We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7
UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
2024-25
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC
COORDINATION, CONTROLLING AND
CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES
* SUBMITTED TO :- DR. SONAM YADAV
+ SUBMITTED BY :-
NAME :- ANKIT GUPTA
FATHER'S NAME :- MR. UMESH GUPTA
CLASS :- B.COM (SELF-FINANCE)
SUBJECT :- ESSENTIALS OF MANAGEMENT
ROLL NO. :- 2410012016033
SECTION -E
SERIAL NO. : 110
MOBILE NO. :- 72678 09463Coordination
Definition and Importance
Coordination is the process of synchronizing and integrating the efforts of various
departments and individuals within an organization to achieve common goals. It is often
referred to as the “essence of management” because it links all other management
functions such as production, finance, and marketing.
Types of Coordination
Vertical Coordination
This type involves coordination between different levels of the organization, ensuring
harmony and alignment with organizational goals and policies. It is typically managed
through delegation of authority by top management.
Horizontal or Lateral Coordination
This involves coordination between different departments at the same level of the
management hierarchy. For example, coordination between the production and marketing
departments is a form of horizontal coordination.
Procedural and Substantive Coordination
- Procedural Coordination: Focuses on the structure and procedures of the organization,
such as organization charts.
- Substantive Coordination: Concerned with the content of the organization's activities,
such as blueprints for manufacturing.
Techniques of Coordination
Sound PlanningClear objectives, harmonized policies, and unified procedures are essential. Planning is
the ideal stage for coordination to ensure uniformity of action.
Simplified Organization
A simple and sound organization structure helps in reducing conflicts. Related activities
should be grouped together, and clear-cut authority relationships should be defined.
Effective Communication
Open and regular communication is key. Personal and face-to-face contacts are the most
effective means of communication and coordination. Committees can also promote unity
of purpose and uniformity of action among different departments.
Effective Leadership and Supervision
Leadership ensures coordination at both the planning and execution stages. A good leader
guides and inspires subordinates to work towards common objectives.
Chain of Command
Authority exercised through the chain of command ensures coordination between
interdependent units. Each employee should receive orders from one superior to avoid
conflicts.
Liaison Departments
Liaison officers or departments ensure frequent contacts between different organizational
units. For example, a liaison department can ensure the production department meets
delivery dates and specifications promised by the sales department.
General Staff
In large organizations, a centralized pool of staff experts serves as a clearing house for
information and specialized advice, facilitating inter-departmental coordination.Principles of Effective Coordination
Early Beginning
Coordination should start at the early stages of planning and policy-making to ensure
integration of efforts and improve the quality of plans.
Reciprocal Relationship
Coordination is a two-way process. Departments and individuals should influence and be
influenced by each other to ensure harmonious functioning.
Dynamism
The process of coordination should be dynamic, adapting to changing requirements and
scenarios.
Simplified Organization
Dividing a large organization into smaller departments with clear coordinators helps in
achieving effective coordination.
Controlling
Definition and Importance
Controlling is the process of monitoring and regulating the activities of an organization to
ensure they are aligned with its goals and objectives. It involves setting standards,
measuring performance, identifying deviations, and taking corrective actions to ensure the
organization stays on track.Steps in the Controlling Process
1. Setting Standards: Establishing clear and measurable standards of performance.
2. Measuring Performance: Collecting and analyzing data to assess actual performance
against the set standards.
3. Identifying Deviations: Determining any gaps or deviations between actual and desired
performance.
4. Taking Corrective Actions: Implementing changes or actions to correct any de\
and ensure the organization meets its goals.
Techniques of Controlling
Budgetary Control
Using budgets to plan and control financial activities. Budgets serve as a tool to compare
actual performance with planned performance.
Performance Appraisals
Regularly evaluating the performance of employees and departments to identify strengths
and weaknesses. This helps in providing feedback and making necessary adjustments.
Standardization
Establishing standard operating procedures (SOPs) and quality standards to ensure
consistency in performance. This includes both output and behavioral controls.
Centralization/Decentralization
Deciding the extent to which decision-making authority should be centralized or
decentralized. This affects the speed and efficiency of control mechanisms.Feedback Mechanisms
Implementing feedback systems to continuously monitor performance and make
adjustments. This can include periodic reports, audits, and customer feedback.
Tools of Controlling
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Using MIS to gather, process, and disseminate information necessary for controlling. This
includes databases, ERP systems, and other technological tools.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Defining and tracking KPIs to measure performance against set goals. KPIs help in
identifying areas that require corrective actions.
‘SWOT Analysis
Conducting SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis to understand
the internal and external environment and make informed decisions.
Conclusion
Coordination and controlling are essential fun
organization operates efficiently and effectively. By understanding the types, techniques,
and principles of coordination, and the steps and tools involved in controlling, managers
can better align organizational activities with its goals.
ns in management that ensure an
Key Takeaways- Coordination: Ensures unity of action and synchronization of efforts across different
departments and levels.
~ Techniques include sound planning, simplified organization, effective communication,
and effective leadership.
- Principles emphasize early beginning, reciprocal relationships, dynamism, and
simplified organization.
- Controlling: Involves monitoring and regulating activities to ensure alignment with
organizational goals.
- Steps include setting standards, measuring performance, identifying deviations, and
taking corrective actions.
~ Techniques include budgetary control, performance appraisals, standardization, and
feedback mechanisms.
By integrating these concepts into their management practices, organizations can enhance
their overall performance and achieve their strategic objectives.