PERFORMANCE AND DEVELOPMENT.

This is one among the functions of Human resources management in operative functions. It is the
process of improving,moulding and changing the skills, knowledge, creative ability, aptitude, attitude,
values, commitment etc., based on present and future job and organisational requirements.Under
performance and development functions there are different points but the focus will mainly be in;

>Training and development.

>Career planning and development.

Training and Development

Training and Development is one of the main functions of the human resource management
department. Training refers to a systematic setup where employees are instructed and taught matters
of technical knowledge related to their jobs. It focuses on teaching employees how to use particular
machines or how to do specific tasks to increase efficiency.

Development refers to the overall holistic and educational growth and maturity of people in managerial
positions. The process of development is in relation to insights, attitudes, adaptability, leadership and
human relations.

Training and Development Programmes

Training and development programmes are designed according to the requirements of the organisation,
the type and skills of employees being trained, the end goals of the training and the job profile of the
employees. These programmes are generally classified into two types:

(i) On the job programmes.

(ii)Off the job programmes.

On-the-Job methods are generally the methods that are applied to the workplace during the working of
the employee. It means learning while working. Off-the-Job methods refer to the methods that are used
away from the workplace. It means learning before working.

ON THE JOB METHODS.

Apprenticeship Programs

Apprenticeship programs place the trainee under the guidance of well-trained personnel. These
programs are designed to obtain skills and knowledge of higher levels. Such programs are necessary for
people entering skilled jobs, like, plumbers, electricians, etc. These apprentices are trainees who enter
into these programs and invest some time working under the guidance of a professional or a trainer. The
trainees are required to spend a specified time here where both fast and slow learners are trained
together. The slow learners may be provided with additional training.
Coaching

In this method, the trainer who is known as the coach guides and instructs the trainee. The coach or the
trainer sets the required goals with a mutual discussion, advises on how to achieve those goals, analyzes
the trainees’ progress from time to time, and suggests changes necessary in the attitude and
performance. The trainee works under the senior manager and the manager takes full responsibility for
the employees’ training. The training is done to take the place of the senior manager so that he can be
freed from some of his duties. This is also a chance for the trainee to learn about his job and the working
of the organization.

Internship Training

Internship training is a cooperation of educational institutions and business firms. These trainings are
generally a joint program. The candidates who are selected continue to pursue their studies regularly
and also work in a factory or office to gain the practical knowledge and skills required for a job.

Job Rotation

Job rotation involves shifting trainees from one job to another or from one department to another. This
allows the trainee to gain a better understanding of the working of the organization and all its parts. The
rotation enables the trainee to indulge in all kinds of operations from different departments, and also
allows them to enhance their knowledge and skills. This is also beneficial for the trainees, as they get to
interact with other employees, which creates cooperation among different departments. Such training
of employees makes it easier for the organization at the time of promotions, replacements, or transfers.

OFF THE JOB METHODS

Class Room Lectures or Conferences

The lecture or conference method is generally used for conveying specific information, rules,
procedures, or methods. The use of audio-visual means makes a formal classroom presentation more
interesting along with increasing the memory and proving an instrument for clearing difficulties or
doubts.

Films

Films supply information and show a definite display of skills that are not easily represented by other
techniques. The use of films together with conference discussion is a very effective method in most
cases.

Case Study

Case studies are the actual experiences faced by the organization. They display the events that the
managers have faced in real life. The trainees study these cases and analyze them sincerely to find out
the problems and their causes, come up with possible solutions, select the best solution and at last,
implement it.
Computer Modelling

It encourages the work environment by developing a computer program that copies a few of the
realities of the job and enables learning to take place securely. It also allows the organization to see the
mistakes that may occur and how much they would cost. This saves the organization from making
mistakes in such situations in real life.

Vestibule Training

In vestibule training, the employees are given training on the equipment that they will be using during
their jobs. Though the training is conducted away from the actual workplace, the trainees are provided
with a work environment in which all the pieces of equipment, files, and materials to be used are
present. This method is usually used when the employees need to handle advanced or complex
equipment and machinery.

Programmed Instruction

Such a method includes a predetermined and proposed acquisition of some definite skills or general
knowledge. In this method, the information is divided into meaningful units, and these units are
arranged in a proper way to form a logical and consecutive learning bundle or collection, i.e., from
simple to complex. The trainee is required to answer the questions asked or by filling in the blanks.

Other Training Programmes

Technical Training

Technical training is that type of training that is aimed at teaching employees how a particular
technology or a machine.

Quality Training
 Quality training is usually performed in companies who physically produce a product. Quality training
teaches employees to identify faulty products and only allow perfect products to go out to the markets.

Skills Training

Skills training refers to training given to employees so as to perform their particular jobs. For example, A
receptionist would be specifically taught to answer calls and handle the answering machine.

Soft Skills

Soft skills training includes personality development, being welcoming and friendly to clients, building
rapport, training on sexual harassment.

Professional Training

Professional Training is done for jobs that have constantly changing and evolving work like the field of
medicine and research. People working in these sectors have to be regularly updated on matters of the
industry.

Team Training

Team training establishes a level of trust and synchronicity between team members for increased
efficiency.

Benefits of Training

1.Training improves the quantity and quality of the workforce. It increases the skills and knowledge base
of the employees.

2.It improves upon the time and money required to reach the company’s goals. For e.g. Trained
salesmen achieve and exceed their targets faster than inexperienced and untrained salesmen.

3.Training helps to identify the highly skilled and talented employees and the company can give them
jobs of higher responsibilities.

4.Trained employees are highly efficient in comparison to untrained ones.

5.Reduces the need to constantly supervise and overlook the employees.

6.Improves job satisfaction and thus boosts morale.

Benefits of Development

1.Exposes executives to the latest techniques and trends in their professional fields.

2.Ensures that the company has an adequate number of managers with knowledge and skill at any given
point.
3.Helps in the long-term growth and survival of the company.

4.Creates an effective team of managers who can handle the company issues without fail.

5.Ensures that the employees utilise their managerial and leadership skills in particular to the fullest.