Journal of Natural Sciences,

Life and Applied Sciences

Issue (2), Volume (3)
June 2019
ISSN: 2522-3356

Laplace–Elzaki Transform and its Properties with Applications to Integral

and Partial Differential Equations
Safaa Adnan Shaikh Al-Sook Mohammad Mahmud Amer
Faculty of Science || Al-Baath University || Syria
Abstract: Laplace-Elzaki transform (LET) as a double integral transform of a function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) of two variables was presented to
solve some integral and partial differential equations. Main properties and theorems were proved. The convolution of two
function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) and 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡) and the convolution theorem were discussed. The integral and partial differential equations
were turned to algebraic ones by using (LET) and its properties. The results showed that the Laplace-Elzaki transform was more
efficient and useful to handle such these kinds of equations.
Keywords: Laplace–Elzaki transform, Laplace transform, Elzaki transform, Convolution, Integral and partial differential
equations.

‫الزاكي وخواصه مع تطبيقاته على املعادالت التكاملية والتفاضلية الجزئية‬-‫تحويل البالس‬

‫محمد محمود عامر‬ ‫صفاء عدنان شيخ السوق‬
‫كلية العلوم || جامعة البعث || سوريا‬
‫ الزاكي كتحويل تكاملي مضاعف لحل بعض املعادالت التكاملية والتفاضلية الجزئية‬-‫ في هذه املقالة تمت دراسة تحويل البالس‬:‫امللخص‬
.‫𝑥(𝑔 من أجل التطرق ملبرهنة خاصة بهذا التالف‬, 𝑡) ‫𝑥(𝑓 و‬, 𝑡) ‫كذلك تم إثبات خواص ومبرهنات أساسية له باإلضافة إلى تالف دالتين‬
ّ ‫ الزاكي وخواصه على معادالت تكاملية وتفاضلية جزئية‬-‫هذا وعند تطبيق تحويل البالس‬
‫تحولت هذه املعادالت إلى معادالت جبرية وأشارت‬
ّ ‫النتائج إلى ّأن هذا التحويل أكثر‬
.‫فعالية وفائدة لحل هذا النوع من املعادالت‬
.‫ معادالت تكاملية وتفاضلية جزئية‬،)‫ التالف (الطي‬،‫ تحويل الزاكي‬،‫ تحويل البالس‬،‫الزاكي‬-‫ تحويل البالس‬:‫الكلمات املفتاحية‬

1. Introduction :
Pierre – Simon Laplace (1782) introduced the idea of its transform that became one of the most
famous transforms in mathematics, physics and engineering sciences. The Laplace transform was used to find
out the solution of linear differential, difference, and integral equations [1,2,3]. On ther hand, Tarig.M.Elzaki
(2010) modified Sumudu transform [4] and gave a new technique that used to solve linear and nonlinear
differential equations [5-8], integral equations[9], and other applications .Whereas using single Laplace and
Elzaki transforms to solve equations with unkown function of two variables were hard and useless sometimes

DOI : 10.26389/AJSRP.S130219 )96( Available online: www.ajsrp.com

 Journal of Natural Sciences, Life and Applied Sciences – AJSRP – Issue (2), Vol. (3) – June 2019

so the matheticians as L.Debnath used the double Laplace transform to solve functional, double integral
equations and partial differential equations [10]. While T.M.Elzaki and E.M.A.Hilal solved telegraph partial
differential equation by using double Elzaki transform [11]. In this paper , another double transform which
called Laplace-Elzaki transform of function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) was studied with properties and theorems to find out the
solution of some integral and partial differential equations. Consequently, the aim of this work is to develop a
method to solve double integral and partial differential equations easily by turning these kind of equations to
algebraic ones.

2. Research problem:
Partial differential equations and double integral equations with convolution type are used to
describe many problems in the field of engineering and most applied science . The solving of these equations
by Using single transforms were more difficult than using the double transforms. The Laplace-Elzaki transform
as a double transform and its properties were discussed to solve these kind of equations easily.

3. Materials and methods of research:

The inductive thinking was used to get a double integral transform. The single Laplace and Elzaki
transforms were combined in a double integral transform which called Laplace-Elzaki transform , so most of
properties for the two single transforms were generalized and most results related to the gamma function.

3.1. Basic concepts:

3.1.1. Laplace transform [2]:

Let 𝑓(𝑥) is a piecewise continuous function on interval [0, ∞[ and of exponential order so it
satisfy :
|𝑓 (𝑥)| < 𝑀𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ; 𝑎 > 0
Then the Laplace transform of this function is defined by :
∞

𝐿(𝑠) = 𝐿(𝑓(𝑥)) = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (1)

0
The inverse Laplace transform is :
∞

𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝐿−1 (𝐿(𝑠)) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑥 𝐿(𝑠)𝑑𝑠 (2)

0

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3.1.2. Elzaki transform [5-7]:

If 𝑓(𝑡) is a function from the set A where:
|𝑡|
𝐴 = {𝑓 (𝑡 ): ∃𝑀, 𝑘1 , 𝑘2 > 0, |𝑓 (𝑡 )| < 𝑀𝑒 𝑘𝑗
; 𝑡 ∈ (−1)𝑗 × [0, ∞[}

Then the Elzaki transform of this function is:

∞
−𝑝𝑡
𝐸 (𝑝) = 𝐸(𝑓(𝑡 )) = 𝑝 ∫ 𝑒 𝑓(𝑡 )𝑑𝑡 (3)
0

And the relation between Laplace and Elzaki transform is :

1
𝐿(𝑠) = 𝑝𝐸 ( ) (4)
𝑝
So the inverse Elzaki transform has the form :
∞
1
𝑓(𝑡 ) = 𝐸 −1 (𝐸 (𝑝)) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝐸 ( ) 𝑑𝑝 (5)
𝑝
0

3.1.3. Gamma function[12]:

𝛤(𝑎) is the gamma function which defined by the form
∞
𝛤 (𝑎) = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 𝑎−1 𝑑𝑥 (6)
0
The gamma function satisfies many properties like :
𝛤 (𝑎 + 1) = 𝑎𝛤 (𝑎) (7)
If 𝑎 ∈ 𝑁 then,
𝛤 (a) = (a + 1)! (8)

4. Discussion and results:

4.1. Definition of the Laplace-Elzaki transform (𝑳𝑬𝑻) :

The Laplace-Elzaki transform of function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) of two variable 𝑥 and 𝑡 defined in the first
quadrant of the 𝑥 − 𝑡 plane is defined by the double integral in the form:
∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝑥 𝐸𝑡 (𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 )) = 𝐿𝐸(𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 )) = 𝑝∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡 (9)
0 0
Evidently, 𝐿𝐸𝑇 is linear integral transformation as shown below :

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∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
𝐿𝐸(𝛼𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) + 𝛽𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡 )) = 𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 [ 𝛼𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) + 𝛽𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡)]𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0
∞ ∞ −𝑠𝑥− 𝑡 ∞ ∞ −𝑠𝑥− 𝑡
= 𝑝 ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑝 𝛼𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡 + 𝑝 ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑝 𝛽𝑔 (𝑥, 𝑡 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡 −𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
= 𝛼𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡 + 𝛽𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0 0 0

= 𝛼𝐿𝐸(𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 )) + 𝛽𝐿𝐸(𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡 )) (10)

Where 𝛼 and 𝛽 are constants.
By using the Bromwich inversion formula [2] The inverse Laplace-Elzaki transform is defined by the
complex integral formula :
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝐿𝐸−1 (𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝))
𝛼+𝑖∞ 𝛽+𝑖∞
1 𝑠𝑥+𝑝𝑡 1
= ∫ ∫ 𝑝𝑒 𝑓 (𝑠, 𝑝) 𝑑𝑠𝑑𝑝 (11)
(2𝜋𝑖)2
𝛼−𝑖∞ 𝛽−𝑖∞

4.2. Laplace – Elzaki transform of basic functions :

(a)
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝑥 𝑎 𝑡 𝑏 for 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑡 > 0 , then
∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝐸 (𝑥 𝑎 𝑡 𝑏 ) = 𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑎 𝑡 𝑏 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0
∞ ∞
−𝑝𝑡 𝑏
= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑥 𝑥 𝑎 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑝𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝛤(𝑎+1) 𝑏+2
= 𝑝 𝛤 (𝑏 + 1) (12)
𝑠 𝑎+1
In particular,
𝑝2
𝐿𝐸 (1) = (13)
𝑠
where 𝑎 > −1 and 𝑏 > −1 are real numbers
Consequently if 𝑎 and 𝑏 are natural numbers in (12) we obtain
𝑎! 𝑏!
𝐿𝐸 (𝑥 𝑎 𝑡 𝑏 ) = 𝑎+1 𝑝𝑏+2 (14)
𝑠
(b)
Let 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝑒 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) , then
∞ ∞ −𝑠𝑥− 𝑡 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡)
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝐸(𝑒 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) ) = 𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 0
𝑝𝑒
0
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡

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∞ ∞
1
−(𝑝 −𝑏)𝑡
= ∫ 𝑒 −(𝑠−𝑎)𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝑝2 1
= ; 𝑅𝑒(𝑝) > 𝑏 & 𝑅𝑒(𝑠) > 𝑎 (15)
(𝑠 − 𝑎)(1 − 𝑏𝑝)
Similarly,
𝑖(𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡)
𝑝2
𝐿𝐸(𝑒 )= (16)
(𝑠 − 𝑖𝑎)(1 − 𝑖𝑏𝑝)
(c)
As we known
𝑒 𝑖(𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) − 𝑒 −𝑖(𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡)
sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑡 ) = (17)
2𝑖
𝑒 𝑖(𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) + 𝑒 −𝑖(𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡)
cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑡 ) = (18)
2
From the linearity property of (LET) and the equations (15), (16), (17), and (18) we get :
𝑎𝑝2 + 𝑠𝑏𝑝3
LE[sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑡 )] = (19)
(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )(1 + 𝑏2 𝑝2 )
𝑠𝑝2 − 𝑎𝑏𝑝3
LE[cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑡 )] = 2 (20)
(𝑠 + 𝑎2 )(1 + 𝑏2 𝑝2 )
Similarly,
𝑒 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) − 𝑒 −(𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡)
sinh(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑡 ) = (21)
2
𝑒 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) + 𝑒 −(𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡)
cosℎ(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑡 ) = (22)
2
So,
𝑎𝑝2 + 𝑠𝑏𝑝3
LE[sinh(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑡 )] = 2 (23)
(𝑠 − 𝑎2 )(1 − 𝑏2 𝑝2 )
𝑠𝑝2 − 𝑎𝑏𝑝3
LE[cosh(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑡 )] = 2 (24)
(𝑠 − 𝑎2 )(1 − 𝑏2 𝑝2 )
(d)
∞ ∞ −𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
𝐿𝐸(𝐽0 (𝑎√𝑥𝑡)) = 𝑝 ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝐽0 (𝑎√𝑥𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
∞ ∞
−𝑝𝑡
= 𝑝∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑥 𝐽0 (𝑎√𝑥𝑡)𝑑𝑥
0 0
∞
𝑝 −𝑡 𝑎2 𝑡 1 𝑎2 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑝 𝑒 − 4𝑠 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐸 (𝑒 − 4𝑠 )
𝑠 𝑠
0

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𝑝2 4𝑝2
= = (25)
𝑎2 4𝑠 + 𝑎2 𝑝
𝑠(1 + 𝑝)
4𝑠
Where 𝐽0 (𝑥) is a Bessel function of zero order which has the formula:
∞
(−1)𝑛 𝑥 2𝑛
𝐽0 (𝑥) = ∑ ( ) (26)
𝑛! 𝛤 (𝑛 + 1) 2
𝑛=0
(e)
∞ ∞ −𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
𝐿𝐸[𝐻 (𝑥 − 𝑥0 , 𝑡 − 𝑡0 )] = 𝑝 ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝐻(𝑥 − 𝑥0 , 𝑡 − 𝑡0 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
∞ ∞
−𝑝𝑡
= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑥0 𝑡0
−𝑠𝑥0
𝑡
− 𝑝0 𝑒
= 𝑝2 𝑒 (27)
𝑠
where 𝐻(𝑥 − 𝑥0 , 𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) is Heaviside function which has the formula :
1 ; 𝑥 ≥ 𝑥0 and 𝑡 ≥ 𝑡0
𝐻 (𝑥 − 𝑥0 , 𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) = { (28)
0 ; 𝑥 < 𝑥0 and 𝑡 < 𝑡0
A table of Laplace-Elzaki transform can be constructed from the standard tables of Laplace and Elzaki
transforms by using the definition (9) or by evaluating double integrals. The above results can be used to solve
integral and partial differential equations.

4.2.1. Corollary: Let 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒕) = 𝒈(𝒙)𝒉(𝒕), then

𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝐸 [𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 )] = 𝐿[𝑔(𝑥)]𝐸 [ℎ(𝑡 )] (29)
Proof:
∞ ∞ 𝑡
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝐸 [𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 )] = 𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑔(𝑥)ℎ(𝑡 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0
∞ ∞
−𝑝𝑡
= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑝𝑒 ℎ(𝑡 )𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑔(𝑥)]𝐸[ℎ(𝑡 )]
0 0

4.2.2. Corollary: If 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿[𝑔(𝑥)]𝐸[ℎ(𝑡)] = 𝐿(𝑠)𝐸(𝑝) then the inverse Laplace-Elzaki

transform can be calculated by the residue theorem [2] :
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝐿𝐸 −1 (𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝))
𝛼+𝑖∞ 𝛽+𝑖∞
1 1
= ∫ ∫ 𝑝𝑒 𝑠𝑥+𝑝𝑡 𝐿(𝑠)𝐸 (𝑝) 𝑑𝑠𝑑𝑝
(2𝜋𝑖)2
𝛼−𝑖∞ 𝛽−𝑖∞
𝑛 𝑚
1
= ∑ ∑ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑠=𝑠𝑖 [𝑒 𝑠𝑥 𝐿(𝑠)] 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝=𝑝𝑗 [𝑝𝑒 𝑝𝑡 𝐸(𝑝)] (30)
𝑖=1 𝑗=1

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Where 𝑠1 , … … , 𝑠𝑛 and 𝑝1 , … … , 𝑝𝑚 are the poles of 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿(𝑠)𝐸(𝑝).

4.3. Existence conditions for Laplace-Elzaki transform :

If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) is a function of exponential order then for 𝑎 > 0, 𝑏 > 0 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞ and
0 ≤ 𝑡 < ∞ there exists a positive constant 𝑘 such that for all 𝑥 > 𝑋 and 𝑡 > T :
|𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)| ≤ 𝑘𝑒 𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡 (31)
and we write
f(x, t) = 𝑂(𝑒 𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡 ) as 𝑥 → ∞ , 𝑡 → ∞ (32)
Or, equivalently,
lim 𝑒 −𝛼𝑥−𝛽𝑡 |𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)| == 𝑘 lim 𝑒 −(𝛼−𝑎)𝑥−(𝛽−𝑏)𝑡 = 0; 𝛼 > 𝑎 , 𝛽 > 𝑏 (33)
𝑥→∞,𝑡→∞ 𝑥→∞,𝑡→∞
consequantly, if 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) is a continuous function in every finite intervals (0, 𝑋) and (0, 𝑇) also
1 𝑡
for 𝑏 = (𝑐 > 0) a function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) is of exponential order 𝑒 𝑎𝑥+𝑐 :
𝑐
𝑡
|𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 )| ≤ 𝑘𝑒 𝑎𝑥+𝑐 (34)
then the Laplace-Elzaki transform of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) exists for all 𝑠 and 𝑝 provided 𝑅𝑒(𝑠) >
1 1
𝑎 and 𝑅𝑒 ( ) > .
𝑝 𝑐

4.4. Basic properties of the Laplace-Elzaki transform:

We can prove the following general properties of the Laplace-Elzaki transform under suitable
conditions of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡):

4.4.1. Shifting property :

𝑝
𝐿𝐸 (𝑒 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡 )) = (1 − 𝑏𝑝)𝐿𝐸 (𝑠 − 𝑎, ) (35)
1 − 𝑏𝑝
Proof:
∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
𝐿𝐸(𝑒 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)) = 𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑒 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0
∞ ∞ −( 1 −𝑏)𝑡 −(𝑠−𝑎)𝑥
= 𝑝 ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑝 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
𝑝
Let 𝑞 = then,
1−𝑏𝑝
∞ ∞
−𝑞𝑡
𝐿𝐸(𝑒 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑡) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)) = (1 − 𝑏𝑝)𝑞 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑒 −(𝑠−𝑎)𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝑝
= (1 − 𝑏𝑝)𝐿𝐸 (𝑠 − 𝑎, 𝑞) = (1 − 𝑏𝑝)𝐿𝐸 (𝑠 − 𝑎, )
1 − 𝑏𝑝

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4.4.2. Derivative property :

If 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝐸(𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)) then,
𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝑡)
a) 𝐿𝐸 (
𝜕𝑥
) = 𝑠𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝐸(𝑓(0, 𝑡)) (36)
Proof:
∞ ∞
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) −𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡 𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)
𝐿𝐸 ( ) = 𝑝∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
0 0
∞ ∞
−𝑝𝑡 𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)
= 𝑝∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑥
0 0
−𝑠𝑥 𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝑡)
Suppose 𝑢 = 𝑒 , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 then,
𝜕𝑥
∞ ∞
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) −𝑡 ∞
𝐿𝐸 ( ) = 𝑝 ∫ 𝑒 𝑝 𝑑𝑡 [𝑒 −𝑠𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)| + 𝑠 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥]
𝜕𝑥 𝑥=0
0 0
= −𝐸(𝑓(0, 𝑡)) + 𝑠𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)
𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝑡) 1
b) 𝐿𝐸 (
𝜕𝑡
) = 𝑝 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝑝𝐿(𝑓(𝑥, 0)) (37)
proof:
∞ ∞
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) −𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡 𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)
𝐿𝐸 ( ) = 𝑝∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
0 0
𝑡
∞ −𝑠𝑥 ∞ − 𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝑡)
= 𝑝 ∫0 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 ∫0 𝑒 𝑝 𝑑𝑡
𝜕𝑡
𝑡
− 𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝑡)
Suppose 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑝 , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 then,
𝜕𝑡
∞ ∞
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) −𝑠𝑥 −
𝑡 ∞ 1 −
𝑡
𝐿𝐸 ( ) = 𝑝 ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 [𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)|
𝑝 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑡]
𝑝
𝜕𝑡 𝑡=0 𝑝
0 0
1
= −𝑝𝐿(𝑓(𝑥, 0)) + 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)
𝑝
Similarly,
𝜕2 𝑓(𝑥,𝑡) 𝑠
c) 𝐿𝐸 (
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑡
) = 𝑝 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝑠𝑝𝐿(𝑓(𝑥, 0)) − 𝐸(𝑓𝑡 (0, 𝑡)) (38)
𝜕2 𝑓(𝑥,𝑡)
d) 𝐿𝐸 (
𝜕𝑥 2
) = 𝑠 2 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝑠𝐸(𝑓(0, 𝑡)) − 𝐸(𝑓𝑥 (0, 𝑡)) (39)
𝜕2 𝑓(𝑥,𝑡) 1
e) 𝐿𝐸 (
𝜕𝑡 2
) = 𝑝2 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝐿(𝑓(𝑥, 0)) − 𝑝𝐿(𝑓𝑡 (𝑥, 0)) (40)

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4.4.3. Theorem : If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) is periodic function of periods 𝑎 and 𝑏 (that is 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑎, 𝑡 + 𝑏) = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)
for all 𝑥 and 𝑡) and if 𝐿𝐸(𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)) exists, then
∞ ∞ −𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
𝐿𝐸(𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)) = 𝑝 ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
𝑎 𝑏 −𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡 ∞ ∞ −𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
= 𝑝 ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡 + 𝑝 ∫𝑎 ∫𝑏 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
Setting 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 𝑎 , 𝑣 = 𝑡 − 𝑏, then :
𝐿𝐸(𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)) = 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)
𝑎 𝑏
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
= 𝑝∫∫𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0
∞ ∞
𝑏 𝑣
−𝑠𝑎−𝑝 −𝑠𝑢−𝑝
+ 𝑝𝑒 ∫∫𝑒 𝑓(𝑢 + 𝑎, 𝑣 + 𝑏)𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣
0 0
𝑎 𝑏 ∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡 𝑏
−𝑠𝑎−𝑝 𝑣
−𝑠𝑢−𝑝
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡 + 𝑝𝑒 ∫∫𝑒 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣)𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣
0 0 0 0
𝑎 𝑏
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡 𝑏
−𝑠𝑎−𝑝
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡 + 𝑒 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)
0 0
Consequently,
𝑎 𝑏
𝑏 −1
−𝑠𝑎−𝑝 −𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = [1 − 𝑒 ] .𝑝∫∫𝑒 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡 (41)
0 0

4.5. Convolution and convolution theorem of the Laplace-Elzaki transform:

The convolution of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) and 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡) is denoted by (𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔)(𝑥, 𝑡) and defined by :
𝑥 𝑡

(𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔)(𝑥, 𝑡 ) = ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑢, 𝑡 − 𝑣) 𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 (42)

0 0
The convolution is commutative, that is:
(𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔)(𝑥, 𝑡 ) = (𝑔 ∗∗ 𝑓)(𝑥, 𝑡 ) (43)
This follows from the definition (42), it can easily be verified that the following properties of
convolution are correct :
1. [𝑓 ∗∗ (𝑔 ∗∗ ℎ)](𝑥, 𝑡 ) = [(𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔) ∗∗ ℎ](𝑥, 𝑡 ) (44) (Associative)
2. [𝑓 ∗∗ (𝑎𝑔 + 𝑏ℎ)](𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝑎(𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔)(𝑥, 𝑡 ) + 𝑏(𝑓 ∗∗ ℎ)(𝑥, 𝑡) (45) (Distributive).
3. (𝑓 ∗∗ 𝛿 )(𝑥, 𝑡 ) = (𝛿 ∗∗ 𝑓)(𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) (46) (Identity).

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Where 𝛿(𝑥, 𝑡) is the Dirac delta function of 𝑥 and 𝑡.

4.5.1. Theorem: If 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝐸(𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡)), then

𝜏
−𝑠𝜀−𝑝
𝐿𝐸 (𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝜀, 𝑡 − 𝜏)𝐻(𝑥 − 𝜀, 𝑡 − 𝜏)) = 𝑒 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) (47)
Where 𝐻(𝑥, 𝑡) is the Heaviside unit step function defined by (28).
Proof: We have, by definition:
𝐿𝐸 (𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝜀, 𝑡 − 𝜏)𝐻(𝑥 − 𝜀, 𝑡 − 𝜏)) =
∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
= 𝑝∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝜀, 𝑡 − 𝜏)𝐻(𝑥 − 𝜀, 𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0
∞ ∞ −𝑠𝑥− 𝑡
= 𝑝 ∫𝜀 ∫𝜏 𝑒 𝑝 𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝜀, 𝑡 − 𝜏)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
by putting 𝑥 − 𝜀 = 𝑦 , 𝑡 − 𝜏 = 𝑧 :
𝜏 ∞ ∞ 𝑧
−𝑠𝜀−𝑝 −𝑠𝑦−𝑝
= 𝑝𝑒 ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑧)𝑑𝑦𝑑z
𝜏
−𝑠𝜀−𝑝
=𝑒 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)

4.5.2. Theorem: (Convolution theorem)

If 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝐸(𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡 )) and 𝑔̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝐸(𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡 )), then
1 1
𝐿𝐸 [(𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔)(𝑥, 𝑡)] = 𝐿𝐸(𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ))𝐿𝐸(𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡 )) = 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)𝑔̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) (48)
𝑝 𝑝
Or, equivalently,
1
𝐿𝐸 −1 [ 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝). 𝑔̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)] = (𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔)(𝑥, 𝑡 ) (49)
𝑝
Where (𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔)(𝑥, 𝑡) is defined by the double integral (42) of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) and
𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡).
Proof: We have, by definition,
∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
𝐿𝐸 [(𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔)(𝑥, 𝑡 )] = 𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 (𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑔)(𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0
∞ ∞ 𝑥 𝑡
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
= 𝑝∫ ∫ 𝑒 [∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑢, 𝑡 − 𝑣) 𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣] 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0 0 0
Which is using the Heaviside unit step function,
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑥−𝑝𝑡
= 𝑝∫ ∫ 𝑒 [∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑢, 𝑡 − 𝑣)𝐻(𝑥 − 𝑢, 𝑡 − 𝑣) 𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣] 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡
0 0 0 0

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∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
−sx−pt
= p ∫ ∫ g(u, v)dudv [∫ ∫ e f(x − u, t − v)H(x − u, t − v)dxdt]
0 0 0 0
Which is, by theorem (4.5.1),
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
𝑣
−𝑠𝑢−𝑝 1 𝑣
−𝑠𝑢−𝑝
= ∫ ∫ 𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣 )𝑒 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 = . 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝). 𝑝 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣
𝑝
0 0 0 0
1
= 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)𝑔̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)
𝑝

4.6. Applications of Laplace-Elzaki transform to integral and partial Differential equations:

4.6.1. Integral equations:

(a) The nonhomogeneous two dimensional Voltera integral equation of the first kind of convolution type is
defined as:
𝑥 𝑡

𝜆 ∫ ∫ 𝑘(𝑥 − 𝑢, 𝑡 − 𝑣) 𝑓 (𝑢, 𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡 ) (50)

0 0
Where 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) is an unknown function and λ is constant.
We apply the Laplace-Elzaki transform to (50) to obtain:
𝑥 𝑡

𝐿𝐸 [𝜆 ∫ ∫ 𝑘(𝑥 − 𝑢, 𝑡 − 𝑣) 𝑓 (𝑢, 𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣] = 𝐿𝐸 [𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡 )]

0 0
Using of (42) and (48) to get:
λ𝐿𝐸 [(𝑘 ∗∗ 𝑓)(𝑥, 𝑡)] = 𝐿𝐸 [𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡 )]
λ
𝑘̿ (𝑠, 𝑝). 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝑔̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)
𝑝
Simplifying this equation :
𝑝 𝑔̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) 1
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = = 𝐻(𝑠, 𝑝)
λ 𝑘̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) λ
𝑔̿ (𝑠,𝑝)
Where 𝐻 (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝑝 ̿ (𝑠,𝑝)
𝑘
The inverse transform gives the solution of the equation (50) as:
1 −1
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝐿𝐸 [𝐻(𝑠, 𝑝)]
λ
Notice that according to the convolution property (43) the equation (50) can be defined by :
𝑥 𝑡

𝜆 ∫ ∫ 𝑘(𝑢, 𝑣) 𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝑢, 𝑡 − 𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑡 ) (51)

0 0

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Examples:

(a) Solve the equation:

𝑥 𝑡

2 ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑢−𝑣 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑢, 𝑡 − 𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥−𝑡 − 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 (52)

0 0
Application of the Laplace-Elzaki transform to (52) next Using (42) and (48) gives :
2𝐿𝐸(𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) ∗∗ 𝑒 𝑥−𝑡 ) = 𝐿𝐸 (𝑥𝑒 𝑥−𝑡 ) − 𝐿𝐸(𝑥𝑒 𝑥 )
Or,
2 𝑝2 𝑝2 𝑝2
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = −
𝑝 (𝑠 − 1)(1 + 𝑝) (1 + 𝑝)(𝑠 − 1)2 (𝑠 − 1)2
1 𝑝2
̿
𝑓 (𝑠, 𝑝) = −
2𝑠 − 1
If the inverse transform was applied on the last relation we obtain :
1
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) = − 𝑒 𝑥
2
Which is the solution of (52).

(b) Solve the equation :

𝑥 𝑡

∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑢, 𝑡 − 𝑣) 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎2 𝑡 ; 𝑎 = const (53)

0 0
If we apply the Laplace-Elzaki transform on (53) and depend on (42) and (48) we obtain:
𝐿𝐸 (𝑓 ∗∗ 𝑓) = 𝐿𝐸(𝑎2 𝑡)

Or,
1 𝑝3
̿ ̿
𝑓 (𝑠, 𝑝)𝑓 (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝑎 2
𝑝 𝑠
4
2 𝑝
[𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)] = 𝑎2
𝑠
So,
𝑎𝑝2
𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) =
√𝑠
If we take the inverse transform then:
𝑎 1
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) =
√𝜋 √𝑥
That is the solution of (53).

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4.6.2. Partial differential equations (PDE):

The nonhomogeneous PDE of second order and constant coefficients which have the form:
𝑎𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑡 + 𝑐𝑢𝑥 + 𝑑𝑢𝑡 + 𝑒𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ) (54)
Where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒 are constants, with initial and boundary conditions:
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓1 (𝑥) , 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 𝑓2 (𝑥) (55)
𝑢(0, 𝑡 ) = 𝑓3 (𝑡 ) , 𝑢𝑥 (0, 𝑡 ) = 𝑓4 (𝑡 ) (56)
Apply Laplace-Elzaki transform (𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝐿𝐸[𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡)]) with linearity and derivatives
properties to (54) to get:
𝑎𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑥𝑥 ) + 𝑏𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑡𝑡 ) + 𝑐𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑥 ) + 𝑑𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑡 ) + 𝑒𝐿𝐸(𝑢) = 𝐿𝐸(𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑡 ))
Or,
𝑎[𝑠 2 𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝐸(𝑢(0, 𝑡 )) − 𝐸(𝑢𝑥 (0, 𝑡 ))]
1
+ 𝑏 [ 2 𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝐿(𝑢(𝑥, 0)) − 𝑝𝐿(𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0))]
𝑝
1
+ 𝑐[𝑠𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝐸(𝑢(0, 𝑡 ))] + 𝑑 [ 𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝑝𝐿(𝑢(𝑥, 0))] = 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)
𝑝
By using (55)and (56) we obtain :
𝑏 𝑑
(𝑎𝑠 2 + 2
+ 𝑐𝑠 + + 𝑒) 𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 𝑎𝑠𝑓3̅ (𝑝) + 𝑎𝑓4̅ (𝑝) + 𝑏𝑓1̅ (𝑠) +
𝑝 𝑝
+𝑏𝑝𝑓2̅ (𝑠) + c𝑓3̅ (𝑝) + 𝑒𝑝𝑓1̅ (𝑠) + 𝑓 ̿ (𝑠, 𝑝)
Where 𝑓1̅ (𝑠) = 𝐿(𝑢(𝑥, 0)), 𝑓2̅ (𝑠) = 𝐿(𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0)), 𝑓3̅ (𝑝) = 𝐸(𝑢(0, 𝑡 )),
𝑓4̅ (𝑝) = 𝐸(𝑢𝑥 (0, 𝑡 )).
Simplify the last relation next apply the inverse Laplace-Elzaki transform to obtain the solution
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) of the given equation.

Example(1): solve the equation

𝑢𝑥𝑥 − 𝑢𝑡𝑡 + 𝑢𝑡 + 9𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 (57)
With
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 0 , 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 (58)
𝑢(0, 𝑡 ) = 0 , 𝑢𝑥 (0, 𝑡 ) = 3𝑡 (59)
Application of the Laplace-Elzaki transform to (57), Laplace transform to (58) and Elzaki transform to
(59) give:
𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑥𝑥 ) − 𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑡𝑡 ) + 𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑡 ) + 9𝐿𝐸(𝑢) = 𝐿𝐸(𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥)
Let 𝐿𝐸(𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡 )) = 𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) and use (37),(39) and (40) then:
2 ( 3
1 3𝑝 1 3𝑝2
𝑠 𝑢̿ 𝑠, 𝑝) − 3𝑝 − 2 𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) + 2 + 𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) + 9𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 2
𝑝 𝑠 +9 𝑝 𝑠 +9
Or,

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3𝑝3
𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) = 2
𝑠 +9
The inverse Laplace-Elzaki transform gives :
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥
Remark: If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) = 0 in equation (54) then we called this PDE a homogeneous equation.

Example(2):Solve the equation

𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑢𝑡𝑡 + 3𝑢𝑥 = 0 (60)
With
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 0 , 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 𝑒 −3𝑥 (61)
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑡 , 𝑢𝑥 (0, 𝑡) = − 3𝑡 (62)
Apply the Laplace-Elzaki transform on (60), Laplace transform on (61) and Elzaki transform on (62),
next use (36), (39) and (40) to obtain:
𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑥𝑥 ) + 2𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑡𝑡 ) + 3𝐿𝐸(𝑢𝑥 ) = 0
Let 𝐿𝐸(𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) then,
2 2𝑝
𝑠 2 𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − 𝑠𝑝3 + 3𝑝3 + 2
𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) − − 3𝑝3 = 0
𝑝 𝑠+3
Or,
2 2𝑝
(𝑠 2 + + 3𝑠) 𝑢
̿ ( 𝑠, 𝑝 ) = 𝑠𝑝 3
− 3𝑝 3
+ + 3𝑝3
𝑝2 𝑠+3
Or,
𝑝3
𝑢̿ (𝑠, 𝑝) =
𝑠+3
Applying inverse transform gives the solution :
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡 ) = 𝑡𝑒 −3𝑥

Conclusion:
Two different single transforms were combined together to present a new double transform (LET), so
main properties and theorems were generalized with proofs to solve some integral and patial differential
equations. We concluded that (LET) was a powerful technique to deal with these kind of equations. Another
applications on integro-partial differential and nonlinear partial differential equations will be discussed in
subsequent paper.

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 Journal of Natural Sciences, Life and Applied Sciences – AJSRP – Issue (2), Vol. (3) – June 2019

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with Applications to Integral and Partial