ANALOG SOUND AMPLIFIER

EC23C02- ANALOG CIRCUITS DESIGN

(LAB INTEGRATED THEORY COURSE)

PROJECT REPORT

Akaash B - 2023504538
Baranidharan P S - 2023504548
Shylesh K S - 2023504506

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
ELECTRONICS ANCOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
MADRAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ANNA UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI – 600044

1
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report

“ANALOG SOUND AMPLIFIER” is the Bonafide work of
Akaash B - 2023504538
Baranidharan P S - 2023504548
Shylesh K S - 2023504506
Who carried out the EC23C02 Analog Circuits Design
(Laboratory Integrated Theory course) project under my
supervision.

FACULTY’S SIGNATURE

2
 ABSTRACT
This project details the creation of a compact and
portable guitar amplifier using an LM386 audio amplifier
integrated circuit. The amplifier is designed to be housed in
a repurposed soda container, making it both functional and
aesthetically unique. The amplifier is capable of working
with electric bass guitars acoustic, six-string guitars with
pickups, and direct input form any audio devices such as
Ipod, phones, etc.., and it can output sound through a
speaker . The project requires basic electronics skills,
including soldering and circuit assembly, and utilizes
readily available components. The final product is a
versatile and portable amplifier that provides a practical
solution for musicians on the go.

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO TITLE PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION 5

HARDWARE
2. DESCRIPITION 6

3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 11

4. WORKING PRINCIPLE 12

5. RESULT 13

6. APPLICATIONS 14

7. CONCLUSION 16

4
 INTRODUCTION
In the world of music, portability and convenience are
highly valued by musicians who are constantly on the move.
This project aims to create a compact and portable guitar
amplifier using the LM386 audio amplifier integrated
circuit. The amplifier is ingeniously housed in a repurposed
soda can making it not only functional but also aesthetically
unique. Designed to work with both electric bass guitars and
acoustic six-string guitars with pickups, and direct input
form any audio devices such as Ipod, phones, etc.., this
amplifier offers versatility and practicality. The project
requires basic electronics skills, including soldering and
circuit assembly, and utilizes readily available components.
The final product is a versatile and portable amplifier that
provides a practical solution for musicians who need a
reliable and compact amplification device on the go.

5
 HARDEWARE DESCRIPTION
o 9-V BATTERY AND BATTERY CLIP:
The 9-volt battery clip and battery are essential components in
the portable guitar amplifier project. The 9-volt battery provides
the power source for the amplifier circuit, while the battery clip
ensures a secure connection between the battery and the circuit.
This component is crucial for powering the amplifier and
ensuring it operates correctly.

o ¼" (6.5mm) MONO JACK (Guitar Input):

The ¼" (6.5mm) mono jack is used as the guitar
input in the portable guitar amplifier project. It allows the audio
signal from the guitar to enter the amplifier circuit, ensuring a
secure and reliable connection. This component is essential for
the functionality of the amplifier, as it is the entry point for the
guitar's audio signal into the amplification process.

6
 o 10 kΩ - ½ WATT POTENTIOMETER:

The 10kΩ ½ watt potentiometer is used in the portable guitar

amplifier project to adjust the gain of the amplifier. It allows you
to control the volume or gain by varying the resistance, ensuring
the desired sound quality. This component is essential for fine-
tuning the amplifier's output.

o 8Ω ½ WATT SPEAKER (2¼" diameter):

The 8Ω ½ watt speaker (2¼" diameter) is used in the portable
guitar amplifier project to output the amplified sound. It converts
the electrical signal into audible sound, ensuring you can hear the
amplified guitar signal. This component is essential for producing
sound from the amplifier.

7
 o LM386 - (Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier IC)
The LM386N-1 is a low voltage audio power amplifier IC used
in the portable guitar amplifier project. It amplifies low-level
audio signals to drive speakers or headphones, making it
essential for the amplification process. The IC operates on a
wide supply voltage range and has a low power consumption,
making it suitable for battery-operated devices.

o 3.5 mm to 6.5mm CONVERTER:

A 3.5 mm to 6.5 mm converter is an adapter that allows you to
connect devices with a 3.5 mm (1/8 inch) stereo plug to devices
with a 6.5 mm (1/4 inch) stereo jack. It adapts a smaller 3.5 mm
plug to fit into a larger 6.5 mm jack, commonly used in audio
equipment like amplifiers, electric guitars, and professional audio
gear. This component ensures compatibility between different
audio devices.

8
o AUX CABLE:
An aux cable, also known as an auxiliary cable, is a versatile
audio cable used to connect various audio devices. It typically
features a 3.5 mm (1/8 inch) stereo plug on both ends, making
it compatible with smartphones, tablets, car stereos, speakers,
and other audio equipment. The aux cable allows for the
transmission of audio signals, enabling you to play music or
other audio content from one device through another. Its
portability and ease of use make it a popular choice for
connecting audio devices.

o RESISTOR:
A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates
the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit.
Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for
an active device such as transistor.

9
 o CAPACITORS:
A capacitor is an electronic component that stores and releases
electrical energy in a circuit. It consists of two conductive plates
separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. Capacitors are
used in various applications, including filtering, energy storage, and
signal coupling.

10
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
▫ B1 - 9-volt battery clip and battery
▫ C1 - 4.7μF 16v capacitor
▫ C2 - 100μF 16v capacitor
▫ C3 - 470μF 16v capacitor
▫ C4 - 10μF 16v capacitor
▫ D1 - green diffused LED (just about any color/type will work)
▫ J1 - ¼" (6.5mm) mono jack (guitar input)
▫ R1 - 1kΩ ¼-watt resistor
▫ R2 -10kΩ ½ watt potentiometer
▫ SP1 - 8Ω ½ watt speaker (2¼" diameter)
▫ U1 - LM386N-1 low voltage audio power amplifier IC

11
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

REFERENCES:
1) instructables.com

12
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE ANALOG
SOUND AMPLIFIER:
The port analog sound amplifier circuit is based on the LM386, a low-
power audio amplifier IC, designed to amplify small input signals
such as those from a guitar or phone via an auxiliary cable. The
following is the functional description of the circuit operation:

I) Input Signal Processing:

The input signal is fed to the amplifier circuit via an auxiliary cable
connected to a phone. The signal passes through a coupling capacitor
(C1, 4.7 μF), which blocks any DC component, allowing only the AC
audio signal to pass. This ensures the input signal remains clean and
without DC bias.

II) Amplification:
The LM386 IC amplifies the incoming audio signal. The gain of the
amplifier is set internally to 20 but can be adjusted by connecting a
capacitor and resistor to pin 1 and 8. In this circuit, a 10 μF capacitor
(C4) is used to boost the gain.

III) Volume Control:

A 10kΩ potentiometer (R2) is used for adjusting the amplitude of the
output signal. This acts as a volume control for the amplifier, allowing
the user to set the desired loudness.

IV) Output Signal:

The amplified signal is sent to the output through another coupling
capacitor (C3, 470 μF), which removes any DC offset introduced
during amplification. The signal is then routed to an 8-ohm speaker
(SP1) or headphones via the output jack (J2).
13
V) Power Supply and LED Indicator:
The circuit operates on a 9V battery (B1) and includes an LED
(D1) connected with a 1kΩ resistor (R1) to indicate the circuit's
power status. The LED lights up when the circuit is powered.

RESULT:

• The analog sound amplifier successfully amplified audio

signals from devices such as phones and tablets. Key
observations include:
• Amplification Performance:
The amplifier effectively increased the audio volume when
connected to external speakers, producing significantly
louder sound compared to the phone's internal speakers.
• Sound Quality:
At moderate volumes, the sound remained clear with
minimal distortion. Some distortion was noted at higher
volume levels, which is typical of analog amplifiers.
• Power Consumption:
The amplifier worked within the expected power
requirements (9V), with power consumption increasing
slightly at higher volumes.

14
APPLICATIONS OF ANALOG SOUND AMPLIFIER:
The analog sound amplifier developed in this project has a wide
range of practical applications. It is designed to boost the audio signal
from devices such as phones, tablets, or any other audio sources,
making it possible to achieve higher volume and better sound quality.
Below are some of the key applications where this amplifier can be
utilized:

1. Portable Speaker Systems :

• Application: The amplifier can be used in portable Bluetooth or
wired speaker systems to amplify the audio signal from a phone or
other media devices.
• Benefit: It enhances the volume and sound quality of portable
speakers, allowing users to enjoy music, podcasts, or other audio
content at a higher volume, especially in outdoor settings where
the phone's internal speakers are insufficient.

2. Personal Audio Systems:

• Application: In personal audio setups, such as small home stereo
systems, the amplifier can connect between the phone and speakers,
boosting the audio signal for better sound output.
• Benefit: This allows users to enjoy clearer, louder sound when
listening to music, watching videos, or engaging in phone calls,
improving the overall audio experience compared to built-in phone
speakers.

15
3. Hearing Aid Devices :
• Application: The amplifier can be integrated into hearing aid
devices, where it boosts the audio from a phone or external
microphone to help people with hearing impairments.
• Benefit: It amplifies ambient sounds, improving accessibility for
individuals with hearing loss and making communication more
efficient in various environments.

4. Car Audio Systems:

• Application: The amplifier can be used in car audio systems to boost
the signal from a phone or media player, improving sound quality and
driving the car’s speakers to produce louder audio.
• Benefit: Amplified audio enhances the listening experience during
commutes or road trips, offering better sound reproduction and
volume than standard phone speakers can provide.

5. Educational and Training:

• Application: The amplifier can be used in educational settings such
as classrooms or training environments to amplify audio from a phone
or media device for better clarity and volume.
• Benefit: It helps students and trainees hear instructions, lessons, or
presentations more clearly, especially in larger rooms or noisy
environments.

16
CONCLUSION:

• In this experiment, an analog sound amplifier was designed and

developed to amplify audio signals from devices such as phones,
tablets, and other audio sources. The primary objective of this
project was to boost the volume and quality of sound output,
making it more suitable for various application.

• Through the process, it was observed that the amplifier effectively

increased the signal strength, providing louder and clearer sound
when connected to external speakers or other audio output devices.
This demonstrated the importance of amplification in everyday
audio systems and highlighted its utility in enhancing sound quality.

• The amplifier's versatility was evident, with numerous practical

applications ranging from portable speaker systems and home
theatre setups to assistive listening devices and public address
systems. The amplifier not only improved audio volume but also
opened up new possibilities for improving accessibility for
individuals with hearing impairments and enhancing user
experience in different environments.

• In conclusion, the analog sound amplifier serves as a valuable tool

in various settings, offering a simple, cost-effective solution to
amplify weak audio signals. The experiment successfully
demonstrated the fundamental principles of audio amplification,
with significant real-world implications for both personal and
professional use. Future work could explore further optimizations,
such as minimizing distortion, improving power efficiency, or
expanding the range of applications.

17