Chapter 1 - Present Tenses: Active and Passive
Chapter 1 - Present Tenses: Active and Passive
English Today
1. What’s up 2. I see what you mean
3. What are they up to? 4. What gets to me is
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. been 2. for 3. When 4. was 5. used
6. is 7. ago 8. was 9. yet 10. use
11. has 12. are
B. 1. Anna has never visited our country before.
2. Jack has already tidied his room.
3. Alan has just gone out.
4. When did you buy this car?
5. I haven’t seen Helen recently.
6. Pete has known Julie since primary school.
7. How long has Sue been learning English?
8. It has been raining for over an hour.
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Burlington English Grammar for Grade 8
Chapter 2 | Past Tenses: Active and Passive
Answer Key
Check What you Know
A. 1. gave 2. were sitting 3. were written
4. didn’t see 5. Did you hear 6. Did she use to
7. was talking 8. Was Tom driving 9. were painted
10. Were you sleeping 11. was walking 12. used to have
13. visited 14. would ride 15. rushed
16. didn’t use to 17. burned 18. forgot
19. used to 20. went
Grammar Practice
A. 1. My skin was burning because – b
My skin was burnt because – a
2. The police arrived while the thief – b
The police arrived after the thief – a
3. I used to have a tennis lesson – a
I was having a tennis lesson – b
4. How long did you study – a
How long had you been studying – b
5. I was living in London – b
I lived in London – a
6. We would never stay out late – b
We had never stayed out late – a
7. I had answered six emails – b
I had been answering emails – a
B. 1. How long did you see Rick for?
How long has it been since you last saw Rick?
2. We had had lunch when Sam told a joke.
During lunch, Sam told a joke.
3. As a child, Ryan was always getting into trouble.
As a child, Ryan would often get into trouble.
English Today
1. b 2. d 3. a 4. c
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. He said that the crime rate was going to increase.
2. Young people didn’t use to eat much fast food in my grandparents’ day.
3. The zoologist has never been given an/the opportunity to study mountain
gorillas in the wild before.
4. I was just about to make a phone call to Simon when he arrived.
5. Jack was so careless that he was forever getting into accidents.
6. I was wondering if/whether you would check this report for me.
B. 1. time 2. used 3. could 4. learnt 5. would
6. for 7. this 8. later
C. 1. c 2. d 3. c 4. d
Grammar Practice
A. 1. g. 2. e 3. h. 4. b 5. f
6. c 7. d 8. a
B. 1. a. At two o’clock, I’ll be seeing my dentist.
b. At two o’clock, I will have seen my dentist.
2. a. I think you’ll enjoy visiting Ireland.
b. I think you are enjoying visiting Ireland.
3. a. Dan is fixing his roof this winter.
b. By the time winter comes, Dan will have fixed his roof.
C. 1. a 2. b 3. b
D. 1. get 2. I’ll get 3. will have arrived
4. will tell 5. Will Katie be babysitting 6. am going to buy
7. will have been studying 8. to start 9. are meeting
10.leaves
E. 1. will 2. be 3. have 4. by 5. won’t
6. going 7. about 8. probably 9. happens
English Today
1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. will 2. Before 3. are 4. does 5. start
6. to 7. able 8. their/these 9. by 10. have
11. not 12. are
B. 1. Dana is going to take a computer course after she finishes school.
2. I don’t think I will write a letter after all.
3. By the time winter comes, Mr Smith will have fixed his roof.
4. The Austens are coming for dinner tonight.
5. At 4:00pm tomorrow, I will be playing tennis.
6. I will not send/give Sania an invitation to my wedding.
7. When Gary gets to the café, will you be waiting for him?
8. When does the last train leave tonight?
© Burlington Group 2022
Burlington English Grammar for Grade 8
Chapter 4 | Modal Forms: Active and Passive
Answer Key
Check What You Know
A. 1. may 2. must be 3. Can 4. might not
5. will 6. has to 7. mustn’t 8. Do we have to
9. will 10. may not 11. needn’t 12. should
13. could 14. can’t be 15. will 16. Shall
17. can 18. would never 19. could 20. must
Grammar Practice
A. 1. i 2. d 3. f 4. h 5. a
6. e 7. j 8. b 9. c. 10. g
B. 1. might 2. ought to have 3. can’t 4. would have
5. can 6. couldn’t 7. Would 8. should
C. 1. can be arranged 2. must be worn
3. might result 4. should check
5. will have been posted 6. do not have to pay
7. has to be shown 8. needn’t be accompanied
D. 1. may have made fun of his running
2. would have given you directions
3. should have brought more soft drinks
4. must have hurt a lot
5. can’t have made it
6. needn’t have wasted your money
E. 1. ought to have told us earlier 2. might have been stolen
3. ought to be arriving soon 4. has to be sent today
5. must be paid by Friday 6. may have been driving too fast
7. will have heard the news by now 8. could be feeling ill
F. 1. would 2. had to 3. couldn’t
4. needn’t have 5. was able to 6. could
7. might 8. would be 9. had to
10. could have been 11. will have recovered 12. should be killed
13. must consider 14. shouldn’t be surfing 15. ought to be
English Today
1. I couldn’t care less 2. if you must know
3. I might have guessed 4. I should hope so
5. We might as well
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. might shouldn’t
2. could can
3. needn’t could
4. must should
5. can’t would
6. could might
B. 1. b 2. c 3. g 4. h 5. a
6. e 7. d 8. f
C.Suggested answers
1. He must have grown. The shirt could have shrunk.
He might have put on somebody else’s shirt.
He must have bought the wrong size.
2. The painting must have been stolen.
The museum might have lent the painting to another museum.
The painting could be being restored.
3. They must be celebrating a victory.
They might have won a tournament.
They must be feeling very proud of themselves.
4. He must have been shipwrecked.
His ship might have been sunk in a storm.
He could be taking part in a reality show like ‘Survivor’.
5. She must have been very naughty.
She might have been rude to her teacher.
She can’t be feeling very happy.
Grammar Practice
A. 1. This play was written by William Shakespeare. P
2. A fire has started in the forest about two miles from our home. A
3. Daniel was raised in Belfast, in Northern Ireland. P
4. All books have to be returned to the library. P.
5. They will have finished painting the museum by September. A
6. The new sports centre is going to be opened by a famous footballer. P
7. The game of rugby is played all over the world. P
8. The team had been training for three hours when they finally stopped for a
rest. A
B. 1. had been accused 2. has been set up
3. have to be paid back 4. is considered, thinks
5. will be chosen 6. ought to inform
7. don’t suppose 8. crashed
C. 1. has been, is being, will be 2. has been, is, has to be
3. are being, can be, had been 4. is going to be, are, will have to be
D. 1. is believed 2. has been visited 3. are displayed
4. were used 5. can be seen 6. are arranged
E. 1. are invited 2. were organised 3. could be improved
4. has been held 5. are given
English Today
1. it can’t be helped 2. easier said than done
3. Given the choice 4. we’ve got it covered
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. to have Max order
2. has been under construction for six months
3. to be no reason to tell/inform
4. of having their wedding organised by
5. have been planning to book
6. never get this work done
B. 1. being 2. to 3. not 4. Instead 5. by
6. far 7. in 8. could
C. 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. d
Grammar Practice
A. 1-f, 2-a, 3-c, 4-e, 5-b, 6-d
B. 1. a 2. b. 3.a 4. b. 5. b 6. a.
C. 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a
7. a
D. 1. is 2. is 3. is 4. reminds 5. seems
6. are 7. has 8. appear 9. are 10. is
11. is 12. calls 13. is 14. is 15. calls
16. suits 17. seems 18. trusts 19. loves 20. strikes
21. puts 22. has 23. is 24. brightens 25. stops
26. lights 27. gets 28. forgets 29. is 30. sits
Accept all logical answers.
English Today
Accept all logical answers.
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. The cost of all food items have gone up.
The cost of all food items has gone up.
2. The information our books offer are very valuable.
The information our books offer is very valuable.
Grammar Practice
A. 1. Phrase 2. Clause 3. Phrase 4. Clause 5. Phrase 6. Clause
B. 1. Main clause 2. Subordinate clause
3. Coordinate clause 4. Main clause
5. Subordinate clause 6. Coordinate clause
C.1. It is important to ask
f. whether the wedding is formal or semi-formal.
Noun clause
2. What the child said
a. was true.
Noun clause
3. I must leave now
d. before it starts to rain.
Adverb clause
4. We must reach
c. because I am not feeling well.
Adverb clause
5. We eat.
b. so that we may grow strong.
Adverb clause
6. That it might snow
e. seemed a possibility.
Adverb clause
D. 1. The car that is red belongs to my brother. Car
2. The man who is at the desk is the CEO of the company. Man
3. I did not understand the question that you asked. Question
4. My friend, who has glasses, wasn’t at school today. Friend
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5. The boy, who claimed to have a broken arm, caught the ball. Boy
6. Bobby’s cat that ate the mouse had a stomach ache. Cat
E. 1. Have you seen the movie that is playing at the theatre close to my house?
2. We are planning go to Paris, which is the capital of France.
3. A thermometer is an instrument that measures the temperature.
4. I have a friend whose father is a famous painter.
5. Charles Dickens, who was a great writer in the late 19th Century, is the author
of Little Dorito.
6. The chocolate cake, which has so many calories, is delicious.
English Today
1. palace 2. mobile phone
3. actor 4. Abhishek Bachchan
5. night
Accept all logical answers.
Challenge Yourself
A. Accept all logical answers.
B. 1. He bought a house. It is near the airport.
He bought a house, which is near the airport.
2. I like the footballer. He scored the winning goal.
I like the footballer who scored the winning goal.
3. I would like to visit the town. I was born there.
I would like to visit the town where I was born.
5. The thieves broke into a shop. The shop sells groceries.
The thieves broke into the shop which sells groceries.
6. My brother had a big piece of land. He grew vegetables there.
My brother had a big piece of land, where he grew vegetables.
C. 1. a 2. b 3.c 4. a 5. c
6. b 7. a 8. b 9. a 10. c
Grammar Practice
1. We ordered a pizza that/which had a lot of onions and peppers on it.
2. The singer who/that won the reality show was very talented.
3. Summer, which is not my favourite season, can be very hot here.
4. The Queen’s Theatre, where the play will be performed, is in central London.
5. Michael, whose sister works for an airline, often travels business class.
6. What’s the tallest building that has ever been built?
7. Stella forgot her phone, which meant she couldn’t contact anyone.
8. I once had a friend with whom I shared all my secrets.
9. Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me?
10. I can’t believe what Tom said about the food in that restaurant.
B. 1. whom, Penelope 2. Peter, whose
3. that, Olga 4. which, Alex
5. where, Boston 6. which, Spain
7. who, Moscow/ Russia 8. whose, Paris France
C. 1. who 2. What 3. who 4. whose 5. who
6. where 7. when/ that
D. 1. The girl who you were talking to is my cousin.
2. The college that Sarah has applied to is in London.
3. Does the city where you live have a university?
4. Is Mark the boy whom you met on holiday?
5. Do you remember the summer that we spent in Italy?
6. The player who scored the goal is new to the team.
English Today
1. b 2. c 3. a
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. whose, with whom 2. that, where 3. why, which
4. which, whatever
B. 1. Simon Wells is a director who made The Time Machine.
Grammar Practice
A. 1. c, b, a
2. b, a, c
3. a, c, b
4. c, a, b
B. 1. you must use sunscreen 2. I knew more about motorcycles
3. you hadn’t hurt your arm 4. you caught the early train
5. I listen to music 6. you had taken a bus
C. 1. has finished/ finishes 2. gets 3. reaches
4. is planned 5. were 6. practised
7. hadn’t completed 8. had been invited
D. 1. In 2. needs 3. Otherwise
4. could have happened 5. had been 6. The moment that
7. connects 8. might not have reached 9. hadn’t acted
10. providing 11. doesn’t have 12. wouldn’t be able
E. 1. had told 2. had 3. hurry
4. hadn’t said 5. hadn’t been sleeping 6. weren’t closing
7. could 8. didn’t have
F. 1. a. could go b. would let
English Today
1. If so 2. if you like
3. if you don’t mind 4. you wish
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. more 2. how 3. take 4. if 5. been
6. longer 7. anything 8. even
B. 1. had been more interest in 2. in case of bad
3. were they to serve/ if they were to serve 4. it not been for your support
5. only the traffic hadn’t been so heavy 6. he lived closer to
C. 1. a 2. b 3. d 4. b 5. a
6. a 7. b 8. b
Grammar Practice
A. 1. she was taking a skiing holiday the following month.
2. she was sure Laveena would have a great time.
3. where she was going to stay.
4. she had booked a room at a small hotel the previous week.
5. if she had been planning to go alone.
6. she had invited a friend but she had cancelled.
7. if she could go with her instead.
B. 1. she was working late that day so she couldn’t meet Joseph / him for coffee
2. Joseph / him that he had left his jacket at the house the day before.
3. him to call her as soon as he got that message.
4. Joseph/ him not to be late for training at 6 o’clock that night.
5. Joseph/ him when they had to hand in their history project.
6. to give Joseph/ him a lift to college the next day.
C. 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B
6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. A
D. 1. persuaded 2. decided 3. accused
4. explained 5. demanded
E. 1. accused Tom of breaking the printer
2. recommended that Mr Brown travel economy class
English Today
1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. e
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. wonder 2. would 3. whether 4. no 5. asked
6. had 7. a 8. out
B. 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. d
6. d 7. d 8. b 9. c 10. a
Grammar Practice
A. 1. b, a 2. a, b 3. b, a 4. b, a 5. a, b
6. b, a 7. b, a.
B. 1. seeing 2. to tell 3. camping 4. to pick up 5. to keep
6. to give 7. putting 8. buying 9. yawning 10. seeing
C. 1. it’s time 2. would rather 3. had better
4. am not used 5. have got used
D. 1. travel 2. Speaking 3. to understand
4. to express 5. taking 6. not study
7. to look up 8. keeping
E. 1. Calling the hotel would be
2. is too polluted to drink
3. can’t stand listening
4. would rather you had not called
5. Listening to music is
6. is not big enough to hold
7. suggested that I dress
8. is about time the waiter brought
English Today
1. if you don’t mind my asking
2. that goes without saying
3. It juts goes to show
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. didn’t feel like going 2. no point in having an argument about
3. not capable of memorising 4. clearly enough to be able to identify
5. had better not have broken 6. went on to give us
B. 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. c
6. d 7. b 8. a 9. a 10. d
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. b
B. High above the city, on a tall column, stood the statue of the Happy Prince. He
was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright
sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt.
He was very much admired indeed. “He is as beautiful as a weathercock,” remarked
one of the Town Councillors who wished to gain a reputation for having artistic
tastes; “only not quite so useful,” he added, fearing lest people should think him
unpractical, which he really was not.
“Why can’t you be like the Happy Prince?” asked a sensible mother of her little
boy who was crying for the moon. “The Happy Prince never dreams of crying for
anything.”
“I am glad there is someone in the world who is quite happy,” muttered a
disappointed man as he gazed at the wonderful statue.
“He looks just like an angel,” said the Charity Children as they came out of the
Grammar Practice
A. 1. loudly 2. quickly 3. softly
4. carefully 5. suddenly 6. well
B. i. 1-b, 2-a ii. 1-a, 2-b iii. 1-b, 2-a
iv. 1-b, 2-a v. 1-a, 2-b vi. 1-b, 2-a
C. 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. b
D. 1. He quickly dressed and went out in a hurry.
2. She realised at once that she had made a mistake.
3. We are often invited to our cousin’s house at the weekends.
4. I have almost finished painting the inside of the house.
5. We usually go to our native place in the hills in summer.
6. Your car just needs some servicing.
E. 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a
English Today
1. Hardly had I checked in when the boarding was announced.
2. Never had i seen so many people!
3. Seldom have I heard such a melodious voice.
4. No sooner had I seen my friends arriving than I started screaming in excitement.
5. Scarcely had the match started when the rain came pouring down.
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. 1. This coconut is really hard. Adjective
2. You have to push the door hard to open it. Adverb
Grammar Practice
A. 1. relaxed, relaxing 2. disappointed, disappointing
3. fascinating, fascinated 4. exhausted, exhausting
5. excited, exciting
B. 1. complete 2. quiet 3. easily 4. sadly 5. bad
6. possible 7. hardly 8. nice 9. dark 10. deeply
C. 1. S 2. S 3. D 4. S
D. 1. fewer 2. the highest 3. as many 4. the best 5. as wide
6. the worst 7. more convenient
E. 1. such 2. so 3. too 4. enough 5. such 6. so
a – 6. b – 4, c – 1, d – 3, e -2, f – 5
F. 1. close, longer and longer 2. earlier, easier
3. a lot cheaper, nearly 4. quite as tall, highly
5. later, more tired 6. hard, better and better
7. a lot less difficult, shortly 8. tight, even more
G. 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. C
11. C 12. A
H. 1. most 2. less 3. far 4. The 5. than
6. so 7. as 8. and 9. that 10. too
English Today
1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. likely 2. those 3. It 4. in 5. most
6. less 7. well 8. often
B. 1. as one of the happiest days
2. seem quite as confident as she
3. is not so much attractive as
4. has been much less snow than
5. easily the most challenging mountain
6. to become more and more difficult
C. 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. c
Grammar Practice
A. 1. a. b. 2. b 3. b 4. a. b.
B. 1. g 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. b
6. f 7. d
C. 1. despite the fact that 2. so that 3. instead of
4. As a result 5. as well as 6. not only
7. In addition
D. 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a
6. b 7. c 8. a
E. 1. is his
2. making an effort/the fact that he makes an effort
3. does he finish/manage to finish
4. improve his spoken French
5. sitting quietly in class
6. his talent
F. 1. should visitors feed 2. had I turned on
3. does she have 4. have/had we seen
5. do we get 6. will we be able to
7. were my friends 8. can customers order
G. 1. although 2. Because of 3. Consequently
4. neither 5. however 6. in spite of
7. In addition
H. 1. had they reached 2. when 3. had
English Today
1. b 2. c 3. a
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. except for Tom, who showed no 2. addition to being full of iron
3. for fear of being criticised by 4. no matter how unpleasant the
5. though it is raining 6. despite having been seated
B. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. a 5. c
6. b 7. b 8. b 9. c 10. c
11. a 12. d
Grammar Practice
A. 1. damage, was 2. water, is 3. works, have
4. furniture, looks 5. litter, spoils 6. hair, suits
7. news, is 8. luggage, was
B. 1. nature, the 2. university, work 3. Rock climbing, a
4. a piece of, a bottle 5. anywhere, school 6. an astronomer, the
7. in court, prison 8. dinner, Christmas 9. an hour, by car
10. arrogance, the worst
C. 1. a 2. a few 3. any 4. no 5. few
6. much 7. the 8. a 9. a 10. an
11. few 12. a little 13. a 14. a few 15 some
16. the
D. Ryan Sheckler first started using a skateboard when he was just 18 months old. By
the time he was seven, he was practising his skateboarding tricks in his yard seven
days a week. At the age of 10, Ryan started entering competitions. One success
followed another and he turned professional when he was only 13. Two years later,
he was named Athlete of the Year at the Action Sports Awards, which was quite an
experience for him. Today he is an extremely successful skateboarder. Ryan has
set up the Sheckler Foundation to help young people improve their lives. Skate
for a Cause is one of the major charity events held once a year by the foundation
in order to raise money for the charity Autism Speaks.
English Today
1. b 2. a 3. c
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. the 2. known 3. its 4. no 5. all
6. if 7. Nothing 8. not
B. 1. had great difficulty finding somewhere
2. spent the entire holiday complaining
3. has been little improvement
4. have the courage to go
5. has a dislike of
6. too much damage has been done
C. 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. c
Grammar Practice
A. 1. those 2. it 3. that 4. these 5. this
6. there 7. That 8. it
B. 1. There is 2. it is
3. are there 4. it was, it would be
5. Has there been 6. it is
C. 1. there are 2. they 3. It is 4. them
5. its 6. its 7. her 8. she
9. that 10. his 11. Beauty’s new beak 12. her
D. a. himself, herself, – b. –, themselves, myself
c. ourselves, –, themselves
E. 1. every 2. both 3. all 4. of 5. Each
6. their 7. either
F. 1. a, b 2. b, a 3. b, a 4. a, b 5. b, a
6. b, a 7. a, b
English Today
A. 1. all year round 2. this and that
3. every now and then 4. help yourself
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. there 2. These 3. it 4. had 5. his
6. other 7. could 8. themselves 9. them 10. another
11. own 12. their
B. 1. The two boys helped each other finish the job quickly.
2. In our town, there is a small airport.
3. In the photograph, my sister’s hair is much longer than mine.
4. My mother told us to enjoy ourselves on the trip.
5. According to the map, it is 400 miles from London to Edinburgh.
6. We had to make supper by ourselves because no one had time to help.
7. John lives on his own in a flat in London.
8. That book is Carole’s and not mine.
C. 1. Nobody helped me, I did it by myself.
2. Some children can’t behave themselves in class.
3. A friend of mine called yesterday.
4.
5. These days, food seems to be very expensive.
Grammar Practice
A. 1. a. at the, b. at 2. a. on, b. in
3. a. during, b. while 4. a. at the end, b. in the end
5. a. on, b. in
B. 1. evening 2. the moment 3. the same time
C. 1. in 2. by 3. at 4. in 5. till
D. 1. b 2. d 3. f 4. i 5. h
6. j 7. a 8. g 9. c 10. e
E. 1. The Second World War took place from 1939 to 1945.
2. People play tricks on each other on April Fool’s Day.
3. Matt Damon studied at the Harvard University.
4. The president of the USA lives in the White House.
5. The Corinth Canal was built between 1881 and 1893.
6. Halloween is celebrated on October 31st.
7. Mt. Etna is situated in Sicily.
8. Mozart was born in the 18th century.
F. 1. through 2. in/around/through
3. over/across 4. along/up/down
5. to/towards 6. past
7. through 8. along/around
9. past 10. towards
11. along 12. across/through
English Today
1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a
Challenge Yourself
A. 1. on 2. in 3. When 4. home 5. age
6. In 7. among 8. while 9. besides 10. by
11. had 12. at
B. 1. at the same time 2. on the coast of
3. at the moment 4. while we were studying
5. beside me/next to me 6. is living in
C. 1. Correct
2. When we arrived at the theatre, we realised we had forgotten the tickets.
3. Correct
4. Paul won his first competition at the age of twelve.
5. We should be back home by 10.30pm.