be done to it, that thing not yet familiar or experienced
should be done in order Dictionary examples:
to improve it. I'm new to the area.
Dictionary examples:

110
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

She's new to the job so you can't expect her to know nightlife /ˈnaɪt.laɪf/
everything yet.
New staff are given training. NOUN [U]
Learner example: entertainment for the night such as bars, clubs, restaurants,
I met a guy called Marc [who] is pretty cool. He is also new and theatres
to the club. Dictionary example:
What's the nightlife like around here?
news /njuːz/ Learner example:
The nightlife in my country is wonderful!
Word family:
Nouns: news nightmare /ˈnaɪt.meər/
Adjectives: new
Adverbs: newly NOUN [C]
NOUN [U] BAD EXPERIENCE
the news a very unpleasant experience
the announcement of important events on television, radio, Dictionary examples:
and in newspapers Being trapped underwater is my worst nightmare.
Dictionary examples: The whole journey was a nightmare - we lost our luggage
It was on the 6 o'clock news. and we arrived two days late.
I usually listen to/watch the 9 o'clock news. Learner example:
Learner example: In a word, [the] holiday became a nightmare: every day we
It'll be shown next Thursday, just after the news. had to buy everything lost by the company.
BAD DREAM
next /nekst/ a frightening dream
Dictionary examples:
ADVERB a terrifying nightmare
AGAIN I shouldn't have watched that movie - it'll give me
The time when you next do something is the first time you nightmares.
do it again. Learner example:
Dictionary example: Every night I had a nightmare.
Could you get some coffee when you next go to the
supermarket? no /nəʊ/
Learner example:
I will talk to you about it much more when I next see you. ADVERB
no ... than
next door /ˌnekstˈdɔːr/ not any
Dictionary examples:
ADVERB The work should be done no later than Friday.
in the next room, house, or building There were no more than fifteen people at the concert.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
That's the old man who lives next door to Paul. In no more than ten lines, my mother explained that she
Learner example: was moving to Brazilia, the capital of our country, and that
Maria didn't understand, but then she realized that the man she would take me and my brother with her.
she was looking for lived next door. DETERMINER
no way INFORMAL
next-door /ˈnekstˌdɔːr/ used to tell someone that something is impossible
Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE I'm sorry but there's no way we can help you.
in the next room, house, or building No way will she agree to you leaving early.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
What are your next-door neighbours like? Don't worry, there is no way I'm going to miss it!
Learner example:
He has just moved from a large city and now he is my new none /nʌn/
next-door neighbour.
PRONOUN
nice /naɪs/ not any
Dictionary examples:
Word family: None of us smoke(s).
Adjectives: nice None of my children has/have blonde hair.
Adverbs: nicely "I'd like some more cheese." "I'm sorry there's none left".
ADJECTIVE "Have you any idea how much this cost?" "None at
nice and sth INFORMAL all/None whatsoever."
used to emphasize a positive quality Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Since none of us had been there before we hired a guide
nice and clean who claimed that he knew English and then we began
This chair's nice and comfy. looking at the ruins.
Learner example:
I've just bought a new lamp for my bedroom. [...] I put it by normally /ˈnɔː.mə.li/
the bed and in front of the door because it's nice and
colourful. Word family:
Nouns: norm, normality
niece /niːs/ Adjectives: normal, abnormal
Adverbs: normally
NOUN [C] ADVERB
a daughter of your brother or sister, or a daughter of your USUALLY
husband's or wife's brother or sister usually
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
We're taking my niece on holiday with us. She doesn't normally arrive until ten.
Learner example: Normally, I plan one or two days ahead.
I bought a purple sweater and I want to knit one like mine Learner example:
for my niece. I normally order fried fish.

nightclub /ˈnaɪt.klʌb/ northeast (north-east) /ˌnɔːθˈiːst/

NOUN [C] NOUN [U]

a place where you can dance and drink at night the direction which is between north and east or the
Dictionary example: northeast part of a country
We had a meal and then went to a nightclub. Dictionary example:
Learner example: They live in the northeast.
We can visit local pubs or nightclubs which I think you will Learner example:
like. The owner is from the northeast of China.
ADJECTIVE

111
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

in the northeast, or facing towards the northeast Please note (that) we will be closed on Saturday.
Dictionary example: Note how easy it is to release the catch quickly.
I don't really know the northeast part of the country. Learner example:
Learner example: Please note that I am available for an interview.
You should visit the Northeast Region which is famous for
its white sandy beaches which are fringed with coconut nothing /ˈnʌθ.ɪŋ/
trees.
PRONOUN
northern (ALSO Northern) /ˈnɔː.ðən/ NOT IMPORTANT
not something important or of value
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: north He's a dangerous person - human life means nothing to
Adjectives: north, northern him.
ADJECTIVE She kept crying about nothing.
in or from the north part of an area A thousand pounds is nothing to a woman of her wealth.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
northern Europe Don't [worry], it's nothing serious.
the Northern Hemisphere
Learner example: notice /ˈnəʊ.tɪs/
Last Summer I went to Chiang Mai, in northern Thailand
with my family. Word family:
Nouns: notice
northwest (north-west) /ˌnɔːθˈwest/ Verbs: notice
Adjectives: noticeable, unnoticed
NOUN [U] VERB [I or T]
the direction which is between north and west or the to see something and be aware of it
northwest part of a country Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: I noticed a crack in the ceiling.
The wind is coming from the northwest. Mary waved at the man but he didn't seem to notice.
ADJECTIVE He noticed (that) the woman was staring at him.
in the northwest, or facing towards the northwest Did you notice how she did that?
Dictionary example: Learner example:
We climbed the northwest face of the mountain. I was having a coffee with Luca, a friend of mine, when I
Learner example: noticed something was missing: it was my favourite ring,
My cousin lives in [the] northwest part [of] London and so I you know, the light pink one!
took [the] underground to central London every day. NOUN
WARNING
not /nɒt/ [U] a warning that something will happen
Dictionary examples:
ADVERB The next time you visit, can you give me more notice?
QUESTIONS The building is closed until further notice.
used to form questions when you think the answer will be The emergency services are ready to spring into action at a
'yes', using the short form 'n't' moment's notice.
Dictionary examples: I'm sorry for the short notice.
She's very pretty, isn't she? Learner example:
You like cheese, don't you? I apologize for the short notice.
Learner example: ATTENTION
I know that you love horror movies, don't you? [U] attention
not at all Dictionary example:
used as a polite reply after someone has thanked you I didn't take any notice of his advice.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
"Thanks for helping." "Not at all." I didn't take notice of it and deleted it again.
Learner example:
"Hello Cédric, it's Christophe from Alcatel. I hope I['m not] noticeboard /ˈnəʊ.tɪs.bɔːd/
disturb[ing] you?" "Not at all, I'm just on holiday".
believe it or not NOUN [C]
used to say that something is true although it seems a board on the wall where you put advertisements and
surprising announcements
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
He even remembered my birthday, believe it or not. I saw the ad on the noticeboard.
Learner example: Learner example:
First I visited the "Roman Bath'' which is more than 2000 I put an advertis[e]ment on the noticeboard in the hall of
years old and, believe it or not, it still works! the hotel and luckily, after a week, a very kind girl sen[t]
not even me the sweater.
used to emphasize the fact that something does not
happen or is not true novel /ˈnɒv.əl/
Dictionary examples:
"I never cry." "Not even when you hurt yourself really Word family:
badly?" Nouns: novel, novelist
Nobody spoke, not even the children. NOUN [C]
Learner example: a book that tells a story about imaginary people and events
We tried to fish, but didn't catch a thing, not even a shoe! Dictionary examples:
historical/romantic novels
note /nəʊt/ Have you read any of Jane Austen's novels?
His latest novel is selling really well.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: note Yesterday I was sat on the bench under a tree in that
Verbs: note wonderful garden and I was reading an interesting novel by
Adjectives: notable Jane Austen, when a charming [young] boy [came] near to
Adverbs: notably me.
NOUN
MONEY nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/
[C] a piece of paper money
Dictionary example: ADVERB
a ten-pound note at the present time, especially when compared to the past
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
This was because the suitcase was full of stolen bank notes. Everything seems more expensive nowadays.
VERB [T] FORMAL SLIGHTLY Who remembers those films nowadays?
to notice something Nowadays, I bake my own bread rather than buy it.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
They noted the consumers' growing demand for quicker Well, nowadays I hardly ever watch television, as time is
service. something that I really don't have enough [of].

112
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

nowhere /ˈnəʊ.weər/ Word family:

Nouns: occasion
ADVERB Adjectives: occasional
NOT ANYWHERE Adverbs: occasionally
not anywhere NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: SPECIAL TIME
The room was very crowded - there was nowhere to sit. an important event or ceremony
These young people have nowhere else to go. Dictionary examples:
Nowhere does the article mention the names of the people a special occasion
involved. At the wedding he sang a song specially written for the
Learner example: occasion.
Then she left the airport, but she had nowhere to go I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions.
without money and identity, so she called her family asking The coronation of a new king is, of course, a historic
[for] some help. occasion.
Congratulations on the occasion of your wedding
number /ˈnʌm.bər/ anniversary.
Learner example:
Word family: I enjoy wearing clothes for special occasions - for example
Nouns: number [a] nice long dress.
Verbs: number, outnumber
Adjectives: innumerable, numerous ocean /ˈəʊ.ʃən/
NOUN
AMOUNT NOUN [NO PLURAL]
[C or U] an amount the sea
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
The number of people killed in road accidents fell last to swim in the ocean
month. It's an island in the middle of the ocean.
A small number of children are educated at home. These mysterious creatures live at the bottom of the ocean.
A large number of people were contacted. Learner example:
Learner example: It has an ocean view and when I wake up in the morning the
We are a well-mixed class with equal numbers of boys and sunshine comes [in through the]
girls, all about 20 years old. window, it's the best moment in the day.

object /ˈɒb.dʒɪkt/ of /ɒv/

Word family: PREPOSITION

Nouns: objection WHO/WHAT
Verbs: object used to show who or what does something
NOUN [C] /ˈɒb.dʒɪkt/ Dictionary examples:
THING the works of Shakespeare
a thing that you can see or touch but that is usually not the arrival of the rainy season
alive the music of the flute
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
a bright, shiny object They often cover the music of "The Beatles" or "The Rolling
There were various objects on show. Stones".
Learner example: CAUSE
I saw [many] things like dinosaur bones, mummies, showing a reason or cause
va[r]ious objects, etc. Dictionary example:
GRAMMAR He died of cancer.
in grammar, the person or thing that is affected by the Learner example:
action of the verb or the person or thing that comes after a But, three months later, after walk[ing] in the rain he died
preposition of pneumonia.
Dictionary example: of course
In the sentence 'I like ice cream', 'ice cream' is the object of used to show that what you are saying is obvious or already
the verb 'like'. known
Dictionary example:
obvious /ˈɒb.vi.əs/ Of course, the Olympics are not just about money.
Learner example:
Word family: Of course, I met many new people.
Adjectives: obvious
Adverbs: obviously off /ɒf/
ADJECTIVE
easy to understand or see ADVERB
Dictionary examples: AWAY FROM
"How do you know she's not happy?" "It's obvious." away from a place or position
It's obvious (that) she doesn't like him. Dictionary examples:
There is no obvious solution. I'm just off to the shops.
They have a small child so for obvious reasons they need Keep the dog on the lead or he'll just run off.
money. If we can get off early tomorrow morning we'll avoid most of
I know you don't like her, but do you have to make it so the traffic.
obvious? I'm off now - see you tomorrow.
Am I just stating the obvious? She's off to Canada next week.
Learner example: Learner example:
The answers [to] your questions are obvious. They g[o]t into the car and drove off.
LESS MONEY
obviously /ˈɒb.vi.ə.sli/ If a price has a certain amount of money off, it costs that
much less than the usual price.
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: obvious You can get some money off if you pay cash.
Adverbs: obviously There's 40% off this week on all winter coats.
ADVERB There was $40 or $50 off most jackets in the shop.
in a way that is easy to understand or see Learner example:
Dictionary examples: He promised me 30% off the price, so I'm going to buy the
Obviously the school cannot function without teachers. TV and the CD player from him.
He was in tears and obviously very upset. PREPOSITION
Learner example: AWAY FROM
Obviously it's a special day for all the family, so we spend a down or away from a place or position
lot of time - and also lots of money - Dictionary examples:
[o]n dresses, food and flowers. All the leaves had dropped off the tree.
He fell off his bike.
occasion /əˈkeɪ.ʒən/ Learner example:

113
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

I still remember the way your brother fell off the lad[d]er Learner example:
that day. He is working in a big oil company called Agip.
REMOVED
used with actions in which something is removed or old-fashioned /ˌəʊldˈfæʃ.ənd/
removes itself from another thing
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
I can't get the lid off this jar. not modern
Has anyone taken a book off my desk? Dictionary examples:
Could you cut me a small piece off that white cheese? old-fashioned clothes/ideas/furniture
Take your feet off the seat. She's a bit old-fashioned in her outlook.
Learner example: Learner example:
Next month, I'm going to change my bedroom. I'll take the But I don't like clothes with stripes, because I think that's a
photographs off the wall. little old-fashioned.

offer /ˈɒf.ər/ olive /ˈɒl.ɪv/

VERB NOUN [C]

ASK a small green or black fruit with a bitter taste that is eaten
[+ TWO OBJECTS] to ask someone if they would like or used to produce oil
something Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: olive oil
They've offered me a job. olive trees
Can I offer you a drink? Learner example:
I feel bad that I didn't offer them any food. In [the] countryside there are some hills, some sunflowers,
Someone should offer that old lady a seat. olive trees and many medieval town[s] on the hills to visit!
Learner example:
He offered me a contract and asked me to go to his music on /ɒn/
studio to record a CD.
PROVIDE PREPOSITION
[T] to give or provide something on sale
Dictionary examples: available to buy in a shop, on the Internet, etc.
to offer advice Dictionary example:
We are now offering you the chance/opportunity to buy The video and book are now on sale.
the complete set of DVDs at half price. Learner example:
Did he offer any explanation for his strange behaviour? I went window shopping with my friends yesterday and I
Learner example: saw this beautiful skirt on sale.
Rome offers good nightlife so after visiting [the] museum, ABOUT
we'll be able to go to [the] disco. about
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
CHEAP a book on plants
a cheap price or special arrangement for something you are Her thesis is on Italian women's literature.
buying Learner example:
Dictionary examples: The other one is a book on dogs and cats.
This special offer ends on Friday. NEXT TO
Are these jeans still on offer? next to or along the side of a place or area
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
We found a £12 offer to Leeds Castle including bus transfer Cambridge is on the River Cam.
and entrance ticket for the castle. Our house was on Sturton Street.
Strasbourg is on the border of France and Germany.
officer /ˈɒf.ɪ.sər/ Learner example:
Dan, We are going to the cinema that is on Arocena street.
Word family: USING
Nouns: officer, official using something
Adjectives: official Dictionary examples:
Adverbs: officially I do all my household accounts on computer.
NOUN [C] Chris is on drums and Mike's on bass guitar.
POLICE I'm on the phone.
a police officer Learner example:
Dictionary example: I was in the pizza shop to order some food for my family
a uniformed officer and I was on the phone.
Learner example: on board
They sent me an officer: Officer McDonald, from the anti- on a boat, train, aircraft, etc.
mafia department. Dictionary example:
POSITION OF AUTHORITY There were 230 people on board the plane.
a person who has a position of authority in an organization Learner example:
Dictionary example: I also love travelling by plane because you can have a
a customs/prison officer snack on board.
Learner example: on fire
I work as [a] customs officer and [in] this job I meet a lot of If something is on fire, it is burning when it should not be.
foreign people every day. Dictionary example:
If your home was on fire and you could save only one thing,
oh /əʊ/ what would it be?
Learner example:
EXCLAMATION A lot of bu[i]ldings were on fire.
Oh my God! INFORMAL on purpose
used to emphasize how surprised, angry, shocked, etc. you intentionally
are Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: I didn't do it on purpose, it was an accident.
Oh my God! The car's been stolen. Learner example:
Learner example: I didn't do it on purpose; it was dark and I just walked into
Oh my god, your sister is getting married! it.
on time
oil /ɔɪl/ not early or late
Dictionary example:
NOUN I got to school on time.
FUEL Learner example:
[U] a thick liquid that comes from under the Earth's surface So, I will not be on time for my English class tomorrow.
that is used as a fuel and for making parts of machines on display
move easily If something is on display, it is there for people to look at.
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
an oil company Many old aircraft are on display at the museum at the
engine oil moment.

114
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example:
There were some new musical instruments on display. ADVERB
on the whole NOWHERE ELSE
generally not in any other place
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
We've had a few problems, but on the whole we're very At present these televisions are only available in Japan.
happy. These birds are only found in New Zealand.
Learner example: Learner example:
On the whole I don't like watching television. I think animals, just as human beings, can only live in their
(all) on your own natural habitat.
alone RECENTLY
Dictionary example: used to mean that something happened very recently
I like living on my own. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: I only arrived half an hour ago.
On Wedn[e]sday morning I went on my own to see They only put the roof on last week.
[the]Vatican. People were leaving and I'd only just arrived.
(all) on your own We'd only just set off when the car broke down.
without any help Learner example:
Dictionary example: I am really sorry I didn't write back earlier but I have only
I did my buttons up all on my own, Mummy. just got back from holiday.
Learner example: NOT IMPORTANT
Maybe I can do the missing work on my own. used to say that something is not important, or that you did
ADVERB not mean to upset someone
MOVEMENT/POSITION Dictionary examples:
into a bus, train, plane, etc. or onto a horse Don't worry - it's only a scratch.
Dictionary examples: I was only joking.
The train suddenly started moving as I was stepping on. I was only trying to help.
Her horse began to move as soon as she was on. Learner example:
It was only a dream!
once /wʌnts/ if only
used when you want to say how doing something simple
ADVERB would make it possible to avoid something unpleasant
PAST Dictionary example:
in the past, but not now If only she'd listen to what he's saying, I'm sure they could
Dictionary examples: work it out.
This house once belonged to my grandfather. Learner example:
Computers are much cheaper nowadays than they once If only I had been more careful.
were.
Learner example: onto (ALSO on to) /ˈɒn.tu/
I once went to England and I love the style of the clothes
and how people dress there! PREPOSITION
once again MOVEMENT
again used to show movement into or on a particular place
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
Once again I'm left with all the washing-up! I slipped as I stepped onto the platform.
Learner example: The crates were loaded onto trucks.
Once again I'm sorry. Learner example:
once more We couldn't talk so much, because the music was very loud
one more time till a group of singers came onto the dance floor and [did] a
Dictionary example: great show.
I'd like to visit the colleges once more before we leave.
Learner example: open /ˈəʊ.pən/
On Friday I will see him once more.
at once Word family:
immediately Nouns: opening, openness
Dictionary example: Verbs: open
I knew at once that I'd like it here. Adjectives: open, opening
Learner example: Adverbs: openly
She called for an ambulance which came at once. ADJECTIVE
once upon a time WITHOUT BUILDINGS
used at the beginning of a story to mean a long time ago An open area of land has no buildings on it or near it.
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess. large open spaces
Learner example: From the garden there was a marvellous view over open
Once upon a time there was a very poor family. countryside.
Learner example:
one /wʌn/ I need to be outside in open spaces.
VERB
PRONOUN COMPUTERS
one another [T] to make a computer document or program ready to be
each other read or used
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
How can they reach an agreement if they won't talk to one First, open the file called 'statistics'.
another?
Learner example: operate /ˈɒp.ər.eɪt/
We know one another from Poland.
DETERMINER Word family:
one day Nouns: operation, operator
at some time in the future Verbs: operate
Dictionary example: VERB
I'd like to go to Berlin again one day. TREATMENT
Learner example: [I] to treat an illness or injury by cutting someone's body
I hope one day I can become like that. and removing or repairing part of it
one or two Dictionary example:
a few Did they have to operate on him?
Dictionary example: Learner example:
I'd like to make one or two suggestions. One day he decided to give part of his money to his son,
Learner example: whose wife was sick and had to be operated [on]
I need more T shirts, new skate shoes and perhaps one or immediately.
two pullovers.
operation /ˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/
only /ˈəʊn.li/

115
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Word family: Learner example:

Nouns: operation, operator I was on the pavement next to my house and I was calling
Verbs: operate to my friend, when suddenly I saw a man who [was] just
NOUN [C] going around to my neighbour's car, which was parked
DOCTOR opposite.
[C] when a doctor cuts someone's body to remove or repair
part of it option /ˈɒp.ʃən/
Dictionary examples:
a major/minor operation Word family:
He's got to have an operation on his shoulder. Nouns: option
We will know in a couple of days if the operation to restore Verbs: opt
her sight was successful. Adjectives: optional
Learner example: NOUN [C]
I'm sorry that I can't attend the class tomorrow because my CHOICE
father is having an operation tomorrow. a choice
Dictionary examples:
opinion /əˈpɪn.jən/ We don't have many options.
I'm still considering my options.
NOUN The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether.
OF PERSON We always have the option of refusing to go.
[C] a thought or belief about something or someone There are various options open to someone who is willing
Dictionary examples: to work hard.
What's your opinion about/on the matter? Learner example:
People tend to have strong opinions on capital punishment. It sounds like a difficult decision to make, but my advice is
He didn't express/give an opinion on the matter. to go to a large school in the centre of the town, because I
Who, in your opinion, is the best football player in the think you'll have way more options to choose from.
world today?
Her opinion of Adam changed after he'd been so helpful at or /ɔːr/
the wedding.
My doctor has referred me to a specialist for a second CONJUNCTION
opinion on the results of my blood test. WARNING
Learner example: used to give someone a warning or advice
I really enjoy shopping for clothes especial[l]y when I go Dictionary example:
shopping with my brother, because I sometimes ask him for You should eat more, or you'll make yourself ill.
his opinion. Learner example:
She called "Bill, come here or you'll be in trouble".
opportunity /ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti/ or so INFORMAL
approximately
NOUN Dictionary example:
CHANCE They raised two hundred pounds or so for charity.
[C or U] a situation in which it is possible for you to do Learner example:
something, or a possibility of After an hour or so they changed the flight and new people
doing something came, then he realised that his suitcase was lost.
Dictionary examples:
Everyone will have an opportunity to comment. orchestra /ˈɔː.kɪ.strə/
The exhibition is a unique opportunity to see her later
work. Word family:
An ankle injury meant she missed the opportunity to take Nouns: orchestra
part in the race. Adjectives: orchestral
He goes fishing at every opportunity. NOUN [C + SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB]
Please contact us at the earliest opportunity. a large group of musicians who play different instruments
Learner example: together
It's a good opportunity to spend time with your friends. Dictionary examples:
a symphony orchestra
opposite /ˈɒp.ə.zɪt/ She's a cellist in the City of Birmingham Symphony
Orchestra.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: opposite, opposition I have to go for orchestra practi[c]e as we are going to
Verbs: oppose perform on television next week.
Adjectives: opposite, opposed
Adverbs: opposite order /ˈɔː.dər/
ADJECTIVE
FACING Word family:
in a position facing something or someone but on the other Nouns: order, disorder
side NOUN
Dictionary examples: ARRANGEMENT
My brother and I live on opposite sides of London. [U] the way in which people or things are arranged, either
The map on the opposite page shows the main lakes in the in relation to one another
area. or according to a particular characteristic
They sat at opposite ends of the table, refusing to talk. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: The children lined up in order of age/height.
[O]n the opposite side, there is a dark brown wardro[be] I can't find the file I need because they're all out of order.
which is made of wood. I've put the files in alphabetical order.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
something or someone that is completely different from This is the order of the wedding [ceremony]: first the man
another person or thing and the woman enter the church together.
Dictionary examples: in order (for sb/sth) to do sth
The opposite of 'fast' is 'slow'. with the purpose of achieving something
My father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the Dictionary examples:
opposite. He came home early in order to see the children before
She's turned out to be the exact opposite of what they went to bed.
everyone expected. She worked all summer in order to save enough money.
Learner example: Learner example:
Physically, she's the opposite of me. She will go to the United States in order to improve her
ADVERB English.
in a position facing someone or something but on the other out of order
side If a machine or system is out of order, it is not working as it
Dictionary examples: should.
She asked the man sitting opposite whether he'd mind if Dictionary example:
she opened the window. The coffee machine's out of order.
The people who live opposite are always making a lot of Learner example:
noise. Last week my TV was out of order.

116
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples:
ordinary /ˈɔː.dɪ.nə.ri/ I don't have any cash - is there no other way of paying?
Ask me some other time when I'm not so busy.
ADJECTIVE He likes travelling abroad and learning about other people's
NOT SPECIAL customs and traditions.
not special, different, or unusual in any way Learner example:
Dictionary examples: The two kids [had] waited [long] enough so they decided to
These are ordinary people living ordinary lives. walk. The girl asked: "Is there any
It was a fairly ordinary house. other way the Man [can] hurt us?"
I thought the food was very ordinary. the other side/end (of sth)
Learner example: the opposite side or end of something
It is an ordinary bedroom with white-coloured walls, two Dictionary examples:
drawers, [a] TV and a bed, of course. Put the chair at the other end of the desk.
The man was waiting on the other side of the street.
organization (ALSO UK organisation) /ˌɔː.gən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ Learner example:
I'll move my bed to the other side of my room.
Word family: the other day/week, etc.
Nouns: organization, organizer referring to a day, week, etc. in the recent past without
Verbs: organize saying exactly when it was
Adjectives: disorganized, organized Dictionary example:
NOUN I saw him just the other day/night.
GROUP Learner example:
[C] an official group of people who work together for the Dear John, Thanks for the letter you wrote me the other
same purpose day.
Dictionary examples: PRONOUN
the World Health Organization others
The article was about the international aid organizations. people in general, not including yourself
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Everyone would pay for it and they would give the money You shouldn't expect others to do your work for you.
to an organisation who help poor children in Africa. Learner example:
PLANNING I think that I would be very useful there, because I know
[U] the planning of an activity or event that they need people who enjoy helping others and I am
Dictionary example: one of those [people].
He didn't want to be involved in the organization of/for the
conference, although he agreed to attend. otherwise /ˈʌð.ə.waɪz/
Learner example:
I hope you could c[o]me and help me with this party ADVERB
organisation? WHAT WOULD HAPPEN
used after an order or suggestion to show what the result
organize (ALSO UK organise) /ˈɔː.gən.aɪz/ will be if you do not
follow that order or suggestion
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: organization, organizer I'd better write it down, otherwise I'll forget it.
Verbs: organize You really must phone home. Otherwise, your parents will
Adjectives: disorganized, organized start to worry.
VERB [T] Learner example:
PLAN Oh! I'll have to buy a table for the computer. Otherwise, I'll
to plan or arrange something have to use my computer on my bed.
Dictionary examples:
He had organized the whole event. ought to /ɔːt.tuː/
They organized a meeting between the teachers and
students. MODAL VERB
She had organized a car to meet me at the airport. BEST THING
Learner example: used to say or ask what is the correct or best thing to do
There are two soccer fields where the members organise Dictionary examples:
matches and tournaments. We ought to tidy up before we go.
You ought to see a doctor.
original /əˈrɪdʒ.ə.nəl/ He ought to have told her the truth.
Ought I to phone her?
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: origin, original I ought to go to the doctor tomorrow.
Verbs: originate
Adjectives: original out /aʊt/
Adverbs: originally
ADJECTIVE ADVERB
FIRST MADE AWAY FROM INSIDE
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] existing since the beginning, or used to show movement away from the inside of a place or
being the earliest form of something container
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
That was my original plan. Get out!
Is this the original fireplace? She opened the window and stuck her head out.
The gardens have recently been restored to their original The bag burst and the apples fell out.
glory. He opened the drawer and took out a pair of socks.
Learner example: My secretary will see you out.
The film was amazing, with excellent special effects and Learner example:
good actors, even if some of the story is When I was on the plane, I decided to open my suitcase to
a little different from the original novel (which I've read take out my CD player because I was bored.
twice!) APPEAR
INTERESTING able to be seen
special and interesting because of not being the same as Dictionary examples:
others The stars are out tonight.
Dictionary examples: The rain stopped and the sun came out.
Her essay was full of original ideas. The flowers are starting to come out.
He's a highly original thinker. Learner example:
Learner example: In the beginning it was raining a little bit, but then the sun
I like to be original. came out.
AVAILABLE
other /ˈʌð.ər/ available to buy or see
Dictionary examples:
DETERMINER Is the new Harry Potter book out yet?
DIFFERENT The new Tarantino movie comes out in August.
different from the thing or person already mentioned Learner example:

117
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

It came out just yesterday. If a machine or system is out of order, it is not working as it
DISAPPEAR should.
to the point where something is removed or disappears Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: The coffee machine's out of order.
The stain won't come out. Learner example:
Cross out any words that are not on the list. Last week my TV was out of order.
Learner example: out of work
A friend of mine told me, when he was in Lampton, that you not in a job
couldn't have special rates for students at Hotel Royal, so Dictionary examples:
you should cross [that information] out of the guide. I've been out of work for the last six months.
out loud Both she and her husband are out of work.
If you say or read something out loud, you say or read it so Learner example:
that other people can hear you. Right now I am out of work and would like to try
Dictionary example: som[e]thing different for a while.
I had to read the essay out loud in front of the whole school.
Learner example: oven /ˈʌv.ən/
She wouldn't accept it so I read [it] out loud for her to hear:
"Director, Jason Meyer, and producer, Sami Woods, are NOUN [C]
receiving...". the part of a cooker with a door, which is used to cook food
Dictionary examples:
outdoor /ˌaʊtˈdɔːr/ a microwave oven
a cool/medium/hot oven
Word family: Place the cake in the oven at 200°C.
Adjectives: outdoor Learner example:
Adverbs: outdoors They eat the traditional food souvlaki and potatoes
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] [cooked] in the oven.
happening, used, or in a place that is outside and not inside
a building over /ˈəʊ.vər/
Dictionary examples:
an outdoor swimming pool/concert PREPOSITION
outdoor clothes HIGHER POSITION
Learner example: above or higher than something
The water temperature of the outdoor pool is relatively cold Dictionary examples:
because it's filled with natural mountain-spring-water. The sign over the door said "Exit".
A flock of geese flew over the trees.
outdoors /ˌaʊtˈdɔːz/ She held the umbrella over both of us.
Learner example:
Word family: Besides that, you have voted for the construction of a new
Adjectives: outdoor bridge over the main street.
Adverbs: outdoors ACROSS
ADVERB across from one side of something to the other, especially
outside by going up and then down
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
If the weather's good, we'll eat outdoors. She jumped over the gate.
Learner example: The road goes over the mountains.
My parents always tell me that I should spend more time She is always chatting with her neighbour over the garden
outdoors. fence.
From the top of the tower you could see for miles over the
out-of-date /ˌaʊt.əvˈdeɪt/ city.
Tanks travel over the most difficult ground.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
old and no longer useful, correct or fashionable I most enjoyed [it] when we [were] cycling over the hills,
Dictionary example: because there weren't any people and it was peaceful and
I had a very out-of-date map. qui[et].
Learner example: all over somewhere
I don't want to be an out-of-date person. everywhere in a particular place
Dictionary example:
out of /ˈaʊt.əv/ Soon the news was all over town.
Learner example:
PREPOSITION The people in the class are from all over the world.
NO LONGER INSIDE DURING
used to show movement away from the inside of a place or during a particular period of time
container Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: I was in Seattle over the summer.
A peach rolled out of the bag. We discussed the matter over lunch.
I jumped out of bed and ran downstairs. It's fascinating to watch how a baby changes and develops
Learner example: over time.
Once he told me that he and his other friend saw a cat Learner example:
falling out of a window. He apologised for the trouble and when he heard that they
MADE FROM just wanted to stay over the weekend, he said they should
used to show what something is made from go and buy the most important things and enjoy the
Dictionary examples: weekend as the suitcase wo[uld]n't arrive until Monday.
The dress is made out of silk. OTHER SIDE
The statue was carved out of a single block of stone. on the other side of
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I love clothes which are made out of cotton. These are There's a pub over the road we could go to.
perfect for this hot weather. The story continues over the page.
FROM AMONG The station is over the bridge.
from among an amount or number over here/there
Dictionary examples: in this/that place
Nine out of ten people said they liked the product. Dictionary example:
No one got 20 out of 20 in the test. Put your bags down over there.
Learner example: Learner example:
He got 99.4 out of 100, "Oh my God". How is everything over there?
out of date ADVERB
old and no longer useful, correct or fashionable ACROSS
Dictionary example: from one side or place to another
These unemployment figures are out of date. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: She leaned over and kissed me.
The library has got very poor staff and most of it is out of Why don't you come over for dinner on Thursday?
date. I've got a friend over from Canada this week.
out of order

118
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Now we're going over to Wembley for commentary on the a packet of cereal/biscuits/crisps
Cup Final. a packet of chewing gum/cigarettes
Learner example: How many seeds are there in a packet?
He came over to me and we talked a while. Learner example:
FINISHED He bought a packet of pop-corn.
finished
Dictionary examples: painful /ˈpeɪn.fəl/
I'll be glad when the competition is over.
I used to have a thriving business and a happy marriage, Word family:
but that's all over now. Nouns: pain
Learner example: Adjectives: painful
David smiled triumphantly and said, "It is all over!" ADJECTIVE
PHYSICAL
overnight /ˌəʊ.vəˈnaɪt/ causing physical pain
Dictionary example:
ADJECTIVE; ADVERB A painful injury forced her to withdraw from the game.
FOR THE NIGHT Learner example:
for or during the night One of my [teeth] is very painful.
Dictionary examples:
an overnight stop in Paris palace /ˈpæl.ɪs/
You can stay overnight if you want to.
Don't forget to pack an overnight bag. NOUN [C]
Learner example: a very large building where a king, queen or president lives
We will stay in our tents overnight and [get] up early in the Dictionary examples:
morning to reach the next camping site. a royal/presidential palace
Buckingham Palace
owe /əʊ/ Learner example:
I know some places [in London] like Big Ben and
VERB [+ TWO OBJECTS] Buckingham Palace.
MONEY pan /pæn/
to have to pay money back to someone NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: a round, metal container with a handle and usually a lid,
I owe Janet ten pounds. that is used for cooking food in
We still owe £1000 to the bank. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Heat the milk in a small pan.
Please tell me how much I owe you for that. This dishwasher even washes pots and pans.
Learner example:
own /əʊn/ [At this restaurant,] you cook the food in the pan by
yourself.
Word family:
Nouns: owner, ownership pants /pænts/
Verbs: own
ADJECTIVE; PRONOUN NOUN [PLURAL]
of your own underwear that covers the bottom
belonging to someone or something Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: Make sure you bring a clean pair of pants.
I'll have a home of my own someday. Learner example:
He wanted an apartment of his own. Every day I went to buy different pants, shoes, shirts and all
Learner example: the [clothes the] baby needs.
I also bought a cupboard of my own, so that I need not
share with my sister. paper /ˈpeɪ.pər/
(all) on your own
alone NOUN
Dictionary example: NEWSPAPER
I like living on my own. [C] a newspaper
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
On Wedn[e]sday morning I went on my own to see [the] a daily/weekly/local/national paper
Vatican. The photo was on the front page of all the papers.
(all) on your own Learner example:
without any help Hey Jo, Yesterday I [saw] an advertisement for a job in a
Dictionary example: local paper: it said that if you like pets, you can become a
I did my buttons up all on my own, Mummy. dog-sitter for three days a week.
Learner example:
Maybe I can do the missing work on my own. paragraph /ˈpær.ə.grɑːf/
VERB [T]
to have something that legally belongs to you NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: a part of a text that usually contains several sentences and
We own our house. begins on a new line
I've never owned a suit in my life. Dictionary example:
Learner example: Organise your essay in clear paragraphs.
It is owned by a Japanese owner. Learner example:
I [made] many mistakes when I read [the] paragraph.
owner /ˈəʊ.nər/
parcel /ˈpɑː.səl/
Word family:
Nouns: owner, ownership NOUN [C]
Verbs: own something that is covered in paper so that it can be sent by
NOUN [C] post
someone who owns something Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: send/receive/deliver a parcel
Are you the owner of this car? The parcel was wrapped in plain brown paper.
We still haven't found the dog's owner. Learner example:
Learner example: A week later, she received a parcel.
The owner was an old woman who lives alone in a big
house with her pet animals. parking /ˈpɑː.kɪŋ/

packet /ˈpæk.ɪt/ Word family:

Nouns: parking
NOUN [C] Verbs: park
a small paper or cardboard container that contains several NOUN [U]
of the same thing leaving a vehicle in a particular place for a period of time
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:

119
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

a parking place/space Partners are not invited to the office party.

free/underground parking Learner example:
Learner example: Mike had been my partner for 3 years.
You can't find a parking place when you need one and cars
are a problem because of the pollution. part-time /ˌpɑːtˈtaɪm/

parrot /ˈpær.ət/ ADVERB; ADJECTIVE

If you work part-time or do part-time work, you work for
NOUN [C] only some of the day or the week.
a tropical bird with a curved beak and colourful feathers Dictionary examples:
that can be taught to copy what people say a part-time job
Dictionary example: He works part-time as a waiter.
We saw parrots flying wild in the jungle. Learner example:
Learner example: I can't afford to buy it so I'll look for a part-time job.
Send my regards to your family and to your lovely parrot
too. party /ˈpɑː.ti/

part /pɑːt/ NOUN [C]

POLITICS
Word family: [+ SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB] an organization of
Nouns: part people who share the same political beliefs and try to win
Adjectives: partial elections
Adverbs: partly, partially Dictionary examples:
NOUN a political party
FILM/PLAY the Green Party
[C] a person in a film or play The Labour Party has/have just elected a new leader.
Dictionary example: He was elected as party leader in 2001.
He plays the part of the father in the film version. They contacted party members from across the nation to
Learner example: ask for their support.
I think the movie is really funny and one of my favourite Learner example:
actors plays the main part. He organised a political party called "Kuo Min Tang of
take part China" and started his revolution to overthrow the Chinese
to be involved in an activity with other people monarchy.
Dictionary example:
She doesn't usually take part in any of the class activities. pass /pɑːs/
Learner example:
Last month when we took part in a dance competition, I VERB
couldn't imagine that we were able to win, but we did. GO PAST
[I or T] to go past something or someone
particular /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lər/ Dictionary examples:
I passed him on the stairs this morning.
Word family: Cars kept passing us on the motorway.
Adjectives: particular If you pass a supermarket on the way back, could you get
Adverbs: particularly me some milk?
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
in particular I started to cros[s] the street and then a car passed.
especially pass over/through, etc.
Dictionary examples: to go in a particular direction
What in particular did you like about the last apartment Dictionary examples:
that we saw? A plane passed over our heads.
Are you looking for anything in particular? We pass through your village on our way home.
Learner example: Learner example:
However, I like reading magazines too, in particular those Then we passed through the quiet co[u]ntryside.
about Hollywood gossip or fashion. GIVE
[T] to give something to someone
particularly /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lə.li/ Dictionary examples:
Could you pass the salt, please?
Word family: Gerald passed me the note./Gerald passed the note to me.
Adjectives: particular Learner example:
Adverbs: particularly For [me to] cover [the] work, can you pass [it] to my friend
ADVERB Jittanun.
especially, or more than usual TIME
Dictionary examples: [I] If a period of time passes, it happens.
Your ideas are particularly helpful. Dictionary examples:
She didn't seem particularly interested. Four years have passed since that day.
"Was the food good?" "Not particularly." Time seems to pass (by) so slowly when you're bored.
Learner example: Learner example:
I particularly enjoyed swimming in your new swimming Five minutes passed and he didn't come, so I decided to go
pool. back inside.
NOUN [C]
partly /ˈpɑːt.li/ DOCUMENT
an official document or ticket that allows you to do
Word family: something
Nouns: part Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: partial a bus/rail pass
Adverbs: partly, partially a boarding pass
ADVERB Learner example:
to some extent, but not completely You can buy [a] one-day bus pass and you could visit many
Dictionary examples: monuments and pictures[qu]e places.
The house is partly owned by her father.
He was partly responsible for the error. passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/
Learner example:
I suggest you spend your time partly in the countryside and NOUN
partly in a city. the passive
the passive form of a verb
partner /ˈpɑːt.nər/ Dictionary example:
When changed into the passive, 'The dog chased the cat'
NOUN [C] becomes 'The cat was chased by the dog'.
RELATIONSHIP Learner example:
someone who you live with and have a sexual relationship We were studying English grammar, the verbs, the
with conditionals, the passive and the active, etc.
Dictionary example: That was the first part, of the class.

120
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

ADJECTIVE Learner example:

GRAMMAR In my country now legging[s are] the new fashion. Some
A passive verb or sentence is one in which the subject does wear [ones] with stripes, or the black [ones] also ha[ve] a
not do or cause the action but is affected by it. zebra pattern.
Dictionary example:
"He was released from prison." is a passive sentence. pause /pɔːz/

password /ˈpɑːs.wɜːd/ VERB

PERSON
NOUN [C] [I] to stop doing something for a short time
a secret word that allows you to do something, such as use Dictionary examples:
your computer He paused for a moment.
Dictionary example: She paused to get her breath back and then carried on
Key in your password. jogging.
Learner example: Learner example:
It wasn't me, [it] was my brother who stole my password. After a while, she pulled herself together and paused for a
minute.
past /pɑːst/
pavement /ˈpeɪv.mənt/
ADJECTIVE
BEFORE NOW NOUN [C]
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] having happened or existed a path by the side of a road that people walk on
before now Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: The jar slipped from my hand and smashed on the
past relationships pavement.
I know this from past experience. Learner example:
Learner example: I called my friends and asked them if they had found my
I like the place because it has [nice] people, music and all scarf. Fortuna[ate]ly they ha[d] seen my scarf on the
sorts of things [about] past events. pavement outside the disco.
UNTIL NOW
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] used to refer to a period of pay /peɪ/
time before and until the present
Dictionary examples: Word family:
I've spent the past ten years in and out of jobs. Nouns: pay, payment
It's been raining for the past three days. Verbs: pay, repay
He was the fifth climber to die on these mountains over the Adjectives: payable, underpaid, unpaid
past two days. VERB (paid, paid)
Learner example: WORK
Dear Anna, I've just arrived home and couldn't wait to write [I or T] to give someone money for the work that they do
you to thank you for being so nice, trust[ing] and kind Dictionary examples:
lending me your flat for the past week. She gets paid twice a month.
NOUN Accountancy may be boring but at least it pays well.
the past Most of these women are very poorly paid and work in
the time before the present and all the things that terrible conditions.
happened then Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Those are the first thing[s] I am going to buy when I get
the distant/recent past paid.
In the past, people would bathe once a month. pay attention (to sth)
Learner example: to watch, listen to, or think about something carefully
In the past, we were best friends. Dictionary example:
sb's past You weren't paying attention to what I was saying.
all of the things that someone has done in their life Learner example:
Dictionary example: Larry is a very distracted boy. Everybody says that he
I knew nothing about his past. should pay attention to what he is doing.
Learner example: NOUN [U]
After the film, we went to a restaurant called Adriano, and the money you receive for doing a job
as the weather was cool, we had a glass of wine and started Dictionary examples:
asking [about] each other's past. Have you had a pay rise recently?
It's a nice job but the pay is appalling.
patient /ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/ Learner example:
The pay is good, but have you [got] a car to get
Word family: everywhere?
Nouns: patience, impatience
Adjectives: impatient, patient pea /piː/
Adverbs: impatiently, patiently
NOUN [C] NOUN [C]
someone who is being treated by a doctor, nurse, etc. a round green seed, several of which grow in a pod, eaten
Dictionary examples: as a vegetable
a cancer patient Dictionary examples:
I'm a patient of Dr Stephens, please could I make an frozen/dried peas
appointment to see her? pea soup
Learner example: Learner example:
Another good programme is a serial called "House", which I had a fish meal with some vegetables: peas, beans,
is about an e[c]centric doctor who has the incredible flair of carrots and lettuce.
knowing which disease patients [have] without examining
them. peace /piːs/
ADJECTIVE
having patience Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: peace
Dinner will be ready in half an hour - just be patient! Adjectives: peaceful
Be patient with her - she's very young. Adverbs: peacefully
Learner example: NOUN [U]
She is very patient with us and she tries to explain CALM
everything in detail for better understanding. calm and quiet
Dictionary examples:
pattern /ˈpæt.ən/ You'll need peace and quiet to study.
He says he's at peace when he's walking in the mountains.
NOUN [C] Go away and leave us to finish our dinner in peace.
ARRANGEMENT There'll be no peace until she gets what she wants.
a design of lines, shapes, colours, etc. Learner example:
Dictionary example: I saw a lot of primitive people who live in peace with the
The carpet was very old and had an unusual pattern. rainforest.

121
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

peaceful /ˈpiːs.fəl/ ADVERB

for or out of every 100, shown by the symbol %
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: peace You got 20 percent of the answers right - that means one in
Adjectives: peaceful every five.
Adverbs: peacefully Only 40% of people bothered to vote in the election.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
CALM I love colourful clothes and this skirt was [in a] sale so I just
quiet and calm had to pay 30 per cent of the old price.
Dictionary example:
a peaceful afternoon/place perfect /ˈpɜː.fɪkt/
Learner example:
This village is in a peaceful location with [a] sandy beach. Word family:
Adjectives: perfect, imperfect
peach /piːtʃ/ Adverbs: perfectly
ADJECTIVE
NOUN [C or U] SUITABLE
a round fruit with sweet yellow flesh that has a lot of juice, exactly right for someone or something
a slightly furry red and yellow skin and a large seed in its Dictionary examples:
centre You'd be perfect for the job.
Dictionary example: The weather's just perfect for a picnic.
Would you like peaches and cream for dessert? Learner example:
Learner example: The weather was perfect for the cycling holiday.
I enjoy eating cool summer fruit, such as melon, water-
melon, peaches and apricots. perfectly /ˈpɜː.fɪkt.li/

peak /piːk/ Word family:

Adjectives: perfect, imperfect
NOUN [C] Adverbs: perfectly
MOUNTAIN TOP ADVERB
the top of a mountain, or the mountain itself WITHOUT FAULT
Dictionary examples: in a perfect way
snow-covered peaks Dictionary examples:
It is one of the most difficult peaks to climb. The jacket fits perfectly, the skirt not so well.
Learner example: They're perfectly suited.
You can walk or ride a horse to reach the peak. Learner example:
I think black is your colour and they'll fit you perfectly!
peanut /ˈpiː.nʌt/
perform /pəˈfɔːm/
NOUN [C]
an oval-shaped nut with a thin brown shell Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: performance, performer
peanut oil Verbs: perform
salted/dry-roast(ed) peanuts VERB
Learner example: ENTERTAIN
I went to the supermarket where I bought some peanuts, [I or T] to entertain people by acting, dancing, singing,
cheese dip and a bottle [of] soda. playing music, etc.
Dictionary examples:
pedestrian /pəˈdes.triː.ən/ She composes and performs her own music.
A major Hollywood star will be performing on stage tonight.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
a person who is walking and not travelling in a vehicle Later a band performs and everybody starts to dance and
Dictionary examples: sing.
a pedestrian crossing
Many streets are reserved for cyclists and pedestrians. performance /pəˈfɔː.mənts/
Learner example:
There aren't cars in the city, because the roads are only for Word family:
pedestrians. Nouns: performance, performer
Verbs: perform
penguin /ˈpeŋ.gwɪn/ NOUN
ENTERTAINMENT
NOUN [C] [C] acting, dancing, singing, or playing music to entertain
a large, black and white sea bird that swims and cannot fly people
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
A row of penguins stood at the water's edge. a performance of Arthur Miller's play, 'The Crucible'
Learner example: She gave a superb performance as Lady Macbeth.
It's wonderful, you can see the whales swimming in the sea, Learner example:
the sea [lions] lying on the beach and the penguins. I was sure that the legendary instrument that the great
player used during his performances had to be very big, as
penny /ˈpen.i/ (PLURAL pence or p) the box is.

NOUN [C] performer /pəˈfɔː.mər/

a coin or unit of money with a value of one hundredth of a
pound Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: performance, performer
Could you lend me 50 pence/50p? Verbs: perform
I found a ten/twenty/fifty pence piece on the ground. NOUN [C]
Learner example: someone who entertains people by acting, singing, dancing
It was [a] two penny coin. or playing music
Dictionary example:
pepper /ˈpep.ər/ He's a brilliant performer.
Learner example:
NOUN We are going to watch "Bodygu[a]rd", which has so many
VEGETABLE famous performers.
[C] a hollow green, red or yellow vegetable
Dictionary example: period /ˈpɪə.ri.əd/
red peppers
Learner example: NOUN [C]
I eat every [kind] of vegetable - carrots, green peppers... TIME
a length of time
percent (ALSO per cent) /pəˈsent/ Dictionary examples:

122
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Her work means that she spends long periods away from a personal computer/stereo
home. a personal loan
Unemployment in the first half of the year was 2% lower Learner example:
than in the same period last year. The activity that I like best is to surf the Web with a
The study will be carried out over a six-month period. powerful personal computer.
The house was built during the Elizabethan period. PRIVATE
Learner example: relating to the private parts of someone's life, including
Hi Jo, I've seen a restaurant [is] looking for a waitress their relationships or feelings
during the period from June to August. Dictionary examples:
SCHOOL He has a few personal problems at the moment.
in school, a division of time in the day when a subject is Do you mind if I ask you a personal question?
taught His resignation was apparently for personal rather than
Dictionary example: professional reasons.
We have six periods of science a week. We know very little about his personal life.
Learner example: Learner example:
After the period, when the bell rang, I stayed in the class I wanted to see him and talk to him about some personal
[to] ask some questions and my new teacher gave me problems.
some explanations.
personally /ˈpɜː.sən.əl.i/
permanent /ˈpɜː.mə.nənt/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: person, personality
Adjectives: permanent Adjectives: personal, impersonal
Adverbs: permanently Adverbs: personally
ADJECTIVE ADVERB
lasting or continuing for a long time or forever OPINION
Dictionary examples: used when you give your opinion
She is looking for a permanent place to stay. Dictionary example:
Are you looking for a temporary or a permanent job? Personally (speaking), I think the show is going to be a
The disease can cause permanent damage to the brain. great success.
Learner example: Learner example:
I am a permanent member of [the] Fear factor club. Personally, I really like green spag[h]etti.

permission /pəˈmɪʃ.ən/ persuade /pəˈsweɪd/

Word family: Word family:

Nouns: permission Nouns: persuasion
Verbs: permit Verbs: persuade
NOUN [U] Adjectives: persuasive
when you allow someone to do something VERB [T]
Dictionary examples: MAKE SOMEONE AGREE
She gave him permission immediately. to make someone agree to do something by talking to them
They even have to ask for permission before they go to the a lot about it
toilet. Dictionary examples:
Official permission has been granted for more building If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will persuade
near the river. her.
The authorities have refused permission for the I persuaded her (that) it was the right thing to do.
demonstration to take place. He is trying to persuade local and foreign businesses to
Planning permission was refused for the hypermarket after invest in the project.
a three-week inquiry. Using a bunch of bananas, the zoo-keeper persuaded the
Learner example: monkey back into its cage.
My parents didn't give me permission to go but I really Learner example:
wanted to. I had to persuade them to let me go and make enquiries.

permit /pəˈmɪt/ pharmacy /ˈfɑː.mə.si/

Word family: Word family:

Nouns: permission Nouns: pharmacist, pharmacy
Verbs: permit NOUN [C]
VERB FORMAL SLIGHTLY (-tt-) a shop or part of a shop that prepares and sells medicines
[T] to allow something Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: You could try a hayfever remedy from the pharmacy.
Photography is not permitted inside the museum. Learner example:
The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month. Sometimes such a situation could happen when you need
The security system will not permit you to enter without some food or something [from the] pharmacy.
the correct password.
Learner example: photocopy /ˈfəʊ.təʊˌkɒpi/
My parents permitted me to go!
NOUN [C]
personal /ˈpɜː.sən.əl/ a copy of a document made with a machine which produces
copies of documents using light and electricity
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: person, personality I made several photocopies of my CV and sent them to
Adjectives: personal, impersonal different companies.
Adverbs: personally Learner example:
ADJECTIVE As far as my level of English is concerned, I have obtained
RELATING TO A PERSON my Cambridge Examination and I enclose a photocopy of
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] relating to or belonging to a the certificate.
particular person phrasal verb /ˌfreɪ.zəlˈvɜːb/
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
I can only speak from my personal experience. a phrase which consists of a verb in combination with a
This is a personal opinion/view and not that of the preposition or adverb or both, which has a different
government. meaning from the meaning of its separate parts
Passengers are reminded to take all their personal Dictionary example:
belongings with them when they leave the plane. 'Look after', 'work out' and 'make up for' are all phrasal
Learner example: verbs.
The only personal belongings he took was a black leather Learner example:
suitcase. At my first lesson, we talked together about our past
FOR ONE PERSON experiences and we learnt some phrasal verbs too (which
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] designed for or used by one we really hate!)
person
Dictionary examples: phrase /freɪz/

123
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Don't forget your pills for your allergy.

NOUN [C]
a group of words that are used together, and which often pin /pɪn/
have a particular
meaning NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: a small, thin piece of metal with a sharp point used for
Here are some phrases that may be useful in your essays. temporarily holding pieces of cloth together
Learner example: Dictionary example:
[A] man dressed in black would ask me: "How many apples I'll keep the trouser patch in place with pins while I sew it
are there in the bedroom?" [and] I on.
should answer with a scratch [o]n the nose and the phrase: VERB [T] (-nn-)
"Three and seven quarters sir." to fasten something with a pin
Dictionary example:
pick /pɪk/ We're not allowed to pin anything to/(up) on the walls.
Learner example:
VERB [T] Secondly, we need a big board. Everybody could pin
CHOOSE information on it, [for example] the timetable, the menu for
to choose something or someone the canteen, or information about special events in and
Dictionary examples: around the school.
Pick a card from the pack.
She was picked for the Olympic team. pineapple /ˈpaɪn.æp.l̩/
She was picked to play for the team.
Learner example: NOUN [C or U]
[I]n this restaurant, the[re] are all types of pizza [o]n a a large fruit with thick skin and sharp leaves sticking out of
table and you can pick any pizza you want. the top which is sweet and yellow inside
FLOWERS/FRUIT Dictionary examples:
If you pick flowers or fruit, you take them off a plant or tree. pineapple juice
Dictionary examples: We ate some slices of pineapple.
They were picking strawberries for twelve hours a day. Learner example:
I picked some apples this morning. [There is] some special fruit [here], like durian, pineapple,
Learner example: banana and so on.
Two weeks is quite a long time so I am planning to go
cycling [i]n the mountains, gather acorns, pick flowers, go pipe /paɪp/
hiking and watch the sun set.
NOUN [C]
picture /ˈpɪk.tʃər/ a long tube inside which liquid or gas can move through
Dictionary examples:
Word family: a water/gas pipe
Nouns: picture a burst/broken/leaking pipe
Adjectives: picturesque Learner example:
NOUN A good surprise w[ould] be [if] you told Anna you need her
FILM to help to fix the pipe in our house.
[C] a film
Dictionary example: pirate /ˈpaɪə.rət/
Could this be the first animated film to win a best picture
award? NOUN [C]
Learner example: someone who attacks ships and steals from them
Now I can buy the DVD "Star Trek - The Motion Picture". Dictionary example:
pie /paɪ/ The pirates held the ship's captain prisoner and demanded
NOUN [C or U] money for his release.
a type of food made with meat, vegetables, or fruit covered Learner example:
in pastry and baked I'm crazy about pirates since I watched "Pirates of the
Dictionary examples: Caribbean".
Would you like some more apple pie?
a chicken and mushroom pie place /pleɪs/
Learner example:
I like apple pie and ice cream as [a] dessert. Word family:
Nouns: place, replacement, displacement
piece /piːs/ Verbs: place, replace, displace, misplace
NOUN
NOUN [C] SEAT
SINGLE AMOUNT [C] the seat where you sit in a theatre, a class, a train, etc.
a single amount of a particular type of thing Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: The children collected their prizes and then went back to
I have an interesting piece of information/news for you. their places.
She gave me a very useful piece of advice. Could you save me a place near the stage?
Learner example: Learner example:
You can visit the churches, the ancient bu[i]ldings, and We looked for a place to sit and found one.
some other interesting places. That's my piece of advice. OPPORTUNITY
[C] an opportunity to study at a college, to join a team, etc.
pile /paɪl/ Dictionary examples:
She's got a place at university.
NOUN [C] She's got a place on on a fine-arts course.
HEAP Learner example:
objects positioned one on top of another I felt it was my chance so on Monday I ran to the club.
Dictionary examples: [T]here were only 3 places [left], [and] I will begin next
a large pile of sand Saturday.
a pile of books take place
The clothes were arranged in piles on the floor. to happen
Learner example: Dictionary example:
It was like finding a needle in a pile of straw. The concert takes place next Thursday.
Learner example:
pill /pɪl/ A dance night will take place in the club soon.
in first/second/third, etc. place
NOUN [C] If you are in first/second/third, etc. place in a race or
a small, hard piece of medicine that you swallow competition, that is your position.
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
a sleeping pill He finished in fifth place.
a vitamin pill Learner example:
My mother takes three or four pills a day. To achieve first place, I have put a lot of effort [into] a
Jamie's always had trouble swallowing pills. project about the consequences of the use of plastic bags.
Learner example:

124
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

plain /pleɪn/ ADVERB

in a pleasant way
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
SIMPLE They treated me pleasantly enough.
simple and not complicated Jacqui was pleasantly surprised to get a B for history.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
a plain style of architecture I was really pleasantly surprised that you're going to spend
He prefers plain food - nothing too fancy. your summer holiday in Slovakia.
Learner example:
I like wearing plain cloth[e]s. please /pliːz/
NOT MIXED
not mixed with other colours, substances, etc. Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: pleasure
plain yoghurt Verbs: please
For the living room, we've chosen a plain carpet and Adjectives: pleasant, pleased, unpleasant, pleasurable
patterned curtains. Adverbs: pleasantly
Learner example: VERB [I or T]
The wall didn't have any patterns, nothing but plain light MAKE HAPPY
blue. So I've decided to buy some pictures to put on it. to make someone feel happy
Dictionary examples:
plan /plæn/ I only got married to please my parents.
He was always a good boy, very friendly and eager to
Word family: please.
Nouns: plan, planning Learner example:
Verbs: plan Considering her loneliness, we made every effort to please
VERB (-nn-) her and to encourage her, because she was loved by
DECIDE everybody for her gentle, kind and lovely character.
[I or T] to think about and decide what you are going to do
or how you are going to do something pleasure /ˈpleʒ.ər/
Dictionary examples:
She helped them to plan their route. Word family:
If we plan carefully, we should be able to stay within our Nouns: pleasure
budget. Verbs: please
She's already planning how to spend her prize money. Adjectives: pleasant, pleased, unpleasant, pleasurable
Learner example: Adverbs: pleasantly
Dear Dan, I have planned a wonderful night for us. NOUN
FEELING
planet /ˈplæn.ɪt/ [U] a feeling of happiness or enjoyment
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] His visits gave his grandparents such pleasure.
a large, round object in space that moves around the sun or Why do so many boys take pleasure in killing insects?
another star Learner example:
Dictionary examples: It gave me a lot of pleasure.
the planet Earth/Venus EXPERIENCE
Might there be intelligent life on other planets? [C] an enjoyable activity or experience
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
It's about the planet Mars, because I'm very interested [in] It was such a pleasure to meet you.
space. He wrote an article on the pleasures and pains of camping.
Reading is one of my few pleasures.
plant /plɑːnt/ Learner example:
It would be a pleasure to have you here in Mexico during
VERB [T] your holiday.
TREES/FLOWERS, ETC.
to put a plant into the ground or into a container of earth so plenty /ˈplen.ti/
that it will grow
Dictionary examples: PRONOUN
We planted trees and bushes in our new garden. (the state of having) enough or more than enough, or a
Hyacinth bulbs planted in pots now will flower early in the large amount
spring. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: "Would you like some more coffee?" "No thanks, I've had
The house is beside a small lake and surround[ed] by all plenty."
sorts of different flowers my aunty had planted. We've got plenty of time before we need to leave for the
airport.
play /pleɪ/ They've always had plenty of money.
There's plenty to do here.
Word family: There's plenty more beer in the fridge.
Nouns: play, player Learner example:
Verbs: play She's going to stay 3 weeks so we'll have plenty of time to
VERB talk about our life, dreams, etc.
ACT
[T] to be a particular character in a film or play plug /plʌg/
Dictionary example:
In the film version, Branagh played the part of the father. NOUN [C]
Learner example: ELECTRICAL OBJECT
The main actor played the part of John, a poor man that a plastic or rubber object with metal pins, used to connect
becomes rich. electrical equipment to an electricity supply
COMPETE Dictionary examples:
[I or T] to compete against a person or team in a game a three-pin/two-pin plug
Dictionary examples: to fit/change a plug
Who are Aston Villa playing next week? If a plug is wired incorrectly, it can be dangerous.
Arsenal are playing against Newcastle in the next round. Learner example:
Learner example: We had to check eve[r]y plug, switch, lights.
Arsenal played against Everton and Arsenal won the game HOLE
3[-]1. something you put in a hole to block it
Dictionary example:
pleasantly /ˈplez.ənt.li/ a bath plug

Word family: plus /plʌs/

Nouns: pleasure
Verbs: please CONJUNCTION
Adjectives: pleasant, pleased, unpleasant, pleasurable and also
Adverbs: pleasantly Dictionary example:

125
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Let's not go on holiday in August - it'll be too hot - plus it'll With 3 games still to play, Manchester United are 5 points
be more expensive. ahead.
Learner example: Learner example:
I would be more than pleased to receive you at home. We We were losing [by] 1 point, I ca[ught] the ball and tried to
could have a lot of fun, plus, you won't have to pay a thing! throw it to my partner but...
VERB
pocket /ˈpɒk.ɪt/ AIM
[T] to hold something so that it faces towards someone or
NOUN [C] something
IN BAG Dictionary example:
a container which is sewn into or onto a bag or fixed to a He said that the man had pointed a knife at him.
seat or door in a vehicle Learner example:
Dictionary examples: As he got closer, one of the group's members, Paul, pointed
Sarah put her maps in the inside/outside pocket of her a rifle at him.
rucksack. DIRECTION
The safety instructions are in the pocket of the seat in front [I] If something points in a particular direction, it is turned
of you. towards that direction.
Dictionary examples:
pocket money /ˈpɒk.ɪtˌmʌn.i/ The road sign points left.
There was an arrow pointing to the door.
NOUN [U]
an amount of money given regularly to children by their politely /pəˈlaɪt.li/
parents
Dictionary example: Word family:
How much pocket money do you get each week? Nouns: politeness
Learner example: Adjectives: impolite, polite
How much pocket money do you get? Adverbs: politely
ADVERB
poem /ˈpəʊ.ɪm/ in a polite way
Dictionary example:
Word family: He thanked them politely.
Nouns: poem, poet, poetry Learner example:
Adjectives: poetic I tried to control myself and started to speak politely and in
NOUN [C] a friendly way.
a piece of writing, especially one which has short lines and
uses words that sound similar political /pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/
Dictionary example:
a book of love poems Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: politician, politics
This m[y]sterious man used to write a lot of letters and Adjectives: political
poems to my grandmother. ADJECTIVE
relating to politics
poet /ˈpəʊ.ɪt/ Dictionary examples:
political leaders/parties
Word family: Education is back at the top of the political agenda.
Nouns: poem, poet, poetry Learner example:
Adjectives: poetic I'm very interested in Italian political life, and I want to get
NOUN [C] news [all the] time.
someone who writes poems
Dictionary example: politician /ˌpɒl.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən/
Rimbaud was a nineteenth-century French poet.
Learner example: Word family:
Everyone [in] my group knows that I'm quite [a] good poet, Nouns: politician, politics
so Peter asked me to read some of my poems. Adjectives: political
NOUN [C]
poetry /ˈpəʊ.ɪ.tri/ someone who works in politics, especially a member of the
government
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: poem, poet, poetry Churchill was a distinguished politician.
Adjectives: poetic Learner example:
NOUN [U] It was now the third month [since] the gangster had
poems in general as a form of literature kidnapped her, because of her being the daughter of an
Dictionary examples: important politician.
modern poetry
I enjoy all kinds of poetry, especially love poetry. politics /ˈpɒl.ə.tɪks/
She started writing poetry at a young age.
Learner example: Word family:
My town hall organi[z]ed a poetry compet[i]tion. Nouns: politician, politics
Adjectives: political
point /pɔɪnt/ NOUN [U]
ideas and activities relating to how a country or area is
Word family: governed
Nouns: point Dictionary examples:
Verbs: point He has little interest in local politics.
Adjectives: pointless She's planning to retire from politics next year.
NOUN Learner example:
IDEA But I'm very interested in politics, so I really enjoy political
[C] an idea, opinion, or fact which someone says or writes [programmes] and chat shows.
Dictionary examples:
I'd like to discuss the first point in your essay. pollution /pəˈluː.ʃən/
He explained his point by drawing a diagram.
Could I make a point about noise levels? Word family:
I take your point about cycling, but I still prefer to walk. Nouns: pollution
Learner example: Verbs: pollute
Tomorrow I have another class exactly at the time of your NOUN [U]
class. I can't miss that class because it's a physics class. I damage caused to water, air, etc. by harmful substances or
know I may miss many important points but I promise you [I waste
will] get the best mark (result) in the next exam. Dictionary examples:
SPORT air/water pollution
[C] a unit used for showing who is winning in a game or The book shows simple things you can do to reduce
competition pollution from your car.
Dictionary example:

126
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

The manifesto includes tough measures to tackle road Dictionary example:

congestion and environmental pollution. I didn't know you played hockey - what position do you
Learner example: play?
There is less pollution than in the city and [it] is qui[e]ter Learner example:
too. It's a basketball club and all those guys in the club are
much bigger than me. At first we talked to each other
pool /puːl/ [about] which position we had to play.

NOUN positive /ˈpɒz.ə.tɪv/

GAME
[U] a game in which two people use long, thin sticks to hit Word family:
coloured balls into holes around the edge of a table Adjectives: positive
Dictionary example: Adverbs: positively
We played pool all evening. ADJECTIVE
Learner example: HAPPY
I had a pool table in my bedroom and I had a lot of feeling enthusiastic and happy about your life and your
videogames. future
Dictionary examples:
population /ˌpɒp.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ a positive attitude
I'm feeling much more positive about things now.
Word family: We've shown people samples of the product and had a very
Nouns: population positive reaction/response.
Verbs: populate Learner example:
NOUN She is lovely and she [is] always positive.
NUMBER
[C or U] the number of people living in a particular area possessive /pəˈzes.ɪv/
Dictionary examples:
a growing/shrinking population Word family:
What's the population of Brazil? Nouns: possession
Learner example: Verbs: possess
With a population [of] about 800 people, that town really Adjectives: possessive
surprised me! ADJECTIVE
GRAMMAR
pork /pɔːk/ in grammar, a possessive word or form of a word shows
who or what something
NOUN [U] belongs to
! meat from a pig Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: 'Mine' and 'yours' are possessive pronouns.
a pork chop
pork sausages possibility /ˌpɒs.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/
Learner example:
We ordered pork chops, boiled potatoes, [and] greens. Word family:
Nouns: possibility, impossibility
port /pɔːt/ Adjectives: impossible, possible
Adverbs: possibly
NOUN [C or U] NOUN
a town by the sea or by a river which has a harbour, or the MAY HAPPEN/BE TRUE
harbour itself [C or U] a chance that something may happen or be true
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a fishing/container port The forecast said that there's a possibility of snow tonight.
the Belgian port of Zeebrugge Is there any possibility (that) you could pick me up from
We had a good view of all the ships coming into/leaving the station?
port. There is a strong possibility that she was lying.
Learner example: Learner example:
The name is very interesting because the hotel is near the Then I remembered I had tried [on] some rings one hour
port. before in a shop in the centre of the city. Maybe I had taken
it off while I was trying them. It was a possibility!
position /pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
possible /ˈpɒs.ə.bl̩/
NOUN
SITUATION Word family:
[C USUALLY NO PLURAL] the situation that someone is in Nouns: possibility, impossibility
Dictionary example: Adjectives: impossible, possible
In your position, I would probably resign. Adverbs: possibly
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
She knows the person that owns the club, who decided to NOT CERTAIN
organize a private party for her 18th birthday. I wish [I was] If something is possible, it might or might not exist or be
in her position. true.
PLACE Dictionary examples:
[C] the place where something or someone is, often in It's possible (that) Mira might turn up tonight.
relation to other things "Do you think he'll end up in prison?" "It's very possible."
Dictionary examples: That's one possible solution to the problem.
I've found our position on the map. Learner example:
You've moved the furniture around - the sofa is in a I investigate the most urgent environmental problems in
different position. our world, and then I [suggest] possible solutions to them.
Learner example:
I like [this restaurant] because of [its] position, the old possibly /ˈpɒs.ə.bli/
town, and most of all because the owner is a friend of mine
so that the bill is not too expensive for me! Word family:
SITTING/STANDING Nouns: possibility, impossibility
[C or U] the way someone is sitting, standing, or lying, or if Adjectives: impossible, possible
something is pointing up or down, etc. Adverbs: possibly
Dictionary examples: ADVERB
a kneeling position QUESTIONS
I go to sleep on my back but I always wake up in a different used in polite questions
position. Dictionary example:
Keep the bottles in an upright position. Could I possibly borrow your computer?
Learner example: Learner example:
Four hundred kms in that [un]comfortable position was Could you possibly lend me your bike for one day?
terrible for us.
SPORT post /pəʊst/
[C] the part that someone plays in a game such as football

127
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Word family: Turn off the power at the main switch.

Nouns: post Learner example:
Verbs: post From my parents, I found out that there was a power
Adjectives: postal failure.
VERB [T]
WEBSITE powerful /ˈpaʊə.fəl/
to leave a message on a website
Dictionary example: Word family:
I posted a query about a Chilean novelist. Nouns: power
Adjectives: powerful
postman /ˈpəʊst.mən/ Adverbs: powerfully
ADJECTIVE
NOUN [C] CONTROL
someone whose job is to deliver and collect letters and A powerful person is able to control and influence people
parcels that are sent by post and events.
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
Our postman delivers everything in the morning. a powerful man/woman
Learner example: Learner example:
I think a postman brought it. The man worked for a really powerful man, doing the 'dirty
work', but, deep inside [he] was a really good person with a
postpone /pəʊstˈpəʊn/ sad childhood.
STRENGTH
VERB [T] having a lot of strength or force
to arrange for something to happen at a later time Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: a powerful computer/engine/weapon
They decided to postpone their holiday until next year. Learner example:
We've had to postpone going to France because the The activity that I like best is surf[ing] the Web with a
children are ill. powerful personal computer.
Learner example:
I'm doing an experiment tomorrow which I can't postpone. prayer /preər/

pot /pɒt/ Word family:

Nouns: prayer
NOUN [C] Verbs: pray
a round container, usually used for storing things or for NOUN [C]
cooking ! the words you say to a god
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a pot of face cream/jam/paint a prayer of thanks
a flower pot She always says her prayers before she goes to sleep.
There's plenty of cupboard space in the kitchen for all your We thought he'd been killed, but our prayers were
pots and pans. answered when he arrived home safely.
Fill a large pot with salted water and bring it to the boil. Learner example:
Learner example: I am stopping this letter with lots of love and prayers.
By the right window there is [a] green plant in [a] pot.
predict /prɪˈdɪkt/
pour /pɔːr/
Word family:
VERB Nouns: prediction
LIQUID Verbs: predict
[T] to make a liquid flow from or into a container Adjectives: predictable, unpredictable
Dictionary examples: VERB [T]
I poured the milk into a jug. to say that an event or action will happen in the future,
Can I pour you a drink? especially as a result of knowledge or experience
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
The look on his face stopped me cold, as if someone had It's still not possible to predict the occurrence of
just poured a freezing bucket [of water] down my back. earthquakes accurately.
RAIN Who could have predicted that within ten years he'd be in
[I] to rain a lot charge of the whole company?
Dictionary example: The hurricane is predicted to reach the coast tomorrow
We can't go out in this weather - it's pouring! morning.
Learner example: No one can predict when/where the disease will strike
I real[l]y enjoy shopping, special[l]y in winter time whe[n] next.
the rain is pouring down. Learner example:
Now, fully equipped and powerful computers can be so
powder /ˈpaʊ.dər/ small and mobile that some specialists predict that new
devices will replace book[s].
NOUN [C or U]
a dry substance made of many small, loose grains pregnant /ˈpreg.nənt/
Dictionary examples:
curry/chilli powder Word family:
A packet of white powder was found and police scientists Nouns: pregnancy
are analysing it. Adjectives: pregnant
Why are there so many adverts for washing powders on ADJECTIVE
TV? A pregnant woman has a baby developing inside her uterus.
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
At last I found a box. I put the wasted coffee powder into it to get pregnant
and went back to the coffee machine. She's five and a half months pregnant.
My mother stopped smoking when she became pregnant.
My sister is pregnant with twins.
power /paʊər/ Learner example:
She wrote me [the] really nice news that she is pregnant.
Word family:
Nouns: power preparation /ˌprep.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/
Adjectives: powerful
Adverbs: powerfully Word family:
NOUN Nouns: preparation
ELECTRICITY Verbs: prepare
[U] energy, usually electricity, that is used to provide light, Adjectives: prepared
heat, etc. NOUN
Dictionary examples: GETTING READY
power cables/lines [U] the things that you do or the time that you spend
nuclear power preparing for something

128
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:

The teacher didn't seem to have done much preparation At present she's working abroad.
for the class. Learner example:
The team blamed injuries and lack of preparation for their Firstly, I have to tell you that at present, I am studying
failure to win. journalism and I have a good knowledge of computers.
Yasmin assisted in the preparation of this article. ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN] /ˈprez.ənt/
Learner example: in a particular place
I felt that I improved a lot just in this class, so I think that Dictionary examples:
my preparation for the exam will be really good. The whole family was present.
There were no children present.
prepare /prəˈpeər/ Learner example:
I'm sorry, tomorrow I can't be present at [your] English
Word family: class.
Nouns: preparation
Verbs: prepare presentation /ˌprez.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/
Adjectives: prepared
VERB [I or T] Word family:
prepare yourself Nouns: present, presentation, presenter
to make yourself ready to deal with a difficult situation Verbs: present
Dictionary examples: NOUN
Prepare yourself for a shock. EVENT
You should prepare yourself for a long wait. [C] a talk giving information about something
Learner example: Dictionary example:
So we bought tickets and prepared ourselves for a difficult The speaker gave an interesting presentation on urban
[journey]. transport.
Learner example:
prepared /prəˈpeəd/ I'm going to prepare a presentation about London.

Word family: president /ˈprez.ɪ.dənt/

Nouns: preparation
Verbs: prepare Word family:
Adjectives: prepared Nouns: presidency, president
ADJECTIVE Adjectives: presidential
READY NOUN [C]
ready to deal with a situation the highest political position in some countries, usually the
Dictionary examples: leader of the
When she called on me, I wasn't prepared. government
They were prepared for the worst. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: President Obama
I want to be well prepared for my first [trip] to England. the President of France
Thank you, Mr/Madam President.
preposition /ˌprep.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ Learner example:
[An]other attraction is our museum that is very famous
NOUN [C] because many paintings have been bought by important
in grammar, a word which is used before a noun, a noun pe[ople] like the President of the United States.
phrase or a pronoun, connecting it to another word
Dictionary example: press /pres/
In the sentences 'We jumped in the lake', and 'She drove
slowly down the track', 'in' and 'down' are prepositions. VERB
Learner example: PUSH
In my 1st lesson I learned about prepositions, and I think [I or T] to push something firmly, often without causing it
I'm going to continue the class next week to move permanently
. further away from you
prescription /prɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/ Dictionary examples:
Press the button to start the machine.
Word family: He pressed his face against the window.
Nouns: prescription Press down firmly on the lever.
Verbs: prescribe Learner example:
NOUN When you press it, it will say: "Congratulations" to you.
[C] a piece of paper on which a doctor writes the details of
the medicine or drugs that someone needs pretty /ˈprɪt.i/
Dictionary examples:
a doctor's prescription ADJECTIVE
a prescription for sleeping pills PLACE/OBJECT
The doctor should give you a repeat prescription. If a place or an object is pretty, it is pleasant to look at.
These drugs are only available on prescription. Dictionary examples:
Prescription charges are rising in June. That's a pretty hat you're wearing.
Learner example: a pretty little village
I won't be able to attend the English class tomorrow. But Learner example:
please, do excuse my presence by taking a moment to read Rabat is the capital of Morocco. There [are] a lot of
the medical prescription that I've attached [to] this note. attractions, like ancient historic sites, sandy
beaches, [and a] pretty Moroccan market.
present /ˈprez.ənt/ ADVERB INFORMAL
QUITE
Word family: quite, but not extremely or not completely
Nouns: presence, present Dictionary examples:
Verbs: present The house has four bedrooms, so it's pretty big.
Adjectives: present I'm pretty sure it was her.
Adverbs: presently I've got a pretty good idea of how to get there.
NOUN Learner example:
the present The best thing about our club is the table tennis, which I'm
the period of time that is happening now getting pretty good at.
Dictionary examples:
That's all for the present. prevent /prɪˈvent/
The play is set in the present.
Learner example: Word family:
For me, an idea[l] programme would be one that could Nouns: prevention
include all kind[s] of music (from rock, pop to soul, hip hop Verbs: prevent
or dance), and a programme that could play music from all Adjectives: preventive
times, from the past to the present. VERB [T]
at present to stop something from happening or someone from doing
now something

129
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples:
to prevent accidents/crime Word family:
Members of the public were prevented from entering the Nouns: prison, prisoner, imprisonment
building. Verbs: imprison
Learner example: NOUN [C or U]
As I told you once, I'd like to buy a bookshelf where I can a building where criminals must live as a punishment
organize my books and prevent them Dictionary examples:
from getting damaged. He's spent a lot of time in prison.
She went to/was sent to prison for six months.
previous /ˈpriː.vi.əs/ They should put him in prison and throw away the key!
a prison cell/sentence
Word family: Learner example:
Adjectives: previous About 3 weeks later, I tried to escape from the prison, but
Adverbs: previously they c[aught] me.
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN]
existing or happening before something or someone else prisoner /ˈprɪz.ən.ər/
Dictionary examples:
the previous day/week/month/year Word family:
a previous attempt Nouns: prison, prisoner, imprisonment
Learner example: Verbs: imprison
I felt my previous class was not suitable for me any longer, NOUN [C]
[so] I decided to [ask] the administrator to help me to PERSON IN PRISON
change [to] a higher class. a person who is kept in prison as a punishment
Dictionary example:
previously /ˈpriː.vi.ə.sli/ Prisoners climbed onto the prison roof to protest at the
conditions inside.
Word family: Learner example:
Adjectives: previous This film dealt with two prisoners that escape from their
Adverbs: previously prison and start to take money from banks (of course not
ADVERB legally!)
before the present time or the time referred to
Dictionary examples: private /ˈpraɪ.vət/
She was previously employed as a tour guide.
I had posted the card two months previously. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: privacy
Well, first of all I must tell you that I didn't know it Verbs: privatize
previously. Adjectives: private
Adverbs: privately
priest /priːst/ ADJECTIVE
NOT EVERYONE
NOUN [C] only for one person or group and not for everyone
! someone who performs religious duties and ceremonies Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: She has a small office which is used for private discussions.
a Roman Catholic priest I caught him looking through my private papers.
Many in the Anglican Church are still opposed to women The sign on the gate said 'Private Property - No
priests. Admittance.'
Learner example: Learner example:
I started to read one of the emails and I couldn't believe I went there to see what's going on, and the band invited us
what I was reading. One of my best friends had become a to their private party.
priest! SECRET
describes activities which involve personal matters or
primary school /ˈpraɪ.mə.riˌskuːl/ relationships and are not connected with your work
Dictionary example:
NOUN [C] Apparently in interviews he refuses to talk about his private
a school for children aged 5-11 life.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
My daughter is still at primary school. We talked about the film and also about our work and our
Learner example: private life.
We sat at a cafe and talked about our primary school.
produce /prəˈdjuːs/
prince /prɪnts/
Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: producer, product, production, productivity,
the son of a king or queen, or one of their close male reproduction
relatives Verbs: produce, reproduce
Dictionary example: Adjectives: productive, unproductive
Prince Edward VERB [T]
Learner example: MAKE
At last, the beast really changed back into a prince. to make or grow something
Dictionary examples:
princess /prɪnˈses/ The factory produces about 900 cars a year.
She works for a company that produces electrical goods.
NOUN [C] This plant will produce small yellow flowers in the spring.
the daughter of a king or queen, or one of their close She's asked me to produce a report on the state of the
female relatives, or the wife of a prince project.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
He was married to a Spanish princess. In this club we produce and design the school magazine
Learner example: "Freestyle."
My teacher told me that I have to wear a dress like a
princess. product /ˈprɒd.ʌkt/

principal /ˈprɪnt.sɪ.pəl/ Word family:

Nouns: producer, product, production, productivity,
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] reproduction
main, or most important Verbs: produce, reproduce
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: productive, unproductive
That was my principal reason for moving. NOUN [C]
He was principal dancer at the Dance Theatre of Harlem. something that is made or grown to be sold
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
This is its principal advantage. They do a range of skin-care products.
The product is so good it sells itself.
prison /ˈprɪz.ən/ I'm trying to cut down on dairy products.

130
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: "I'll come round and see you every day," she promised.
You can buy leather products too. Learner example:
I promise that I will cover the work that you've done in class
profession /prəˈfeʃ.ən/ and I will send [it] to you the day after.
GIVE
Word family: [T] to say that you will certainly give something to
Nouns: profession, professional someone
Adjectives: professional, unprofessional Dictionary examples:
NOUN They promised us a reward.
WORK Grandma's ring was promised to me.
[C] a type of work that needs special training or education Her parents promised her a new car if she passed her
Dictionary examples: exams.
What's your profession? Learner example:
He's a doctor by profession. And as a good friend, he has promised me a[n] invitation to
The report notes that forty per cent of lawyers entering [the] wedding.
the profession are women. NOUN [C]
Learner example: SAY
As I look back at my past, [the] most embarrassing when you say that you will certainly do something
moments in my life seem to have something to do with my Dictionary examples:
profession, which is an interpreter from Hungarian. I'll tidy my things away tonight - and that's a promise!
I'm not sure I can do it so I won't make any promises.
professional /prəˈfeʃ.ən.əl/ Learner example:
Don't forget your promise to not just visit but stay at my
Word family: place.
Nouns: profession, professional
Adjectives: professional, unprofessional promote /prəˈməʊt/
ADJECTIVE
EARNING MONEY Word family:
Someone is professional if they earn money for a sport or Nouns: promotion
activity which most Verbs: promote
people do as a hobby. VERB [T]
Dictionary example: JOB
a professional footballer/athlete/musician [OFTEN PASSIVE] to give someone a more important job
Learner example: in the same organization
For example, I met a boy last week and at the end he told Dictionary examples:
me that h[is] father is a professional football player. If I'm not promoted within the next two years, I'm going to
SKILL change jobs.
showing skill and careful attention She's just been promoted to senior sales rep.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
a professional attitude She invited me to a party because her husband had been
He looks very professional in that suit. promoted in his job.
Learner example:
My teacher is English, her name is Bronye, she's very pronoun /ˈprəʊ.naʊn/
professional, and nice.
NOUN [C]
professor /prəˈfes.ər/ a word which is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] Pronouns are often used to refer to a noun that has already
a teacher of the highest rank in a department of a British been mentioned.
university, or a teacher of 'She', 'it' and 'who' are all examples of pronouns.
high rank in an American university or college
Dictionary examples: pronounce /prəˈnaʊnts/
Professor Stephen Hawking
a professor of sociology Word family:
a sociology professor Nouns: pronunciation
Learner example: Verbs: pronounce
To put it in a nutshel[l] I was astonished [at] how they VERB [T]
weren't able to get on using that assortment of high ranked to make the sound of a letter or word
university professors of social science, and were requiring Dictionary examples:
my help. How do you pronounce your surname?
She pronounced his name so badly he didn't even recognise
progress /ˈprəʊ.gres/ it.
Sade, pronounced shah-day, is a singer.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: progress, progression During the lesson many foreign students discover how to
Verbs: progress pronounce words in English.
Adjectives: progressive
NOUN [U] pronunciation /prəˌnʌnt.siˈeɪ.ʃən/
IMPROVEMENT
development and improvement of skills, knowledge, etc. Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: pronunciation
Technological progress has been so rapid over the last Verbs: pronounce
few years. NOUN [C or U]
I'm not making much progress with my Spanish. how words are pronounced
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I will check new words, the[ir] meanings and Mario's English pronunciation is excellent.
pronunciations, to make progress for missed sessions. There are two different pronunciations of this word.
Learner example:
promise /ˈprɒm.ɪs/ My teacher is a friendly young man called Peter. He comes
from Scotland and this means that his accent and
Word family: pronunciation are quite different.
Nouns: promise
Verbs: promise proper /ˈprɒp.ər/
Adjectives: promising
VERB Word family:
SAY Adjectives: proper
[I or T] to say that you will certainly do something or that Adverbs: properly
something will certainly happen ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN]
Dictionary examples: CORRECT
She promised to write to me every week. correct or suitable
He promised faithfully to call me every week. Dictionary examples:
Paul promised me that he'd cook dinner tonight. the proper way to do something

131
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Please put those books back in the proper place. He's so aggressive - it's as if he's always trying to prove
If you're going to walk those sort of distances you need something.
proper walking boots. Learner example:
Learner example: It was real[l]y stressful because I wanted to prove that the
He is unable to speak proper English. level of my English is high enough for this class but I was
REAL too nervous to speak cor[r]ectly.
real and satisfactory
Dictionary examples: provide /prəˈvaɪd/
his first proper job
I've had sandwiches but I haven't eaten a proper meal. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: provider, provision
I [had to] change my previous profession (civil engineer) as Verbs: provide
I couldn't find a proper job. VERB [T]
to give someone something that they need
properly /ˈprɒp.əl.i/ Dictionary examples:
This booklet provides useful information/advice about
Word family: local services.
Adjectives: proper All meals are provided throughout the course.
Adverbs: properly Learner example:
ADVERB The restaurant provides excellent service.
correctly, or in a satisfactory way
Dictionary examples: public /ˈpʌb.lɪk/
It's still not working properly.
I'm not properly dressed for this sort of weather. Word family:
Come on, Evie, speak properly - you're not a baby any Nouns: publicity
more! Adjectives: public
Learner example: Adverbs: publicly
Unfortunately my bicycle is not working properly, so I was ADJECTIVE
just wondering if I could borrow yours[?] GOVERNMENT
provided by the government from taxes to be available to
property /ˈprɒp.ə.ti/ everyone
Dictionary examples:
NOUN public funds/services/spending
THINGS OWNED a public library
[U] objects that belong to someone Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I've found an advertisement on the noticeboard outside the
lost property public library that might interest you.
The club does not accept responsibility for loss of or NOUN
damage to club members' personal property. the public [+ SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB]
Children need to be taught to have respect for other all ordinary people
people's property. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: The public has a right to know about this.
When I re[aliz]ed that I had lost it, I went to the lost The palace and its grounds are open to the public during
property point in the shopping centre to ask about it, but the summer months.
they couldn't do anything for m[e]. When will the product be available to the general public?
Members of the public were asked about their shopping
protect /prəˈtekt/ habits.
Learner example:
Word family: That is great, because [during] this season a lot of towns
Nouns: protection usually celebrate and have parties in which you can dance,
Verbs: protect drink, eat and do one of the several activities that they offer
Adjectives: protective to the public.
VERB [I or T]
to keep someone or something safe from something public transport /ˌpʌb.lɪkˈtræn.spɔːt/
dangerous or bad
Dictionary examples: NOUN [U]
clothing that protects you against the cold a system of vehicles such as buses and trains which
It's important to protect your skin from the harmful effects operate at regular times on fixed routes and are used by
of the sun. the public
Public pressure to protect the environment is strong and Dictionary example:
growing. Greater investment in public transport would keep more
Learner example: cars off the roads.
Hats protect me from the sun (my skin is very sensitive to Learner example:
the sun) and they are also pretty cool. I travelled by public transport.

proud /praʊd/ publish /ˈpʌb.lɪʃ/

Word family: Word family:

Adjectives: proud Nouns: publication, publisher
Adverbs: proudly Verbs: publish
ADJECTIVE VERB [T OFTEN PASSIVE]
PLEASED to make information available to people, especially in a
feeling very pleased about something you have done, book, magazine or
something you own, or someone you know newspaper, or to produce and sell a book, magazine or
Dictionary examples: newspaper
She was so proud of her son. Dictionary examples:
I'm very proud to be involved in this project. She's just had an article published in their weekend
Learner example: supplement.
Anyway I am so happy to hear that. I'm really proud of you. The Government publishes figures every six months
showing how many people are unemployed.
prove /pruːv/ The names of the winners of the competition will be
published in June.
Word family: She was only 19 when her first novel was published.
Nouns: proof Learner example:
Verbs: prove My article was published and I rec[e]ived 500 pounds.
VERB [T]
SHOW TRUTH pull /pʊl/
to show that something is true
Dictionary examples: VERB
Can you prove that you weren't there? pull sth off/out/up
They proved him innocent/guilty. to take hold of something and use physical effort to remove
That theory was proved false. it from somewhere

132
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples: [C] why you do something or why something exists

I pulled the plug out. Dictionary examples:
He pulled off his sweater. The main purpose of the meeting is to discuss the future of
I spent the morning pulling up the weeds in the flowerbeds. the company.
Learner example: The drug may be legalized for medical purposes.
My tv is broken because of my little sister: she pulled out a multi-purpose kitchen knife
the cable. Learner example:
I think the purpose of it was to make the atmosphere more
pullover /ˈpʊl.əʊ.vər/ relax[ed].
on purpose
NOUN [C] intentionally
a warm piece of clothing which covers the top of your body Dictionary example:
and is pulled on over your head I didn't do it on purpose, it was an accident.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
a black woolly pullover I didn't do it on purpose; it was dark and I just walked into
Learner example: it.
My favo[u]rite pullover is one with small hearts.
push /pʊʃ/
pump /pʌmp/
Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: push
a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or Verbs: push
gas to move from one place to another Adjectives: pushy
Dictionary examples: VERB
a water/bicycle pump MOVE YOURSELF
a fuel/petrol pump [I or T] to move somewhere by moving someone or
Learner example: something away from you
You need to connect a[n] oxygen pump supplying oxygen Dictionary examples:
[which is] require[d] by goldfish. I'm sorry - I didn't mean to push in front of you.
She pushed through the crowd.
punctuation /ˌpʌŋk.tjuˈeɪ.ʃən/ He pushed past the waiting journalists, refusing to speak to
them.
NOUN [U] They pushed their way to the front of the queue.
the use of punctuation marks in writing so that people can PRESS
see when a sentence begins and finishes, that something is [T] to press something
a question, etc. Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: If you push this button, the seat goes back.
His letter was completely without punctuation. Learner example:
I was feeling very angry when I pushed the answer button.
punish /ˈpʌn.ɪʃ/ NOUN
PRESS
Word family: [C USUALLY NO PLURAL] when you move someone or
Nouns: punishment something by pressing them with your hands or body
Verbs: punish Dictionary examples:
VERB [T] Get on the swing and I'll give you a push.
to make someone suffer because they have done I gave the door a hard push, but it still wouldn't open.
something bad Learner example:
Dictionary examples: The door was open, so I gave it a push.
Those responsible for these crimes must be brought to
court and punished. put /pʊt/
He punished the class by giving them extra work.
Learner example: VERB [T] (putting, put, put)
I'll be punished by my parents, because [I told them] a lie. put away sth or put sth away PHRASAL VERB
to put something in the place or container where you
puppy /ˈpʌp.i/ usually keep it
Dictionary example:
NOUN [C] Put your toys away now.
a young dog Learner example:
Dictionary example: In the wardrobe there is no[t] enough room to put all my
a litter of puppies stuff away.
Learner example: put back sth or put sth back PHRASAL VERB
I was on the beach when my mobile phone rang. I knew to put something where it was before it was moved
that my mother was going to [tell] me that my puppy [was] Dictionary example:
dead, [so] I didn't answer the call. I put the book back on the shelf.
Learner example:
pure /pjʊər/ I must have set [out] thousands [of] chairs correctly and
after finishing I put them back nicely.
Word family: put down sb/sth or put sb/sth down PHRASAL VERB
Nouns: purity to put someone or something that you are holding onto the
Adjectives: pure floor or onto another surface
Adverbs: purely Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE I put my bags down while we spoke.
NOT MIXED Put me down, Dad!
A pure substance is not mixed with anything else. Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I lost something while I was out last week. I was at the
pure gold airport and I [was] waiting for my luggage. I put my scarf
a pure cotton shirt down and when my luggage arrived, I [left].
Learner example: put down sth or put sth down PHRASAL VERB
Its domes are made of pure copper, inside there's a big bell If you put the phone down, you put the part of the
called "Zygmunt". telephone that you speak into back to its usual position.
CLEAN Dictionary example:
clean and healthy It was only when I'd put the phone down that I realized
Dictionary examples: what he'd said.
The mountain air was wonderfully pure. Learner example:
Tap water is never chemically pure. "I'll be there in a minute," answered Carla quickly and put
Learner example: the phone down.
The weather is sunny, the gentle breeze is pure and fresh. put off sth/doing sth or put sth off PHRASAL VERB to
arrange to do something at a later time
purpose /ˈpɜː.pəs/ Dictionary examples:
The meeting has been put off until the first week in June.
NOUN I can't put off going to the dentist any longer.
REASON Learner example:

133
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Finally, I am sorry to tell you that I am not able to go on

holiday next September because I have an NOUN
important meeting which cannot be put off. GOOD OR BAD
put on sth or put sth on PHRASAL VERB [U NO PLURAL] how good or bad something is
EQUIPMENT Dictionary examples:
to make a piece of equipment work by pressing a switch good/high quality
Dictionary examples: poor/low quality
Could you put the light on? The air quality in this area is terrible.
What time shall I put the oven on? All we are asking for is a decent quality of life.
Learner example: Learner example:
I drew a deep breath and tried to put on the light. It's good quality and can play any types of DVD.
WEIGHT GOOD
If someone puts on weight, they become heavier. [U] when something is very good or well made
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
She put on over 4 kilos in a month. I was impressed by the quality of their clothes.
Learner example: Learner example:
That is all that I want for my two-week holiday but I'm They're more expensive than I expected but I prefer quality
afraid of put[ting] too m[any] pounds on. to quantity.
put out sth or put sth out PHRASAL VERB ADJECTIVE
to make something that is burning stop burning very good
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
They managed to put out the fire. We only sell quality products in this store.
Learner example: Learner example:
John went to help the fire brigade put out the fire. There are many good shops which sell quality products and
put sb through PHRASAL VERB they are not that expensive.
to connect someone using a telephone to the person they
want to speak to quantity /ˈkwɒn.tə.ti/
Dictionary example:
Can you put me through to customer services, please? NOUN [C or U]
Learner example: AMOUNT
I call[ed] and I was put through [to] the manager, [who] told the amount or number of something
me that there were some problems and the tv man [hadn't] Dictionary examples:
been able to come. Police found a large/small quantity of drugs in his
put up sth or put sth up PHRASAL VERB possession.
RAISE We consume vast quantities of sugar in this country.
to raise something, or to fix something in a raised position They are now developing ways to produce the vaccine in
Dictionary examples: large quantities.
I put my hand up to ask the teacher a question. This recipe is only for four, so I usually do double the
They've put a few pictures up on the wall. quantity if I'm cooking for my family.
Learner example: Learner example:
If you want to order some food, you just need to put your They're more expensive than I expected but I prefer quality
hand up and they will come to serve you immediately. to quantity.
SPREAD
to spread something that is folded or rolled up, such as a question mark /ˈkwes.tʃənˌmɑːk/
tent, umbrella, etc. so that it is ready to be used
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
We put the tent up near a river. the ? punctuation mark that is put at the end of a phrase or
I'll put my umbrella up. sentence to show that it is a question
Learner example:
We drove the [w]hole day and in the evening we put up a questionnaire /ˌkwes.tʃəˈneər/
tent and slept.
MONEY NOUN [C]
to increase the price or value of something a set of questions asked of a large number of people to
Dictionary example: discover information about a subject
I see they've put up the price of fuel again. Dictionary example:
Residents have been sent questionnaires about their
qualification /ˌkwɒl.ɪ.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ homes and energy use.
Learner example:
Word family: I had to fill in [a] questionnaire about m[yself].
Nouns: qualification
Verbs: qualify, disqualify queue /kjuː/
Adjectives: qualified, unqualified
NOUN NOUN [C]
STUDY a line of people waiting for something, one behind the other
[C OFTEN PLURAL] something that you get when you are Dictionary examples:
successful in an exam or course of study Are you in the queue?
Dictionary examples: There's a long queue for tickets.
You'll never get a good job if you don't have any There's a queue to get in.
qualifications. There was a long queue of traffic stretching down the
Does he have any legal/teaching qualifications? road.
Requirements for the job include a qualification in nursing. If you want tickets you'll have to join the queue.
Learner example: Learner example:
To improve my qualification[s], I joined the Cambridge So we can buy the tickets and the popcorn [and] relax,
Business class. without [having] to wait in a big queue.

qualified /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪd/ quiet /kwaɪət/

Word family: Word family:

Nouns: qualification Nouns: quiet
Verbs: qualify, disqualify Adjectives: quiet
Adjectives: qualified, unqualified Adverbs: quietly
ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE
PASSED EXAMS NOT TALKING MUCH
having passed the exams needed for a particular job If someone is quiet, they talk very little.
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a newly qualified teacher He was a shy, quiet man.
Tim is now a qualified architect. I was a bit worried about her - she seemed very quiet.
Learner example: Learner example:
I'd like to inform you that the courses are very interesting He's a quiet person but I'm [that] too.
because of the qualified teachers in this college.
quietly /ˈkwaɪət.li/
quality /ˈkwɒl.ə.ti/

134
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Word family: local radio

Nouns: quiet a radio station
Adjectives: quiet Learner example:
Adverbs: quietly I'm thinking [of] call[ing] the radio station to inform [them
ADVERB about] my situation.
WITHOUT NOISE
making little or no noise rail /reɪl/
Dictionary example:
"Don't worry," she said quietly. NOUN
Learner example: TRAINS
They were talking quietly and just before [getting into] the [U] trains as a method of transport
car, they kissed. Dictionary examples:
WITHOUT ACTIVITY More goods should be transported by rail.
doing something without much noise or activity rail fares/passengers
Dictionary example: rail travel
He sat quietly on the sofa, reading a book. Learner example:
Learner example: By rail: get off at York station and you can walk from the
It was about eight o'clock in the evening, I was watching TV station. Turn left and the hotel is on your left-hand side.
quietly in my living-room when the phone rang.
rainforest /ˈreɪn.fɒr.ɪst/
quit /kwɪt/ (quitting, quit, quit)
NOUN [C or U]
VERB a forest in a tropical area which receives a lot of rain
STOP WORK Dictionary example:
[I or T] to leave a job a tropical rainforest
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
I hated the work so much that I quit. But the most be[a]utiful place was a rainforest full of exotic
Would you quit your job if you inherited lots of money? trees.
Learner example:
Winning let me quit my job and I could afford [to] study rainy /ˈreɪn.i/
more English than I used to do.
STOP SOMETHING Word family:
[T] to stop doing something Nouns: rain
Dictionary examples: Verbs: rain
I'm going to quit smoking. Adjectives: rainy
Quit wasting my time! ADJECTIVE
Press Q to quit the program. raining a lot
Learner example: Dictionary example:
And, last but not least, quit smoking! a rainy afternoon
Learner example:
quite /kwaɪt/ On a rainy night, I was walking down the street with an
umbrella.
ADVERB
quite a bit raise /reɪz/
INFORMAL a lot
Dictionary examples: VERB [T]
He does quite a bit of travelling. LIFT
She's quite a bit older than him. to lift something to a higher position
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
We spent quite a bit of time [going] along the beach. Would all those in favour please raise their hands?
COMPLETELY She raised the glass to her lips and took a sip.
completely Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Many students raised their hands.
Are you quite sure you want to go? INCREASE
I'm quite happy to go myself if you'd prefer that. to increase an amount or level
The two situations are quite different. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: The government plan to raise taxes.
I'm quite sure you will love my country, especially the They've certainly raised standards at the school.
Amazon basins and the biggest rain-forest [in] the world! One solution would be to raise prices.
quite a while Learner example:
a long time Another disa[d]vantage could be to raise cost[s], w[h]ich
Dictionary examples: includes high taxes, etc.
I hadn’t seen Rebecca in quite a while.
It took quite a while to clean out the garage. range /reɪndʒ/
Learner example:
But although I have what you could call "simple" tastes, it NOUN
takes me quite a while to decide what to buy. OF THINGS
[C] a group of different things of the same general type
Dictionary examples:
race /reɪs/ a range of colours/patterns
We discussed a wide range of subjects.
Word family: We stock the full range of model railway accessories.
Nouns: race, racism, racist Learner example:
Adjectives: racial, racist It's a bea[u]tiful place with a wide range of activities.
Adverbs: racially
VERB rare /reər/
COMPETITION
[I or T] to compete in a race Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: rarity
He has been racing for over ten years. Adjectives: rare
I used to race against him when we were boys. Adverbs: rarely
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
Cycling [has] also given me the op[p]ortunity to race as UNUSUAL
well as tra[in] in Europe and the U.S. very unusual
Dictionary examples:
radio /ˈreɪ.di.əʊ/ a rare disease/species
a rare occasion/opportunity
NOUN (PLURAL radios) It's very rare to see these birds in winter.
SYSTEM Learner example:
[U] a system of sending and receiving sound through the There are palms, rare birds, very good food and a wonderful
air beach.
Dictionary examples:

135
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

rarely /ˈreə.li/ real /rɪəl/

Word family: Word family:

Nouns: rarity Nouns: reality
Adjectives: rare Adjectives: real, realistic, unrealistic, unreal
Adverbs: rarely Adverbs: really, realistically
ADVERB ADJECTIVE
not often TRUE
Dictionary examples: [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] true and not pretended
We rarely see each other now. Dictionary examples:
I rarely have time to read a newspaper. What was the real reason she didn't come?
Learner example: Is that your real name?
I rarely go shopping for clothes. Learner example:
That is the real reason why I'm going to stay in England
rather /ˈrɑː.ðər/ longer.

ADVERB realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/

SMALL AMOUNT
slightly or to a small degree Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: reality
That's rather a difficult question to answer. Adjectives: real, realistic, unrealistic, unreal
I thought he was rather nice. Adverbs: really, realistically
It was rather strange to invite me and then not come ADJECTIVE
himself. SEEMING REAL
She answered the telephone rather sleepily. showing things and people as they really are, or making
Learner example: them seem to be real
I can't come because I feel rather sick. Dictionary example:
rather than The creatures were all computer-generated but so realistic.
instead of Learner example:
Dictionary example: I chose this film because I think it is very realistic.
I think I'd like coffee rather than tea, if that's okay?
Learner example: realize (ALSO UK realise) /ˈrɪə.laɪz/
When the weather is to[o] hot to wear jeans, I usually wear
a swimsuit rather than shorts. Word family:
would rather Nouns: realization
used to show that you prefer to have or do one thing more Verbs: realize
than another VERB [I or T]
Dictionary examples: UNDERSTAND
I'd much rather go out for a meal than stay in and watch to notice or understand something that you did not notice
TV. or understand before
I would rather not tell him. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: I didn't realize how unhappy she was.
I'd rather watch something funny, like a sitcom. I suddenly realized I'd met her before.
They didn't realise the danger they were in.
raw /rɔː/ Do you realise that this is the third time you've forgotten?
Learner example:
ADJECTIVE I suddenly realised he was my cousin, Alex.
NOT COOKED
not cooked really /ˈrɪə.li/
Dictionary example:
raw fish/meat/vegetables Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: reality
My grandparents often tell me that they've never eaten Adjectives: real, realistic, unrealistic, unreal
anything while walking and they love healthy food, Adverbs: really, realistically
especially raw fish and sushi. ADVERB
FACT
reach /riːtʃ/ used when you are saying what is the truth of a situation
Dictionary examples:
VERB He isn't really angry - he's just pretending.
ARRIVE You don't really expect them to refuse, do you?
[T] to arrive at a place, especially after spending a long She said she was twenty eight, but really she's over thirty.
time travelling Learner example:
Dictionary examples: The first lesson was about the present tense and wasn't
We won't reach home till five or six o'clock. really difficult for us.
They finally reached the coast after five weeks sailing. not really
Learner example: used for replying that something is not true in a way that is
In the evening, it got colder than it [had been], so we less strong than just 'no'
reached home shivering. Dictionary examples:
"So was the food good?" - "Not really."
reader /ˈriː.dər/ "Did you like him?" - "Not really."

Word family: reasonable /ˈriː.zən.ə.bl̩/

Nouns: reader, reading, read, readership
Verbs: read Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: reason, reasoning
PERSON Adjectives: reasonable, unreasonable
someone who reads Adverbs: reasonably, unreasonably
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
He's a great reader. CHEAP
Many readers of our magazine have contacted us about the quite cheap
last issue on climate change. Dictionary examples:
He's a very slow/fast reader. reasonable prices
Learner example: Tomatoes are very reasonable at this time of year.
It is a club of readers. Our motto is "READ AND YOU WILL Learner example:
FEEL FINE!" If you are nature lovers, you should visit some small
BOOK villages where you can find [a] peaceful atmosphere,
a book containing a simple story for people who are delicious, fresh food and everything [at a] reasonable price.
learning to read or learning a language BIG ENOUGH
Dictionary example: big enough or large enough in number or amount, although
There are readers at five different levels, from beginner to not big or not many
upper intermediate. Dictionary examples:
There were a reasonable number of people there.

136
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

It's a reasonable salary for that job.

We have a reasonable chance of winning the game. NOUN [C]
Learner example: FOOD
Some of them have good places for sightseeing and a a list of foods and a set of instructions telling you how to
reasonable [amount of] nightlife. cook something
GOOD ENOUGH Dictionary examples:
good enough but not the best Do you know a good recipe for wholemeal bread?
Dictionary examples: For real South Asian food, just follow these recipes.
The service at the hotel is reasonable but don't expect 5- Learner example:
star treatment. Actually I am going to bring with me some delicious recipes
I'd say her work is of a reasonable standard. that you are going to be surprised [by].
Learner example:
From my Certificates you can see that I speak English very recognize (ALSO UK recognise) /ˈrek.əg.naɪz/
well and that I have [a] reasonable knowledge [of] Italian
and Spanish. Word family:
Nouns: recognition
reasonably /ˈriː.zən.ə.bli/ Verbs: recognize
VERB [T]
Word family: KNOW
Nouns: reason, reasoning to know someone or something because you have seen,
Adjectives: reasonable, unreasonable heard or experienced them before
Adverbs: reasonably, unreasonably Dictionary examples:
ADVERB I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I recognized her
reasonably priced immediately.
available at a good price I recognized her from her picture.
Dictionary example: I recognised his voice.
reasonably priced meals Doctors are trained to recognise the symptoms of different
Learner example: diseases.
Then in the evenings there are many reasonably priced Learner example:
restaurants, where you can get a nice tasty meal with I still didn't recognise him and he said that he wanted to tell
friends. me something.

rebuild /ˌriːˈbɪld/ recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/

Word family: Word family:

Nouns: builder, building Nouns: recommendation
Verbs: build, rebuild Verbs: recommend
VERB [T] (rebuilt, rebuilt) VERB [T]
BUILD AGAIN SUITABLE
to build something again that has been damaged or to say that someone or something is good or suitable for a
destroyed particular purpose
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
The cathedral was completely rebuilt in 1425 after it had Can you recommend a good wine to go with this dish?
been destroyed by fire. Peter had recommended a restaurant to us.
Learner example: Learner example:
It's [a] XIX century construction, but they rebuilt it. I recommend the city of Porto Alegre.
632recent /ˈriː.sənt/
Word family: record /ˈrek.ɔːd/
Adjectives: recent
Adverbs: recently Word family:
ADJECTIVE Nouns: record, recording
happening or starting from a short time ago Verbs: record
Dictionary examples: NOUN
Is that a recent photo? SONG/MUSIC
Have you been following recent political events? [C] a song or music which has been recorded and which is
In recent years, sales have decreased quite markedly. available for the public to buy, or the plastic disk that the
Learner example: music is recorded on
Dear John, Thank you for your recent letter. Dictionary example:
I like their new record.
recently /ˈriː.sənt.li/ Learner example:
My room is comfortable but a bit untidy around my stereo
Word family: because in spite of [having] a lot of records and CDs, I don't
Adjectives: recent have any shelf for them so this is why I'm going to buy a
Adverbs: recently new shelf.
ADVERB BEST
not long ago, or at a time that started not long ago [C] the best, biggest, longest, tallest, etc.
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Have you seen any good films recently? He ran the 100 metres in 9.79 seconds and broke the
Until very recently he worked as a teacher. world record.
Recently, I've been feeling a bit depressed. He holds the world record for 100 metres.
Learner example: She set a new European record in the high jump.
Recently I have been watching a lot of programmes [o]n Learner example:
television. [In track and field] he has broken the [current] world record
of the 100 met[re] distance!
reception /rɪˈsep.ʃən/
recording /rɪˈkɔː.dɪŋ/
Word family:
Nouns: receipt, reception, receptionist Word family:
Verbs: receive Nouns: record, recording
Adjectives: receptive Verbs: record
NOUN NOUN
HOTEL/OFFICE MUSIC/SPEECH
[NO PLURAL] the place in a hotel or office building where [C] a piece of music or a speech which has been recorded
people go when they arrive onto a disc, tape, etc.
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
Ask for me at reception. I bought a recording of Maria Callas singing Verdi.
a reception area/desk Learner example:
Learner example: I've made some recordings for you to listen to.
When I arrived [at] the hotel I asked the reception to find
m[e] a taxi to see the city. recover /rɪˈkʌv.ər/

recipe /ˈres.ə.pi/ Word family:

137
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Nouns: recovery NOUN [C]

Verbs: recover an amount of money that is given back to you, especially
VERB because you are not happy with something you have
HEALTH bought
[I] to become healthy or happy again after an illness, Dictionary example:
injury, or period of sadness The holiday company apologized and gave us a full refund.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
It takes a long time to recover from surgery. I am expecting a full refund and compensation for the
She never recovered from the death of her husband. discomfort I have suffered.
Learner example:
Dear Teacher, I'm sorry but I can't be [at] your next class refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/
because I'm recovering from [an illness] and my doctor said
that I should stay home. Word family:
Nouns: refusal
recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪ.kl̩/ Verbs: refuse
VERB [I or T]
Word family: to say that you will not do or accept something
Nouns: recycling Dictionary examples:
Verbs: recycle I asked him to leave but he refused.
Adjectives: recycled Cathy still refuses to admit that she was wrong.
VERB [I or T] She asked me to lend her some money but I refused.
to collect used paper, glass, plastic, etc., and put if through He's in trouble but he's refused all my offers of help.
a process so that it can be used again Learner example:
Dictionary examples: We have a competition for the cyclists next Friday and I
We recycle all our newspapers and bottles. need to practi[s]e. Unfortunately, I've lost my bike and my
The Japanese recycle more than half their waste paper. Mum refuses to buy a new one.
Learner example:
I realised that it is very important to recycle. regard /rɪˈgɑːd/

recycled /ˌriːˈsaɪ.kl̩d/ Word family:

Verbs: regard
Word family: Adverbs: regardless
Nouns: recycling NOUN [U] FORMAL
Verbs: recycle regards
Adjectives: recycled SLIGHTLY FORMAL greetings
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
Recycled paper, glass, plastic, etc. has been used before Kind/Best regards
and put through a Give my regards to your mother.
process so that it can be used again. Learner example:
Dictionary example: I hope this information help[s] you to make you[r] decision.
recycled paper/plastic Best regards,
Learner example:
Using recycled glass and paper not only saves resources, regarding /rɪˈgɑː.dɪŋ/ FORMAL
but also a lot of energy.
Word family:
recycling /ˌriːˈsaɪ.klɪŋ/ Verbs: regard
Adverbs: regardless
Word family: PREPOSITION
Nouns: recycling about
Verbs: recycle Dictionary example:
Adjectives: recycled The company is being questioned regarding its employment
NOUN [U] policy.
when paper, glass, plastic, etc. is put through a process so 639Learner example:
that it can be used again I apologise to you for missing tomorrow's class as I have to
Dictionary examples: attend a meeting regarding the field trip for our school with
ways to encourage recycling the Principal.
a recycling centre
Learner example: region /ˈriː.dʒən/
In order to writ[e] this report, I interviewed 50 people in my
town near the recycling centre and 50 people on the street. Word family:
Nouns: region
reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ Adjectives: regional
NOUN [C]
Word family: AREA
Nouns: reduction a particular area in a country or the world
Verbs: reduce Dictionary examples:
VERB [T] the semi-desert regions of Australia
to make something less the South-west region
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
to reduce air pollution The Northeast region is famous for its white sandy beaches
Prices have been reduced by almost 50 percent. which are frin[g]ed with coconut trees.
The number of employees was reduced from 500 to 300.
Do nuclear weapons really reduce the risk of war? register /ˈredʒ.ɪ.stər/
Learner example:
It is a bit smal[l], but the price was reduced. Word family:
Nouns: registration, register
refreshments /rɪˈfreʃ.mənts/ Verbs: register
VERB
Word family: ON A LIST
Nouns: refreshments [I or T] to put information about someone or something,
Verbs: refresh especially a name, on an official list
Adjectives: refreshing Dictionary examples:
NOUN [PLURAL] Students have to register for the new course by the end of
food and drinks that are available at a meeting, event, on a April.
journey, etc. Is he registered with the authorities to sell alcohol?
Dictionary example: I registered the car in my name.
Refreshments are available in the lobby. Learner example:
Learner example: I registered for [a] "green card" six months ago.
During the show, we had some refreshments and popcorn.
registration /ˌredʒ.ɪˈstreɪ.ʃən/
refund /ˈriː.fʌnd/
Word family:

138
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Nouns: registration, register

Verbs: register Word family:
NOUN [U] Nouns: relation, relationship, relative
when a name or information is recorded on an official list Verbs: relate
Dictionary example: Adjectives: related, relative, unrelated
voter registration Adverbs: relatively
Learner example: NOUN [C]
We had to pay some money for the registration in the first TWO PEOPLE/GROUPS
lesson. the way two people or groups feel about and behave
towards each other
regret /rɪˈgret/ Dictionary example:
He has a very good relationship with his father.
VERB [T] (-tt-) Learner example:
BAD DECISION Then we studied some phrasal verbs and I was supposed to
to feel sorry about a situation, especially something that read a text about feelings and relationships.
you wish you had not done ROMANTIC
Dictionary examples: a sexual or romantic friendship
If you don't tell her the truth you'll regret it later. Dictionary examples:
I really regret leaving school so young. Have you had any serious relationships in the past year?
He began to regret that he hadn't paid more attention in Are you in a relationship at the moment?
class. Learner example:
Is there anything you've done in your life that you regret? He told me that he hope[s] that someday we could have a
Learner example: boyfriend-girlfriend relationship for real.
I'm glad to receive your letter and know about your
intention to come to Brazil. I think you've made a nice relative /ˈrel.ə.tɪv/
choice and you won't regret it.
Word family:
regular /ˈreg.jʊ.lər/ Nouns: relation, relationship, relative
Verbs: relate
Word family: Adjectives: related, relative, unrelated
Adjectives: irregular, regular Adverbs: relatively
Adverbs: regularly NOUN [C]
ADJECTIVE a member of your family
OFTEN Dictionary examples:
happening or doing something often, especially at the same There was a party for friends and relatives.
time every week, year, etc. I haven't got many blood relatives.
Dictionary examples: All her close/distant relatives came to the wedding.
a regular customer Learner example:
It's recommended that you take regular exercise. After that there'll be a big party with all your relatives and
Violence is a regular occurrence in this part of the city. friends.
Learner example:
His girlfriend is a regular member of that new club which I relax /rɪˈlæks/
have joined.
GRAMMAR Word family:
following the usual rules or patterns in grammar Nouns: relaxation
Dictionary example: Verbs: relax
'Talk' is a regular verb but 'go' is not. Adjectives: relaxed, relaxing
SIZE VERB [I or T]
being a standard size BECOME HAPPY
Dictionary example: to become happy and comfortable because nothing is
a burger and regular fries worrying you, or to make someone do this
Dictionary examples:
regularly /ˈreg.jʊ.lə.li/ I find it difficult to relax.
After work I relax with a cup of tea and the newspaper.
Word family: The wine had relaxed him and he began to talk.
Adjectives: irregular, regular Learner example:
Adverbs: regularly If you want to relax, Buenos Aires is near a lot of beautiful
ADVERB beaches.
OFTEN
often relaxation /ˌriː.lækˈseɪ.ʃən/
Dictionary example:
Accidents regularly occur on this bend. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: relaxation
I know I promised to write to you regularly but I just hadn't Verbs: relax
[a] spare minu[te] until now. Adjectives: relaxed, relaxing
SAME TIME NOUN [U]
at the same time each day, week, month, etc. the feeling of being relaxed
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
They meet regularly - usually once a week. He plays the piano for relaxation.
Learner example: Learner example:
I usually go out with my friends to buy a lot of clothes, Last week I decided [to] paint it in baby blue, you know I
regularly at weekends. love that colour, in fact somebody told me it was very good
for relaxation.
relation /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən/
relaxed /rɪˈlækst/
Word family:
Nouns: relation, relationship, relative Word family:
Verbs: relate Nouns: relaxation
Adjectives: related, relative, unrelated Verbs: relax
Adverbs: relatively Adjectives: relaxed, relaxing
NOUN ADJECTIVE
FAMILY MEMBER PERSON
[C] someone who belongs to the same family as you feeling happy and calm because nothing is worrying you
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
The funeral was attended by friends and relations. She looked relaxed and happy walking along with her two
He's called Ken Russell, no relation to the film director. boys.
Learner example: He seemed perfectly relaxed and in control of the
I beg[a]n to play against my relations and friends but I soon situation.
found that I could [beat] them without Learner example:
any difficulty. It makes me more relaxed.

relationship /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/ relaxing /rɪˈlæks.ɪŋ/

139
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Nouns: movement
Word family: Verbs: move, remove
Nouns: relaxation Adjectives: moving
Verbs: relax VERB [T]
Adjectives: relaxed, relaxing TAKE AWAY
ADJECTIVE to take something away
making you feel relaxed Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: The men came to remove the rubbish from the backyard.
a relaxing bath An operation was needed to remove the bullets from his
Learner example: chest.
Yoga is a very relaxing activity but not boring at all! Learner example:
I'm going to remove the wardrobe and [get] a new one!!
reliable /rɪˈlaɪə.bl̩/
rent /rent/
Word family:
Nouns: reliability, reliance, self-reliance VERB
Verbs: rely RECEIVE MONEY
Adjectives: reliable, unreliable, reliant, self-reliant [T] (ALSO rent out) to allow someone to pay you money to
ADJECTIVE live in your building
able to be trusted or believed Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: I rented out my house and went travelling for a year.
a reliable car My Dad has a cottage which he rents (out) to tourists.
reliable information Learner example:
Gideon is very reliable - if he says he'll do something, he'll My uncle is trying to rent his house.
do it.
Learner example: repair /rɪˈpeər/
I got a lot of prizes in school, so I consider myself a
hardworking and reliable person. NOUN [C or U]
THING FIXED
religion /rɪˈlɪdʒ.ən/ something that you do to fix something that is broken or
damaged
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: religion My car is in the garage for repairs.
Adjectives: religious The repairs to the roof will be expensive.
NOUN [C or U] Learner example:
the belief in a god or gods, or a particular system of belief My father sent it to the workshop for repair.
in a god or gods
Dictionary example: repeat /rəˈpiːt/
the Christian/Muslim/Buddhist religion
Learner example: Word family:
I think it's quite interesting for me, because I like [the] Nouns: repetition
history of religion. Verbs: repeat
Adjectives: repeated, repetitive
remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ Adverbs: repeatedly
VERB [T]
Word family: TELL
Nouns: remains to tell someone something that someone else has told you
Verbs: remain Dictionary example:
Adjectives: remaining Please don't repeat what I've just told you to anyone else.
VERB Learner example:
remain calm/open, etc. He had written he was sorry, he should not have done it, he
to continue to be in the same state wished he had not repeated what I told him, he would never
Dictionary examples: do something like that again...
Despite the chaos around him, he remained calm.
He remained silent. replace /rɪˈpleɪs/
The bank will remain open while building work is carried
out. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: place, replacement, displacement
I tried to remain calm but it was very difficult. Verbs: place, replace, displace, misplace
VERB [T]
remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ USE INSTEAD
to start using another thing or person instead of the one
Word family: that you are using now
Nouns: reminder Dictionary examples:
Verbs: remind We're thinking of replacing our old TV with a new one.
VERB [T] The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.
to make someone remember something, or remember to Learner example:
do something And I'm going to replace the desk, because I [don't] have
Dictionary examples: enough [sp]ace to put a computer onto it.
Remind me to post this letter. GET SOMETHING NEW
Could you remind Paul about dinner on Saturday? to get something new because the one you had before has
I rang Jill and reminded her that the conference had been been lost or damaged
cancelled. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: We'll have to replace this carpet soon.
Dan I'm writing you this [email] to remind you that tonight I promised to replace the plate that I'd dropped.
we will be going to the cinema with some of my friends. Learner example:
I'm very sorry about it [but] don't worry because I bought
remote control /rɪˌməʊt.kənˈtrəʊl/ (ALSO remote) another one to replace it.

NOUN [C] reply /rɪˈplaɪ/

a piece of equipment that is used to control something such
as a television or toy from a distance VERB [I or T]
Dictionary example: to answer
Have you seen the remote control anywhere? Dictionary examples:
Learner example: "Where are you going?" I asked. "Home," he replied.
TV - a powerful force that keeps us glued for endless hours "I don't understand," she replied.
every day, unable to press the "Off" button on the remote I replied that it was 12 o'clock.
control. He didn't reply to my email.
Learner example:
remove /rɪˈmuːv/ Please reply as soon as possible.
NOUN [C or U]
Word family: an answer

140
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples: NEED

Her reply was short and unfriendly. to need or demand something
Have you had a reply to your email? Dictionary examples:
In reply to their questions, she just shrugged. Training to be a doctor requires a lot of hard work.
She sent me an email in reply. Please telephone this number if you require any further
I asked why, but he made/gave no reply. information.
Learner example: Skiing down a steep slope requires total concentration.
I'm waiting for your reply to tell me when [you] will come. Learner example:
Weddings are very different in our country and require a lot
report /rɪˈpɔːt/ of [prepara]tion.

Word family: rescue /ˈres.kjuː/

Nouns: reporter
Verbs: report VERB [T]
Adverbs: reportedly to save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation
VERB Dictionary examples:
DESCRIBE Fifty passengers had to be rescued from a sinking ship.
[I or T] to describe a recent event or situation, especially The government has refused to rescue the company from
on television, radio, or in a newspaper bankruptcy.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Jo Smith reports on recent developments. A bomb had exploded and that boy rescued me from the
She reported that the situation had changed dramatically. accident.
A woman outside the shop reported seeing the gun. NOUN [C or U]
The assassination was reported in all the newspapers. SAVE
Learner example: when someone is saved from a dangerous or unpleasant
You reported that other performers were second-rate. situation
TELL Dictionary examples:
[T] to tell someone in authority that something has Lifeboats carry out many rescues every month.
happened, especially an an unsuccessful rescue attempt
accident or crime Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Last Friday I saw one that was about two guys who were
He should have reported the accident immediately. lost in the jungle for nine days, and the rescue team found
Have you reported the fault to a technician? them alive.
Learner example:
Of course I reported it at the train station, but they couldn't research /ˈriː.sɜːtʃ/
find it [when] they s[ea]rched the train.
NOUN [C] Word family:
a description of an event or situation Nouns: research, researcher
Dictionary examples: Verbs: research
a news/weather report NOUN [U]when someone studies a subject in detail or tries
a company's financial report to find information about a subject
a report on climate change Dictionary examples:
I gave a report of the theft to the insurance company. scientific/medical research
Learner example: a research program/laboratory
I'll be handing you a report [on] Chapter 7 the next day. research into language development
They are conducting research into plant genetics.
reporter /rɪˈpɔː.tər/ I've done some research into the best beaches to visit.
Learner example:
Word family: I have been doing research about how well people dress,
Nouns: reporter and I think I dress with care.
Verbs: report
Adverbs: reportedly reservation /ˌrez.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
NOUN [C]
someone whose job is to discover information about news Word family:
events and describe Nouns: reservation
them on television, radio, the Internet, or in a newspaper Verbs: reserve
Dictionary example: NOUN
He's a reporter for the local newspaper. BOOKING
Learner example: [C] an arrangement that you make to have a seat on an
The reporters t[alke]d about her life, where she was born, aircraft, a room in a hotel, etc.
[and] who her parents [are]. Dictionary examples:
I'd like to make a table reservation for two people for 9
request /rɪˈkwest/ o'clock.
Please confirm your reservation in writing by Friday.
NOUN [C or U] Learner example:
when you politely or officially ask for something I can make a reservation if you want.
Dictionary examples:
They received hundreds of requests for more information. reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/
His doctor made an urgent request for a copy of the
report. Word family:
An application form is available on request. Nouns: reservation
The clause was added to the contract at her request. Verbs: reserve
The manager refused their request to leave work early. VERB [T]
Learner example: ARRANGE TO HAVE
I decided to reply [to] your request as soon as possible. to arrange to have a seat on an aircraft, a room in a hotel,
VERB [T] etc.
to politely or officially ask for something Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: I'd like to reserve two seats on the 9:15 to Birmingham.
We've requested a further two computers. I reserved a double room at the Lamb Hotel.
They requested that no photographs be taken in the Learner example:
church. I must go [to] the bus station to reserve seats for the bus
Visitors are requested not to walk on the grass. [at] 17:30 pm.
Learner example: KEEP
I have to rent a car [at the] Hertz agency and request [OFTEN PASSIVE] to not allow people to use something
information about where the hotel [i]s. because it is only for a particular person or for a particular
purpose
require /rɪˈkwaɪər/ Dictionary examples:
This space is reserved for ambulances only.
Word family: These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with
Nouns: requirement babies.
Verbs: require Learner example:
VERB [T]

141
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

We will have free tent accom[m]odation in an area reserved

for the staff. result /rɪˈzʌlt/

resort /rɪˈzɔːt/ NOUN

HAPPEN
NOUN [C] [C or U] something that happens or exists because
HOLIDAY something else has happened
a place where many people go for a holiday Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Most accidents are the result of human error.
a seaside resort Unemployment has risen as a direct result of new
a ski resort economic policies.
Learner example: Learner example:
I am in Kajdussdoset which is a famous holiday resort in As a result, I am a bit cold now.
Hungary, my country. INFORMATION
[C] information that you get from something such as an
respect /rɪˈspekt/ exam, a scientific
experiment, or a medical test
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: respect, disrespect She's waiting for the results of a blood test.
Verbs: respect the results of a survey
Adjectives: respectable, respected, disrespectful, Learner example:
respectful I joined this English class because of my bad exam result.
Adverbs: respectfully COMPETITION
NOUN [C] the score or number of votes at the end of a
ADMIRATION competition or election
[U] when you admire someone because of their knowledge, Dictionary examples:
skill, or achievements The election results will be known by Sunday.
Dictionary examples: What was the result of this afternoon's match?
She's an excellent teacher and I have the greatest respect Learner example:
for her. The[y] were all so surprised about the result of [the] game
New teachers have to earn the respect of their students. Germany against Saudi Arabia that they welcom[ed me] in
Learner example: a very friendly way.
I have met some fantastic players, especially George N, an
experienced footballer who teaches me a lot about getting retire /rɪˈtaɪər/
respect on and off the field, and he's been of great help to
me. Word family:
POLITENESS Nouns: retirement
[U] when you are polite to someone, especially because Verbs: retire
they are older or more important than you Adjectives: retired
Dictionary examples: VERB [I]
You should show more respect for your parents. to leave your job and stop working, usually because you are
Teachers should be treated with respect. old
She has no respect for her boss. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: She retired from the company in 1990.
As for people who attend weddings, it's important for them He is due to retire as chief executive next year.
to wear formal clothes to show their respect [for] the new Learner example:
couple. Nowadays I'm free because I retired recently.
VERB [T]
ADMIRE return /rɪˈtɜːn/
to admire someone because of their knowledge,
achievements, etc NOUN
Dictionary examples: GOING BACK
I respect him for his honesty. [NO PLURAL] when someone goes or comes back to a
I deeply respect David for what he has achieved. place where they were before
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
It's nice to have a friend who respects you and who you The whole town came out to celebrate his return from the
respect too. war.
On his return to Sydney, he started up a business.
responsible /rɪˈspɒnt.sə.bl̩/ Learner example:
But on the return from Zurich we had a[n] accident and the
Word family: car has been destroyed.
Nouns: responsibility TICKET
Adjectives: irresponsible, responsible [C] a ticket that lets you travel to a place and back again,
ADJECTIVE for example on a train
be responsible for sb/sth/doing sth Dictionary example:
to be the person whose duty is to deal with someone or Could I have two returns to Birmingham?
something COMPUTER
Dictionary examples: [U] a key on a computer keyboard that is used to make the
I'm responsible for looking after the children during the computer accept information or to start a new line in a
lunch break. document
Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the Dictionary example:
office. Type in the password and press return.
Learner example:
The woman who is responsible for this club is very review /rɪˈvjuː/
beautiful.
NOUN
rest /rest/ [C] a report in a newspaper, magazine, or programme that
gives an opinion about a new book, film, etc.
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: rest He writes film/theatre/book reviews for the newspapers.
Verbs: rest Her latest novel has had/received excellent reviews.
Adjectives: restless The film has had mixed reviews.
VERB Learner example:
RELAX/SLEEP I was thinking we should see "Show Bar", the review is
[I] to relax or sleep because you are tired after an activity good!
or because you are ill
Dictionary examples: revise /rɪˈvaɪz/
The doctor told him that he should rest for a few days.
Pete's resting after his long drive. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: revision
The weather was particularly sunny there, so we decided to Verbs: revise
eat an ice-cream and to rest a little. VERB

142
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

STUDY Learner example:

[I or T] to study a subject before you take a test I really enjoyed myself a lot. Although I was scared on the
Dictionary example: rides, in my op[i]nion that funfair we visited was fantastic!
She's revising for her English exam.
Learner example: rider /ˈraɪ.dər/
Well, I have to leave it here because I have a History exam
tomorrow and I haven't revised, yet. Word family:
Nouns: ride, rider
revision /rɪˈvɪʒ.ən/ Verbs: ride
NOUN [C]
Word family: someone who rides a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle
Nouns: revision Dictionary example:
Verbs: revise One of the riders was thrown off his horse.
NOUN [U] Learner example:
when you study a subject before taking a test A lot of good riders will come with their horses to take p[art]
Dictionary example: in a competition.
She did lots of revision for her French exam.
Learner example: right /raɪt/
Dear Pete, Although I received your letter last week, I
haven't been able to answer until [now] as I am busy with Word family:
revision for my English exams. Nouns: right
Adjectives: right
reward /rɪˈwɔːd/ Adverbs: right, rightly
ADJECTIVE
Word family: SUITABLE
Nouns: reward suitable or best in a particular situation
Verbs: reward Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: rewarding I'm not sure she's the right person for the job.
NOUN [C] Are we going in the right direction?
SOMETHING GOOD Learner example:
something good that you get or experience because you I know that you will make the right choice!
have worked hard, ADVERB
behaved well, etc. EXACTLY
Dictionary examples: exactly in a place or time
There'll be a reward for whoever finishes first. Dictionary examples:
I told her she could choose a toy as a reward for her good He's right here with me.
behaviour. I fell asleep right in the middle of her speech.
Learner example: They live right in the centre of the city.
Things improved even more in the evening, when dad let Learner example:
me go to the cinema with my friends, as That's me, right here.
a reward for getting such good results at Maths. right away/now/after
MONEY immediately
an amount of money given to someone for helping to find Dictionary example:
something or for Do you want to start right away?
helping the police to return stolen property Learner example:
Dictionary example: I [would] love to see your new trousers but I'm busy right
The police offered a reward for any information about the now.
robbery.
Learner example: ring /rɪŋ/
And as a reward, my father took out RM500 and gave it to
the bystander. VERB [I or T]
SOUND
rid /rɪd/ If something rings, it makes the sound of a bell, and if you
ring a bell, you cause it to make a sound.
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
get rid of sth The phone's ringing.
to throw something away or give something to someone I rang the doorbell.
because you no longer want it Learner example:
Dictionary example: Me and a few of my friends were having a day off school so
We must get rid of some of those old books. we went to a lovely beach by the Danube river, when my
Learner example: phone rang.
Do you think I'd better get rid of the sofa and place the
bookshelf [there]? rise /raɪz/

ride /raɪd/ VERB [I] (rose, risen)

SUN/MOON
Word family: When the sun or moon rises, it appears in the sky.
Nouns: ride, rider Dictionary example:
Verbs: ride The sun rises in the East.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
VEHICLE It was very beautiful, especially in the morning when the
a journey in a vehicle or train sun was rising.
Dictionary examples: MOVE UP
It's a short bus ride to the airport. to move up
Can I give you a ride to the station? Dictionary example:
He asked me for a ride into town. The balloon rose gently up into the air.
Learner example:
On the next day, I went swimming in the lake early in the rob /rɒb/
morning and took a bus ride home after that.
BICYCLE Word family:
a journey riding a bicycle, motorcycle, or horse Nouns: robbery
Dictionary examples: Verbs: rob
He's gone out for a ride on his bike. VERB [T] (-bb-)
Do you want to come for a ride on my motorbike? STEAL
Learner example: to steal from someone or somewhere, often using violence
I swam in the sea, sunba[th]ed on the golden beach and Dictionary examples:
had a ride on [a] scooter. to rob a bank
PLAYING Two tourists were robbed at gunpoint in the city centre last
a machine at a fair which moves people up and down, night.
round in circles, etc. as they sit in it They robbed the company of £2 million.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
She wanted me to go on a ride with her. About twenty tourists were robbed.

143
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

SPACE
robot /ˈrəʊ.bɒt/ [U] space for things to fit into
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] Is there enough room for me in the car?
a machine controlled by a computer, which can move and That sofa would take up too much room in the flat.
do other things that people can do James took the books off the little table to make room for
Dictionary example: the television.
They use robots to spray the cars. Learner example:
Learner example: In the wardrobe there is no[t] enough room to put all my
I think there will be tall buildings and [the] population will stuff away.
rise a lot. I think there will be robots too.
rose /rəʊz/
rock /rɒk/
NOUN [C]
Word family: a flower with a pleasant smell and thorns, that grows on a
Nouns: rock bush
Adjectives: rocky Dictionary examples:
NOUN a rose bush
HARD SUBSTANCE She sent him a bunch of red roses.
[C or U] the hard, natural substance which forms part of Learner example:
the Earth's surface, or an area of this substance sticking out He brought me to a posh restaurant and he gave me a
of the sea or ground bunch of roses.
Dictionary examples:
a layer of rock rough /rʌf/
Mountains and cliffs are formed from rock.
The boat struck a rock outside the bay and sank. Word family:
We climbed over the rocks and reached the sea. Adjectives: rough
Learner example: Adverbs: roughly
There are many wonderful hills, mountains, lakes, caves ADJECTIVE
and rocks. NOT SMOOTH
A rough surface is not smooth.
role /rəʊl/ Dictionary examples:
rough ground
NOUN [C] It was a rough mountain road, covered in stones and huge
ACTING holes.
an actor's part in a film or play Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I went with some people I kn[ew] from bike competitions,
She's got a leading/supporting role in the school play. and I [was] impressed with how well they can ride a bike on
He plays the role of a violent criminal. a rough terrain, w[hereas] I had to go carefully in some
Learner example: tracks.
Jack Nicholson, my favourite actor, plays the main role. NOT EXACT
approximate and not exact
roll /rəʊl/ Dictionary examples:
Write a rough copy first and check the grammar.
NOUN [C] Can you give me a rough idea of the numbers?
BREAD Learner example:
a small loaf of bread for one person I lost my personal note-pad where I used to write all my job
Dictionary example: tasks, my arrangements and the records of my students. I
I had a roll with my soup. have [even] written the rough copy of some personal letters
Learner example: [there].
We eat ham, cheese, butter and paprika, with [a] roll or
bread. round /raʊnd/

romance /rəʊˈmænts/ PREPOSITION

TO OR IN A PLACE
Word family: to or in different parts of a place
Nouns: romance Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: romantic The landlord showed me round the house.
NOUN [C or U] I had to go all round town to find a hotel that was open.
an exciting relationship of love between two people, often a Learner example:
short one Well, she showed me round her hometown and we did some
Dictionary examples: sight-seeing.
It was just a holiday romance. ADVERB
Office romances are usually a bad idea. CIRCULAR MOVEMENT
Learner example: with a circular movement
I like it very much because it has romance and action, and Dictionary example:
cats of cours[e]. This switch makes the wheels go round.
OPPOSITE DIRECTION
romantic /rəʊˈmæn.tɪk/ to the opposite direction
Dictionary examples:
Word family: She looked round.
Nouns: romance Turn the car round and let's go home.
Adjectives: romantic Learner example:
ADJECTIVE I turned round and I saw that the one who was calling me
LOVE was the singer!!
relating to feelings of love and affection TO SEVERAL PLACES
Dictionary example: from one place or person to another
a romantic dinner for two Dictionary example:
Learner example: Could you pass these forms round, please?
And the atmosphere in the evening is so romantic!
STORY route /ruːt/
relating to a story about love
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
romantic fiction ROADS
a romantic comedy the roads or paths you follow to get from one place to
Learner example: another place
It was interesting but romantic novels are my favourite Dictionary examples:
books! an escape route
I'm just planning my route.
room /ruːm/ What's the best route to the station?
Crowds gathered all along the route to watch the race.
NOUN Learner example:

144
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Each cycle route [is] shown in a different colour, so we Nouns: rule, ruler, ruling
didn't lose our way. Verbs: rule
NOUN
routine /ruːˈtiːn/ INSTRUCTION
[C] an official instruction about what you must or must not
NOUN [C or U] do
the things you regularly do and how and when you do them Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: to break the rules
a daily routine to obey/follow the rules
He longed to escape the routine of an office job. You can't smoke at school, it's against the rules.
There's no set/fixed routine at work - every day is Learner example:
different. There're plenty of rules in my high school.
Learner example: PRINCIPLE
Usually we speak about our daily routine, [and] our plan[s] [C] a principle of a system, such as a language or science
for the future. Dictionary example:
the rules of grammar
row /rəʊ/ Learner example:
We did a little exam about tenses and grammar rules.
NOUN [C]
LINE
a straight line of people or things run /rʌn/
Dictionary examples:
a row of chairs/houses Word family:
My students sit at desks in rows for most of the time. Nouns: run, runner, running
Learner example: Verbs: run
Two rows of serv[a]nts stood beside the path which was in VERB (running, ran, run)
front of him with [a] red carpet on it. ORGANIZE
SEATS [T] to organize or control something
a line of seats Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: She ran her own restaurant for five years.
to sit on the back/front row The social group is run by the residents themselves.
Isn't that Sophie sitting in the row behind us? Learner example:
Learner example: My aunt is always working. She runs her own business.
It is great in my class, there are so many people and they NOUN [C]
are all nice. I'm sitting in the first row next to Nicole. MOVE FAST
when you move on your feet at a speed faster than walking,
rubbish /ˈrʌb.ɪʃ/ especially for exercise
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [U] We go for/do a three-mile run every evening after work.
WASTE If you set off at a run, you'll be exhausted later.
things that you throw away because you do not want them Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Walking is recognized [as] good exercise, or going for a run.
Our rubbish gets collected on Thursdays.
Put the empty box in the rubbish bin.
I took some old furniture to the rubbish dump.
Learner example: safe /seɪf/
While I [was] walking in the rain along the dark and quiet
alleys, I heard a weak cry that sound[ed] like a baby Word family:
[coming] from a corner with rubbish scattered everywhere. Nouns: safety
Adjectives: safe, unsafe
rude /ruːd/ Adverbs: safely
ADJECTIVE
Word family: NOT HARMED
Nouns: rudeness not harmed or damaged
Adjectives: rude Dictionary example:
Adverbs: rudely She said that all the hostages were safe.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
NOT POLITE Suddenly I felt something strange near me, I turn[ed] back
behaving in a way which is not polite and upsets other quickly and two men were there. They showed me their
people weapons. Then, I woke up safe in my bed.
Dictionary examples:
a rude comment/remark safely /ˈseɪ.fli/
He complained that a member of staff had been rude to
him. Word family:
It would be rude to leave without saying goodbye. Nouns: safety
Learner example: Adjectives: safe, unsafe
I thought he [was] such a rude man. Adverbs: safely
ADVERB
rug /rʌg/ in a safe way
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] We all arrived safely.
a soft piece of material used to cover the floor Drive safely!
Dictionary example: Are the children safely fastened into their car seats?
My dog loves lying on the rug in front of the fire. I think we can safely say they won't find us now.
Learner example: Learner example:
There is [a] green rug in the middle of the floor. My friend has come back safely and now a new life [starts
for him].
ruin /ˈruː.ɪn/
sail /seɪl/
NOUN
OLD PARTS Word family:
[C] the broken parts that are left from an old building after Nouns: sailing, sailor
it has been destroyed Verbs: sail
Dictionary example: VERB
Thousands of tourists wander around these ancient ruins CONTROL BOAT
every year. [I or T] to control a boat that has no engine and is pushed
Learner example: by the wind
After that I'm going to travel to Luxor and see [the] ruins. Dictionary examples:
He sailed the dinghy up the river.
rule /ruːl/ She sailed around the world single-handed in her yacht.
Learner example:
Word family:

145
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

First of all, we are going to the beach where some sail[o]rs The kind of clothes I most like [are] casual but fashionable
are going to teach us how to sail. at the same time.
TRAVEL ON BOAT PRONOUN
[I] to travel somewhere on a boat or a ship the same
Dictionary example: not another different thing or situation
We sailed to New York. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: I'm hopeless at physics, and it's the same with chemistry -
You know, I've got a boat and if you want, we will be able to I get it all wrong.
spend five days on it. We will sail to the Channel Islands I'd do the same if I was in your situation.
(Jersey, Guernsey, Sark...) . Learner example:
I will write [to] you again soon and I hope you will do the
sailor /ˈseɪ.lər/ same.

Word family: sand /sænd/

Nouns: sailing, sailor
Verbs: sail Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: sand
someone who sails ships or boats as their job or as a sport Adjectives: sandy
Dictionary example: NOUN [U]
Over 100 sailors took part in the race. a substance that is found on beaches and in deserts, which
Learner example: is made from very small grains of rock
He is a sailor. Dictionary examples:
a grain of sand
salary /ˈsæl.ər.i/ The children played all day in/on the sand.
coarse/fine sand
NOUN [C or U] Learner example:
a fixed amount of money that you receive from your We got to a bea[uti]ful beach. The sand looked like gold.
employer, usually every month
Dictionary examples: sandal /ˈsæn.dəl/
an annual salary of £20 000
His net monthly salary is £1500. NOUN [C]
She's on quite a good/decent salary in her present job. a light shoe with straps that you wear in warm weather
He took a drop in salary when he changed jobs. Dictionary example:
a 10% salary increase a pair of sandals
Learner example: Learner example:
I was on the beach when my mobile phone rang. It was my In summer, I wear skirts and sandals.
boss [who] said "I'm in Australia, and I can't read my e-mail,
the server at work crashed. Please repair it today and I will sandy /ˈsænd.i/
double your salary."
Word family:
sale /seɪl/ Nouns: sand
Adjectives: sandy
NOUN ADJECTIVE
on sale covered with or containing sand
available to buy in a shop, on the Internet, etc. Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: a sandy beach
The video and book are now on sale. Learner example:
Learner example: We have no mountains in Lithuania, but we have sandy
I went window shopping with my friends yesterday and I beaches at [the] seaside.
saw this beautiful skirt on sale.
satisfied /ˈsæt.ɪs.faɪd/
salesman /ˈseɪlz.mən/
Word family:
NOUN [C] (PLURAL salesmen) Nouns: dissatisfaction, satisfaction
someone whose job is selling things Verbs: satisfy
Dictionary example: Adjectives: dissatisfied, satisfactory, satisfied,
I asked the salesman for advice. unsatisfactory
Learner example: Adverbs: satisfactorily
Sad to say, I have not applied for it again but I did apply for ADJECTIVE
another job as a salesman. PLEASED
pleased because you have got what you wanted, or
saleswoman /ˈseɪlzˌwʊm.ən/ because something has
happened in the way that you wanted
NOUN [C] (PLURAL saleswomen) Dictionary examples:
someone whose job is selling things Some people are never satisfied!
Dictionary example: a satisfied smile
The saleswoman showed me the car. Are you satisfied with the new arrangement?
Learner example: Learner example:
Many years ago, when I was seventeen, I was working as a I must say that I'm very satisfied with [the club].
saleswoman [for] a print[er].
saucepan /ˈsɔː.spən/
salmon /ˈsæm.ən/ (PLURAL salmon)
NOUN [C]
NOUN [C or U] a deep, metal pan, usually with a long handle and a lid, that
a large, silver fish, or the pink meat of this fish is used to cook food in
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
fresh/smoked/tinned salmon Put the potatoes in a saucepan of boiling water.
salmon fishing Learner example:
Learner example: The waiters are very polite and the food is so good,
My favo[u]rite restaurant is Pampa Grill. My favo[u]rite food specially the fish. You can can see the [chef] with his
[there] is the salmon, it's delicious. saucepan, it's very funny!

same /seɪm/ saucer /ˈsɔː.sər/

ADJECTIVE NOUN [C]

at the same time a small plate that you put under a cup
If two things happen or are true at the same time, they Dictionary examples:
happen or are true a cup and saucer
together. She gave the cat a saucer of milk.
Dictionary example:
We arrived at the same time. save /seɪv/
Learner example:

146
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Word family: It was quite exciting but a little scary.

Nouns: savings, saving
Verbs: save scene /siːn/
VERB
NOT WASTE Word family:
[T] to prevent time, money or effort being wasted or spent Nouns: scene, scenery
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: scenic
You'll save time if you take the car. NOUN
Thanks for your help - it saved me a lot of work. FILM/BOOK, ETC.
Learner example: [C] a short part of a film, play, or book in which the events
More and more people choose to travel by car, because it happen in one place
saves a lot of time comp[ared] to travelling by public Dictionary examples:
transport. the funeral/wedding scene
MAKE SAFE Juliet dies in Act IV, Scene iii.
[T] to stop someone or something from being killed, injured Learner example:
or destroyed If you haven't seen any of th[ese] three "Star Wars" movies,
Dictionary examples: I suggest you do see them tonight or tomorrow. They are
Wearing seat belts has saved many lives. great, with [a] lot of action scenes.
He fell in the river but his friend saved him from drowning.
He had to borrow money to save his business. scenery /ˈsiː.nər.i/
He was desperately trying to save their failing marriage.
We all need to do our bit to save the planet. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: scene, scenery
We watched a movie called "Men in Black II" and it was Adjectives: scenic
about two guys that save the world from alien attacks. NOUN [U]
the attractive, natural things that you see in the
say /seɪ/ countryside
Dictionary examples:
VERB [T] (said, said) beautiful/breathtaking/spectacular scenery
TELL They stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery.
to tell someone about a fact, thought, or opinion Learner example:
Dictionary examples: If I were you, I'[d] go [to] the countryside because it's
Did she say where she was going? peaceful, quiet, and the scenery is wonderful.
Officials refused to say what had happened.
What did they say about the house? science /saɪənts/
The doctors say (that) it will take him a few weeks to
recover. Word family:
She didn't say whether she was coming or not. Nouns: science, scientist
"Who do you think will get the job?" "I'd rather not say." Adjectives: scientific
What are you saying, exactly ? Adverbs: scientifically
Learner example: NOUN
Dear Mary, You asked me in your last letter about my TYPE
bedroom. There aren't a lot of things to say about it, it is [C or U] a particular type of science
quite small but nice. Dictionary examples:
GIVE INFORMATION computer science
to give information in writing, numbers or signs Chemistry, physics, and biology are all sciences.
Dictionary examples: advances in medical science
My watch says 3 o'clock. Learner example:
Can you read what that notice says? In my class, there were 15 girls and 15 boys, who were
It says in the paper (that) they've found the man who did studying computer science with me, so I knew everybody.
it.
It says on the bottle to take three tablets a day. science fiction /ˌsaɪəntsˈfɪk.ʃən/
Learner example:
Well yesterday I was reading a new fashion magazine. It NOUN [U]
says that this summer the best clothes to wear are skirts stories about life in the future or in other parts of the
with different colours! universe
THINK Dictionary example:
to think or believe She is a well-known science fiction writer.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
People/They say (that) he's over 100. Also, I like to watch fantasy and science fiction films.
"It's going to be a very hot summer." "So they say."
She is a firm leader, too firm, some might say. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪf.ɪk/
Learner example:
People say that it never rains here. Word family:
Nouns: science, scientist
scared /skeəd/ Adjectives: scientific
Adverbs: scientifically
Word family: ADJECTIVE
Verbs: scare relating to science, or using the organized methods of
Adjectives: scared, scary science
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
frightened or worried a scientific discovery/experiment/theory
Dictionary examples: scientific evidence/research
He's scared of spiders. The project has attracted considerable criticism from the
He's scared to tell her what really happened. scientific community.
I was scared (that) you might not be there. Learner example:
I was scared stiff. I like programmes about sport and scientific discover[ie]s.
She had a scared look on her face.
Learner example: scientist /ˈsaɪən.tɪst/
When I came for [the] first time to my new English class I
was a little bit scared. Word family:
Nouns: science, scientist
scary /ˈskeə.ri/ Adjectives: scientific
Adverbs: scientifically
Word family: NOUN [C]
Verbs: scare someone who studies science or works in science
Adjectives: scared, scary Dictionary example:
ADJECTIVE Scientists are working to create a vaccine for the disease.
INFORMAL frightening Learner example:
Dictionary example: NASA admitted yesterday they will send a group of highly
a scary movie/story trained scientists to Mars in the next two years.
Learner example:

147
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

score /skɔːr/ Before you had to go to a lib[r]ary to finish [your]

homework. Now, we just search on the internet.
VERB [I or T] NOUN
to get points in a game or test TRY TO FIND
Dictionary examples: [C] when you try to find someone or something
He scored just before half-time to put Liverpool 2-1 ahead. Dictionary examples:
In American football, a touchdown scores six points. After a long search, they eventually found the missing
She scored 18 out of 20 in the spelling test. papers.
Learner example: The police carried out/conducted/made a thorough
I almost scored an own goal. search of the house, but they failed to find any drugs.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
the number of points someone gets in a game or test Joshua instantly thought it could be a bomb, so he
Dictionary examples: organized a search all over the airport.
a high/low score USE COMPUTER
What's the score? [C] when you use a computer to find information, especially
At half time, the score stood at two all. on the Internet
The final score was 3-0. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Why not do a search on Google for hotels in the area?
We took 4 or 5 exams that day and my friend, Erick and I We're doing a computer search for all words beginning
studied all night to get the best scores. with 'high'.
Learner example:
scream /skriːm/ But I think you shouldn't ask me, the best thing is [a]
search on the internet, so you can see the photos and
VERB [I or T] choose the option you like mo[st].
to make a loud, high noise with your voice, or to shout
something in a loud, high voice because you are afraid, season /ˈsiː.zən/
hurt, or angry
Dictionary examples: Word family:
A spider landed on her pillow and she screamed. Nouns: season
Through the smoke, the rescuers could hear people Adjectives: seasonal
screaming for help. NOUN [C]
He was screaming in/with pain and begging for PART OF YEAR
anaesthetic. one of the four periods of the year: spring, summer, autumn
They screamed with laughter at her jokes. or winter
Ken screamed (out) a warning telling people to get out of Dictionary example:
the way. Learner example:
I've never found screaming at my staff to be very effective. But summer in Poland is as wonderful [a] season as winter!
"I wish you were dead!" she screamed. FOR PARTICULAR EVENT
Learner example: a period of the year when a particular thing happens
I opened the door and screamed - in front of me was a man Dictionary examples:
standing with [his] hands covered in blood. How long does the dry/hurricane/wet season last?
NOUN [C] The British football season begins in August and ends in
when someone screams May.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
We heard screams coming from their apartment. Once they had finished, Peter kissed his parents and
Learner example: started his journey [on] foot heading towards the stadium,
Last night, I was cooking and dad was watching tv when, to play the first game of the season.
suddenly I heard a scream.
second /ˈsek.ənd/
sculpture /ˈskʌlp.tʃər/
Word family:
NOUN [C or U] Adjectives: secondary
a piece of art that is made from stone, wood, clay, etc., or Adverbs: secondly
the process of making objects like this ORDINAL NUMBER; DETERMINER
Dictionary examples: ANOTHER
a wooden sculpture another
modern sculpture Dictionary examples:
Tom teaches sculpture at the local art school. She is often described as the second Marilyn Monroe.
The museum has several life-sized sculptures of people and You really ought to make the most of the opportunity,
animals. because you won't get a second chance.
Learner example: Richard and Liz have a second home in France.
But if you have time, you must visit some cities, like Rome Pay attention to what she's saying because she won't
or Florence, because there are many explain it a second time.
historical buildings and museums, with the most important Learner example:
sculptures and pictures [by] famous artist[s] like I started my new English class last week. I had just
Michelangelo or Raffaello. finish[ed] my course and that was [a] second chance for me
to pick up words so I gave it a go.
search /sɜːtʃ/ ONLY ONE BETTER/BIGGER, ETC.
Second is used to show that only one thing is better, bigger,
VERB etc. than the thing mentioned.
TRY TO FIND Dictionary examples:
[I or T] to try to find someone or something St Petersburg is Russia's second (biggest/largest) city.
Dictionary examples: Iraq's oil reserves are second only to Saudi Arabia's.
I've searched my bedroom but I can't find my watch. The conditions that these prisoners are kept in are second
He searched in his pockets for some change. to none.
Police are still searching the woods for the missing girl. Learner example:
He searched (in/through) his pockets for some change. Joao Pessoa is the second green[est] city in the world.
I've searched high and low , but I can't find my birth ADVERB
certificate. IN ORDER
The detectives searched the house from top to bottom, after one other person or thing in order or importance
but they found no sign of the stolen Dictionary example:
goods. She didn't win the race, but she did come second.
Learner example: Learner example:
He searched the whole bank but could not find it. [O]n the other hand, New Zealand came second [for] senior
USE COMPUTER government.
[I or T] to use a computer to find information, especially on NOUN [C]
the Internet VERY SHORT PERIOD
Dictionary example: INFORMAL a very short period of time
I searched the Internet to find the best prices for flights to Dictionary examples:
Barcelona. "Come on, hurry up!" "I'll just/only be a second - I've got to
Learner example: lock the back door."

148
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Have you got a second, Paul? I'd like to have a word with Then in the evening we'll come to her house secretly. Of
you. course, we should tell her mom everything about this plan.
It won't take a second .
Wait a couple of/a few seconds before trying again. section /ˈsek.ʃən/
Learner example:
A few seconds later, a huge tree beside my house fell down NOUN [C]
and destroyed most of my house. one of the parts that something is divided into
Dictionary examples:
secondary /ˈsek.ən.dri/ a non-smoking section in a restaurant
the sports section of the newspaper
Word family: the tail section of an aircraft
Adjectives: secondary The poorest sections of the community have much worse
Adverbs: secondly health.
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] Learner example:
relating to the education of children approximately between It has two floor[s] and is divided into sections, one that is a
the ages of 11 and 18 years old [general] restaurant and one for vegetarian people.
Dictionary examples:
secondary education security /sɪˈkjʊə.rə.ti/
Marcus has just started at secondary school.
Learner example: Word family:
He is studying at secondary school. Nouns: security, insecurity
Adjectives: secure, insecure
secondary school /ˈsek.ən.dər.iˌskuːl/ NOUN [U]
PROTECTION
NOUN [C] protection of a person, building, organization or country
a school for students aged between 11 and 18 against threats such as crime or attacks by foreign
Dictionary example: countries
My children are both at secondary school now. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: The station was closed for two hours because of a security
They said they chose our school because we are one of the alert.
best secondary schools [in] Mexico City. Can you believe Thirty demonstrators were killed in clashes with the
that!? security forces over the weekend.
The tighter security measures/precautions include video
second-hand /ˌsek.əndˈhænd/ cameras in the city centre.
The students were deported because they posed a threat to
ADJECTIVE; ADVERB national security.
If something is second-hand, someone else owned or used The proposed national identity card system would help to
it before you. tighten security against fraud.
Dictionary examples: The most dangerous criminals are held in maximum-
second-hand books/clothes security prisons.
She buys a lot of clothes second-hand. Learner example:
Learner example: It's about a man that is cloned by a computer and he has to
Personally, I only buy second-hand clothes because in escape from a maximum security jail, it's an action [film].
second-hand shops, I really like discover[ing] rare things
and funny clothes from the 60s or 70s. see /siː/ (seeing, saw, seen)

secret /ˈsiː.krət/ VERB

UNDERSTAND
Word family: [I or T] to understand something
Nouns: secret Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: secret I see (that) the social club is organising a theatre trip next
Adverbs: secretly month.
NOUN I see what you mean.
NOT TELL They didn't see the need/any need to notify their
[C] something that you tell no one about or only a few members of the changes in writing.
people I was surprised that they couldn't see my point of view.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
I'm having a party for him but it's a secret. Do you see what I mean?
Can you keep a secret?
A close couple should have no secrets from each other. seem /siːm/
Aren't you going to let me in on the secret?
She makes no secret of her dislike of her father. Word family:
That restaurant is one of the best-kept secrets in London. Verbs: seem
Learner example: Adverbs: seemingly
I told her everything, she knew all my secrets but she never VERB
told me her secrets. seem happy/a nice person, etc.
ADJECTIVE to appear to be a particular thing or to have a particular
If something is secret, other people are not allowed to know quality
about it. Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: She seemed happy enough.
The President escaped through a secret passage My new boss seems like a really nice person.
underneath the parliament building. Learner example:
This is top secret information. She seemed very friendly.
Do you think we'll manage to keep the surprise party seem like/as if/to, etc.
secret from Mum until her birthday? to appear to be a particular thing or to have a particular
Learner example: quality
The secret admirer was the guy I liked! Dictionary examples:
It seemed like a good idea at the time.
secretly /ˈsiː.krət.li/ The graphics were so good that the people seemed as if
they were real.
Word family: There doesn't seem to be any real solution.
Nouns: secret I seem to know more about him than anyone else.
Adjectives: secret Learner example:
Adverbs: secretly I spent four cold days in the mountain[s] and it seemed like
ADVERB winter despite being summer!
without allowing other people to know
Dictionary examples: select /səˈlekt/
She said she didn't care about it, but I believe she was
secretly delighted. Word family:
He was convicted on the evidence of secretly recorded Nouns: selection
telephone conversations. Verbs: select
Learner example: Adjectives: selective

149
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

VERB [T] the ability to understand funny things and to be funny

to choose someone or something from a group yourself
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could Carol has a wicked sense of humour.
select one of them. Learner example:
A mouse is a device which makes it easier to select Most of them have an incredible sense of humour so we
different options from computer menus. laugh a lot when we go there.
How do you select people for promotion?
He was selected to play for Australia at the age of only 18. sensible /ˈsent.sə.bl̩/
The supermarket's policy is to select out the best fruit and
discard the rest. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: nonsense, sense, sensibility
I've been selected to play on the school football team and Verbs: sense
we've got a match tomorrow. Adjectives: sensible, senseless
Adverbs: sensibly
selfish /ˈsel.fɪʃ/ ADJECTIVE
showing good judgment
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: selfishness a sensible answer/approach/choice/option
Adjectives: selfish a sensible person
ADJECTIVE DISAPPROVING I think the sensible thing to do is phone before you go and
caring only about yourself and not other people ask for directions.
Dictionary examples: It would be sensible to take an umbrella.
It's very selfish of him to go away every weekend. Learner example:
The judge told him: "Your attitude shows a selfish disregard I know it sounds strange but there's a sensible reason:
for others." money talks.
Learner example:
I found this sport very interesting, because you have to play separate /ˈsep.ər.ət/
in a team so you must not be selfish, you have to change
your spirit. Word family:
Nouns: separation
self-service /ˌselfˈsɜː.vɪs/ Verbs: separate
Adjectives: separate, inseparable
Word family: Adverbs: separately
Nouns: servant, service ADJECTIVE
Verbs: serve NOT JOINED
Adjectives: self-service not joined or touching anything else
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
A self-service restaurant or shop is one in which you serve a separate compartment
yourself and are not served by the people who work there. I try to keep meat separate from other food in the fridge.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
It was a cheap, self-service restaurant. But there was no choice, as all my friends that did go were
Learner example: already in separate rooms.
I went to have lunch in a self-service restaurant and in the DIFFERENT
afternoon I continued my visit. different or new
Dictionary examples:
seller /ˈsel.ər/ Use a separate sheet of paper.
The art department and the main college are in two
Word family: separate buildings.
Nouns: seller Learner example:
Verbs: sell Yesterday I bought a lot [of] presents, so I needed a
NOUN [C] separate suitcase.
someone who sells something
Dictionary examples: series /ˈsɪə.riz/ (PLURAL series)
flower/newspaper/souvenir sellers
Do you think the seller will accept £96 000 for the house? NOUN [C]
Learner example: BROADCASTS
It was then my mother remembered a toy seller had been a group of television or radio programmes that have the
selling toys in the place where we had same main characters or deal with the same subject
been waiting in the station and that our suitcase[s] must Dictionary examples:
have got mixed up. The footballer Paul Gascoigne is to host a Channel 4
television series on soccer skills.
send /send/ (sent, sent) a comedy series
VERB [T] I missed the second episode of the series so I don't know
send sth back or send back sth PHRASAL VERB what's going on now.
to return something to the person who sent it to you, Learner example:
especially because it is damaged or not suitable I like television series like Smallville.
Dictionary example:
I had to send the shirt back because it didn't fit me. serious /ˈsɪə.ri.əs/
Learner example:
I usual[l]y order my clothes [on the] Internet. It's fast, easy Word family:
and you don't have any problems send[ing] them back if Adjectives: serious
they don't fit. Adverbs: seriously
ADJECTIVE
sense /sents/ BAD
A serious problem or situation is bad and makes people
Word family: worry.
Nouns: nonsense, sense, sensibility Dictionary examples:
Verbs: sense a serious illness
Adjectives: sensible, senseless There were no reports of serious injuries.
Adverbs: sensibly The new tax regulations have landed some of the smaller
NOUN companies in serious trouble.
FEELING A shortage of space has become a serious problem in a lot
[NO PLURAL] a feeling or understanding about yourself or of schools.
about a situation He's been taken to hospital where his condition is described
Dictionary examples: as serious but stable.
Did you get any sense of what they might do? Learner example:
Living out in the country gave us a great sense of freedom. As you know I have got [a] serious problem [with] my eyes.
Learner example: NOT JOKING
I like to see how people fight for the pri[z]e. I like this sense not joking or intended to be funny
of compet[it]ion that only sport give[s]! Dictionary examples:
a sense of humour Please don't laugh - I'm being serious.

150
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

He was wearing a very serious expression and I knew Learner example:

something was wrong. Last week we had the normal two training sessions and a
On the surface it's a very funny novel but it does have a game against another club.
more serious underlying theme.
Is she serious about going to live abroad? set /set/
Learner example:
We are taught how to act in both comic and serious parts. Word family:
PERSON Nouns: setting
A serious person does not laugh often. Verbs: set
Dictionary example: VERB (setting, set, set)
I remember her as a very serious child. STORY/FILM
Learner example: [T USUALLY PASSIVE] If a story, film, etc. is set in a
Well, the new teacher is very serious, but this is ok. particular time or place, the action in it happens in that
time or place.
seriously /ˈsɪə.ri.ə.sli/ Dictionary example:
'West Side Story' is set in New York in the late 1950s.
Word family: Learner example:
Adjectives: serious It was an adventure story and I liked it a lot because it was
Adverbs: seriously set in Australia.
ADVERB set a date/time (for sth)
BADLY [T] to fix a date or time for something
badly or severely Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Juan and Maria have set a date for their wedding - it's going
seriously ill/worried to be on August 31.
He wasn't seriously injured - he just got a few cuts and Has a time been set for the meeting yet?
bruises. Learner example:
Learner example: I'm going to miss your class tomor[r]ow, but we can set a
She is seriously ill with cancer. date to cover the work on.
SUN
serve /sɜːv/ [I] When the sun sets, it moves down in the sky until it
cannot be seen.
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: servant, service The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
Verbs: serve Learner example:
Adjectives: self-service I loved the thin fog before the sun set.
VERB
SHOP sew /səʊ/ (sewed, sewn or sewed)
[T] to help customers and sell things to them in a shop
Dictionary example: Word family:
Are you being served? Nouns: sewing
Learner example: Verbs: sew
I also learnt a lot about how to serve c[u]st[o]mers and how VERB [I or T]
to use a till. to make or repair clothes by joining pieces of cloth using a
needle and thread
server /ˈsɜː.vər/ Dictionary examples:
My grandmother taught me to sew.
NOUN [C] I made this skirt just by sewing two pieces of material
SPECIALIZED a central computer from which other together.
computers get information She sews all her children's clothes.
Dictionary example: He sewed the badge neatly onto his uniform.
a network/file server Learner example:
Learner example: Well, I used to sew my clothes on my own.
It was my boss, [who] said "I'm in Australia, and I can't read
my e-mail, the server at work crashed.
shade /ʃeɪd/
service /ˈsɜː.vɪs/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: shade, shadow
Nouns: servant, service NOUN
Verbs: serve NO SUN
Adjectives: self-service [U] an area where there is no light from the sun and so it is
NOUN darker and not as hot
PUBLIC NEED Dictionary examples:
[C or U] a system or organization that provides something I'd prefer to sit in the shade.
that people need The sun was hot, and there were no trees to offer us shade.
Dictionary examples: The children played in/under the shade of a large beach
the ambulance/health/postal/prison service umbrella.
They provide a free bus service from the station. Learner example:
We hope to be operating a normal service as soon as The shade from huge trees kept me cool and fresh.
possible.
Learner example: shadow /ˈʃæd.əʊ/
I told him to phone the after-sales service.
DEALING WITH CUSTOMER Word family:
[U] when people help you and bring you things in a place Nouns: shade, shadow
such as a shop, NOUN [C or U]
restaurant, or hotel NO LIGHT
Dictionary example: a dark area made by something that is stopping the light
The only trouble with this café is that the service is so slow. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: The tree had cast a long shadow.
I think the Cinemark is the best cinema because it has good The children were playing, jumping on each other's
service and it is cheap. shadows.
Jamie followed his mother around all day like a shadow.
session /ˈseʃ.ən/ This corner of the room is always in shadow.
Learner example:
NOUN [C] Suddenly I saw a shadow and as I turned over I noticed that
a period of time or a meeting arranged for a particular something was moving in the trees.
activity
Dictionary examples: shake /ʃeɪk/
The 21-year-old runner twisted his ankle in a training
session last Friday. Word family:
As the heads of state gathered, the press were allowed in Verbs: shake
for a photo session. Adjectives: shaken

151
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

VERB (shook, shaken)

SMALL MOVEMENTS sharp /ʃɑːp/
[I or T] to move backwards and forwards or up and down in
quick, short movements, Word family:
or to make something or someone do this Verbs: sharpen
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: sharp
A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook the Adverbs: sharply, sharp
branches so that the fruit fell down. ADJECTIVE
Babies like toys that make a noise when they're shaken. ABLE TO CUT
The explosion shook buildings for miles around. having a very thin or pointed edge that can cut things
She shook her hair loose from its ribbon. Dictionary examples:
Every time one of these big trucks goes through the village, a sharp knife
all the houses shake. sharp teeth/claws/fingernails
Learner example: The point of this pencil isn't sharp enough.
Every time I got closer to her, my body started to shake a Learner example:
lot. My heart was broken by a knife, a sharp, hot knife, but I
shake hands don't feel pain, I don't feel anything, I just want to die and
to hold someone's hand and move it up and down when you forget about everything.
meet them for the first time, or when you make an
agreement with them shave /ʃeɪv/
Dictionary examples:
The two leaders smiled and shook hands for the VERB [I or T]
photographers. to cut hair off your face or body with a razor
I shook hands with him. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: John has to shave twice a day.
I felt embarras[s]ed when all my friends thought they were I always shave my legs in the bath.
my friends, so [they] all sh[ook] hands with them ex[c]ept Do you shave under your arms?
me. When my dad shaved his beard (off), he looked ten years
younger.
shall /ʃæl/ Learner example:
The other men shave the man who is getting married.
MODAL VERB
I/we shall... sheet /ʃiːt/
FORMAL used to say what you are going to do in the future
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
I shall be talking to her tomorrow. FOR BED
I shan't forget to tell them. a large piece of cloth put on a bed to lie on or under
I shall look forward to meeting you next week. Dictionary example:
So we'll see you at the weekend, shall we? I've put clean sheets on the bed.
Learner example: Learner example:
I shall make sure that the work I miss is completed by I have a big bed with silk sheets.
borrowing my friend's notes.
shine /ʃaɪn/
shape /ʃeɪp/
Word family:
NOUN [C or U] Verbs: shine
PHYSICAL FORM Adjectives: shiny
the physical form of something made by the line around its VERB (shone or shined, shone or shined)
outer edge PRODUCE LIGHT
Dictionary examples: [I] to produce bright light
a circular/rectangular shape Dictionary examples:
You can recognize trees by the shape of their leaves. The sun was shining brightly through the window.
Very few people are really happy with their body shape. Is that light shining in your eyes?
These bricks are all different shapes. Learner example:
Kim's birthday cake was in the shape of a train. The weather was good and the sun was shining.
My bicycle wheel has got bent out of shape.
This T-shirt has been washed so many times that it's lost shiny /ˈʃaɪ.ni/
its shape.
A triangle is a shape with three sides. Word family:
Learner example: Verbs: shine
Well, it looks like yours, you know, the same size and Adjectives: shiny
shape. ADJECTIVE
A shiny surface is bright because it reflects light.
share /ʃeər/ Dictionary examples:
beautiful shiny hair
VERB [I or T] shiny black shoes
FEELING/EXPERIENCE, ETC. a shiny silver dollar
If two or more people or things share a feeling, quality or Learner example:
experience, they both or I prefer shiny tops and blue trousers.
all have the same feeling, quality or experience.
Dictionary examples: shock /ʃɒk/
We share an interest in sailing.
All hospitals share some common characteristics. Word family:
I don't share your views/beliefs. Nouns: shock
Management and the union both share in the responsibility Verbs: shock
for the crisis. Adjectives: shocked, shocking
She knew that he was the person she wanted to share her NOUN
life with. SURPRISE
Learner example: [C or U] a big, unpleasant surprise
Her name is Gulia and I met her at the University. She is Dictionary examples:
very nice, and we share many interests, so we gave each We got a nasty shock when he gave us the bill.
other our phone numbers. Her death came as a terrible shock to him.
They are still in shock from the accident.
shark /ʃɑːk/ Learner example:
I was in shock. I read the letter again and again, the last
NOUN [C] part of the text said 'Don't forget'.
a large fish with very sharp teeth
Dictionary examples: shocked /ʃɒkt/
a great white shark
The movie 'Jaws' is about a man-eating shark. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: shock
By the way, this ocean was full of sharks, our guide said. Verbs: shock

152
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Adjectives: shocked, shocking to be short of space/time

ADJECTIVE We're a bit short of coffee - I must get some more.
very surprised and upset Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Because I was short of money, I [said] yes.
After his announcement, there was shocked silence.
We were shocked to see smoke pouring out of the roof. shortly /ˈʃɔːt.li/
Learner example:
I was surprised and shocked. Word family:
Nouns: shortage, short
shocking /ˈʃɒk.ɪŋ/ Verbs: shorten
Adjectives: short
Word family: Adverbs: shortly, short
Nouns: shock ADVERB
Verbs: shock shortly afterwards; shortly after/before sth
Adjectives: shocked, shocking a short time after or before something
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
offensive, upsetting or immoral I got home at midnight and James arrived shortly
Dictionary examples: afterwards.
The sex scenes in the book were considered very shocking Shortly after you left, a man came into the office looking for
at the time when it was published. you.
There are few crimes more truly shocking than the murder Learner example:
or abuse of children. Shortly afterwards, the door bell rang.
Learner example:
The news was shocking but at the same time this fact will should /ʃʊd/
change our life.
MODAL VERB
shoot /ʃuːt/ BEST
used to say or ask what is the correct or best thing to do
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: shooting "Should I apologize to him?"
Verbs: shoot Where should we meet tonight?
VERB (shot, shot) There should be an investigation into the cause of the
WEAPON disaster.
! [I or T] to injure or kill a person or animal by firing a bullet I should have written to her but I haven't had any time.
from a gun at them It's getting cold in here. Should I turn the heat up?
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
If he's not armed, don't shoot. Should I call the police?
The kids were shooting arrows at a target. PROBABLE
She was shot three times in the head. used to say that you expect something to be true or that
A policeman was shot dead in the city centre last night. you expect something to happen
The troops were told to shoot to kill. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: My dry cleaning should be ready this afternoon.
We really had a good time, but when we were coming back If you follow these directions, you shouldn’t have any
home a man, whose a face I couldn't see, shot Ana and she trouble finding our house.
fell down on the street. I wonder what's happened to Annie. She should be here by
SPORT now.
[I] to try to score points in sports such as football by That should be enough food for five people.
hitting, kicking, or throwing the ball towards the goal Learner example:
Dictionary example: I have invite[d] all his friends, [so] we should be 28 people.
He shot from the middle of the field and still managed to
score. shoulder /ˈʃəʊl.dər/
Learner example:
A[fter] I shot my first goal for this team they started to talk NOUN [C]
to me. BODY
one of the two parts of your body where your arms join your
shop /ʃɒp/ neck
Dictionary examples:
Word family: I rested my head on her shoulder.
Nouns: shop, shopping Then she put her arm round my shoulder and gave me a
Verbs: shop kiss.
VERB [I] (-pp-) She glanced nervously over her shoulder to make sure no
to buy things in shops one else was listening.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
I like to shop at Harrods for clothes. The name of the movie was Ghost ship. It was a horror
If I'm just shopping for food, I tend to go to the local movie but it was so boring [that] she slept on my shoulder.
supermarket.
Learner example: shout /ʃaʊt/
I'd like to go out with you to shop [for] clothes.
NOUN [C]
shore /ʃɔːr/ when you say something very loudly or make a very loud
sound with your voice
NOUN [C or U] Dictionary examples:
the area of land along the edge of the sea or a lake He heard an angry shout.
Dictionary examples: shouts of anger
You can walk for miles along the shore. Learner example:
The boat was about a mile from/off (the) shore when the The only noise we could hear was the shouts of the hero[e]s
engine suddenly died. fighting with terrible monsters coming from space...
Learner example:
We were on the fourth floor, where you can see the se[a] show /ʃəʊ/
shore and also the mountains behind.
VERB (showed, shown)
short /ʃɔːt/ GIVE INFORMATION
[T] to give information in a book, on a website, on a piece
Word family: of equipment, etc.
Nouns: shortage, short Dictionary examples:
Verbs: shorten The pictures show two types of holiday. Talk to your partner
Adjectives: short about which you would prefer and why.
Adverbs: shortly, short The right-hand dial shows the temperature, and the left-
ADJECTIVE hand one shows the air pressure.
be short of sth On this map, urban areas are shown in grey.
to not have enough of something The latest crime figures show a sharp rise in burglaries.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:

153
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Secondly, I'd like to tell you that the website is good, but it Dictionary examples:
does not provide all the information we need, [as] it only I have a small table at/by the side of my bed.
shows the times of the films for that day and they usually He stood at/by her side as she welcomed the guests one by
change at the weekends. one.
show sb what to do/how to do sth Learner example:
to teach someone how to do something by explaining it or Linda is by my side right now and she asks [me to] send
by doing it yourself while they watch you a warm hug.
Dictionary examples:
She showed me how to use the new computer system. sight /saɪt/
Have you shown him what to do?
Learner example: NOUN
Before the performance I introduced the spectators to their ABILITY TO SEE
seats and then a[n] instructor showed me how to [operate] [U] the ability to see
the spotlights. Dictionary examples:
If your sight is poor, you should not drive a car.
shower /ʃaʊər/ The old woman has lost her sight.
Learner example:
NOUN [C] She had lost her sight although doctors didn't know if it was
RAIN forever.
a short period of rain the sights
Dictionary examples: places of interest, especially to visitors
You're soaked! Did you get caught in the shower? Dictionary example:
There will be thundery/wintry showers over many parts of We spent a fortnight in Rome looking at all the sights.
the country. Learner example:
Learner example: I have many plans, I want to show you all [the] remarkable
Well the weather was really good during the morning [but] sights in Georgia.
[there were] some showers during the afternoon.
sign /saɪn/
shut /ʃʌt/
NOUN [C]
VERB [I or T] (shutting, shut, shut) SHOWING
shut (sth) down or shut down (sth) PHRASAL VERB something which shows that something is happening or
If a computer or machine shuts down or someone shuts it that it exists or is true
down, it stops Dictionary examples:
operating. Flowers are the first sign of Spring.
Dictionary examples: His inability to handle the situation is a sure sign of
Make sure you shut down your computer before you leave. weakness.
The crew shut down the right-hand engine of the aircraft. The fact that he's eating more is a sign that he's feeling
Learner example: better.
I was as happy as a lark. I shut down the computer and I There's no sign of progress with the building work.
called my m[u]m to tell her about the good news. Billy's work at school has shown signs of improvement this
ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN] year.
CLOSED There is every sign that the worst is over.
closed Learner example:
Dictionary example: The bride and the groom meet at the church because it's a
I suspected something was wrong when I noticed her bad sign if the groom sees the bride before the ceremony.
curtains were still shut at lunchtime. BODY MOVEMENT
NOT SERVING a movement you make to give someone information or tell
(closed) When a shop, restaurant, etc. is shut, it has them what to do
stopped serving customers and does not allow people to Dictionary examples:
enter it. She pointed to her watch as a sign that it was getting late
Dictionary example: and she wanted to leave.
The post office will be shut now. She made/gave a sign to her husband to stop talking.
Learner example: The priest made the sign of the cross when he entered
On the advertis[e]ment it also said you could visit [the] the church.
restaurant after the show, and that is what I did, but when I Learner example:
got there it was shut for no reason. She looked at Paul and made a strange sign with her
fingers.
shy /ʃaɪ/ VERB [I or T]
to write your name on something to show that you
Word family: wrote/painted, etc. it or to show that you agree to it
Nouns: shyness Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: shy to sign a letter/form/cheque/contract/agreement
ADJECTIVE (shyer, shyest) Sign here, please.
not confident, especially about meeting or talking to new He signed his name at the end of the letter.
people He signed himself 'Mark Taylor'.
Dictionary examples: She said the painting was by Picasso, but it wasn't signed.
He was too shy to ask her to dance with him. Learner example:
She gave a shy smile. It was signed "Fat Boy".
Children are often shy of/with people they don't know.
The deer were shy and hid behind some trees. signature /ˈsɪg.nə.tʃər/
Learner example:
I was a little shy at first, but I ended up talking too much! NOUN [C]
your name written by yourself, always in the same way,
sick /sɪk/ usually to show that something has been written or agreed
by you
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: sickness Please put your signature in this box.
Adjectives: sick Learner example:
ADJECTIVE I thought it was a joke but when I saw the signature I knew
be sick it was for real.
to vomit
Dictionary example: signpost /ˈsaɪn.pəʊst/
She was sick after she ate too much chocolate.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
I feel a little sick and I don't want to be sick in your lesson. a sign by the side of the road that gives information about
routes and distances
side /saɪd/ Dictionary example:
Look out for the signpost to the airport.
NOUN Learner example:
NEXT TO There were no signposts and there was no one to ask where
[U] the area next to something he could find a place to stay.

154
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

plain or not complicated

silence /ˈsaɪ.lənts/ Dictionary examples:
a simple life
Word family: a simple black dress
Nouns: silence We had a simple meal of bread and cheese.
Adjectives: silent Learner example:
Adverbs: silently You can eat simple food and drink good local wine.
NOUN
NO SOUND since /sɪnts/
[U] when there is no sound
Dictionary examples: CONJUNCTION
The three men ate in silence. TIME
A loud crash of thunder broke the silence of the night. from a time in the past until a later time or until now
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I suppose that you want to relax [o]n your holiday and so I He's been much happier since he started his new job.
suggest you visit the Alps - [some] beautiful countryside I've known Tim since he was seven.
where you can relax, walk and enjoy the silence and nature. Learner example:
I was really surprised when I read the e-mail because I
silent /ˈsaɪ.lənt/ haven't heard from you since I visited you last year.
BECAUSE
Word family: because
Nouns: silence Dictionary example:
Adjectives: silent Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let's
Adverbs: silently have a cup of coffee.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
QUIET Since my mother has surgery tomorrow, I will not [be able
without any sound to] come to your class.
Dictionary example:
The empty house was completely silent. sincerely /sɪnˈsɪə.li/
Learner example:
The countryside, like Chianti, is peaceful and silent. Word family:
Nouns: sincerity
silk /sɪlk/ Adjectives: sincere
Adverbs: sincerely
NOUN [U] ADVERB
a type of cloth which is light and smooth Yours sincerely
Dictionary examples: FORMAL used at the end of formal letters where you know
a silk dress the name of the person you are writing to
a silk shirt Dictionary example:
Learner example: Yours sincerely, Emma Clarke.
Normally, I would prefer my blouses to be made of cotton or Learner example:
silk, as these materials make me [feel] comfortable. I'm going to ask Tom for the [work] I will miss. Yours
sincerely,
silly /ˈsɪl.i/
single /ˈsɪŋ.gl̩/
ADJECTIVE
LITTLE THOUGHT ADJECTIVE
showing little thought or judgment single ticket
Dictionary examples: a single ticket takes you to a place, but not back again
Don't do that, you silly boy! Dictionary example:
a silly mistake I've only got a single ticket.
It was silly of you to go out in the sun without a hat. Learner example:
I feel silly in this dress. Suddenly I was asked to show my single ticket.
Learner example: single parent
They had some very silly games. someone who has a child or children, but no wife, husband
UNIMPORTANT or partner living with them
small and not important Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: Many single parents find it difficult to get a job.
She gets upset over such silly things. The number of single-parent families dependent on the
Learner example: state has risen enormously in recent years.
Pe[o]ple are so worried about silly things, about how to Learner example:
make money or how to be popular and they forget about She's a single parent, with 3 children from Australia but
what really matters. she's gorgeous.
every single
similar /ˈsɪm.ɪ.lər/ used to emphasize that you are talking about each one of a
group or series
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: similarity I call him every single day.
Adjectives: similar The decision affected every single one of them.
Adverbs: similarly Learner example:
ADJECTIVE But we used to play together every single day!
If something or someone is similar to another thing or NOUN [C]
person, they have many things the same, although they are a ticket for a journey that is from one place to another but
not exactly the same. not back again
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
My father and I have similar views on politics. Could I have a single to Edinburgh, please?
I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I
had before. sink /sɪŋk/
Paul is very similar in appearance to his brother.
Learner example: VERB (sank, sunk)
I can understand how you are feeling because at our age, GO DOWN BELOW
every teenager has similar problems. [I or T] to go down or make something go down below the
surface of water or a soft substance and not come back up
simple /ˈsɪm.pl̩/ Dictionary examples:
The Titanic was a passenger ship which sank to the bottom
Word family: of the ocean in 1912.
Nouns: simplicity, simplification The legs of the garden chair sank into the soft ground.
Verbs: simplify Enemy aircraft sank two battleships.
Adjectives: simple The dog sank its teeth into the ball and ran off with it.
Adverbs: simply Learner example:
ADJECTIVE They w[ere] travelling on the very big ship called "Titanic",
NOT COMPLICATED [and] the ship sank.

155
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

There're two very good places where we can ski, and they
sir /sɜːr/ FORMAL aren't crowded!

NOUN skill /skɪl/

FORM OF ADDRESS
used as a formal and polite way of speaking to a man, Word family:
especially one who you are Nouns: skill
providing a service to or who is in a position of authority Adjectives: skilful, skilled
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C or U]
Would you like to see the menu, sir? an ability to do an activity or job well, especially because
"Did you hear what I said?" "Yes, sir." you have practised it
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Suddenly, the man with the hat, sunglasses, and mask Ruth had/possessed great writing skills.
came to me and sa[id] "sir, what is your name?" I have no skill at/in sewing.
Learner example:
site /saɪt/ I want to improve my listening and speaking skills.

NOUN [C] skin /skɪn/

PLACE
a place where something is, was, or will be built, or where NOUN [C or U]
something happened, is happening, or will happen BODY
Dictionary examples: the outer layer of a person or animal's body
a building site Dictionary examples:
The council haven't yet chosen the site for the new dark/fair skin
hospital. skin cancer
This is the site of the accident. Babies have soft skins.
Learner example: Learner example:
I work as a civil engineer on a site. She's got blue eyes and fair skin.

situated /ˈsɪt.ju.eɪ.tɪd/ sleep /sliːp/

Word family: Word family:

Nouns: situation Nouns: sleep
Adjectives: situated Verbs: sleep
ADJECTIVE Adjectives: asleep, sleepy, sleepless
be situated in/on/by, etc. NOUN
to be in a particular place NOT AWAKE
Dictionary example: [U] the resting state in which the body is not active and the
The hotel is situated by Lake Garda. mind is unconscious
Learner example: Dictionary example:
The restaurant is situated beside a river to make it even I must get some sleep - I'm exhausted.
more wonderful. Learner example:
After that, I was very tired and went home to get some
situation /ˌsɪt.juˈeɪ.ʃən/ sleep.
get/go to sleep
Word family: to succeed in sleeping
Nouns: situation Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: situated I couldn't get to sleep at all last night for worrying.
NOUN [C] You'll find that your baby usually goes to sleep after a feed.
the set of things that are happening and the conditions that Learner example:
exist at a particular time and place Since it's quite hot here I bought a fan, I have to use it at
Dictionary examples: night otherwise I can't get to sleep.
the economic/political situation PERIOD OF SLEEPING
Her news put me in a difficult situation. [C] a period of sleeping
"Would you get involved in a fight?" "It would depend on Dictionary examples:
the situation." You must be tired after all that driving - why don't you
I'll worry about it if/when/as the situation arises. have a little sleep?
Learner example: He fell into a deep sleep.
It was a weird situation. Learner example:
I didn't knew what to do, so I went for a sleep.
skate /skeɪt/
sleepy /ˈsliːp.i/
Word family:
Nouns: skate, skating Word family:
Verbs: skate Nouns: sleep
VERB [I] Verbs: sleep
to move using skates Adjectives: asleep, sleepy, sleepless
Dictionary example: ADJECTIVE
The ice on the river is thick enough to skate TIRED
on/across/over. feeling tired and wanting to go to sleep
Learner example: Dictionary example:
We skated [for] two or three hours. The heat had made me sleepy.
Learner example:
ski /skiː/ I felt sleepy [during] the film, but Yoshie enjoyed [it].

Word family: sleeve /sliːv/

Nouns: ski, skiing
Verbs: ski NOUN [C]
NOUN [C] (PLURAL skis) CLOTHING
one of a pair of long, thin pieces of wood or plastic that you the part of a jacket, shirt, etc. that covers your arm
wear on the bottom of boots to move over snow Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: short/long sleeves
a pair of skis The sleeves are too long for me.
ski boots You'd better roll your sleeves up or you'll get them dirty.
a ski club/resort Learner example:
Learner example: I like the rap trousers and T-shirts with long sleeves.
We stayed one week in a chalet near the ski resort.
VERB [I] (skiing, skied) slip /slɪp/
to move over snow on skis
Dictionary example: Word family:
He skied down the hill. Verbs: slip
Learner example: Adjectives: slippery

156
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

VERB (-pp-) a happy or friendly expression in which the corners of your

SLIDE mouth curve up
[I] to slide by accident and fall or almost fall Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Amy had a big/broad smile on her face.
She slipped on the ice. She has a nice smile.
Careful you don't slip - there's water on the floor. He gave me a smile.
The razor slipped while he was shaving and he cut himself. It's nice to be able to bring a smile to people's faces.
Learner example: Learner example:
But then I slipped and fel[l] down. He has short dark brown hair, green eyes and [a] wonderful
smile.
smart /smɑːt/
smoke /sməʊk/
ADJECTIVE
STYLISH Word family:
having a clean, tidy and stylish appearance Nouns: smoke, smoker, smoking
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: non-smoking, smoky
Guy looks very smart in his new suit, doesn't he? NOUN [U]
I need a smart jacket for my interview. the grey or black gas that is produced when something
She works in a very smart new office overlooking the River burns
Cam. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: cigarette smoke
I don't like smart clothes, but for special days I have [a] a tiny smoke-filled pub
very nice long black skirt. She leaned back thoughtfully and blew a puff of smoke
CLEVER into the air.
intelligent Learner example:
Dictionary examples: The boys I met were smoking a lot!! I hate smoke!
Gemma's teacher says she's one of the smartest kids in the
class. smooth /smuːð/
Why don't you fix it if you're so smart?
I'm not smart enough to understand computers. Word family:
He's smart enough to know he can't run the business Adjectives: smooth
without her. Adverbs: smoothly
Quitting that job was the smartest move I ever made. ADJECTIVE
Learner example: REGULAR SURFACE
He is [a] very kind, smart, and good person, besides, [he] is having a regular surface that has no holes or lumps in it
a good son. Dictionary examples:
soft, smooth skin
smell /smel/ a smooth wooden table
Mix together the butter and sugar until smooth.
VERB (smelled or smelt, smelled or smelt) The road ahead was flat and smooth.
smell of/like; smell delicious/horrible, etc. This cream will help to keep your skin smooth.
to have a particular quality that people notice by using their Learner example:
nose The sand is so smooth and the water is so clean!
Dictionary examples:
I've been cooking, so my hands smell of garlic. snowboard /ˈsnəʊ.bɔːd/
That soup smells delicious - what's in it?
Learner example: Word family:
When [the rain stops,] you can see the trees and flowers Nouns: snowboard, snowboarding
with water on their leaves. And they smell so good! NOUN [C]
USE NOSE a large board that you stand on to move over snow
[T] to notice something by using your nose Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: I hired a snowboard for the day.
Come and smell these flowers! Learner example:
Can you smell something burning? Moreover, I missed my snowboard, so the surfboard, the
Learner example: waves, the sand and the sun were filling this empty place in
You can smell the salt of the sea when you arrive. me.
UNPLEASANT
[I] to have an unpleasant smell so /səʊ/
Dictionary example:
Your running shoes really smell! ADVERB
Learner example: so did we/so have I/so is mine, etc.
Just be car[e]ful, in some places in the countryside it smells used to say that someone else also does something or that
really bad. the same thing is true
NOUN about someone or something else
CHARACTERISTIC Dictionary example:
[C] the quality that something has which you notice by "We saw the new Star Trek movie last night." "Oh, so did
using your nose we."
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
What's your favourite smell? My eyes went watery and so did hers but then we laughed
I love the smell of orange blossom. at each other.
The marketplace was filled with delightful smells. so far
There's a delicious smell in here. until now
Learner example: Dictionary example:
The garlic bread is lovely with the smell of garlic. So far we've made thirty-two thousand pounds.
Learner example:
smile /smaɪl/ So far I like it here very much.
or so INFORMAL
VERB approximately
[I or T] to make a happy or friendly expression in which the Dictionary example:
corners of your mouth curve up "How many people were at the party?" "Fifty or so, I guess."
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
He smiled and shook my hand. After an hour or so they changed the flight and new people
When he smiled at me I knew everything was all right. came, the he realised that his suitcase was lost.
I couldn't help smiling when I thought of how pleased she CONJUNCTION
was going to be. so (that)
He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken in order to make something happen or be possible
friends. Dictionary examples:
He smiled to himself as he thought about his new girlfriend. He put his glasses on so that he could see the television
Learner example: better.
But he began to smile and explained what [had] I deliberately didn't have lunch so (that) I would be hungry
happen[e]d to him. tonight.
NOUN [C]

157
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Leave the keys out so (that) I remember to take them with My favourite are Dr. House and CSI, but I also enjoy a good
me. document[a]ry about the rights and wrongs of our society.
Learner example:
Could you please give me some extra exercises so that I soft /sɒft/
can cover the work I missed?
Word family:
soap /səʊp/ Nouns: softness
Adjectives: soft
NOUN Adverbs: softly
TELEVISION PROGRAMME ADJECTIVE
[C] (ALSO soap opera) a series of television or radio GENTLE
programmes that continues over a long period and is about not forceful, loud or easily noticed
the lives of a group of characters Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: a soft voice/sound
I watch all the soaps. soft music/lighting
Learner example: Learner example:
But when I'm watching TV, I prefer soaps. They keep playing soft music to entertain the customers.

soap opera /ˈsəʊpˌɒp.ər.ə/ (INFORMAL soap) softly /ˈsɒft.li/

NOUN [C] Word family:

a series of television or radio programmes that continues Nouns: softness
over a long period and is about the lives of a group of Adjectives: soft
characters Adverbs: softly
Dictionary example: ADVERB
She enjoys watching soap operas. in a quiet or gentle way
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Do you like soap operas? She speaks softly but usually gets her own way.
Learner example:
sociable /ˈsəʊ.ʃə.bl̩/ APPROVING Before go[ing] to bed, they kissed me softly.

Word family: soldier /ˈsəʊl.dʒər/

Nouns: society, socialism, socialist
Verbs: socialize NOUN [C]
Adjectives: sociable, social, anti-social ! a member of an army
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
Someone who is sociable enjoys being with people and French/Cuban/Turkish/Chinese/American soldiers
meeting new people. Soldiers were patrolling the streets.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Rob's very sociable - he likes his parties. My grandfather beg[a]n to talk: it happened when I was
I had a headache and I wasn't feeling very sociable. young. I used to be a soldier, part of the quick respon[se]
Learner example: forces.
They are all friendly, cool, outgoing, [and] sociable.
solution /səˈluː.ʃən/
social /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: solution
Nouns: society, socialism, socialist Verbs: solve
Verbs: socialize Adjectives: unsolved
Adjectives: sociable, social, anti-social NOUN [C]
ADJECTIVE the answer to a problem
GOING OUT Dictionary examples:
relating to the things you do with other people for There's no easy solution to this problem.
enjoyment when you are not working She just seems so unhappy and I don't know what the
Dictionary examples: solution is.
I had an active social life when I was at college. When you finish doing the crossword, the solution is on the
Most British schools organize social events for the students. back page.
I've just become a member of the company's sports and They help you talk through your problems but they don't
social club. give you any solutions.
Learner example: Learner example:
I recommend [this] because there [is] more social life, I was pleased with the solution.
nightlife, more fun and face[-to-face] experiences.
social networking /ˌsəʊ.ʃəlˈnet.wɜːk.ɪŋ/ solve /sɒlv/
NOUN [U]
using websites to meet people and talk to them Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: solution
He spends a lot of time on social networking sites. Verbs: solve
Learner example: Adjectives: unsolved
They tend to subscribe [to] different social-networking VERB [T]
websites to communicate with people from all around the to find the answer to something
world and discuss different issues. Dictionary examples:
to solve a problem
society /səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/ to solve a mystery/puzzle
Just calm down - shouting won't solve anything!
Word family: This strategy could cause more problems than it solves.
Nouns: society, socialism, socialist Police are still no nearer to solving the crime.
Verbs: socialize Learner example:
Adjectives: sociable, social, anti-social You will help me to solve this problem, won't you?
NOUN
PEOPLE somehow /ˈsʌm.haʊ/
[C or U] a large group of people who live in the same
country or area and have the same laws, traditions, etc. ADVERB
Dictionary examples: WAY NOT KNOWN
a civilized/multicultural society in a way or by some means which is not known or not
These changes strike at the heart of stated
British/American/modern society. Dictionary examples:
There's a danger that we will end up blaming innocent It won't be easy, but we'll get across the river somehow.
children for society's problems. Somehow or other, we'll get the money.
We must also consider the needs of the younger/older Learner example:
members of society. I don't know exactly what happened but somehow I
Learner example: managed not to fall in [the lake].

158
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

soon /suːn/ Word family:

Nouns: south
ADVERB Adjectives: south, southern
as soon as Adverbs: south
at the same time or a very short time after ADJECTIVE
Dictionary example: in or from the south part of an area
As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: a southern route
As soon as the rain stopped, I called my friend and we all the Southern Hemisphere
continued walking in the park, and we all enjoyed Learner example:
ourselves. Later we went to the "Waldsee", in the southern part of
Freiburg.
sore /sɔːr/
southwest (south-west) /ˌsaʊθˈwest/
ADJECTIVE
PAINFUL NOUN [U]
painful, especially when touched the direction which is between south and west, or the
Dictionary examples: southwest part of a country
I've got a sore throat. Dictionary example:
My feet were sore with all the walking. The wind was coming from the southwest.
All the dust has made my eyes sore. Learner example:
Learner example: I remember the day we went to Sarlat, a lovely town in the
I'll miss the class, because I've got a sore throat. south-west of France.
ADJECTIVE
sorry /ˈsɒr.i/ in the southwest, or facing towards the southwest
Dictionary example:
ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN] Learner example:
feel sorry for I live in [a] village in [the] south-west part of Poland.
to feel sympathy for someone because they are in a difficult
situation souvenir /ˌsuː.vəˈnɪr/
Dictionary example:
I feel so sorry for the children - it must be really hard for NOUN [C]
them. something which you buy or keep to remember a special
Learner example: event or holiday
Anyway, I feel sorry for her and I wonder: what would I do if Dictionary example:
I were her? I kept the ticket as a souvenir of my trip.
Learner example:
sort /sɔːt/ There is a well-known place near the hotel were you can
buy souvenirs and chocolates.
NOUN
that sort of thing space /speɪs/
used to show that what you have just said is only an
example from a larger group of things Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: space
They sell souvenirs, postcards, that sort of thing. Adjectives: spacious
Learner example: NOUN
I also enjoy using new clothes for the first time, but I prefer BEYOND EARTH
buying other stuff like electronic devices or that sort of [U] the area outside the Earth's atmosphere, where the
thing. planets and the stars are
Dictionary examples:
sound /saʊnd/ space exploration/travel
a space rocket
VERB Who was the first human being in space/the first to go into
sound like/as if/as though space?
to seem like something, from what you have heard or read Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Recently I watched a fantastic programme about space, all
That sounds like a really good idea. the planets, [and] the stars.
It sounds like you've got a sore throat.
It sounds as if they had a good holiday. spare /speər/
Learner example:
It sounds like your new trousers are very nice. ADJECTIVE
EXTRA
sour /saʊər/ If something is spare, it is available to use, because it is
extra and not being used.
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
having a sharp, sometimes unpleasant, taste or smell, like a a spare key/tyre
lemon, and not sweet Have you got a spare pen?
Dictionary examples: We've got a spare room if you want to stay overnight with
sour cream us.
sweet and sour sauce Could I have a word with you when you've got a spare
These plums are a bit sour. moment/minute?
Learner example: "Do you want this cake?" "Yes, if it's going spare."
The sauce often is made of sour cream and a lot of butter. Learner example:
You know I'm not good at writing letter[s], [but] do write
southeast (south-east) /ˌsaʊθˈiːst/ [to] me if you have a spare minute.

NOUN [U] sparkling /ˈspɑr.klɪŋ/

the direction which is between south and east, or the
southeast part of a country ADJECTIVE
Dictionary example: sparkling water/wine
We live in the southeast. water/wine with bubbles in it
Learner example: Dictionary example:
The south and the southeast are the [backbone] of [the] Would you like still or sparkling water?
Brazilian economy so there are lots of malls, department
stores and very [good] nightlife. speak /spiːk/ (spoke, spoken)
ADJECTIVE
in the southeast, or facing towards the southeast Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: speaker, speech
Kent is in the southeast corner of England. Verbs: speak
Adjectives: speechless
southern (ALSO Southern) /ˈsʌð.ən/ VERB
speak about/of sth

159
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

to talk about something speech /spiːtʃ/

Dictionary examples:
He refused to speak about the matter in public. Word family:
In the interview she spoke of her sadness at her mother's Nouns: speaker, speech
death. Verbs: speak
Learner example: Adjectives: speechless
They filmed the headmistress of our school. She spoke NOUN
about the school's activities. ABILITY TO TALK
[U] someone's ability to talk, or an example of someone
speaker /ˈspiː.kər/ talking
Dictionary examples:
Word family: Children usually develop speech in the second year of life.
Nouns: speaker, speech People who suffer a stroke may experience a loss of
Verbs: speak speech.
Adjectives: speechless Some expressions are used more in speech than in writing.
738NOUN [C] Learner example:
PERSON The reason why I de[c]ide[d] to join [the] English class is
someone who can speak English/French, etc. because of my English speech, I should talk more fluently
Dictionary example: but I'm trying my best.
He's a fluent Russian speaker.
Learner example: speed /spiːd/
I think I'm going to be an English speaker sooner than I
expected. NOUN
IN PUBLIC RATE OF MOVEMENT
someone who makes a speech to a group of people [C or U] how fast something moves or happens
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a good public speaker high/low speed
Please join with me in thanking our guest speaker tonight. He was travelling at a speed of 90 mph.
Learner example: The car has a top speed of 155 miles per hour.
The speaker told me many things about feeding birds. You should lower/reduce your speed as you approach a
junction.
special /ˈspeʃ.əl/ On a clear, straight road you can gather/pick up speed.
It was the speed at which it all happened that shocked me.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: specialist, speciality So we left at full speed!!!
Verbs: specialize
Adjectives: special spice /spaɪs/
Adverbs: specially
ADJECTIVE Word family:
special offer Nouns: spice
a price which is lower than usual Adjectives: spicy
Dictionary example: NOUN
There's a special offer on sunglasses this week. FOOD
Learner example: [C or U] a substance made from a plant, which is used to
Unfortunately, they have stopped their special offer "1 give a special taste to food
month [for Euro] 100" and I know that you want to stay fit. Dictionary examples:
As soon as they make a new offer I will let you know and Cinnamon, ginger and cloves are all spices.
then you [can] join us! Spices are widely used in South Asian cooking.
DIFFERENT Learner example:
different from normal things, or used for a particular It's very delicious with some spices and many kinds of
purpose salad.
Dictionary examples:
You need to use a special kind of paint. spicy /ˈspaɪ.si/
Some of the children have special educational needs.
Full details of the election results will be published in a Word family:
special edition of tomorrow's newspaper. Nouns: spice
Firefighters use special breathing equipment in smoky Adjectives: spicy
buildings. ADJECTIVE
Learner example: containing spices which have a strong, hot flavour
He stepped into a small, handmade, wooden canoe - it['s] Dictionary example:
call[ed] Hakaro. It's a special kind of canoe. Do you like spicy food?
Learner example:
specially /ˈspeʃ.əl.i/ (ALSO especially) I don't like spicy food, it's not good for my stomach.

Word family: spider /ˈspaɪ.dər/

Nouns: specialist, speciality
Verbs: specialize NOUN [C]
Adjectives: special ! a small creature with eight long legs which catches
Adverbs: specially insects in a web
ADVERB Dictionary example:
for a particular purpose a spider's web
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
I came here specially to see you. She is afraid of spiders.
She has a wheelchair that was specially made for her.
The opera 'Aida' was specially written for the opening of the spill /spɪl/
Cairo opera house in 1871.
Learner example: VERB [I or T] (spilled or spilt, spilled or spilt)
I'm thinking [of] get[ting] a beautiful long black wool[l]en to pour liquid or another substance somewhere without
coat specially made for you. intending to, or to fall or flow out of a container in a way
that is not intended
spectacular /spekˈtæk.jʊ.lər/ Dictionary examples:
I spilt coffee on my silk shirt.
ADJECTIVE You've spilt something down your tie.
extremely good, exciting, or surprising Let's see if I can pour the juice into the glass without
Dictionary examples: spilling it.
a spectacular view He dropped a bag of sugar and it spilt all over the floor.
The show was a spectacular success. Learner example:
He scored a spectacular goal in the second half. Then I'm going to buy [a] new [r]ug, because [a] few days
There was a spectacular sunset last night. ago, I spilled [some] ju[i]ce.
Learner example:
It is located in a tall building and has a spectacular view. spinach /ˈspɪn.ɪtʃ/

160
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NOUN [U] a sport in which two people hit a small rubber ball against
a vegetable with large, dark green leaves and a strong the four walls of a room
taste Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: a game of squash
spinach lasagne/salad a squash court/racket
Learner example: Learner example:
The embarrassing moment came when I saw the first dish: In the club you can play golf, tennis, squash and football.
carrots with spinach!
stall /stɔːl/
spite /spaɪt/
NOUN [C]
NOUN a large table or a small shop with an open front from which
in spite of sth goods are sold in a public place
although something exists or happens Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: In the village market, the stalls are piled high with local
He still smokes, in spite of all the health warnings. vegetables.
In spite of his injury, Ricardo will play in Saturday's match. Learner example:
Learner example: You know, there's a big commercial square near my house
In spite of the bad weather, we went to the zoo and strolled where traders, along with shops, set up
around a lot. stalls every day and sell an enormous variety of lifestyle
products ranging from CDs and instruments to furniture and
split /splɪt/ clothes.

VERB (splitting, split, split) stand /stænd/

split up PHRASAL VERB
If two people who have a romantic relationship split up, VERB (stood, stood)
they finish their can't stand sb/sth
relationship. INFORMAL to hate someone or something
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
She's just split up with her boyfriend. I can't stand him.
Learner example: She can't stand doing housework.
I asked her about the family and about her. She had Learner example:
recently split up with her boyfriend, Joe. I can't stand crowded shops.

spoil /spɔɪl/ star /stɑːr/

Word family: VERB [I or T] (-rr-)

Verbs: spoil If a film, play, etc. stars someone, or if someone stars in a
Adjectives: unspoiled film, play, etc., they are the main actor in it.
743VERB [T] (spoiled or spoilt, spoiled or spoilt) Dictionary examples:
MAKE BAD Ben Kingsley starred in the film 'Gandhi'.
to stop something from being enjoyable or successful Fowles's novel 'The French Lieutenant's Woman' was turned
Dictionary examples: into a film starring Meryl Streep.
He tried not to let the bad news spoil his evening. Learner example:
I haven't seen the film, so don't spoil it for me by telling me As we both love romantic comedy, we decided to see
what happens. Notting Hill [together], which starred Julia Roberts and Hugh
You'll spoil your appetite for dinner if you have a cake Grant.
now.
Learner example: start /stɑːt/
And perhaps it [will] rain and spoil your holiday.
sports /spɔːts/ Word family:
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] Nouns: start
relating to sports Verbs: start, restart
Dictionary examples: VERB [I or T]
sports equipment MAKE HAPPEN
He only reads the sports section of the newspaper. to begin to happen or to make something begin to happen
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
You should go there because in a big school there are more A new series of wildlife programmes has started on Monday
possibilities of making new friendships and you can choose evenings.
[from] a wide range of sports activities. Police believe the fire was started by arsonists.
Learner example:
spot /spɒt/ The Council has started another programme as well which
calls people to collect the rubbish in their own street one
Word family: weekend in every month.
Nouns: spot NOUN
Verbs: spot BEGINNING
Adjectives: spotless [C USUALLY NO PLURAL] the beginning of something
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
CIRCLE We were doubtful about the product's usefulness from the
a small, round mark which is a different colour to the start.
surface it is on They announced the start of a new commercial venture.
Dictionary examples: The weather was good at the start of the week.
He had a spot of grease on his tie. The event got off to a shaky/poor start with the stage
I wore that skirt with the green spots. lights failing in the first few minutes.
Learner example: Learner example:
This lamp is green with yellow spots on it and in my opinion That was a bad start [to] my holidays!
it's perfect for my room.
station /ˈsteɪ.ʃən/
spy /spaɪ/
NOUN [C]
NOUN [C] BROADCASTING
someone who secretly tries to discover information about a a company that broadcasts television or radio programmes
person, country, etc. Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: a radio/television station
His father was a British spy. The reception is not very good - try to tune in to another
Learner example: station.
It's a spy story. Learner example:
Last week I was [listen]ing to my favorite radio station and
squash /skwɒʃ/ they announced a new sports club.

NOUN [U] statue /ˈstætʃ.uː/

161
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NOUN [C] Adjectives: sticky, stuck

a model that looks like a person or animal, usually made VERB (stuck, stuck)
from stone or metal FIX
Dictionary examples: [I or T] to become joined to something else or to make
a statue of a boy something become joined to something else, usually with a
They planned to put up/erect a statue to the President. substance like glue
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
After, we passed in front of the statue of the president. I tried to stick the pieces together with some glue/tape.
He stuck up a notice on the board with pins.
stay /steɪ/ This glue won't stick.
My car's stuck in the mud.
VERB [I] Stir the sauce so that it doesn't stick to the pan.
CONTINUE My book got wet and all the pages have stuck together.
to continue to be in a particular state Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I stick posters of my favourite football team, Manchester
The supermarket stays open late. United, on the wall.
I was tired and couldn't stay awake. NOUN [C]
Put a lid on the pan so the food will stay hot. THIN PIECE
They stayed friends after their divorce. a long, thin piece of wood, usually broken or fallen from a
Learner example: tree
Some people prefer to stay dry [rather] than be caught by Dictionary examples:
the rain. The old man was carrying a load of sticks.
NOUN [C] Police said that the child had been beaten with a stick.
a period of time that you spend in a place Find some dry sticks and we'll make a campfire.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
Did you enjoy your stay in Tokyo? But when we ran into a quiet street, he stopped and hit me
Learner example: with a stick.
Dear Candie, I have just arrived here on my holiday. I'm in walking/hockey, etc. stick
Cannes, in the south of France. [I]t's a lovely place, [and] a long, thin piece of wood that you use when you are
I'm enjoying my stay so much. walking/playing hockey, etc.
Dictionary example:
steep /stiːp/ She uses a walking stick.
Learner example:
ADJECTIVE I am very sad, because I have lost my hockey stick and it
SLOPE was very special to me; a very famous player [gave] it to
A steep slope, hill, etc. rises quickly. me as a present.
Dictionary examples:
a steep slope sticky /ˈstɪk.i/
It's a steep climb to the top of the mountain, but the view
is worth it. Word family:
The castle is set on a steep hill/hillside. Verbs: stick
Learner example: Adjectives: sticky, stuck
But the slope was terribly steep and I didn't dare to ski ADJECTIVE
down. THAT CAN STICK
made of or covered with a substance that can stick to other
step /step/ things
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] sticky tape
FOOT MOVEMENT sticky fingers
one of the movements you make with your feet when you The floor's still sticky where I spilled the juice.
walk The children's faces were sticky with chocolate.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Sophie took her first steps when she was eleven months [On] the wedding day, everyone ha[s] a chance to eat
old. special food: sticky rice cakes, spring rolls and a lot [of
He rose to his feet and took a couple of steps towards her. other dishes].
With every step, her feet hurt her more and more.
Learner example: still /stɪl/
I tried to run but with my first step, I kicked something that
fell to the floor. ADVERB
STAIR DESPITE
one of the surfaces that you walk on when you go up or despite that
down stairs Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: You may not approve of what he did, but he's still your
a flight of steps brother.
We had to climb some steps to reach the front door. I know you don't like her, but you still don't have to be so
I asked them to leave the parcel on the (front) step. rude to her.
Learner example: Even though she hasn't really got the time, she still offered
I go down four steps and I am [o]n the beach! to help.
VERB (-pp-) Learner example:
step back/forward/over, etc. I was sure that it was not in my house but I still wanted to
to move somewhere by lifting your foot and putting it down check.
in a different place ADJECTIVE
Dictionary examples: DRINK
She stepped carefully over the dog. A still drink does not have any bubbles in it.
She stepped backwards and fell over a chair. Dictionary example:
They stepped out onto the balcony. Would you like still or sparkling water?
Learner example: Learner example:
The moment he stepped out of the train he realized he had The still water is the best but don't drink it too cold because
left his suitcase inside. you[r] stomach [will] not like it.
step on/in sth
to put your foot on or in something stir /stɜːr/
Dictionary examples:
I accidentally stepped on her foot. VERB (-rr-)
Be careful not to step in the mud. MIX
Learner example: [I or T] to mix food or liquid by moving a spoon round and
I ha[d] to dance with a boy [whose] name is Alex and every round in it
time he stepped on my feet. Dictionary examples:
Stir the sauce gently until it begins to boil.
stick /stɪk/ Stir the egg yolks into the mixture.
She paused to stir some sugar into her coffee.
Word family: Slowly add the flour, stirring until completely blended.
Verbs: stick Learner example:

162
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Then you add the instant sauce and stir. Shall we go straight to the party or stop off at a pub first?
Learner example:
stone /stəʊn/ When I came back home at 11.30, I went straight to bed.
straight away
NOUN immediately
ROCK Dictionary examples:
[C or U] a hard, natural substance that is found in the I knew straight away what you were thinking.
ground We don't need to go straight away - we can stay for a little
Dictionary examples: while.
a stone wall/floor Learner example:
a flight of stone steps We met on Tuesday for the first time and went skating
They cut enormous blocks of stone out of the hillside. straight away, without even discussing where we were
Some demonstrators were arrested for throwing stones at going.
the police.
Learner example: strange /streɪndʒ/
There are houses made of stone and wood.
JEWEL Word family:
a hard, valuable substance that is often used in jewellery Nouns: stranger
Dictionary example: Adjectives: strange
precious stones Adverbs: strangely
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
You know, that gold ring, with a little precious stone in the NOT FAMILIAR
centre, meant a lot to me, because it belonged to my older A strange person or place is one that you are not familiar
sister, Giulia. with.
Dictionary examples:
stop /stɒp/ With so many strange faces around her, the baby started to
cry.
VERB (-pp-) I've never been here before either, so it's all strange to me
PREVENT too.
[T] to prevent someone from doing something or Learner example:
something from happening She doesn't like a big city and strange people.
Dictionary examples:
Something must be done to stop the fighting. stranger /ˈstreɪn.dʒər/
If she really wants to leave, I don't understand what's
stopping her. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: stranger
I went and beat one of the guys to stop the fighting, Adjectives: strange
however, the fighting didn't stop. Adverbs: strangely
NOT MOVE NOUN [C]
[I or T] to not move any more or to make someone or someone you have never met before
something not move any more Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: My mother always warned me not to talk to strangers.
Stop the car, I want to get out! I can't just walk up to a complete stranger and start
I heard him shout "Stop, or I'll shoot!" talking to them.
Learner example: Learner example:
We were disap[p]ointed because we wanted to walk more The stranger came in front of me and asked if I [was able
and were ready to go home, but Sasha said: "Stop!" to] recognise him.
NOT OPERATE
[I or T] to not continue to operate, or to make something strawberry /ˈstrɔː.bər.i/
not continue to operate
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
My watch has stopped. a small, red fruit with a green leaf at the top and small,
Can you stop the video for a minute? brown seeds on its surface
The air conditioner has stopped working. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: I thought we'd have strawberries and cream for dessert.
The other day I was standing in a large department store strawberry jam
waiting to pay for a couple of films for my camera when the Learner example:
assistant announced that the computer which controlled At first we drank something - it was a special drink with
the till had stopped working. strawberries.
NOUN [C]
JOURNEY/ACTIVITY stream /striːm/
when you stop an activity or journey, or a period of time
when you stop NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: SMALL RIVER
Please remain in your seat until the plane comes to a a small river
complete stop. Dictionary examples:
We'd have been here sooner, but we made several stops a mountain stream
along the way. underground streams
At the beginning of the project there were a lot of stops A little stream flows through their garden.
and starts. Learner example:
Learner example: On our way I saw small streams, small [areas of] jungle and
The best part was (without a doubt) when I made a little beautiful animals also.
stop in a small town... I f[e]ll in love with that town!
stress /stres/
store /stɔːr/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: stress
Nouns: storage Verbs: stress
Verbs: store Adjectives: stressed, stressful
NOUN [C] NOUN
a large shop where you can buy many different types of WORRY
goods [C or U] feelings of worry caused by difficult situations such
Dictionary example: as problems at work
a DIY/furniture store Dictionary examples:
People under a lot of stress may experience headaches,
straight /streɪt/ minor pains and sleeping difficulties.
Yoga is a very effective technique for dealing with stress.
ADVERB the stresses and strains of work
IMMEDIATELY stress-related illness
without pausing or delaying Learner example:
Dictionary examples:
I got home and went straight to bed.

163
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

I think you are all ac[cu]st[o]med to city things, and all of ADJECTIVE
them bring us stress, so I think you should go to the DIFFICULT TO BREAK
countryside, where you will find peace and so you'll relax. A strong object does not break or get damaged easily.
Dictionary examples:
stressed /strest/ a strong box/chair
The window is made from very strong glass so it won't
Word family: shatter.
Nouns: stress Learner example:
Verbs: stress In winter I wear big jackets, gloves, warm trousers and
Adjectives: stressed, stressful strong boots.
ADJECTIVE NOTICEABLE
worried and not able to relax very noticeable or powerful
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
She's been feeling very stressed since she started her new strong coffee
job. There's a strong smell of burning.
I was really stressed out before the exam. I like quite strong colours.
Learner example: I can give you stronger pain-killing drugs if these aren't
I was a little bit stressed when I woke up in the morning. strong enough.
It's surprising what strong memories a photograph can
stressful /ˈstres.fəl/ produce.
My grandmother had a strong influence/effect on my
Word family: early childhood.
Nouns: stress Learner example:
Verbs: stress Moreover I like clothes with strong colours e.g. red and
Adjectives: stressed, stressful green.
ADJECTIVE PRODUCED WITH POWER
making you feel worried and not able to relax produced using a lot of power
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a stressful day/job a strong kick/blow
Police work is physically demanding and stressful. Her voice was clear and strong.
She's very good at coping with stressful situations. Strong winds are forecast in the area for the next few days.
Learner example: Learner example:
It is good to go there after [a] stressful day. Unluck[i]ly, the rest of the days were cloudy and with
strong winds.
strict /strɪkt/ RELATIONSHIP
Strong relationships last for a long time, and are not easily
Word family: spoiled.
Adjectives: strict Dictionary example:
Adverbs: strictly Throughout the crisis, their marriage remained strong.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
PERSON Actually, now our relationship is very strong.
A strict person makes sure that children or people working
for them behave well and does not allow them to break any studio /ˈstjuː.di.əʊ/ (PLURAL studios)
rules.
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
a strict teacher TV/RADIO/MUSIC
My parents were very strict with us. a room where television/radio programmes or music
Learner example: recordings are made
The teacher was strict but nice. Dictionary examples:
She spent three months in the studio working on her latest
strike /straɪk/ album.
a studio audience
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: striker He offered me a contract and asked me to go to his music
Verbs: strike studio to record a CD.
Adjectives: striking FILM
VERB a fim company or a place where films are made
HIT Dictionary example:
[T] to hit someone or something a film studio
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Two climbers were struck by falling rocks. We will visit a local film studio.
His car went out of control and struck a tree.
I've never heard of anyone being struck by lightning. study /ˈstʌd.i/
Learner example:
Only seconds later, the tree was struck by lightning. Word family:
NOUN [C or U] Nouns: student, study
a period of time when people are not working because they Verbs: study
want more money, better working conditions, etc. NOUN
Dictionary examples: ROOM
The city's bus drivers have been on strike for three weeks. [C] a room in a house where you can read or work
a teachers' strike Dictionary example:
Learner example: Alec was in the study, reading.
Indeed, the bus company has plan[n]ed a strike. Learner example:
As I don't have a study [to] myself, I have decided to buy a
stripe /straɪp/ desk with two or three drawers.

NOUN [C] stuff /stʌf/

a long, straight area of colour
Dictionary example: NOUN [U]
The zebra is a wild African horse with black and white SUBSTANCE
stripes. used to refer to a substance or a group of things or ideas,
Learner example: etc. without saying exactly what they are
I don't like clothes with stripes, because I think that's a little Dictionary examples:
old-fashioned. There's sticky stuff all over the chair.
We'll have to carry all our camping stuff.
strong /strɒŋ/ This week in class, we're discussing articles about industrial
pollution, global warming, and stuff
Word family: like that.
Nouns: strength Do you want help bringing your stuff in from the van?
Verbs: strengthen All that stuff she has been saying about Lee is rubbish.
Adjectives: strong Learner example:
Adverbs: strongly

164
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

I enjoyed the harbour [most], you know. I like [watch]ing You need to be pretty tough to succeed in today's business
boats and stuff like that. world.
Learner example:
stupid /ˈstjuː.pɪd/ I hope I will succeed [in] the P.E.T.

Word family: success /səkˈses/

Nouns: stupidity
Adjectives: stupid Word family:
ADJECTIVE Nouns: success
silly or not intelligent Verbs: succeed
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: successful, unsuccessful
How could you be so stupid? Adverbs: successfully, unsuccessfully
Whose stupid idea was it to travel at night? NOUN
She was really stupid to quit her job like that. ACHIEVEMENT
It was a stupid thing to do. [U] when you achieve what you want to achieve
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
[The coach] said that we must learn to be like Rambo! But I The success of almost any project depends largely on its
think that's stupid, because in football you can't be like manager.
Rambo. I've been trying to persuade her to take on more staff, but
so far without success.
style /staɪl/ I'm not having much success in communicating with him
at the moment.
Word family: The success rate for this operation is very low.
Nouns: style Learner example:
Adjectives: stylish I searched in the taxi-cab and in the company with no
NOUN success.
WAY GOOD THING
[C or U] a way of doing something that is typical of a [C] something that has a good result or that is very popular
particular person, group, place, or period Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Both films have been a big/huge box-office success in this
a style of painting/writing country.
Jon has an interesting hands-on style of management. She's keen to make a success of this project.
Learner example: That salmon dish was a success, wasn't it?
I love Hip Hop music. This style of music is my life. Learner example:
FASHION And lastly the rest of the space we can use for further
[C or U] a way of designing hair, clothes, furniture, etc. information and details about the history of our school and
Dictionary examples: our successes in the past.
She's had her hair cut in a really nice style.
the latest styles successful /səkˈses.fəl/
The classic black dress is always in style.
Learner example: Word family:
And they like the same style of clothes as I [do]. Nouns: success
Verbs: succeed
stylish /ˈstaɪ.lɪʃ/ Adjectives: successful, unsuccessful
Adverbs: successfully, unsuccessfully
Word family: ADJECTIVE
Nouns: style ACHIEVEMENT
Adjectives: stylish achieving what you want to achieve
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
fashionable and attractive a successful operation
Dictionary examples: My second attempt at making pizza was more successful.
a stylish black suit This year's harvest was one of the most successful since
The film's direction is subtle and stylish. the record crop of 1985.
Learner example: Learner example:
I pay attention to fashionable and stylish clothes, of course, I am very happy every time I return from a successful
if they don't seem strange [or] unus[u]al. shopping-tour.

subject /ˈsʌb.dʒɪkt/ suddenly /ˈsʌd.ən.li/

Word family: Word family:

Nouns: subject Adjectives: sudden
Verbs: subject Adverbs: suddenly
Adjectives: subjective ADVERB
NOUN [C] quickly and unexpectedly
GRAMMAR Dictionary examples:
SPECIALIZED the person or thing which performs the action I don't remember much about the accident - it all happened
described by the verb so suddenly.
Dictionary example: I suddenly realized how late it was.
'Bob' is the subject of the sentence 'Bob threw the ball'. I was just drifting off to sleep when suddenly I heard a crash
THING TALKED ABOUT outside.
what someone is writing or talking about Suddenly a dog appeared in front of us.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Our subject for discussion is homelessness. Suddenly a car appeared at the end of the street.
She has made a series of documentaries on the subject of
family relationships. suffer /ˈsʌf.ər/
Learner example:
She likes swimming and practising yoga. In fact, this was Word family:
the subject of our first lesson. Nouns: suffering, sufferer
Verbs: suffer
succeed /səkˈsiːd/ VERB
suffer from sth
Word family: to have an illness or other health problem
Nouns: success Dictionary examples:
Verbs: succeed She suffers from severe depression.
Adjectives: successful, unsuccessful She's been suffering from cancer for two years.
Adverbs: successfully, unsuccessfully Learner example:
VERB [I] The doctors told my parents that my aunt was suffering
to achieve what you are trying to achieve from cancer so they had to stay with her.
Dictionary examples:
Lucy has the skill and determination to succeed. suggest /səˈdʒest/
She finally succeeded in passing the exam.
Word family:

165
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Nouns: suggestion
Verbs: suggest sunset /ˈsʌn.set/
VERB [T]
IDEA NOUN [C or U]
to express an idea or plan for someone to consider when the sun disappears in the evening and the sky
Dictionary examples: becomes dark
I suggest (that) we wait a while before we make any firm Dictionary example:
decisions. They close the park at sunset.
Liz suggested (that) I try the shop on Mill Road. Learner example:
He suggested having the meeting at his house. We can go to Focone Beach, where the sunset is so
Learner example: beautiful.
I also suggest you should go to the Alps because there [is] a
lot of beautiful scenery and if it's winter there are many sunshine /ˈsʌn.ʃaɪn/
place[s] to ski.
ADVICE NOUN [U]
to say that someone or something is suitable for something the light and heat that come from the sun
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
to suggest someone for a job The children were out playing in the sunshine.
Can you suggest a good hotel? Learner example:
Might I suggest a white wine with your salmon, sir? You know I love sunshine. It's my [energy source].
Learner example:
I suggest the "Renoir". support /səˈpɔːt/

suggestion /səˈdʒes.tʃən/ Word family:

Nouns: support, supporter
Word family: Verbs: support
Nouns: suggestion Adjectives: supportive
Verbs: suggest VERB [T]
NOUN [C] SPORT
IDEA to like a particular sports team, often going to see their
an idea or plan that someone suggests matches
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
We don't know where to eat out tonight - have you got any Which team do you support?
suggestions? Learner example:
Clara made some very helpful suggestions. Also I saw another programme, it was talking about the
They didn't like my suggestion that we should all share the history of Barcelona football club. I liked it very much
cost. because this is the team that I support.
I have a few favourite restaurants that I tend to go back to, PROVIDE
but I'm always open to new suggestions. to look after someone by paying for their food, clothes, etc.
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Now I wan[t] to give you some suggestions that will be He has a wife and four children to support.
useful for you. Learner example:
Sara has to work hard to support her family.
suitable /ˈsuː.tə.bl̩/ HELP
to help someone, often when they are having problems
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: suitability Alcoholics Anonymous is a group which supports people
Verbs: suit who are trying to stop drinking too much alcohol.
Adjectives: suitable, unsuitable My family has always supported me in whatever I've
Adverbs: suitably wanted to do.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
acceptable or right for someone or something All [Mum and Dad] can do is support him in this next step of
Dictionary examples: his life.
Is the film suitable for children? NOUN [U]
It's a nice enough dress but it's not really suitable for a HELP
wedding. help or encouragement given to someone when they are
Learner example: having problems
I think they are more suitable for boys than for girls. Dictionary examples:
Carol gave me a lot of support when I lost my job.
sum /sʌm/ She's been a great support to my mum since my dad died.
Learner example:
NOUN [C] Mother needs our support now and I'll go as soon as I can
an amount of money
Dictionary examples: supporter /səˈpɔː.tər/
Huge sums of money are spent on national defence.
On retirement, he will receive the sum of £50 000 from the Word family:
company. Nouns: support, supporter
Learner example: Verbs: support
My poor aunt Yutta [h]as died and she's left me a big sum Adjectives: supportive
of money. NOUN [C]
SPORT
sunbathe /ˈsʌn.beɪð/ someone who likes a particular sports team and wants
them to win
VERB [I] Dictionary examples:
to sit or lie in the sun so that your skin becomes brown Manchester United supporters
Dictionary example: Thousands of supporters have travelled to London for the
We spent the day sunbathing on the beach. cup final.
Learner example: Learner example:
The weather is very good here, so I hope [to] go to the I'm a great supporter of Milan as you know, so you can
beach with my mother in the mornings to sunbathe. imagine how I feel now.

sunrise /ˈsʌn.raɪz/ suppose /səˈpəʊz/

NOUN [C or U] Word family:

when the sun appears in the morning and the sky becomes Verbs: suppose
light Adverbs: supposedly
Dictionary example: VERB
I always get up before sunrise. I suppose (so)
Learner example: used to show agreement to something when you do not
I have also decided to buy something new. I would like to really want to
have a poster, maybe a big black and white photo or a Dictionary examples:
picture of a sunrise, what do you think about that? I suppose you're right.

166
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

"Can I come with you?" "I suppose so." The restaurant turned out to be surprisingly cheap.
be supposed to do sth Not surprisingly, the jury found them guilty.
to be expected or intended to do something, especially Learner example:
when this does not happen Surprisingly, I met a friend of mine from primary school.
Dictionary examples:
The drugs are supposed to reduce the pain. surround /səˈraʊnd/
She is supposed to finish the work by the 24th.
These batteries are supposed to last for a year. Word family:
How am I supposed to find that much money by the end of Nouns: surroundings
the week? Verbs: surround
Learner example: Adjectives: surrounding
I'm supposed to go cycling with some friends of mine to VERB [T]
Bondi. GO AROUND
to be or go everywhere around something or someone
sure /ʃɔːr/ Dictionary examples:
Snow-capped mountains surround the city.
Word family: Early this morning, armed police surrounded the house in
Verbs: ensure north London.
Adjectives: sure, unsure Gwen sat at her desk, surrounded by books and papers.
Adverbs: surely She said that she wanted to die surrounded by the people
ADVERB INFORMAL she loved.
for sure Learner example:
without any doubts The place I've enjoyed [most] is a small lake surrounded by
Dictionary examples: very [tall] trees and a lot of bushes.
I think he's Canadian but I don't know for sure.
One thing's for sure - once the baby's born, your lives will sweatshirt /ˈswet.ʃɜːt/
never be the same again.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
For sure, you'll love Brazil. a piece of clothing made of soft cotton which covers the top
of your body and is pulled on over your head
surf /sɜːf/ Dictionary example:
She was dressed casually in jeans and a sweatshirt.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: surfing Well, I'm always wearing tight-fitting, blue jeans, I really
Verbs: surf love them as they're always in fashion, and if it's cold, a v-
VERB neck, long sleeved sweatshirt.
WAVES
[I] to ride on a wave as it comes towards land, while sweet /swiːt/
standing or lying on a special board
Dictionary example: ADJECTIVE
I spent the summer learning how to surf. KIND
Learner example: kind and friendly
I really enjoy[ed] learning how to surf, it was terrific. Dictionary example:
It was really sweet of you to help.
surprise /səˈpraɪz/ Learner example:
Thank you ever so much for the present you've sent me! It
Word family: was really sweet of you.
Nouns: surprise
Verbs: surprise swimmer /ˈswɪm.ər/
Adjectives: surprised, surprising
Adverbs: surprisingly Word family:
VERB [T] Nouns: swim, swimmer, swimming
to make someone feel surprise Verbs: swim
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
The news surprised everyone. someone who is swimming or who can swim
It doesn't surprise me that she wants to leave. Dictionary example:
It won't surprise anyone to learn that the offer has been Oliver is a very strong swimmer.
rejected. Learner example:
Learner example: He is the best swimmer in the club, much faster than I could
Then I saw a blue light that surprised me, I was scared. [A] [ever] be.
strange creature was standing in front of me. [I]t was fat
and ugly and then it tried to grab me... switch /swɪtʃ/

surprising /səˈpraɪ.zɪŋ/ VERB [I]

switch off sth or switch sth off PHRASAL VERB
Word family: to turn off a light, television, etc. by using a switch
Nouns: surprise Dictionary example:
Verbs: surprise Remember to switch the computer off.
Adjectives: surprised, surprising Learner example:
Adverbs: surprisingly I was sad and tried to call her, [but] it was not possible
ADJECTIVE because her mobile phone was switched off.
not expected and making someone feel surprised switch on sth or switch sth on PHRASAL VERB
Dictionary examples: to turn on a light, television, etc. by using a switch
He gave a rather surprising answer. Dictionary example:
It's hardly/not surprising (that) you're putting on weight, Could you switch the light on?
considering how much you're eating! Learner example:
I must say that it's surprising to find you agreeing with me We will switch on a light and will sing "Happy Birthday" and
for once. the party will begin.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
That was a little bit surprising because I'm pretty small and a small object that you push up or down with your finger to
it's hard for me to find clothes that eally fit me! turn something
electrical on or off
surprisingly /səˈpraɪ.zɪŋ.li/ Dictionary examples:
a light switch
Word family: Can you flip the switch?
Nouns: surprise Learner example:
Verbs: surprise Then I turned off the switch until the end of the day.
Adjectives: surprised, surprising
Adverbs: surprisingly system /ˈsɪs.təm/
ADVERB
unexpectedly or in a way that is unusual Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: system

167
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Adjectives: systematic My dad had to go to Canada for a meeting, so he asked me

Adverbs: systematically to take care of her.
NOUN [C] WRITE
EQUIPMENT to write something
a set of connected pieces of equipment that operate Dictionary examples:
together Did you take their number/details?
Dictionary examples: I took notes during the talk.
They've had an alarm system installed at their home. Alice isn't here at the moment. Can I take a message?
a central-heating system Learner example:
The computer system keeps crashing and no one is able to He took my phone number and we went to the cinema the
figure out why. day after.
Learner example: STUDY
They had a new sound system which is very loud. to study a subject in order to do an exam
Dictionary examples:
He's taking maths, chemistry and physics.
table /ˈteɪ.bl̩/ I took a course in accountancy.
Learner example:
NOUN [C] My old English class wasn't good enough because the
INFORMATION lessons were just [i]n the evening and also we didn't have
an arrangement of facts and numbers in rows or blocks, enough conversation. So I decided to take [a] full-time
especially in printed course.
material take part
Dictionary example: to be involved in an activity with other people
The table below shows the results of the experiment. Dictionary example:
lay the table She doesn't usually take part in any of the class activities.
to put plates, knives, forks, etc. on the table to prepare for Learner example:
a meal The practi[c]e was for a big competition at our club, in
Dictionary example: which teams from Munich and Cologne will take part.
Could you lay the table for me, please? take place
Learner example: to happen
Before she came to my home, I prepared everything Dictionary example:
perfectly, laying the table with silver spoons, flowers and The concert takes place next Thursday.
candles. Learner example:
A dance night will take place in the club soon.
tablet /ˈtæb.lɪt/ take a break/rest, etc.
to stop working for a short period
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
a small, round object containing medicine that you swallow I think we'll take a break there.
Dictionary example: If you're tired, you should take a rest.
sleeping tablets Learner example:
Learner example: When I took a little break to drink something, I met one of
I talked to her many times about the danger [of] taking my best friends.
tablets for pain. take advantage of sth
to use something good in a situation to help you
take /teɪk/ Dictionary example:
I thought I'd take advantage of the sports facilities while I'm
Word family: here.
Nouns: undertaking Learner example:
Verbs: take, undertake If you take advantage of this opportunity, in the future
VERB [T] (took, taken) you'll thank me.
GET HOLD take it/things easy
to get hold of something and move it to relax and not use too much energy
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
He reached across and took the glass from her. After his heart attack, he had to take things easy for a
He took my arm and led me outside. while.
Learner example: Learner example:
So, she took me by the arm and brought me to the dance Take it easy and see you soon.
floor where everybody was waiting for that last man. CLOTHES
WITHOUT PERMISSION to wear a particular size of clothes
to remove something without permission Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: What size shoe do you take?
Someone's taken my coat! I take a size 12 in trousers.
Has anything been taken?
Learner example: takeaway /ˈteɪk.ə.weɪ/
He had taken our suitcases by mistake.
ACCEPT NOUN [C]
to accept or have something a meal that you buy in a restaurant or shop but eat at
Dictionary examples: home, or a shop that sells this type of meal
Are you going to take the job? Dictionary example:
Do they take credit cards here? a Chinese takeaway
Learner example: Learner example:
If you take this job, you have to be prepared not to have After pubs or [a] night club, they go to the takeaway.
enough spare time for thin[g]s that you like to do, since you
would be at work [all] day. talent /ˈtæl.ənt/
PERFORM ACTION
used with some nouns to say that someone performs an Word family:
action Nouns: talent
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: talented
I need to take a shower. NOUN [C or U]
Do you take any exercise? a natural ability to do something
Take a look at this. Dictionary examples:
I thought we could take a walk after lunch. Her talent for music showed at an early age.
Take a deep breath. his artistic talents
Learner example: Learner example:
I took a shower and ate my breakfast. Some people have skills and talent and some do not.
take care of sb/sth
to look after someone or something talented /ˈtæl.ən.tɪd/
Dictionary examples:
I'll take good care of her. Word family:
Don't worry about me, I can take care of myself. Nouns: talent
Learner example: Adjectives: talented
ADJECTIVE

168
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

with talent Learner example:

Dictionary example: In Kish or Aeshm you can buy electric[al] device[s] cheaper
a talented footballer/pianist than [in] your country, because you can buy all goods
Learner example: without tax.
He is so talented, so smart and very polite to all.
tea /tiː/
talk /tɔːk/
NOUN
Word family: MEAL
Nouns: talk, talks [U] a small afternoon meal of sandwiches, cakes, biscuits,
Verbs: talk etc. and tea to drink
Adjectives: talkative Dictionary example:
NOUN They invited us for afternoon tea.
CONVERSATION Learner example:
[C] a conversation between two people, often about a Every afternoon they organized a tea for all the members.
particular subject
Dictionary example: teach /tiːtʃ/ (taught, taught)
He's going to have a talk with his parents and see what
they think. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: teacher, teaching
We had a talk and he told me about Bradley and what the Verbs: teach
band was like. VERB
GET EXPERIENCE
tap /tæp/ [T] If a situation teaches you something, it gives you new
knowledge or helps you to understand something.
NOUN [C] Dictionary example:
FOR WATER The whole experience taught him to be more careful with
the part at the end of a pipe which controls the flow of money.
water Learner example:
Dictionary examples: This situation taught me that I should keep my important
the hot/cold tap things with m[e] all the time.
Turn the tap on/off.
Learner example: teaching /ˈtiː.tʃɪŋ/
As soon as I got in, I turned the tap on and waited for hot
water. Word family:
Nouns: teacher, teaching
taste /teɪst/ Verbs: teach
NOUN [U]
Word family: the job of being a teacher
Nouns: taste Dictionary examples:
Verbs: taste He's always wanted to go into teaching.
Adjectives: tasty, tasteful, tasteless modern teaching methods
NOUN Learner example:
FLAVOUR The teacher has a lot of experience behind him, I think
[C or U] the flavour of a particular food in your mouth nearly 20 years of teaching.
Dictionary examples:
I love the taste of garlic. team /tiːm/
The soup had a slightly sour taste.
Learner example: NOUN [C + SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB]
I don't know how old it is but I've gone there since I was a WORK GROUP
child and the taste of the food has never changed. a group of people who work together to do something
VERB [T] Dictionary examples:
taste good/bad/sweet, etc. a management team
to have a particular flavour a team of advisers
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
This sauce tastes strange. He told me he was part of the sound team of the band I
The bread tastes of onions. went to see.
This coffee tastes like dishwater!
Learner example: tear /teər/ *
The food is very typical and tastes good.
FOOD/DRINK VERB [I or T] (tore, torn)
to put food or drink in your mouth to find out what flavour it BREAK
has to pull something so that it comes apart or breaks, or to
Dictionary examples: become damaged like this
Taste this sauce and tell me if it needs any salt. Dictionary examples:
Whatever's this? I've never tasted anything like it. I tore my skirt on the chair as I stood up.
Learner example: You have to be very careful with books this old because the
Of course I tasted tequila, and I liked it very much. paper tends to tear very easily.
A couple of pages had been torn out of the book.
tasty /ˈteɪst.i/ Learner example:
Although it's quite expensive, the clothes that I buy from
Word family: there will not tear easily.
Nouns: taste
Verbs: taste tear /tɪər/ **
Adjectives: tasty, tasteful, tasteless
ADJECTIVE NOUN [C USUALLY PLURAL]
Food which is tasty has a good flavour and is nice to eat. CRYING
Dictionary example: a drop of water that comes from your eye when you cry
They do a very tasty breakfast. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: These are tears of joy.
The meal was really tasty. Did you notice the tears in his eyes when he talked about
Diane?
tax /tæks/ Her eyes filled with tears.
Learner example:
NOUN [C or U] I had to fight the tears of rage, and my heart beat as fast as
money that you have to pay to the government from what a drum.
you earn or when you buy things in tears
Dictionary examples: crying
They're putting up the tax on cigarettes. Dictionary example:
Tax cuts are always popular. I found him in tears in his bedroom.
What do you earn before/after tax? Learner example:
I pay my taxes. By the end of it, Mary Anne was nearly in tears.

169
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

burst into tears Learner example:

to suddenly start to cry You can see many temples and Maiko, who are traditional
Dictionary example: people wearing Kimono.
She burst into tears and ran out of the room.
Learner example: temporary /ˈtem.pər.ər.i/
She burst into tears.
Word family:
technique /tekˈniːk/ Adjectives: temporary
Adverbs: temporarily
Word family: ADJECTIVE
Nouns: technique, technician existing or happening for only a short or limited time
Adjectives: technical Dictionary examples:
Adverbs: technically temporary staff
NOUN [C or U] a temporary job
a particular or special way of doing something temporary accommodation/housing
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
We have developed a new technique for detecting errors in It was a reality show that involved a lot of young people
the manufacturing process. [who] were applying for a temporary job - I think a
She's a wonderfully creative dancer but she doesn't have marketing job - and finally only one of the[m] [got] it.
the technique of a truly great performer.
Learner example: tense /tents/
I go on Mondays, Wednesdays and Friday[s] from 4:00 P.M
to 7:00 P.M. I've learned a whole new bunch of tips, Word family:
techniques and st[u]ff I want to show you. Nouns: tension
Adjectives: tense
technology /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/ NOUN [C]
any of the forms of a verb which show the time at which an
Word family: action happened
Nouns: technology Dictionary example:
Adjectives: technological 'I sing' is in the present tense, 'I will sing' is in the future
Adverbs: technologically tense and 'I sang' is in the past tense.
NOUN [C or U] Learner example:
knowledge, equipment, and methods that are used in The first lesson was about the present tense and wasn't
science and industry really difficult for us.
Dictionary examples:
computer technology tent /tent/
modern technology
What this country needs is a long-term policy for NOUN [C]
investment in science and technology. a structure made of metal poles and cloth which is fixed to
Learner example: the ground with ropes and used as a cover or to sleep
I also like to read some magazines about computers and under
technology, my favourite is "PC Magazine". Dictionary example:
It only took twenty minutes to put the tent up.
teenage /ˈtiːn.eɪdʒ/ Learner example:
We slept in a tent for two nights there.
Word family:
Nouns: teenager terribly /ˈter.ə.bli/
Adjectives: teenage
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] Word family:
aged between 13 and 19 years old Adjectives: terrible
Dictionary example: Adverbs: terribly
a teenage daughter ADVERB
Learner example: VERY MUCH
However, teenage films are better for me. very
Dictionary examples:
television /ˈtel.ɪ.vɪʒ.ən/ (ALSO TV) (UK INFORMAL telly) She was terribly upset.
We were terribly lucky that nothing was damaged.
NOUN Learner example:
SYSTEM I'm terribly sorry but I've got a job interview.
[U] the system or business of making and broadcasting
programmes for television terrific /təˈrɪf.ɪk/
Dictionary examples:
She works in television. ADJECTIVE
a television company/network VERY GOOD
Learner example: very good
If possible, I would go to the television company for help, Dictionary example:
then they will show [it] [o]n TV. It's a terrific opportunity.
Learner example:
tell /tel/ (told, told) My teacher is terrific and she's always happy.

VERB terrified /ˈter.ə.faɪd/

tell sb how/what/when to do sth
to advise someone how/what/when to do something Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: terror, terrorism, terrorist
Kit will tell you how to get there. Verbs: terrify
She didn't tell us what to do. Adjectives: terrified, terrifying
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
He tells us how to do the different kind[s] of exercises. very frightened
I can't tell you how ... Dictionary examples:
used to emphasize your feelings about something He sat in the corner like a terrified child.
Dictionary example: She's terrified of the dark.
I can't tell you how grateful I am for your help. She's terrified (that) her mother might find out.
Learner example: Learner example:
I can't tell you how nervous I am. I was really terrified. Then I turned on the light and...

temple /ˈtem.pl̩/ test /test/

NOUN [C] NOUN [C]

! a building where people in some religions go to pray or MEDICAL
worship a short medical examination of part of your body or of
Dictionary example: something such as blood that is taken from your body
a Buddhist temple Dictionary examples:

170
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

an eye test used to say that something has ended

a blood/urine test Dictionary examples:
a pregnancy test Well that's it then, we've finished.
The doctors have done some tests to try to find out what's I think that's it for now - I'll email you about the other
wrong with her. project next week.
Learner example: Learner example:
So I decided to call and ask for information, then as soon as Well, that's it. Good luck and have a good time.
I [had done] some medical tests I was accepted.
VERB [T] the /ðiː/
EXAM
to give someone a set of questions, in order to measure DETERMINER
their knowledge or ability YOUR
Dictionary example: used instead of a possessive adjective such as 'your', 'her'
You'll be tested on all the areas you've studied this term. or 'my'
Dictionary examples:
text /tekst/ He held her by the arm.
Where did I park the car?
NOUN Learner example:
WORDS, NOT PICTURES There [are] a lot of people, and there are a lot of cars, so
[U] the written words in a book, magazine, etc., not the you would have problems find[ing] a place to park the car.
pictures
Dictionary example: the first floor /ˌfɜːstˈflɔː/
a page of text
PIECE OF WRITING NOUN [NO PLURAL]
[C] a short piece of writing that you discuss in class the floor of a building that is directly above ground level
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
Could you all read the text, please? She works on the first floor.
Learner example: Learner example:
Next lesson I will have to read a small text. My bedroom is on the first floor.

thank /θæŋk/ the ground floor /ˌgraʊndˈflɔː/

Word family: NOUN [NO PLURAL]

Nouns: thanks the floor of a building that is at the same level as the
Verbs: thank ground outside
Adjectives: thankful Dictionary example:
Adverbs: thankfully My office is on the ground floor.
VERB [T] Learner example:
thank God INFORMAL We followed them to a new club in Siena. It is on the ground
something you say when you are happy because something floor of an old building.
bad did not happen
Dictionary example: their /ðeər/
Thank God nobody was hurt in the accident.
Learner example: DETERMINER
"Thank God my car is OK", [he] said. TO AVOID HIS/HERS
used to refer to what belongs to or relates to a person when
thank you /ˈθæŋk.ju/ you want to avoid saying 'his' or 'her' or when you do not
know if the person is male or female
NOUN [C USUALLY NO PLURAL] Dictionary examples:
something that you say or do in order to show that you are One of the students has left their book behind.
grateful for something So did this person give their name?
Dictionary examples:
I'd like to say a big thank you to everyone for all their help. them /ðem/
The chocolates were a thank you for looking after the
children. PRONOUN
Learner example: TO AVOID HIM/HER
I'm writing to say [a] very big thank you for our fantastic used after a verb or preposition to refer to a person when
weekend. you want to avoid saying 'him' or 'her' or when you do not
know if the person is male or female
that /ðæt/ Dictionary example:
When each passenger arrives, we ask them to fill in a form.
DETERMINER (PLURAL those)
that sort of thing therefore /ˈðeə.fɔːr/
used to show that what you have just said is only an
example from a larger group of things ADVERB
Dictionary example: for that reason
They sell souvenirs, postcards, that sort of thing. Dictionary example:
Learner example: We were unable to get funding and therefore had to
I also enjoy using new clothes for the first time, but I prefer abandon the project.
buying other stuff like electronic devices or that sort of Learner example:
thing. [I] want to make it look more modern. Therefore, I've
PRONOUN (PLURAL those) decided to get a CD player and some speakers.
RELATIVE CLAUSE
used instead of 'who' or 'which' at the beginning of a the seaside /ˈsiː.saɪd/
relative clause
Dictionary example: NOUN
Have you eaten all the cake that I made yesterday? an area or town next to the sea
Learner example: Dictionary example:
I like my old-fashioned blue jeans, [and] the old shoes that I We had a picnic at the seaside.
always use. Learner example:
and all that Near the seaside there are so many bars, where you can
used for saying that other similar things are included or spend such a nice time.
that the whole of a they /ðeɪ/
situation is considered PRONOUN
Dictionary examples: PERSON
He told us about his school and all that. used to refer to a person when you want to avoid saying
We decided to stay in bed, with it being a holiday and all 'he' or 'she' or when you
that. do not know if the person is male or female
Learner example: Dictionary example:
I really enjoy shopping for clothes, but not only for clothes, "There's someone on the phone for you." "What do they
also for things like earrings and all that! want?"
that's it

171
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

thick /θɪk/ [I] to remember someone or something

Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE I was just thinking about you when you phoned.
NOT THIN I often think of our time in Egypt.
Something that is thick is larger than usual between its Learner example:
opposite sides. I often think of them. I miss them so much.
Dictionary examples:
a thick rope though /ðəʊ/
a thick layer of dust
She picked up a thick volume and began to read out loud. CONJUNCTION
a thick sweater/coat DESPITE
The walls are two metres thick. despite the fact that
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I have to wear thick clothes. She hasn't phoned, though she said she would.
CLOSE TOGETHER Though she's 38, she's still playing tennis at the highest
growing close together and in large amounts level.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
thick forest Today the sun is shining and it's quite hot, though it's [only]
thick dark hair 9 o'clock in the morning.
Learner example:
I was looking [at] a land of moor, m[a]rsh, and thick forest. thought /θɔːt/

thief /θiːf/ (PLURAL thieves) Word family:

Nouns: thought
NOUN [C] Adjectives: thoughtful, thoughtless
! someone who steals things Adverbs: thoughtfully
Dictionary examples: NOUN
a car thief IDEA
Thieves stole £120, 000 worth of computer equipment. [C] an idea or opinion or an image that comes into your
Learner example: mind
I watched three police officers trying to arrest the thieves Dictionary examples:
but they fail[ed]. Do you have any thoughts about/on where you want to
spend Christmas?
thing /θɪŋ/ The thought of seeing her again filled him with happiness.
If you could let me have your thoughts on that report by
NOUN Friday, I'd be grateful.
a thing Learner example:
used instead of 'anything' in order to emphasize what you Her thoughts were interrupted by Ben, who asked if she
are saying wanted to go for a walk with him.
Dictionary examples:
I haven't got a thing to wear. thriller /ˈθrɪl.ər/
Don't worry about a thing. I'll take care of it.
Learner example: Word family:
We tried to fish, but didn't catch a thing, not even a shoe! Nouns: thriller, thrill
the same thing Verbs: thrill
the same Adjectives: thrilled, thrilling
Dictionary example: NOUN [C]
Training isn't the same thing as education. a book or film with an exciting story, often about crime
Learner example: Dictionary example:
I had lost my favourite watch. Now I have another watch I like reading thrillers.
but it isn't the same thing. Learner example:
things I'm reading the thriller [by] Dan Brown: "Angeli e Demoni",
what is happening, especially in your life it's wonderful.
Dictionary examples:
How are things with you? throat /θrəʊt/
Things have been going very well recently.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
How are things in your part of the world? Things are fine the front of the neck, or the space inside the neck down
with me. which food and air can go
things like that Dictionary examples:
similar objects, activities or events a sore throat
Dictionary examples: A fish bone got stuck in my throat.
We eat a lot of Italian food - pizza, pasta, things like that. He cleared his throat and started speaking.
I do a lot of football and running and things like that. Learner example:
I ca[ught] a cold and I have a sore throat too, so I can't talk
think /θɪŋk/ properly.

Word family: through /θruː/

Nouns: thinker
Verbs: think, rethink PREPOSITION
Adjectives: unthinkable START TO END
VERB (thought, thought) from the start to the end of something
USE BRAIN Dictionary examples:
[I] to use the brain to plan something, understand a He worked through the night.
situation, etc. The phone rang halfway through the programme.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
He thought for a few seconds before answering. It begins in the evening and goes through the night,
You should think about where you want to live. because it's a very long play.
I'm so sorry I upset you - I just wasn't thinking. BECAUSE OF
Learner example: because of someone or something, or with someone's help
I thought for a few days and finally decided to buy "Titanic". Dictionary examples:
think of sth I got the job through a friend of my mum's.
to use your imagination and intelligence to produce an He became ill through eating undercooked meat.
idea, a solution to a Learner example:
problem, or an answer to a question I knew her through my husband, she is my husband's
Dictionary examples: friend's wife.
When did you first think of the idea? ADVERB
I need to think of a suitable way to fix the door. from one end or side to another
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Sud[d]enly I thought of a simp[le] way to get money from He opened the door and walked through.
him. The needle just wouldn't go through.
REMEMBER Learner example:

172
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

A few bombs crashed close to the car but we managed to

get through. NOUN [C]
a large wild cat that has yellow fur with black lines on it
throw /θrəʊ/ Dictionary example:
The zoo has several tigers.
VERB [I or T] (threw, thrown) Learner example:
throw away/out sth or throw sth away/out PHRASAL We saw elephants, tigers, snakes, [and] monkeys.
VERB
to get rid of something that you do not want any more tight /taɪt/
Dictionary example:
So when are you going to throw away those old magazines? Word family:
Learner example: Verbs: tighten
I suggest you throw away your books and come with me to Adjectives: tight
the sea! Adverbs: tight, tightly
thumb /θʌm/ ADJECTIVE
NOUN [C] CLOTHES
the short thick finger on the side of your hand which makes fitting your body very closely
it possible to hold and pick things up easily Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: a tight skirt
She still sucks her thumb. Learner example:
Learner example: I hate tight trousers.
After, we lit the candles, took our seats round the table, put
all [our] hands in front of us above till /tɪl/
the table and joined thumbs and little fingers to make a
circle. CONJUNCTION
until
thunder /ˈθʌn.dər/ Dictionary example:
How long is it till your baby is due?
NOUN [U] Learner example:
the loud noise in the sky that you hear during a storm Everything seemed normal till I arrived in Berlin.
Dictionary example:
thunder and lightning time /taɪm/
Learner example:
They said something about thunder and rain. Word family:
Nouns: time, timing
tick /tɪk/ Verbs: time
NOUN
NOUN [C] WHEN SOMETHING HAPPENS
a mark that shows that something is correct or has been [U NO PLURAL] a particular point of the day, week, month,
done year, etc. that is suitable for
Dictionary example: a particular activity, or at which something is expected to
Put a tick by/against the names of the people who have happen
accepted the invitation. Dictionary examples:
VERB holiday time
[T] to make a mark that shows something is correct or has party time
been done When would be a good time for me to call you?
Dictionary example: it's time
Tick the words you hear in the recording. used to say that something should happen or be done now
Dictionary examples:
tidy /ˈtaɪ.di/ It's time I was leaving.
Is it time to go home yet?
Word family: Learner example:
Verbs: tidy My father called me on the phone and told me it was time
Adjectives: tidy, untidy to go home!
VERB [T] AVAILABLE OR NEEDED
tidy up (sth) or tidy (sth) up PHRASAL VERB [U] a number of minutes, hours, days, etc. that is available
to make a place or a collection of things tidy for something or that is needed for something
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
Could you tidy up your toys, please? If I have time, I'll call Sam.
I was just tidying up in the sitting room. Have you got time for a quick drink after work?
Learner example: I'd like to learn to sail, but I haven't the time.
I can't believe they broke up - just yesterday I was tidying I haven't got time to go to the shops today.
up my room when I cam[e] across the photos of our last She ran out of time and didn't finish the last question.
holiday in Spain, where we were together with Peter and Learner example:
Veronika. If you'll have time you can visit the other towns like Cosly'
Krumlov or Pisek.
tie /taɪ/ in time
early or at the right time
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: tie We arrived in time to catch the train.
Verbs: tie, untie Learner example:
VERB (tying, tied, tied) If I [don']t come back in time, you can put [a] note on my
FASTEN desk.
[I or T] to fasten something with string, rope, etc. on time
Dictionary examples: not early or late
The dog was tied to a tree. Dictionary example:
This skirt ties at the waist. I got to school on time.
She tied the ribbon tightly in a bow/knot. Learner example:
I tie my hair back when it's hot. So, I will not be on time for my English class tomorrow.
Learner example: at the same time
But I knew and felt that my knif[e] was still tied to my leg. If two things happen at the same time, they happen
MAKE A KNOT together.
[T] to make a knot in a piece of string, rope, etc. Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: We arrived at the same time.
She tied the scarf. Learner example:
Could you tie this piece of string for me? The kind of clothes I most like [are] casual but fashionable
Tie (up) your shoelaces, or you'll trip over. at the same time.
Learner example: three/eight/nine, etc. times
While Jane was tying the lace, she convinced herself that it used to say how much bigger, better, worse, etc. one thing
was just her imagination. is than another thing
Dictionary examples:
tiger /ˈtaɪ.gər/ Ben earns three times more than me.

173
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

He gets paid nearly three times as much as me. Nouns: tiredness

Learner example: Verbs: tire
[I]n my opinion, you must visit the cities, [which are] three Adjectives: tired, tiring
times better than the countryside. ADJECTIVE
in a day's/two months', etc. time making you feel tired
a week, two months, etc. from now Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: I've had a very tiring day.
I have to go to the doctor again in a month's time. Looking after three kids is extremely tiring.
Learner example: Learner example:
We are back in 2 weeks' time. The only bad thing is that the trip was a bit tiring.
once upon a time
used at the beginning of a story to mean a long time ago tissue /ˈtɪʃ.uː/
Dictionary example:
Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess. NOUN [C]
Learner example: a soft piece of paper that you use for cleaning your nose
Once upon a time there was a very poor family. Dictionary example:
I have some tissues in my bag.
timetable /ˈtaɪmˌteɪ.bl̩/ Learner example:
P.S. Bring tissues because you won't stop crying when you
NOUN [C] watch the film.
BUS/TRAIN
a list of times when buses, trains, etc. arrive and leave title /ˈtaɪ.tl̩/
Dictionary example:
Do you have a Birmingham to London train timetable that I NOUN [C]
could borrow? BOOK/FILM, ETC.
the name of a book, film, etc.
tin /tɪn/ Dictionary examples:
The title of Evelyn Waugh's first novel was 'Decline and
NOUN Fall'.
FOOD CONTAINER And this next record is the title track on the album 'The
[C] a metal container in which food is sold Red Shoes'.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
a tin of beans I can't remember the title of the movie.
piles of soup tins
Learner example: to /tuː/
The only thing I have is a tin of beans and a laser gun
stolen from one of the cyborguards. PREPOSITION
POSITION
used to show the position of someone or something
tiny /ˈtaɪ.ni/ Dictionary examples:
She stood with her back to the window.
ADJECTIVE I had my back to them, so I couldn't see what they were
extremely small doing.
Dictionary examples: John's standing to the left of Adrian in the photo.
the baby's tiny hands The Yorkshire Dales are twenty miles to the north of the
a tiny little cottage city.
I was a tiny bit late. Learner example:
Learner example: My town is situated to the south of Paris.
I got a small cottage in a tiny village, called San Bernardino. AFFECTED
used to say who is treated in a particular way or who or
tip /tɪp/ what is affected by
something
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
ADVICE What have you done to your hair?
a piece of useful advice Her evidence was very helpful to the police.
Dictionary examples: She was very kind to us.
He includes a few tips on growing vegetables. Learner example:
She's given me a number of useful gardening tips. The waiter was really kind to us. We gave him the key of
Learner example: the car and he drove us home.
Dear Julie, Sam, and Max I'm just writing to give you guys RELATIONSHIP
some tips about your trip to Brazil. used to show a relationship with someone
PAYMENT Dictionary examples:
an extra amount of money that you give to a driver, I've been married to Peter for nine years.
someone working in a She was an assistant to the chief executive.
restaurant, etc. to thank them Learner example:
Dictionary examples: She's 38 years old and she's married to a Spanish engineer.
a 15% tip COMPARE
He gave the porter a tip. used to compare two things
Have you left a tip for the waiter? Dictionary examples:
Learner example: I prefer football to cricket.
You could also work in a pub or in a restaurant, the She's earning a reasonable wage, but nothing to what she
advantage there is get[ting] extra money besides the could make in a big company.
agreed salary, because customers give tips. Learner example:
I prefer homemade food to re[s]taurant meals.
tired /taɪəd/ UNTIL
until a particular time, state or level is reached
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: tiredness It's only two weeks to Christmas.
Verbs: tire Unemployment has risen to almost eight million.
Adjectives: tired, tiring She nursed me back to health.
ADJECTIVE CONNECTED
tired of doing sth used to say where something is fastened or connected
bored or annoyed by something that has happened too Dictionary examples:
often The paper was fastened to the wall with tape.
Dictionary example: A fast rail service connects us to the city.
I'm tired of listening to her problems. Learner example:
Learner example: My mouth became so dry that my tongue stuck to my
I never get tired of watching this film, I really love it! palate.

tiring /ˈtaɪə.rɪŋ/ together /təˈgeð.ər/

Word family: ADVERB

174
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

SAME TIME Adverbs: totally

at the same time NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: the amount you get when you add several smaller amounts
Everyone seemed to arrive together. together
We can deal with the next two items on the list together. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: That figure at the bottom of the column is the total.
He came to my house early in the morning and then we left A total of 21 horses were entered for the race.
together. We made £700 in total, over three days of trading.
Learner example:
tongue /tʌŋ/ My holiday started from last Sunday morning for a total of
ten days.
NOUN ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN]
IN MOUTH AMOUNT
[C] the large soft piece of flesh in the mouth which you can including everything
move and which you Dictionary examples:
use for tasting, speaking, etc. the total cost
Dictionary example: Total losses were $800.
I burnt my tongue on some soup last night. Learner example:
Learner example: The total cost was only £60, including lunch, and I think it
My mouth became so dry that my tongue stuck to my was worth every penny of it.
palate.
totally /ˈtəʊ.təl.i/
too /tuː/
Word family:
ADVERB Nouns: total
too bad Adjectives: total
used to say that you are sorry about a situation Adverbs: totally
Dictionary example: ADVERB
"He didn't get the job." "Oh, that's too bad." completely
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Too bad you couldn't come to my party. They're totally different.
I'd totally forgotten I'd arranged to meet her.
toothpaste /ˈtuːθ.peɪst/ I totally agree with you.
Learner example:
NOUN [U] But in the new class, it is totally different.
a substance that you use to clean your teeth
Dictionary example: touch /tʌtʃ/
Put a small amount of toothpaste on the brush.
Learner example: Word family:
Modern technology [has] changed our li[v]es in many ways. Nouns: touch
When I have to wake up earlier, I use my alarm clock, [and] Verbs: touch
if I have to [brush] my teeth, I use my toothbrush with a Adjectives: untouched
little toothpaste. VERB
PUT HAND ON
top /tɒp/ [T] to put your hand on something
Dictionary examples:
NOUN That paint is wet - don't touch it.
CLOTHES He touched the girl on the arm to get her attention.
[C] a piece of clothing worn on the upper part of the body Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Suddenly, someone touched my arm and I screamed.
a black/striped top NOUN
I need a top to go with these trousers. be/get/keep, etc. in touch
Learner example: to communicate or continue to communicate with someone
I like wearing formal clothes but at a party I usually wear by telephoning, or writing to them
jeans and a nice top. Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] Are you still in touch with any of your old school friends?
HIGHEST PART Jane and I never kept in touch after college.
at the highest part of something Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I'll be in touch again soon.
There's a dirty mark on the top left-hand corner of the
photo. tour /tʊər/
The offices are on the top floor of the building.
He was standing on the top rung of a ladder. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: tour, tourism, tourist
My bedroom is quite big and on the top floor. VERB [I or T]
BEST to go on a tour somewhere
the best, most important, or most successful Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: We spent a month touring (around/round) Kenya.
He's one of the country's top athletes. The New Zealand team will be touring in Europe this winter.
So what would be your top choice for a holiday? The band are currently touring to promote their new album.
As a chess player, he's among the top 10% in the country. Learner example:
top jobs top universities She and her husband came over [to] England for [a] short
Learner example: stay and are touring Europe [on] a second honeymoon as
In the future I hope to be a cloth[es] designer or a top [it's the] 10th anniversary of their marriage.
model.
tourism /ˈtʊə.rɪ.zəm/
topic /ˈtɒp.ɪk/
Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: tour, tourism, tourist
a subject that you talk or write about NOUN [U]
Dictionary example: the business of providing services for tourists, including
Our discussion ranged over various topics, such as climate organizing their travel, hotels, entertainment, etc.
change and nuclear weapons. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: Tourism is Venice's main industry.
Do you know that food is one of my favourite topics of These beautiful old towns have remained relatively
conversation? untouched by tourism.
Learner example:
total /ˈtəʊ.təl/ As you know, Peru is one of the countries with [the] most
tourism around the world.
Word family:
Nouns: total tournament /ˈtʊə.nə.mənt/
Adjectives: total

175
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

NOUN [C] ADJECTIVE

a competition with a series of games between many teams following the customs or ways of behaving that have
or players, with one winner at the end continued in a group of people or society for a long time
Dictionary examples: Dictionary examples:
a tennis/chess/golf tournament traditional farming methods
They were defeated in the first round of the tournament. The dancers were wearing traditional Hungarian
Learner example: dress/costume.
I met him at a basketball tournament and his name is Mark. She's very traditional in her ideas.
Learner example:
towards /təˈwɔːdz/ If you come to visit me, I'll invite you to "La Provincana" to
have traditional Argentinian food.
PREPOSITION
DIRECTION traffic jam /ˈtræf.ɪkˌdʒæm/
in the direction of someone or something
Dictionary examples: NOUN [C]
She stood up and walked towards him. a line of cars, trucks, etc. that are moving slowly or not
He leaned towards his wife and whispered, "Can we go moving at all
home soon?" Dictionary example:
She kept glancing towards the telephone. They got stuck in a traffic jam.
Learner example: Learner example:
We took the train from Paris to Bordeaux, and from there Cities are always crowded; there are lots of traffic jams, so
we started to cycle towards the sea. they are very polluted.

tower /taʊər/ train /treɪn/

NOUN [C] Word family:

a very tall, narrow building, or part of a building Nouns: trainer, training, trainee
Dictionary examples: Verbs: train
the Eiffel Tower VERB
There's a clock on the church tower. SPORT
He works in an office tower in downtown San Francisco. [I or T] to practise a sport or exercise, often in order to
Learner example: prepare for a sporting event, or to help someone to do this
I think that, first of all, we should visit our capital because it Dictionary example:
has many old towers, castles and churches, which you have He's been training hard for the race for several weeks now.
to see. Learner example:
She told me that they are training for a tournament which is
track /træk/ in about four weeks.

NOUN trainer /ˈtreɪ.nər/

PATH
[C] a narrow path or road Word family:
Dictionary example: Nouns: trainer, training, trainee
We followed a dirt track off the main road. Verbs: train
Learner example: NOUN [C]
However, on the second day, the sun appeared, and we PERSON
went [o]n a mountain track. a person who teaches skills to people or animals and
RACE prepares them for a job, activity or sport
[C] a path, often circular, used for races Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: a teacher trainer
a race track a fitness trainer
The runners are now on their final lap of the track. They showed pictures of the horse and its trainer.
Learner example: Learner example:
There are 3 football fields, 4 basketball fields, an athletic[s] The trainer is O.K., too, and he told me that I can play in the
track, 4 tennis fields, and a bar [and] changing rooms. team in four to five weeks.

tracksuit /ˈtræk.suːt/ training /ˈtreɪ.nɪŋ/

NOUN [C] Word family:

loose, comfortable trousers and a top, especially worn for Nouns: trainer, training, trainee
exercising Verbs: train
Dictionary example: NOUN [U]
He was wearing a tracksuit and trainers. LEARNING SKILLS
Learner example: the process of learning the skills you need to do a particular
I also like wearing tracksuits, because they are very soft job or activity
and warm. Dictionary examples:
a training course
trade /treɪd/ a teacher-training college
New staff have/receive a week's training in how to use the
Word family: computers.
Nouns: trade, trader Learner example:
Verbs: trade I decided to join the new class because I [am] tak[ing]
NOUN training in broadcasting now, so I need to improve my
BUYING AND SELLING English.
[U] the buying and selling of large numbers of goods or SPORT
services, especially preparation for a sport or competition
between countries Dictionary example:
Dictionary examples: football training
The country's trade in manufactured goods has expanded Learner example:
in the last ten years. After the training, the team invited me to the club party
They rely heavily on trade with Europe. next weekend.
The two countries have signed a trade agreement for one
year only. transfer /trænsˈfɜːr/
Learner example:
You know, I work in a foreign trade company so I have to be VERB (-rr-)
well dressed. MOVE
[T] to move someone or something from one place to
traditional /trəˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/ another
Dictionary examples:
Word family: He has been transferred to a psychiatric hospital.
Nouns: tradition Police are investigating how £20 million was illegally
Adjectives: traditional transferred from the Trust's bank account.
Adverbs: traditionally

176
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

The aim is to transfer power/control/responsibility to I am living with a family in London which the travel agent
self-governing regional councils. recommended [to] me.
Learner example:
The person described himself as a financial officer of a traveller /ˈtræv.əl.ər/
South African government and needs a contact person in
Switzerland to transfer [the] sum of 200 million dollar[s]. Word family:
Nouns: traveller
translate /trænzˈleɪt/ Verbs: travel
NOUN [C]
Word family: someone who travels
Nouns: translation Dictionary example:
Verbs: translate This hotel is for serious travellers, rather than tourists on
VERB [I or T] two-week package holidays.
LANGUAGE Learner example:
to change written or spoken words from one language to Singapore - 'The Island of Paradise' - is a place travellers
another from all around the world would not want to miss.
Dictionary examples:
We were asked to translate a list of sentences. trend /trend/
She works for the EU, translating from English into French.
Learner example: NOUN [C]
I was ashamed because I needed someone to translate a general development or change in a situation or in the
[everything] that the people said to me. way that people are behaving
Dictionary examples:
translation /trænsˈleɪ.ʃən/ I'm not familiar with the latest trends in teaching
methodology.
Word family: The trend at the moment is towards a more natural and
Nouns: translation less made-up look.
Verbs: translate Surveys show a trend away from home-ownership and
NOUN [C or U] towards rented accommodation.
something which has been translated from one language to There's been a downward/upward trend in sales in the
another, or the last few years.
process of translating Learner example:
Dictionary examples: So the most important thing [about] shopping is that you
It's a translation from the original Spanish. can talk about the [lat]est news with your friend and look
In the second paper they are asked to do a translation. for the newest trends.
Much of the beauty of the rhymes is lost in translation.
Learner example: trick /trɪk/
We [did] some translations and wrote [a] few letters.
Word family:
transport /ˈtræn.spɔːt/ Nouns: trick
Verbs: trick
Word family: Adjectives: tricky
Nouns: transport, transportation NOUN [C]
Verbs: transport DECEIVE
NOUN [U] something you do to deceive or cheat someone, or to make
VEHICLES someone look stupid as a joke
a vehicle or system of vehicles, such as buses, trains, Dictionary examples:
aircraft, etc. for getting from She played a really nasty trick on me - she put syrup in my
one place to another shampoo bottle!
Dictionary examples: It's a bit of trick photography - she's meant to look like
investment in public transport she's walking on water.
Do you have your own transport? Learner example:
Bicycles are a cheap and efficient form of transport. At my first lesson, Jim decided to play a trick [on] us!
Learner example: MAGIC
We'll stay in a hostel [be]cause it's cheap and we'll use something that is done to entertain people and that seems
public transport. to be magic
Dictionary examples:
travel /ˈtræv.əl/ a card trick
My niece likes to do magic tricks for us.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: traveller She [did] some magic tricks.
Verbs: travel
VERB (-ll-) trouble /ˈtrʌb.l̩/
MOVE
[I] to move or go from one place to another Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: trouble
Supersonic planes can travel faster than the speed of Adjectives: troubled
sound. NOUN
News of the accident travelled fast. DIFFICULTIES
Learner example: [C or U] problems, difficulties, or worries
[In the film,] there were a lot of space-shuttles that Dictionary examples:
travelled around stars and planets. Parents often have trouble finding restaurants that
NOUN [U] welcome young children.
ACTIVITY The form was terribly complicated and I had a lot of trouble
the activity of travelling with it.
Dictionary examples: The trouble started when my father came to live with us.
air/space travel I should get it finished over the weekend without too much
business travel trouble.
We share a love of literature, food and travel. I'd like to go to the party, but the trouble is my parents
I heard on the travel news that there'd been an accident. won't let me.
Learner example: Learner example:
In the travel industry they are looking for Advanced English. I've decided to take this class because I felt I had some
trouble spelling words.
travel agent /ˈtræv.əlˌeɪ.dʒənt/ PUNISHMENT
[U] when you have done something wrong and are likely to
NOUN [C] be punished
someone whose job is making travel arrangements for Dictionary examples:
people Her children are always in trouble.
Dictionary example: They got into trouble with the police.
She worked for many years as a travel agent. He's never been in trouble with his teachers before.
Learner example: She'll be in big trouble if she's late again.

177
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

It's a great way of getting kids off the street and keeping NOUN
them out of trouble. the truth
Learner example: the real facts about a situation, event or person
Telling the truth keeps me out of trouble. Dictionary examples:
But was he telling the truth?
truck /trʌk/ I don't suppose we'll ever know the truth about what
happened that day.
NOUN [C] To tell (you) the truth I'm quite pleased he's not coming.
(UK ALSO lorry) a large road vehicle for carrying goods Learner example:
from place to place To tell the truth, I don't enjoy shopping for clothes.
Dictionary examples:
The road was completely blocked by an overturned truck. try /traɪ/
a truck driver
Learner example: VERB
My bed[room] ha[s] drawings of trucks and motorbike[s]. TEST
[T] to do, test, taste, etc. something to discover if it works
true /truː/ or if you like it
Dictionary examples:
Word family: I tried that recipe you gave me last night.
Nouns: truth He tried the door, but the handle was broken.
Adjectives: true Why don't you try using a different shampoo?
Adverbs: truly Learner example:
ADJECTIVE You should try Hungarian food.
REAL
[ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] real tube /tjuːb/
Dictionary examples:
true love NOUN
a true friend CONTAINER
The true horror of the accident did not become clear until [C] a long, thin container for a soft substance, that you
the morning. press to get the substance out
Learner example: Dictionary example:
The film we saw was so nice. It [was] about true friends. a tube of toothpaste
come true Learner example:
If a dream or hope comes true, it really happens. And, of course, she got a set of excellent tools and I won
Dictionary examples: only one thing: a tube of modelling glue.
I'd always dreamt of owning my own house, but I never the tube/the Tube
thought it would come true. the system of underground trains in London
After all the problems I'd had, Oliver's birth was a dream Dictionary example:
come true. I got the tube to Russell Square.
Learner example: Learner example:
I had been dreaming of going to London since I started The cinema we are going to is near Marble Arch Tube
learning English, and now that my dream had come true, I Station.
was over[w]helmed by joy and feeling very lucky. tuna /ˈtjuː.nə/
NOUN [C or U] (PLURAL tuna)
truly /ˈtruː.li/ a large sea fish, or the meat from this fish
Dictionary example:
Word family: I had a tuna sandwich for lunch.
Nouns: truth Learner example:
Adjectives: true I'll make tuna with tomatoes, it's delici[o]us.
Adverbs: truly
ADVERB tunnel /ˈtʌn.əl/
Yours truly, FORMAL US
used to end a letter NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: a long passage under the ground or through a mountain
I look forward to hearing from you. Yours truly, Taylor Dictionary example:
Champinski. The train went into the tunnel.
Learner example: Learner example:
Dear Clyde, . . . I hope my advice helps you [with] your Unfortunately, the tunnel was closed so I just had to
decision. Yours truly, continue walking on the pathway.

trumpet /ˈtrʌm.pɪt/ turkey /ˈtɜː.ki/

NOUN [C] NOUN [C or U]

a metal musical instrument that you play by blowing into it a bird that looks like a large chicken, or the meat of this
and pressing buttons to make different notes bird
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
Liz used to play the trumpet. We had turkey for dinner.
Learner example: Learner example:
I play the guitar and John plays the trumpet. I asked for a turkey pie [but] they gave me a beef pie, so
they change[d] it for me.
trust /trʌst/
turn /tɜːn/
VERB [T]
BELIEVE Word family:
to believe that someone is good and honest and will not Nouns: turn, turning
harm you, or that Verbs: turn
something is safe and reliable VERB
Dictionary examples: MOVE YOUR BODY
My sister warned me not to trust him. [I] to move your body so that you are facing a different
Trust me - I know about these things. direction
I trust her to make the right decision. Dictionary examples:
That man is not to be trusted. Ricky turned and saw Sue standing in the doorway.
I wouldn't trust him with my car. She put out the light, turned over and went to sleep.
Learner example: Learner example:
Do not trust him and be careful. I turned around and looked into the eyes of my favourite
football player Timo Hildebrand.
truth /truːθ/ CHANGE POSITION
[T] to move something round so that it faces a different
Word family: direction
Nouns: truth Dictionary example:
Adjectives: true Ella turned the cup to hide the crack in it.
Adverbs: truly Learner example:

178
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

I turned it over in my hands and looked at it quite carefully. ADVERB

PAGE USUALLY
[I or T] to move a page in a book or magazine in order to used for saying what usually happens
see the next one Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Typically, a doctor will see about thirty patients a day.
Now turn the page, please, and start Exercise 2. Tickets for such events will typically cost around thirty
He turned over two or three pages. dollars.
Now turn to page 23 and look at the first paragraph. Learner example:
Learner example: The climate of Brazil is typically tropical so the weather is
Television helps a lot to make our life easier. But, where is gorgeous.
the poetry of handling a book? Yes, there is a lot of poetry,
first you handle it, you turn the pages, second you can read
any passage, where and when you want. ugly /ˈʌg.li/
NOUN
TIME ADJECTIVE
[C] the time when you can or must do something, usually NOT BEAUTIFUL
before or after someone else unpleasant to look at
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
Is it my turn yet? an ugly building/city
It's your turn to do the washing up! Learner example:
In this game if you give the wrong answer you have to miss There are lots of trees and bushes, [and] lots of fresh air,
a turn. but the city itself is quite ugly.
Learner example:
I really enjoy[ed] the holidays in England with you, so now unable /ʌnˈeɪ.bl̩/
it's my turn to invite you to come to my country, Peru.
Word family:
turning /ˈtɜːn.ɪŋ/ Nouns: ability, disability, inability
Verbs: enable
Word family: Adjectives: able, disabled, unable
Nouns: turn, turning ADJECTIVE
Verbs: turn be unable to do sth
NOUN [C] to not be able to do something
a corner where one road meets another Dictionary example:
Dictionary example: We were unable to contact him at the time.
Take the first turning on the left. Learner example:
Learner example: I was just shocked, and unable to speak at all, or to
Then, take the second turning on the left and go along that breathe.
road until you get to the roundabout.
unbelievable /ˌʌn.bəˈliː.və.bl̩/
twin /twɪn/
Word family:
NOUN [C] Nouns: belief
one of two children who are born to the same mother at the Verbs: believe
same time Adjectives: unbelievable
Dictionary examples: ADJECTIVE
My sister has twin sons. SURPRISING
a twin sister extremely bad or good and making you feel surprised
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
I have twin cousins there and I love them [very] much. It's unbelievable how lucky she's been.
You've had such bad luck - it's unbelievable.
type /taɪp/ Learner example:
The food is unbelievable and I'm sure you'll love it.
Word family:
Nouns: type uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmpf.tə.bl̩/
Adjectives: typical
Adverbs: typically Word family:
VERB [I or T] Nouns: comfort, discomfort
to write something using a keyboard Verbs: comfort
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: comfortable, uncomfortable, comforting
She asked me to type a couple of letters. Adverbs: comfortably, uncomfortably
He can type very quickly. ADJECTIVE
I was typing away into the early hours of the morning just NOT COMFORTABLE
to get the thing finished. not feeling comfortable and pleasant, or not making you
Learner example: feel comfortable and pleasant
I'm typing this email to ask your permission to borrow your Dictionary examples:
bicycle. I've eaten so much, I'm really quite uncomfortable.
These shoes are really uncomfortable.
typical /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/ Learner example:
The thing[s] I most hate wearing are shirts, I think they're
Word family: very uncomfortable.
Nouns: type
Adjectives: typical uncountable noun /ʌnˌkaʊnt.ə.bl̩ˈnaʊn/
Adverbs: typically
ADJECTIVE NOUN [C]
having all the qualities you expect a particular person, a noun which does not have a plural form and cannot be
object, place, etc. to have used with 'a' or 'one'
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
I must look like the typical tourist with my shorts and my 'Information' and 'furniture' are uncountable nouns.
camera.
This sort of hot and spicy food is very typical of the food in underline /ˌʌn.dəˈlaɪn/ (ALSO underscore)
the south of the country.
Typical symptoms would include severe headaches, VERB [T]
vomiting and dizziness. DRAW LINE
Learner example: to draw a line under a word or sentence, especially in order
This film is a typical horror film. to show its importance
Dictionary example:
typically /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kli/ All the technical words have been underlined in red.
Learner example:
Word family: And, another disadvantage in my opinion is that is more
Nouns: type difficult to underline or to write some notes if you study
Adjectives: typical from the computer.
Adverbs: typically

179
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

underneath /ˌʌn.dəˈniːθ/ Learner example:

Later, after a discussion about unemployment, we did
PREPOSITION reading, writing and listening.
under or below something
Dictionary examples: unexpected /ˌʌn.ɪkˈspek.tɪd/
The tunnel goes right underneath the city.
They found a bomb underneath the car. Word family:
Learner example: Nouns: expectation
She was dressed like a princess, after spending the whole Verbs: expect
day looking for an appropriate dress, which she finally Adjectives: expected, unexpected
managed to find underneath her bed. Adverbs: unexpectedly
ADJECTIVE
underpants /ˈʌn.dəˌpænts/ not expected
Dictionary example:
NOUN [PLURAL] His death was completely unexpected.
a piece of underwear that covers the area between your Learner example:
waist and the top of your legs Last week I had an unexpected visit from my best friend -
Dictionary example: Mark.
I need some new underpants.
Learner example: unfair /ʌnˈfeər/
Was that woman me, standing there in those ugly-looking
underpants, but with a smart sports bra, with everybody Word family:
laughing around her? Nouns: fairness
Adjectives: fair, unfair
understand /ˌʌn.dəˈstænd/ (understood, understood) Adverbs: fairly, unfairly
ADJECTIVE
Word family: NOT EQUAL
Nouns: misunderstanding, understanding not treating people in a equal way
Verbs: misunderstand, understand Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: understandable, understanding an unfair system
Adverbs: understandably The test was unfair because some people had seen it
VERB [I or T] before.
KNOW FEELINGS Learner example:
to know how someone feels or why they behave in a He [always] gave me horrible marks and was very unfair.
particular way
Dictionary examples: unfit /ʌnˈfɪt/
I don't understand James sometimes.
I understand why she's so angry. ADJECTIVE
Learner example: NOT HEALTHY
Maybe now you can understand why I hate shopping. not healthy because you do too little exercise
kisses, Dictionary example:
I really must do some exercise - I'm so unfit.
underwear /ˈʌn.də.weər/ Learner example:
I was interested in practicing some sport, because I was
NOUN [U] feeling quite unfit.
the clothes that you wear next to your skin, under your
other clothes unforgettable /ˌʌn.fəˈget.ə.bl̩/
Dictionary example:
They sell a wide range of underwear. Word family:
Learner example: Verbs: forget
If I see some nice underwear, I will buy it too. Adjectives: unforgettable
ADJECTIVE
undress /ʌnˈdres/ Something that is unforgettable is so good, interesting, etc.
that you remember it for a long time.
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: dress Seeing Niagara Falls was an unforgettable experience.
Verbs: dress, undress Learner example:
Adjectives: dressed, undressed I've just arrived home and I'd like to thank you for the
VERB [I or T] unforgettable weekend.
to remove your clothes or someone else's clothes
Dictionary example: unfriendly /ʌnˈfrend.li/
She undressed the children and put them to bed.
Learner example: Word family:
The chair is for my clothes when I undress. Nouns: friend, friendliness, friendship
Adjectives: friendly, unfriendly
employed /ˌʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪd/ ADJECTIVE
not friendly
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: employee, employer, employment, unemployment, I found her rather unfriendly.
unemployed Learner example:
Verbs: employ My last teacher was very unfriendly.
Adjectives: unemployed unhappy /ʌnˈhæp.i/
ADJECTIVE Word family:
not having a job that provides money Nouns: happiness, unhappiness
Dictionary example: Adjectives: happy, unhappy
He's been unemployed for over a year. Adverbs: happily
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
I have been unemployed for four months. NOT SATISFIED
not satisfied
unemployment /ˌʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/ Dictionary examples:
I'm unhappy about the situation.
Word family: We were very unhappy with the service at the hotel.
Nouns: employee, employer, employment, unemployment, Learner example:
unemployed I'm still unhappy about my present accommodation [for]
Verbs: employ the following reasons.
Adjectives: unemployed
NOUN [U] unhealthy /ʌnˈhel.θi/
the number of people who are unemployed
Dictionary examples: Word family:
a rise/fall in unemployment Nouns: health
Unemployment has fallen/risen again for the third month Adjectives: healthy, unhealthy
in a row. ADJECTIVE

180
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

likely to become ill or likely to damage your health I'm the last survivor of a great civilization that is now
Dictionary example: extinguished. I've been looking for a planet like yours for
He has a very unhealthy lifestyle. ages, to transmit the secret of my people. Take this box:
Learner example: this source of energy means strength, it is the most
The city is unsafe and unhealthy because [of] the pollution powerful item in the universe!
and the violence.
unkind /ʌnˈkaɪnd/
unimportant /ˌʌn.ɪmˈpɔː.tənt/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: kindness
Nouns: importance Adjectives: kind, unkind
Adjectives: important, unimportant Adverbs: kindly
Adverbs: importantly ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVE slightly cruel
not important Dictionary examples:
Dictionary example: an unkind remark
Staffing is still a relatively unimportant issue compared to I didn't tell her the truth because I thought it would be
the other problems that we're facing. unkind.
Learner example: Learner example:
Pat told him some unimportant things such as she learnt to His daughter-in-law was most unkind towards him.
swim at the age of five or that she loved ants.
unknown /ʌnˈnəʊn/
uninterested /ʌnˈɪn.trə.stɪd/
Word family:
Word family: Nouns: knowledge, unknown
Nouns: interest Verbs: know
Adjectives: interested, interesting, uninterested, Adjectives: known, unknown, knowledgeable
uninteresting Adverbs: knowingly
Adverbs: interestingly ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVE NOT KNOWN
not interested not known
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
He's completely uninterested in politics. The exact number of people carrying the virus is unknown.
Learner example: Unknown to me, she'd organized a party for my birthday.
He is uninterested in his father['s] money. Learner example:
There w[ere] few words and the address was unknown.
uninteresting /ʌnˈɪn.trə.stɪŋ/ NOT FAMOUS
not famous
Word family: Dictionary example:
Nouns: interest an unknown actor
Adjectives: interested, interesting, uninterested, Learner example:
uninteresting Two unknown actors were being filmed while they were
Adverbs: interestingly acting.
ADJECTIVE
not interesting unless /ʌnˈles/
Dictionary example:
His later work is uninteresting in comparison with his first CONJUNCTION
novel. except if
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
My neighbours are particularly uninteresting, they bore me I won't call you unless there are any problems.
stiff! You can't get a job unless you've got experience.
Unless you call me to say you're not coming, I'll see you at
union /ˈjuː.ni.ən/ the theatre.
Learner example:
Word family: I never go shopping unless it's necessary.
Nouns: union, reunion
NOUN unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪ.kli/
WORKERS
[C] (ALSO trade union) an organization that represents Word family:
people who do a particular job Nouns: likelihood
Dictionary example: Adjectives: likely, unlikely
a teachers'/firefighters' union ADJECTIVE
Learner example: NOT LIKELY
Otherwise there will be some problems with trade unions. not likely
Dictionary examples:
unit /ˈjuː.nɪt/ It's unlikely that we'll see them again.
We might see them there but it's fairly unlikely.
NOUN [C] He's unlikely to arrive before midday.
SINGLE THING Learner example:
a single thing or a separate part of something larger Unfortunately, it is very unlikely that I would be able to go
Dictionary examples: and collect the keys at that time, because I have arranged
The first year of the course is divided into four units. an appointment with my doctor to see him about my leg.
Each unit of the course book focuses on a different
grammar point. unlucky /ʌnˈlʌk.i/
Learner example:
I'm sorry but I can't come [to] tomorrow's class because my Word family:
father [had a] car crash and I have to take care [of] him but Nouns: luck
don't worry I can do the unit of my workbook and do the Adjectives: lucky, unlucky
exercise. Adverbs: luckily
ADJECTIVE
universe /ˈjuː.nɪ.vɜːs/ having or causing bad luck
Dictionary examples:
Word family: They played well and were unlucky to lose.
Nouns: universe Some people think it's unlucky to walk under ladders.
Adjectives: universal Learner example:
Adverbs: universally I'm going to tell you a story of an unlucky man.
NOUN
the universe unnecessary /ʌnˈnes.ə.ser.i/
everything that exists, including all the stars, space, etc.
Dictionary example: Word family:
Is there intelligent life elsewhere in the universe? Nouns: necessity
Learner example: Adjectives: necessary, unnecessary

181
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Adverbs: necessarily, unnecessarily not before a particular time or event

ADJECTIVE Dictionary example:
describes something that could be avoided or that is not We won't start the meeting until Jeanne is here.
needed Learner example:
Dictionary examples: We didn't stop laughing until the movie finished.
You don't want to make any unnecessary car journeys in
this weather. unwell /ʌnˈwel/
The aim is to kill the animal as quickly as possible without
causing unnecessary suffering. Word family:
Learner example: Adjectives: unwell, well
Don't waste too much time with unnecessary TV shows or ADJECTIVE [NEVER BEFORE NOUN] FORMAL
computer games. ill
Dictionary example:
unpack /ʌnˈpæk/ to feel/look unwell
Learner example:
Word family: I won't be able to go to your English class tomorrow
Nouns: pack, package morning because my sister is unwell and I will have to stay
Verbs: pack, unpack with her.
Adjectives: packed
VERB [I or T] up /ʌp/
to remove things from a suitcase, bag or box
Dictionary example: ADVERB
I haven't even had time to unpack my go/walk, etc. up to sb/sth
bag/case/clothes/suitcase. to walk directly towards someone or something until you
Learner example: are next to them
After I unpacked, I asked if I c[ould] have a guide to show Dictionary example:
me [around the] town. He came straight up to me and introduced himself.
Learner example:
unpleasant /ʌnˈplez.ənt/ She came up to him to help him with the luggage.
NOT IN BED
Word family: not in bed
Nouns: pleasure Dictionary example:
Verbs: please I stayed up all night finishing this report.
Adjectives: pleasant, pleased, unpleasant, pleasurable Learner example:
Adverbs: pleasantly That night we were up until late talking and after a couple
ADJECTIVE of days she left.
NOT PLEASANT be up to sb
not enjoyable or pleasant If an action or decision is up to someone, they are
Dictionary example: responsible for doing or making it.
an unpleasant experience/smell Dictionary examples:
Learner example: I can't decide for you, Jack, it's up to you.
On top of that, if you stay in the countryside, you will avoid It's up to Sophie to decide whether she wants to enter the
the smog and the noise of the city, which are very competition.
unpleasant! Learner example:
This is my opinion but it's up to you.
untidy /ʌnˈtaɪ.di/ be up to sth
INFORMAL to be doing or planning something
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Verbs: tidy What are you up to at the moment?
Adjectives: tidy, untidy They're up to something - I can tell.
ADJECTIVE Learner example:
not tidy What have you been up to?
Dictionary examples: PREPOSITION
an untidy room up to 10, 20, etc.
She's really untidy at home. any amount or number under 10, 20, etc.
Learner example: Dictionary example:
Now we need to buy some drawers to put our clothes away, We can invite up to 65 people.
which are for the moment kept in our suitcase and look Learner example:
very untidy! A wedding can cost up to 10,000 SFr.
up to/until/till, etc.
until /ʌnˈtɪl/ (ALSO till) until a particular time
Dictionary example:
PREPOSITION You can call me up until midnight.
not until Learner example:
not before a particular time or event The party will be in my house up to 1:00 a.m., then we will
Dictionary examples: go to Jean's house.
We didn't eat until past midnight.
It doesn't open until 7:00. update /ʌpˈdeɪt/
Learner example:
Two weeks ago I rec[ei]ved your letter but I couldn't answer VERB [T]
you until now. ADD INFORMATION
CONJUNCTION to add new information
TIME Dictionary examples:
continuing to happen before a particular time or event and The website has just been updated.
then stopping We'll update you on this news story throughout the day.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
Hadn't we better wait until Antony arrives? Besides, I can also always update my knowledge by visiting
I waited until they'd gone before I started clearing up. the information and new technology websites on the
Whisk the egg whites until they look white and fluffy. Internet from time to time.
Learner example:
I had always wanted to travel by plane to another country upload /ʌpˈləʊd/
but I [di]dn't have the op[p]ortunity until I was eleven years
old. VERB [T]
DIRECTIONS to send a computer program or a document electronically
as far as from your computer, using the Internet
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
Go straight on until you reach the round about and then All the files have been uploaded to the server.
take the second exit. Learner example:
Learner example: You should upload it [to] the website.
On the second day, we cycled [for] approximately 4 hours
until we reached a beautiful castle. upon /əˈpɒn/
not until

182
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

PREPOSITION I'd have no use for a boat.

once upon a time Don't throw that cloth away, you'll find a use for it one
used at the beginning of a story to mean a long time ago day.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess. We need computers in many places, and [for] many uses
Learner example: today.
Once upon a time there was a very poor family.
used /juːst/
upper /ˈʌp.ər/
ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] be used to sb/sth/doing sth
HIGH POSITION to be familiar with something or someone
at a higher position or level than something else Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: We're used to tourists here - we get thousands every year.
the upper lip/body He's used to working long hours.
The office block's upper floors were being repainted. She was not used to speaking Cantonese.
Learner example: Learner example:
I am doing the upper intermediate level and last summer I When I'm working, I'm used to wearing something more
was in London [for] three months. conservative.
get/become used to sb/sth/doing sth
upstairs /ˈʌp.steəz/ to become familiar with something or someone
Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] You'll get used to Ted eventually.
on or at a higher level of a building Climbers soon become used to the thinner air at 5000
Dictionary example: metres.
an upstairs window Learner example:
Learner example: In addition, I've got used to look[ing] after them.
Suddenly, Robert [and I] heard a strange noise coming from
an upstairs room but we kept on reading quietly. used to /ˈjuːst.tuː/

up-to-date /ˌʌp.təˈdeɪt/ ALSO (up to date) MODAL VERB

used to do/be sth
ADJECTIVE If something used to happen or a situation used to exist, it
modern, recent, or containing the latest information happened regularly or in the past but it does not happen or
Dictionary examples: exist now.
The website contains up-to-date information on live Dictionary examples:
football matches. She used to live in Detroit.
The Internet keeps us up to date. He used to be a pilot.
It is essential to have an up-to-date dictionary. You don't come and see me like you used to.
Learner example: When we were younger, we didn't used to drink coffee.
I will write more later - I do need to give you up-to-date Learner example:
information on my love life! It's an American film about a girl that used to live in Africa.

urgent /ˈɜː.dʒənt/ useless /ˈjuː.sləs/

Word family: Word family:

Adjectives: urgent Nouns: use, user, misuse, usefulness
Adverbs: urgently Verbs: use, misuse
ADJECTIVE Adjectives: useful, useless
very important and needing you to take action immediately ADJECTIVE
Dictionary examples: NO HELP
an urgent message If something is useless, it does not work well or it has no
He's got to sign that paper - will you tell him it's urgent? effect.
Many people are in urgent need of food and water. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: This umbrella's useless - there's a big hole in it.
I want to apologise for missing tomor[r]ow's class, because It's useless arguing with her.
I have to attend an urgent family meeting at my Learner example:
grandparents' house. I started digging, but it was useless.

urgently /ˈɜː.dʒənt.li/ user /ˈjuː.zər/

Word family: Word family:

Adjectives: urgent Nouns: use, user, misuse, usefulness
Adverbs: urgently Verbs: use, misuse
ADVERB Adjectives: useful, useless
in a way that is urgent NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: someone who uses a product, machine or service
Help is urgently needed. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: drug users
I have e-mailed you to tell you that I need your bicycle Unemployed people are the main users of this advice
urgently. centre.
When you log in, you will be asked for your user name and
use /juːs/ password.
Learner example:
Word family: I would like to meet other experienced computer users in
Nouns: use, user, misuse, usefulness order to share programs as well as tips and tricks about
Verbs: use, misuse programming.
Adjectives: useful, useless
VERB [T] /juːz/ usual /ˈjuː.ʒu.əl/
REDUCE
to take an amount from a supply of something Word family:
Dictionary examples: Adjectives: unusual, usual
Taking a shower uses less water than having a bath. Adverbs: unusually, usually
These bulbs use a lot of electricity. ADJECTIVE
Learner example: NORMAL
The equipment in the kitchen is very old and use[s] a lot of normal and happening most often
electricity and gas. Dictionary examples:
NOUN I went to bed at my usual time.
PURPOSE You'll find the box in its usual place.
[C or U] a purpose for which something is used There was more rain than usual this summer in the
Dictionary examples: mountain areas.
A food processor has a variety of uses in the kitchen. Learner example:

183
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

We are going to meet at 5 pm at the station and then go for Factory work often lacks variety.
a pizza - you know where, the usual place "Pizza Express". I think you need a bit more variety in your diet.
Learner example:
You know, I like variety a lot and don't like my friends to
valley /ˈvæl.i/ see me with [the same] clothes.

NOUN [C] vase /vɑːz/

an area of low land between hills or mountains, often with a
river running through it NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: a container that you put flowers in
the Nile Valley Dictionary examples:
the Thames valley a glass vase
There was snow on the hill tops but not in the valley. a vase of flowers
Learner example: Learner example:
My home town is situated in a valley. Yesterday I went to a shopping centre with my mother, and
bought a small desk, a radio, a vase, and a small s[ofa].
valuable /ˈvæl.jʊ.bl̩/
vegetarian /ˌvedʒ.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/
Word family:
Nouns: value NOUN [C]
Verbs: value someone who does not eat meat or fish
Adjectives: valuable, invaluable Dictionary example:
ADJECTIVE Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in
OBJECTS Britain, nearly two-thirds are women.
Valuable objects are worth a lot of money. Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I've heard that even the non-vegetarian food is good there,
valuable paintings but I'm a vegetarian.
These antiques are extremely valuable. ADJECTIVE
Learner example: not eating, containing or using meat or fish
So as you can imagine, not only is the ring valuable but it Dictionary examples:
also means a lot to me since it makes me remember Brazil! All her children are vegetarian.
vegetarian cooking/food
value /ˈvæl.juː/ a vegetarian dish/meal
She's recently gone/become vegetarian.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: value Do you like vegetarian food?
Verbs: value
Adjectives: valuable, invaluable vehicle /ˈviː.ɪ.kl̩/
NOUN
MONEY NOUN [C]
[C or U] how much money something could be sold for TRANSPORT
Dictionary examples: something such as a car or bus that takes people from one
The new road has affected the value of these houses. place to another, especially using roads
She had already sold everything of value that she Dictionary example:
possessed. The driver of the vehicle was unhurt.
Cars quickly go down in value. Learner example:
The value of the pound fell against other European Sometimes I watch programmes about cars and other
currencies yesterday. vehicles, because I'm keen on them.
Learner example:
"Well, there was nothing of value in [the suitcase]," my vet /vet/
mother remarked, but I was close to tears.
good value (for money) NOUN [C]
If something is good value, it is of good quality or you think someone whose job is to give medical care to animals that
the amount of money you spent on it was right. are ill or hurt
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
The meal was very good value. Helen is training to become a vet.
Learner example: Learner example:
It's real[l]y good value for money, including all equipment, Sorry Mr Smith but I'[ll miss] tomorrow's class as I have to
accom[m]odation and food. go to the vet with my dog.
IMPORTANCE
[U] how useful or important something is via /vaɪə/
Dictionary examples:
The documents are of great historical value. PREPOSITION
The necklace had great sentimental value. JOURNEY
Learner example: going through or stopping at a place on the way to another
I was really sad because th[ese] shoes had a lot of place
sentimental value for me, and they were made of genuine Dictionary example:
le[a]ther! The train to Utrecht goes via Amsterdam.
Learner example:
van /væn/ Two years ago I travel[l]ed to Canada via Italy.
USING
NOUN [C] using a particular machine, system or person to send or
a vehicle that is used for carrying things but which is recieve something
smaller than a truck Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Reports are coming in via satellite.
a delivery van I only found out about it via my sister.
a van driver Learner example:
Learner example: I hate shopping via [the] internet.
I looked in my mirror and saw [a] white van.
video clip /ˈvɪd.i.əʊˌklɪp/
variety /vəˈraɪə.ti/
NOUN [C]
Word family: a short video recording that you can see on a website
Nouns: variation, variety, variable Dictionary example:
Verbs: vary The website has several video clips of Murray's recent
Adjectives: varied, various, variable matches.
Adverbs: invariably Learner example:
NOUN It shows how a band or a singer do their video clips.
BEING DIFFERENT
[U] the quality of often changing or of being made of many view /vjuː/
different things
Dictionary examples: Word family:

184
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Nouns: view, viewer The committee voted on the proposal, and accepted it.
Verbs: view Learner example:
NOUN Then the audience and the ju[dg]es voted w[hi]ch country
OPINION was the best.
[C] your opinion NOUN
Dictionary examples: SHOW CHOICE
We have different views about/on education. [C] when someone shows their choice or opinion in an
In my view, her criticisms were justified. election or meeting by writing a cross on an official piece of
I take the view that everyone should be free to decide for paper or putting their hand up
themselves. Dictionary examples:
It's my view that everyone should have the right to choose. He lost the election by twenty votes.
We had a friendly exchange of views. The suggestion was approved, with 25 votes in favour, and
Learner example: 7 against.
Well, in my view, spending time in a city is more sensible. She cast her vote for the Green Party.
Learner example:
virus /ˈvaɪə.rəs/ [T]he one who get[s] the most votes will get 1000 Baht as
first prize.
NOUN [C]
COMPUTER PROBLEM vowel /vaʊəl/
a program that is secretly put onto a computer in order to
destroy the information that is stored on it NOUN [C]
Dictionary example: a speech sound that you make with your lips and teeth
My computer has been behaving oddly and I suspect it's a open, shown in English by the letters a, e, i, o, or u
virus. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: A short vowel is a short sound as in the word 'cup'.
That document was a "virus" and erased all my documents A long vowel is a long sound as in the word 'shoe'.
[o]n my computer. Learner example:
[In the game,] he let the student[s] cho[o]se [a] vowel or
visa /ˈviː.zə/ consonant.

NOUN [C] wage /weɪdʒ/

an official mark in your passport which allows you to enter
or leave a particular country NOUN [NO PLURAL] (ALSO wages)
Dictionary example: the amount of money a person regularly receives for their
We travelled to Argentina on a tourist visa. job
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
Tomorrow I am not going to attend [the] class because I weekly wages
have to apply for my visa at 9.00. He earns/gets good wages at the factory.
a very low/high wage
visit /ˈvɪz.ɪt/ the minimum wage
an hourly/daily/weekly wage
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: visit, visitor I know it is not nice for my family but I [earn] a good wage
Verbs: visit for that.
NOUN [C]
when you visit a place or a person wait /weɪt/
Dictionary examples:
the President's visit to Argentina VERB [I]
I think I'll pay a visit to the hairdresser's while I'm in town. keep sb waiting
We had a visit from the school inspector last week. to be late so that someone has to wait for you
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
The problem is that my mother arranged a visit [to] the I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
doctor, and after that [to] the dentist. The dentist kept me waiting for ages.
Learner example:
voice /vɔɪs/ I'm sorry for keep[ing] you waiting.
wait a minute/moment
NOUN said in order to interrupt someone, or to get their attention
SOUNDS or when you have suddenly thought of something important
[C] the sounds that are made when people speak or sing Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: Now, wait a moment - I don't agree with that.
She has a very loud/quiet/soft voice. Wait a minute - I've just had an idea.
a clear/deep voice Learner example:
You could tell from her voice that she wasn't pleased. Oh! Wait a minute...
She lowered her voice to a whisper.
Could you please keep your voices down? wake /weɪk/
Learner example:
Her voice is so clear and she has the nicest eyes which I've VERB [I or T] (woke, woken)
ever seen. to stop sleeping or to make someone else stop sleeping
volume /ˈvɒl.juːm/ Dictionary example:
NOUN Please wake me early tomorrow.
SOUND Learner example:
[U] the level of sound produced by a television, radio, etc. Hey Dan, I didn't want to wake you, that's why I left this
Dictionary example: note.
Could you turn the volume up/down, please.
Learner example: walk /wɔːk/
After we went to the disco and we danced together, but the
volume of the music was too high to talk! Word family:
Nouns: walk, walking, walker
vote /vəʊt/ Verbs: walk
VERB [I or T]
Word family: walk sb home/to sth
Nouns: vote, voter to walk with someone in order to guide them or keep them
Verbs: vote safe
VERB [I or T] Dictionary example:
to show your choice or opinion in an election or meeting by He walked me to my house.
writing a mark on an official piece of paper or by putting Learner example:
your hand up Then we went to the bar beside the restaurant to have a
Dictionary examples: last drink and he walked me home.
Who did you vote for? walk the dog
The unions voted against strike action. to walk with a dog to give the dog exercise
Staff have voted to accept the pay offer. Dictionary example:
She was too young to vote in the national election. I walk the dog twice a day.

185
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Learner example: The Japanese recycle more than half of their waste paper.
Well, I suppose in my opinion you should walk the dog three Learner example:
times a day. In addition, some waste materials are carried to the
incinerator where they are burnt completely at very high
wardrobe /ˈwɔː.drəʊb/ temperatures.
VERB [T]
NOUN USE TOO MUCH
FURNITURE to use too much of something or use something badly when
[C] a large cupboard for keeping clothes in there is a limited amount of it
Dictionary example: Dictionary examples:
She was showing me her new built-in/fitted wardrobes. You waste a lot of water by having a bath instead of a
Learner example: shower.
I want to sell a wooden wardrobe, because I've bought a Come on, let's get started - we've wasted enough time
new one. already.
Don't waste your money on me, love, keep it for yourself.
warm /wɔːm/ Learner example:
It's nice to hear that you want to go to Colombia and I'm
Word family: really happy because I can tell you all the details so you
Nouns: warmth won't waste time and money.
Verbs: warm
Adjectives: warm waterfall /ˈwɔː.tə.fɔːl/
Adverbs: warmly
ADJECTIVE NOUN [C]
FRIENDLY water, especially from a river or stream, dropping from a
friendly and loving higher to a lower point, sometimes from a great height
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
They're a very warm family. We walked for an hour and arrived at the waterfall.
He has a lovely warm smile.
I'd like to give a warm welcome to our guests this evening. wave /weɪv/
Learner example:
He is warm and friendly. VERB [I or T]
HAND
warn /wɔːn/ to raise your hand and move it from side to side in order to
attract someone's attention or to say goodbye
Word family: Dictionary examples:
Nouns: warning I waved to/at him from the window but he didn't see me.
Verbs: warn She was so annoyed she wouldn't even wave us
VERB [T] goodbye/wave goodbye to us.
to make someone realise a possible danger or problem, She waves her hands about/around a lot when she's
especially one in the future talking.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
We were warned not to eat the fish. She waved at me and I smiled.
Have you warned them (that) there will be an extra person NOUN [C]
for dinner? WATER
I was warned against/off going to the east coast because a line of higher water which moves across the surface of an
it was so full of tourists. area of water,
This particular curry is extremely hot - be warned! especially the sea
Put that ball down and come over here, Laura - I'm warning Dictionary example:
you! At night, I listened to the sound of the waves
Learner example: breaking/crashing against the shore.
I tried to warn him that there would be a lot of people Learner example:
looking at him. I already know you surf and the waves at Reserva will be
huge this weekend [so] we will surely surf together.
warning /ˈwɔː.nɪŋ/
way /weɪ/
Word family:
Nouns: warning NOUN
Verbs: warn DIRECTION
NOUN [C or U] [C] the direction in which something is facing or travels
something that tells or shows you that something bad may Dictionary examples:
happen "Which way does the room face?" "North."
Dictionary examples: This bus is going the wrong way.
There's a warning on the cigarette packet that says Which way up should this box be?
'Tobacco seriously damages health'. The numbers are the wrong way round - it should be 71,
The bombs fell completely without warning. not 17.
Just a word of warning - restaurants in this area can be Learner example:
very expensive. Although he had told us he knew this address, he went [the]
The government have today issued a warning about the wrong way.
dangers of sunbathing. DISTANCE
Learner example: [NO PLURAL] a distance or a period of time
Without any warning he pushed [me]. Dictionary examples:
We walked a long way yesterday.
waste /weɪst/ The holidays seem like they're a long way away/off.
Learner example:
NOUN I like this best because [it] is not a long way from home.
BAD USE no way INFORMAL
[U NO PLURAL] an unnecessary or wrong use of money, used to tell someone that something is impossible
substances, time, energy, Dictionary examples:
abilities, etc. I'm sorry but there's no way we can help you.
Dictionary examples: No way will she agree to you leaving early.
That meeting achieved absolutely nothing - it was a Learner example:
complete waste of time. Don't worry, there is no way I'm going to miss it!
She's been unemployed for two years and it's such a waste a/sb's way of life
of her talents. the manner in which a person lives
This food mixer's been a total waste of money - we never Dictionary example:
use it. She told us all about her way of life in Japan.
Learner example: Learner example:
I don't [watch] m[uch] television because I think it's a waste He told me about his hobbies, his way of life and especially
of time. about his love [of] learning languages.
ADJECTIVE either way
Waste material is no longer needed and can be got rid of. used to talk about two possibilities where the result will be
Dictionary example: the same

186
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary examples: Some couples prefer to [have] a traditional wedding in an

You can get there by train or bus - either way it'll take an old village.
hour.
He might have to resign or he might be given a desk job, weigh /weɪ/
but either way, his career is effectively over.
Learner example: Word family:
If that doesn't work, you can ask them to talk to your Nouns: weight
friends' parents so you could all go together. Either way, I Verbs: weigh, outweigh
know you will have lots of fun this summer. Adjectives: overweight
VERB [T]
we /wiː/ HEAVINESS
to have a heaviness of a stated amount, or to measure the
PRONOUN heaviness of an object
ALL PEOPLE Dictionary examples:
used to refer to people generally How much do you weigh?
Dictionary example: She weighs herself every week on the scales in the
The world in which we live today is very different. bathroom.
Learner example: Your luggage must be weighed before it is put on the
Why can't we live without computers? aircraft.
Learner example:
weak /wiːk/ You can [see] monkeys that weigh only 100g.

Word family: weight /weɪt/

Nouns: weakness
Verbs: weaken Word family:
Adjectives: weak Nouns: weight
ADJECTIVE Verbs: weigh, outweigh
BODY Adjectives: overweight
not physically strong NOUN
Dictionary example: AMOUNT
It's not surprising you feel weak if you haven't eaten [U] the amount that something or someone weighs
properly for days. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: He's about average height and weight.
I felt so weak that I wasn't able to tidy and wash up. I need to lose a bit of weight.
NOT GOOD Graham's put on a lot of weight recently.
not good at something These drugs can cause patients to gain weight.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
She reads well but her spelling is weak. So let me describe Fabian: he has brown hair and his weight
Learner example: is about 75 kg.
Listening is my weak point so I have to improve.
welcome /ˈwel.kəm/
wear /weər/
VERB [T]
VERB [T] (wore, worn) MEET
wear (sth) out or wear out (sth) PHRASAL VERB to greet someone who has arrived in a place
to use something so much that it is damaged and cannot be Dictionary examples:
used any more, or to become damaged in this way Both families were there to welcome us.
Dictionary example: The visitors to the college were warmly welcomed by the
He's already worn out two pairs of shoes this year. principal.
Learner example: Learner example:
My shoes are worn out too! I have to get new ones. Everyone welcomed us to their village.
ADJECTIVE
weather forecast /ˈweð.əˌfɔːr.kɑːst/ PLEASED
If you are welcome, people are pleased that you are there.
NOUN [C] Dictionary examples:
a description of what the weather will be like You will always be welcome here.
Dictionary example: She makes us (feel) welcome whenever we visit her.
Have you heard the weather forecast for tomorrow? Learner example:
Learner example: You know that you are very welcome in my country.
The weather forecast is not so good for the next two days: be welcome to do sth
rain and wind. used to tell someone that they can certainly do something,
if they want to
web /web/ Dictionary example:
Anyone who is interested is welcome to come along.
NOUN [C] Learner example:
SPIDER You're very welcome to join too if you want.
a type of net made by a spider to catch insects NOUN [C or U]
Dictionary example: FRIENDLY TREATMENT
a spider's web when someone is met and spoken to in a friendly way when
Learner example: they arrive in a place
On the way coming back to [the] hotel I almost got lost Dictionary examples:
because the underground was like a spider['s] web. They were given a warm welcome.
She referred to his previous visit in her welcome speech.
webcam /ˈweb.kæm/ Learner example:
Dear Bertha, Once again I want to thank you very much for
NOUN [C] your hospitality and the warm welcome you gave me.
a camera that records moving pictures and sounds and
allows these to be shown on the Internet as they happen well /wel/
Dictionary example:
I see my grandchildren via the webcam. Word family:
Adjectives: unwell, well
wedding /ˈwed.ɪŋ/ ADJECTIVE (better, best)
all is well
NOUN [C] everything is in a good or acceptable state
a marriage ceremony and any celebrations such as a meal Dictionary example:
or a party that follow it I hope all is well with Jack.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
a wedding cake/dress/invitation/present/reception I hope all's well.
Do you know the date of Cathy and Matthew's wedding? EXCLAMATION
It was their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary last week. Oh well
Learner example: used to say that a situation cannot be changed although it
might be disappointing

187
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary example: What's up? Nice to see you again.

Oh well, it doesn't matter, I can always buy another one. Learner example:
Learner example: Hi Teresa What's up? I am good.
I always dreamed [of going] sailing, but not even a little DETERMINER
boat [is] left, some other people [have] already booked STRONG OPINION
them! Oh well. used to give your opinion, especially when you have strong
feelings about
well-dressed /ˌwelˈdrest/ something
Dictionary examples:
ADJECTIVE What rubbish!
wearing attractive, good-quality clothes What a mess!
Dictionary example: What an awful day!
She is a very well-dressed woman. Learner example:
Learner example: Last Saturday we decided to watch the film "Pinocchio" by
It is a party for the students who take part in the Roberto Benigni. What a beautiful soundtrack! What an
conference, so you do not need to be welldressed. interesting fable!

western (ALSO Western) /ˈwes.tən/ whatever /wɒtˈevər/

Word family: PRONOUN

Nouns: west ANYTHING
Adjectives: western anything or everything
ADJECTIVE Dictionary examples:
DIRECTION The children are allowed to do whatever they want.
in or from the west part of an area I eat whatever I want and I still don't seem to gain weight.
Dictionary examples: Whatever I say I always seem to get it wrong.
western Europe California and other western states Learner example:
Learner example: I think people should wear whatever they want to.
It is in the western part of Kyoto.
COUNTRIES wheelchair /ˈwiːl.tʃeər/
relating to countries in the west part of the world, especially
North America and countries in the west of Europe NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: a chair with wheels used by someone who cannot walk
western opinion/culture Dictionary example:
a Western-educated engineer My brother uses a wheelchair.
western medicine Learner example:
Learner example: In the hospital, I was sentenced to be confined to [a]
Nowadays, most young people would like to wear suits and wheelchair for the rest of my life.
dresses like Westerners because, they're more interested in
western culture. whenever /wenˈev.ər/

wet /wet/ CONJUNCTION

EVERY TIME
ADJECTIVE (wetter, wettest) every time or any time
NOT DRY YET Dictionary example:
describes paint, ink, or a similar substance when it has not Whenever I go there they seem to be out.
had time to dry and become hard Learner example:
Dictionary examples: I read whenever I can, specially at night.
The paint's still wet.
a sign saying 'Wet paint!' wherever /werˈev.ər/

whale /weɪl/ CONJUNCTION

EVERY PLACE
NOUN [C] in or to any or every place
a very large sea mammal that breathes air through a hole Dictionary examples:
at the top of its head You can sit wherever you like.
Learner example: Wherever you choose to live there are always going to be
One month ago I saw a programme about whales [that] are disadvantages.
fished near Japan. Learner example:
I will be able to take you wherever you want in [a] matter of
what /wɒt/ minutes.

PRONOUN whether /ˈweð.ər/

THE THING
used to refer to something without naming it CONJUNCTION
Dictionary examples: IF
Do you know what I mean? used especially in reporting questions and when expressing
She wouldn't tell me what he said. doubt to mean if
What I like most about her is her honesty. Dictionary examples:
The letter showed clearly what they were planning. I wasn't sure whether you'd like it.
I can't decide what to do next. She asked me whether I was interested in working for her.
Have you thought about what to send as a present? I doubt whether it'll work.
Learner example: It all depends on whether or not she's got the time.
I don't know what to do now. Learner example:
What about ...? It's very expensive and I'm so broke that I don't know
used to ask for someone's opinion on a particular subject whether I can afford to buy one.
Dictionary example: whether... or
What about Ava - is she nice? used to talk about a choice between two or more
Learner example: possibilities
I also enjoy shopping for shoes, what about you? Dictionary examples:
What if ...? I'm going, whether she likes it or not.
used to ask about something that could happen in the Someone's got to tell her, whether it's you or me.
future, especially Let's face it - you're going to be late whether you go by bus
something bad or train.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
What if the train's late? I don't know whether to stay or to go.
What if you don't pass your exams?
Learner example: which /wɪtʃ/
What if the children were in trouble?
What's up? INFORMAL PRONOUN
used to ask how things are with someone ADDING INFORMATION
Dictionary example: used to give extra information about something

188
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

Dictionary example: connected to

The book, which includes a map, gives you all the Dictionary examples:
information you need about Budapest. Whose bag is this?
Learner example: Whose car shall we use?
Turning to the end-of-conference party, it is going to be Learner example:
held in a nearby buffet restaurant, Valentine's, which has Whose fault is [it]?
good quality food and reasonable prices. MORE INFORMATION
used for adding information about a person or thing just
while /waɪl/ mentioned
Dictionary examples:
CONJUNCTION Cohen, whose contract ends next week, is likely to move to
COMPARING play for a European club.
used to compare two different facts or situations It was an old house, whose basement had been flooded.
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
He gets fifty thousand pounds a year while I get only My new friend, whose name is Mark, is my co-worker.
twenty! PRONOUN
Tom is very confident while Katy is shy and quiet. used to ask who something belongs to or who someone or
Learner example: something is
In Italy, weddings [are] very traditional! The girls [wear] a connected to
long, white dress, while the boys, normally, [wear] dark Dictionary examples:
[clothes]. Whose is this bag?
NOUN Whose is that book?
a while
a length of time why /waɪ/
Dictionary examples:
I only stayed for a short while. ADVERB
You were there a while, weren't you? TALK ABOUT REASON
"When did that happen?" "Oh, it was a while ago". used to talk about the reason for something
After a while, Roberto came back inside. Dictionary examples:
I haven't seen him for a while. I don't know why she isn't here.
I'll be fine in a while. Quite why he isn't here today is a mystery.
Learner example: There is no reason why we shouldn't succeed.
After a while, a girl invited me to play darts with her and Learner example:
her friends. Also, you didn't say why the photography and painting
quite a while courses were so popular.
a long time why not?
Dictionary examples: used to agree with something that someone has suggested
I hadn’t seen Rebecca in quite a while. Dictionary example:
It took quite a while to clean out the garage. "Let's have an ice cream." "Yes, why not?"
Learner example: Learner example:
But although I have what you could call "simple" tastes, it She said, I have two tickets for a new film [with] Tom Cruise
takes me quite a while to decide what to buy. - would you like to come with me?
Well I said why not, so I went with her to see this film.
white /waɪt/
wide /waɪd/
ADJECTIVE
PERSON Word family:
Someone who is white has skin that is pale in colour. Nouns: width
Dictionary examples: Verbs: widen
He had a black mother and a white father. Adjectives: wide
He's described as a white man in his early thirties. Adverbs: widely
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
He had just been beaten by a group of white men. 5 miles/10 metres, etc. wide
having a distance of 5 miles/10 metres, etc. from one side
who /huː/ to the other
Dictionary example:
PRONOUN The swimming pool is five metres wide.
ADDING INFORMATION Learner example:
used to give more information about someone From the two metres wide window I can overlook the city
Dictionary example: and the lake.
My brother, who's only 17, has already passed his driving a wide range/selection/variety, etc.
test. a lot of different types of thing
Learner example: Dictionary examples:
The bad guys tr[y] to take over the world and the good The library has a wide range of information.
guys, who are the heroes [, try] to stop them from doing so. They sell a wide selection of chocolates.
Learner example:
whole /həʊl/ There is a very wide choice of activities!

NOUN wildlife /ˈwaɪld.laɪf/

the whole of sth
all of something NOUN [U]
Dictionary examples: animals and plants that grow independently of people in
I'll be on holiday the whole of next week. their natural environment
His behaviour affects the whole of the class. Dictionary examples:
The whole of the village had come out for the party. a documentary on Peruvian wildlife
Learner example: wildlife groups/conservation
Moreover, you can see the whole of Hong Kong from the Learner example:
Peak. The countryside will be the best place because we [will be]
on the whole able to see the old castles, mountains and natural areas
generally with forests and wildlife.
Dictionary example:
We've had a few problems, but on the whole we're very willing /ˈwɪl.ɪŋ/
happy.
Learner example: Word family:
On the whole I don't like watching television. Nouns: willingness, unwillingness
Adjectives: unwilling, willing
whose /huːz/ Adverbs: willingly, unwillingly
ADJECTIVE
DETERMINER be willing (to do sth)
ASKING WHO to be happy to do something if it is needed
used to ask who something belongs to or who someone or Dictionary examples:
something is

189
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

If you're willing to fly at night, you can get a much cheaper It was like throwing her into a pool filled with ice.
ticket. HOW
You said you needed a volunteer - well, I'm willing. used to describe the way someone does something
Apparently John and Gabriel are willing for us to use their Dictionary example:
garden. He plays with great skill.
Learner example: Learner example:
Would you be willing to go to the restaurant (where we People can do more things and with more energy when
were) and find my watch? [they are] listening to music.

win /wɪn/ within /wɪˈðɪn/

Word family: PREPOSITION

Nouns: winner, win TIME
Verbs: win before a particular period of time has finished
VERB (winning, won, won) Dictionary examples:
ELECTION The ambulance arrived within 10 minutes.
[I or T] to get the most votes in an election This product should be eaten within three days.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
Who do you think will win the election? I will return it to you within four days.
DISTANCE
window /ˈwɪn.dəʊ/ less than a particular distance from something
Dictionary examples:
NOUN [C] Two-thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast.
COMPUTER The hotel is within easy reach of the airport.
a separate area on a computer screen showing information Learner example:
and which you can move around By the way, [the] receptionist told me that the scenery
Dictionary example: round the lake is very beautiful and that the
to minimize/maximize a window Butterfly Farm and the monument shown on your map are
within easy reach.
windscreen /ˈwɪnd.skriːn/
without /wɪˈðaʊt/
NOUN [C]
the window at the front end of a car, bus, etc. PREPOSITION
Dictionary example: without delay
A small stone shattered the windscreen as I was driving immediately
home. Dictionary example:
Learner example: This problem needs to be dealt with without delay.
Mending your bicycle by yourself is easy. That's not the Learner example:
case with cars: try repair[ing] the engine, or changing the Firstly, the programme began on time at midday without
windscreen if it's broken. delay.

windsurfing /ˈwɪndˌsɜː.fɪŋ/ wonder /ˈwʌn.dər/

NOUN [U] Word family:

a sport in which you sail across water by standing on a Verbs: wonder
board and holding onto a large sail Adjectives: wonderful
Dictionary example: VERB [I or T]
We had a great holiday by the beach with lots of QUESTION
windsurfing. to ask yourself questions or express a wish to know about
Learner example: something
On Thursday if the weather is better we'll go windsurfing. Dictionary examples:
Hadn't you better phone home? Your parents will be
wing /wɪŋ/ wondering where you are.
He's starting to wonder whether he did the right thing in
NOUN [C] accepting this job.
CREATURE Will this turkey be big enough for eight, I wonder?
one of the body parts that a bird or insect uses to fly "Have you decided where you're going next summer?" "I've
Dictionary example: been wondering about going to Florida."
The eagle took off, flapping its wings to gain height. Learner example:
Learner example: You might wonder why I decided to do so.
I enjoyed this place because there w[ere] [a] lot of trees POLITE REQUEST
and [a] lot of birds with colo[u]rful wings. used in phrases, at the beginning of a request, to make it
more formal and polite
wish /wɪʃ/ Dictionary examples:
I wonder - could you help me carry these books?
VERB I wonder whether you could pass me the butter?
wish (that) I was wondering if you could give me some information
to want a situation that is different from the one that exists about places to visit in the area?
Dictionary examples: Learner example:
I wish that I was/were a bit taller. I wonder if there is a way that I would be able to cover the
I wish I didn't have to go to work today. work I have missed?
I wish he would leave.
I wish I had been there. word /wɜːd/
Learner example:
I wish you were here, then you could see how nice it is. NOUN
wish sb luck/success, etc. not believe/understand/hear/say, etc. a word
to say that you hope someone will be lucky, successful, etc. to not believe/understand/hear/say, etc. anything
Dictionary examples: Dictionary example:
I wished him luck for his test. I don't believe a word he says.
I'm running in the 5000 metres - wish me luck! Learner example:
Learner example: Peter took my hand and asked me to leave, so I said
I wish you luck for your exams. goodbye to Roger and his girlfriend - who never said a
word.
with /wɪð/
work /wɜːk/
PREPOSITION
WHAT Word family:
used to say what fills, covers, etc. something Nouns: work, worker
Dictionary examples: Verbs: work
a bucket filled with water Adjectives: working, overworked
She filled the jug with cream. NOUN
Learner example: EFFORT

190
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

[U] when you use physical or mental effort to do something Word family:
Dictionary examples: Nouns: worse
Carrying heavy loads around all day is hard work. Verbs: worsen
I can certainly do a report for you but it will be a lot of work. Adjectives: worse
Learner example: Adverbs: worse
The lessons are very good but the teacher is going very ADJECTIVE
quickly. It will be hard work. get worse
VERB to become more ill, unpleasant, difficult, severe, etc. than
SUCCEED before
[I] If something works, it is effective or successful. Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: My cold seems to be getting worse.
Her plan to increase sales worked. If the rain gets any worse, we'll have to stop walking.
The tablets will start to work in a few minutes. Learner example:
Learner example: I thought, it couldn't get worse.
I changed cars several times to fool the police. It worked ADVERB
very well. COMPARATIVE
comparative of badly
worker /ˈwɜː.kər/ Dictionary examples:
He did worse than he was expecting in the exams.
Word family: He was treated much worse than I was.
Nouns: work, worker
Verbs: work worst /wɜːst/
Adjectives: working, overworked
NOUN [C] NOUN [NO PLURAL]
a quick/slow/good, etc. worker MOST UNPLEASANT/DIFFICULT
someone who works quickly/slowly/well, etc. the most unpleasant or difficult thing, person, or situation
Dictionary example: Dictionary example:
He's rather a slow worker, but he is very thorough. That was the worst I've seen him play in several years.
Learner example: Learner example:
I'll recom[men]d you [as] a hard worker and a very nice This situation was the worst I have lived [through].
person.
worth /wɜːθ/
working /ˈwɜː.kɪŋ/
Word family:
Word family: Adjectives: worth, worthless, worthy
Nouns: work, worker ADJECTIVE
Verbs: work be worth
Adjectives: working, overworked to have a particular value in money
ADJECTIVE [ALWAYS BEFORE NOUN] Dictionary example:
JOB Our house is worth about £400 000.
relating to your job be worth sth/doing sth
Dictionary examples: to be important or interesting enough to receive a
a 37-hour working week particular action or to cause you to do something
working hours Dictionary examples:
Working conditions in the mill have hardly changed over When you're in Reykjavik, the National Museum is worth a
the last twenty years. visit.
She has a difficult working relationship with many of her His latest book is definitely worth reading.
staff. Learner example:
Learner example: It's really worth visiting.
As you know, I work in [a] bank, so I have to [dress] smartly be worth it
during working hours. to be useful or enjoyable despite needing a lot of effort
Dictionary examples:
workout /ˈwɜː.kaʊt/ It was a long climb to the top of the hill, but it was worth it
for the view.
NOUN [C] Don't tire yourself out, Geri, it's really not worth it.
a period of physical exercise Forget him, love - he's just not worth it.
Dictionary example: Learner example:
a light workout There were a lot of hills in the park, [and] it was very tiring
Learner example: to go up riding a bike, but when you got to the top, and
Are there many fitness-cent[res] where we can practise our stared at the amazing view, it was worth it.
daily workout?
would /wʊd/
world /wɜːld/
MODAL VERB
NOUN IF
GROUP used to say what might happen if something else happens
[C USUALLY NO PLURAL] the people and things that are Dictionary examples:
involved in a particular activity or subject What would you do if you lost your job?
Dictionary examples: They knew there would be trouble unless the report was
the entertainment world finished by the next day.
the world of politics Learner example:
Learner example: I was just wondering if you would ask me that, because if
Well, as you know, I'm not very interested in the fashion you didn't, I would - I just love shopping!
world, so I rarely spend much time shopping for clothes. SAID/THOUGHT
used as the past form of 'will' to talk about what someone
worry /ˈwʌr.i/ said or thought
Dictionary examples:
Word family: Archie said he would see his brother tomorrow.
Verbs: worry They thought that she would never recover.
Adjectives: worried, worrying Learner example:
NOUN He said to me he would like to come back soon.
PROBLEM WILLING/ABLE
[C] a problem that makes you feel anxious (ALSO 'd) used as the past form of 'will' to talk about what
Dictionary examples: someone was willing to do or what something was able to
health/financial worries do
Keeping warm in the winter is a major worry for many old Dictionary examples:
people. The car wouldn't start this morning.
Learner example: I asked her to talk to him, but she wouldn't.
My worries proved to be wrong. Learner example:
My parents wouldn't let me stay in a hotel alone.
worse /wɜːs/ IMAGINE

191
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

(ALSO 'd) used to talk about a situation that you can a written exam
imagine happening Learner example:
Dictionary example: I would like you to tell me what subject you're teaching
It would be lovely to go to New York. tomorrow and the pages of the homework, so I can do the
Learner example: written test [in the] next class.
It would be great to join you and your friends in the
mountains. wrong /rɒŋ/
Would you mind...?
used to request something politely Word family:
Dictionary example: Adjectives: wrong
Would you mind sharing a room? Adverbs: wrong, wrongly
Learner example: ADJECTIVE
Would you mind if I called you, to know what I've missed? get sth wrong
would rather to produce an answer or result that is not correct, or to say
used to show that you prefer to have or do one thing more or write something that is not correct
than another Dictionary examples:
Dictionary examples: I got most of the answers wrong.
I'd rather have a beer. The newspapers got the story completely wrong.
Which would you rather do - go swimming or play tennis? PROBLEM
Wouldn't you rather finish it tomorrow? [NEVER BEFORE NOUN] If something is wrong, there is a
problem.
wrap /ræp/ Dictionary examples:
You've been quiet all evening. Is there anything wrong?
VERB [T] (-pp-) What's wrong?
COVER There's something wrong with my computer.
to cover or surround something with paper, cloth or other Learner example:
material I didn't kn[o]w him, so I thought that there was something
Dictionary examples: wrong.
She wrapped the present and tied it with ribbon. ADVERB
Wrap the chicken in foil and cook it for two hours. go wrong
to develop problems
write /raɪt/ (wrote, written) Dictionary example:
Something's gone wrong with my computer.
Word family: Learner example:
Nouns: writer, writing Despite all that went wrong, there was something I really
Verbs: rewrite, write enjoyed. It was visiting the Diamond Cave.
Adjectives: written
VERB [I or T] yard /jɑːd/
CREATE
to create a book, story, article, etc. or a piece of music NOUN [C]
Dictionary examples: a unit of measurement equal to three feet or approximately
He's writing a book on Colombia. 91.4 centimetres
She writes for Time magazine. Dictionary example:
Walton wrote the Cello Concerto in 1956. The garden is about 100 yards long.
Learner example: Learner example:
Stephen King wrote this book. I'm not a fitness maniac and I don't go to a shop which is 50
PHRASAL VERB yards away from my house just to buy a newspaper, but if
write sth down or write down sth PHRASAL VERB you go to school, why not go by bike[?]
to write something on a piece of paper so that you do not
forget it year /jɪər/
Dictionary example:
Did you write Jo's phone number down? NOUN
Learner example: for years
I wrote the address down and left the restaurant. for a long time
Dictionary example:
writer /ˈraɪ.tər/ Roz and I have been going there for years.
Learner example:
Word family: I had not seen him for years.
Nouns: writer, writing
Verbs: rewrite, write yet /jet/
Adjectives: written
NOUN [C] CONJUNCTION
a person who writes books or articles to be published used to connect two words, phrases, or clauses when the
Dictionary examples: second part adds
a travel/sports/fiction/crime writer something surprising to the first part
She is a well-known writer of children's books. Dictionary examples:
Learner example: simple yet effective
The last book I read was a true story written by a young I agree it's unlikely, yet she knows what she's talking about.
South-American writer. Learner example:
It was huge and yet gracious.
writing /ˈraɪ.tɪŋ/
yoga /ˈjəʊ.gə/
Word family:
Nouns: writer, writing NOUN [U]
Verbs: rewrite, write a set of exercises for the mind and body, based on the
Adjectives: written Hindu religion
NOUN [U] Dictionary example:
STYLE She does yoga three times a week.
the way that someone writes Learner example:
Dictionary example: We do yoga in a heated room so we sweat a lot.
Do you recognise the writing on the envelope?
your /jɔːr/
written /ˈrɪt.ən/
DETERMINER
Word family: PEOPLE GENERALLY
Nouns: writer, writing belonging or relating to people generally
Verbs: rewrite, write Dictionary examples:
Adjectives: written Of course you want the best for your children.
ADJECTIVE Garlic is good for your blood.
expressed in writing, or involving writing Learner example:
Dictionary examples: Riding [a] bicycle is a good [way of maintaining] personal
written instructions fitness and doesn't harm your health either.

192
WORD LIST FOR LEVEL B1

yours /jɔːz/

Word family:
Nouns: faith
Adjectives: faithful
Adverbs: faithfully
PRONOUN
Yours sincerely
FORMAL used at the end of formal letters when you know
the name of the person you are writing to
Dictionary example:
Yours sincerely, Emma Clarke.
Learner example:
I'm going to ask Tom for the [work] I will miss. Yours
sincerely,

youth /juːθ/

NOUN
YOUNG PEOPLE
[U + SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB] young people
generally
Dictionary examples:
the youth of today
a youth club
Learner example:
Finally I decided to join a new youth club in my town.

zero /ˈzɪə.rəʊ/

NUMBER (PLURAL zeros or zeroes)

TEMPERATURE
the temperature at which water freezes in degrees
centigrade
Dictionary example:
The temperature is expected to drop to ten degrees below
zero tonight.
Learner example:
We have to learn that [it] is not natural for a lion [to live] in
a country where, in winter, [the] temperature can fall below
zero.

zone /zəʊn/

NOUN [C]
an area where a particular thing happens, that is used for a
particular purpose, or
where there are particular rules
Dictionary examples:
an earthquake zone
a nuclear-free zone
He was charged with driving 75 mph in a 55 mph zone.
The UN Security Council has established a no-fly zone.
Learner example:
It is a very clean city with a lot of car-free zones.

193