Science 6th primary 1st term unit 2 lesson 2

Measuring
Temperature

:The importance of measuring temperature

.helping us to measure the body temperature -1

.to measure the weather temperature -2
.some processes of food industries require a certain temperature -3

Can we measure the temperature by touching

!!!???? only
NO,,,,,, because touching just tell us if the object is hot or cold !! But it
.can't measure the temperature

.So,,,,,, We use "Thermometer" to measure temperature

:Thermometer
.It is the device that is used to measure the temperature

?does the thermometer work How

.ty 1 ----- to show how does the thermometer work Activi

Observation :
When we put the bottle in warm place, the liquid rises in the straw.

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 Science 6th primary 1st term unit 2 lesson 2

When we put the bottle in cold place, the liquid falls down in the straw.

Conclusion:
The changing of liquid volume by changing the temperature is the idea of making
Thermometer. Where,,,, liquids expand by heating and contract by cooling.

Types of thermometer:

1- Medical thermometer 2- Celsius

thermometer.

1- Medical thermometer

The medical thermometer

It is the thermometer that is used to measure the
temperature of
The human being.

Its structure:
It consists of:
1- transparent thick glass tube.
2- A capillary tube closed from one of its ends.
3- Mercury bulb filled with mercury and connected the end of capillary tube.

Where,,, above the mercury bulb, there is a constriction to

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 Science 6th primary 1st term unit 2 lesson 2

prevent the mercury from going back to the bulb quickly in order to read the
measurement easily.

Its scale:
- it starts from 35ºc to 42ºc.

- each degree is divided into 10 parts.

How to use medical thermometer??!!

Steps
1 – sterilize thermometer using ethyl alcohol.
2 –dry the thermometer very well.
3 –shake the thermometer well.
4 –put it under your tongue for a minute.
5 –get thermometer out, and read the temperature.
6 – sterilize the thermometer again, and put it in its box.

Note ☼
The body temperature of the healthy persons is 37 º C

Be Careful:
 Don't seize the thermometer firmly
with your teeth as the mercury is toxic.
 While recording the temperature, the
thermometer must be vertical.

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 Science 6th primary 1st term unit 2 lesson 2

Technological applications:
There are some modern digital thermometers which display the body
temperature digitally and used especially for children.

2- Celsius thermometer

Celsius thermometer
It is the thermometer that is used to measure the temperature
of
Liquids.

☼Its
structure
1 – transparent thick glass tube.
2 – a capillary tube closed from one of its ends.
3 – Mercury bulb.

۞ In Celsius thermometer, there is no constriction above mercury bulb.

☼Its Scale
- it starts form zero Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius, and each degree
represent by one part on the scale.

Note
The scale may be reach to 200 degrees in some types of Celsius thermometer.
The Celsius thermometer can measure the melting point of ice ( zero ) and the boiling
point of water (100 degrees).

Scientists helped humanity

- the Swedish scientist (Andres Celsius) created the Celsius scale in
1747.

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 Science 6th primary 1st term unit 2 lesson 2

- He considered the zero as the melting point of ice, and 100ºC as

the melting point of water.
- He divided the scale into 100 parts.

Activity 2 ---- how to use Celsius thermometer?!

Conclusion
The mercury level in the capillary tube changes from one liquid to
another according to its temperature.

Why mercury is preferred in making therometers???

1-it can be easily seen through thermometer glass.
2- it is a good conductor of heat.
3-it expands regularly so, it gives an accurate estimation.
4- it doesn't stick to the walls of capillary tube.

Enriching information:
Some thermometers contain two scales, one represent Celsius scale (C)
and the other represents Fahrenheit scale (F)
Where, 0ºC=32ºF and 100ºC= 212ºF

Comparison between Celsius thermometer and medical

thermometer:
Points Celsius thermometer Medical thermometer
Structure a. transparent thick glass tube.
b capillary tube closed from one o its ends.
c. mercury bulb.
Range of scale From 0 to 100 From 35 to 42
Constriction Absent Present.
Used liquid Mercury Mercury.

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 Science 6th primary 1st term unit 2 lesson 2

Usage To measure liquids To measure human

temperature body temperature.

Glossary
Measuring ‫قياس‬ Medicine ‫طب‬
Skills ‫مهارات‬ Accurately ‫الدقة‬
Ethyl alcohol ‫كحول ايثيلي‬ Crack ‫شق‬
Straw ‫ماصه‬ Contract ‫ينكمش‬
Expand ‫يتمدد‬ Capillary tube ‫انبوبه شعريه‬
Volume ‫حجم‬ Bulb ‫مستودع‬
Celsius ‫مئوي‬ Constriction ‫اختناق‬
Sterilize ‫يعقم‬ Scale ‫تدريج‬
Shake ‫يهز‬ Seize ‫يضغط‬
Sight ‫النظر‬ Firmly ‫بشده‬
Toxic ‫سام‬ Vertical ‫رأسي‬
Perpendicular ‫عمودي‬ Humanity ‫االنسانيه‬
Boiling point ‫درجة الغليان‬ Swedish ‫سويدي‬
Melting point ‫درجة الذوبان‬ created ‫صمم‬

Questions on lesson
Choose the correct answer:
1 - ………………. Is used to indicate the temperature of weather accurately.
a. sense of touch b. electric heater c.thermometer d. barometer

2 – the main idea of making thermometer is the ………………

a. expansion of liquids by heating
b. contraction of liquids by cooling
c. expansion of solids by heating.

3 - ………………… is used to measure the body temperature.

a. Celsius thermometer. B. medical thermometer
c. thermostat d. (a) and (b)

4 – the medical thermometer is characterized than the Celsius thermometer by the

presence of a ………………
a. mercury bulb. B. constriction c. capillary tube. D. scale.

5 – the bulb of the medical thermometer is filled with ………………….

a. alcohol. B. water. C. mercury d.air

6 – the temperature of liquids is measured by using ………………..

a. Celsius thermometer b. medical thermometer . c. thermostat d.( a and b )

7 – we should sterilize the medical thermometer by using ……………..

a. ethyl alcohol. B. boiling water. C. mercury. D. water.

8 – before using medical thermometer , we should shake it to ……………

a. sterilize it. B. force the mercury back into the bulb.
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 Science 6th primary 1st term unit 2 lesson 2

c. clean it form dust. D. move the mercury to the top of the thermometer.

9 – we prefer mercury in making thermometers because…………………

a. it can be seen easily
b. it is a good conductor of heat.
c.it doesn't stick to the walls of the capillary tube.
d.all the pervious answers.

10 – the scale of the medical thermometer ranges between………….

a. 37 to 42 b. 35 to 40 c. 35 to 42 d. 30 to 50

complete the following statements;

1- …………………….…… thermometer is used to measure the body
………………………………
2- The medical thermometer is characterized by the presence of a ………………..
…….. Above the mercury bulb.
3- There is no constriction in the …………………….………. Thermometer.
4- Each degree in the medical thermometer is divided into ………………………..
………. Parts, so each part equals ……………………………. Degree.
5- The graduation of Celsius thermometer starts from ………………….…… to
……………………………..
6- We use ………………….…….. to sterilize the ……………….………….. thermometer.
7- Mercury is a …………………….…….. metal that can be …………………..………..
easily through the thermometer glass tube.
8- Mercury is a ……………………………………… conductor of heat.

Write scientific term :

1 – the liquid that used in sterilizing medical thermometer?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
2 – device used to measure body temperature?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
3 – Thermometer whose scale ranges from 35 to 42 ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………….....
4 – the melting point of ice?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..

Give reasons for :

1 – doctors use thermometer in hospitals?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
2 – we must shake medical thermometer well before using?

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 Science 6th primary 1st term unit 2 lesson 2

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
3 – thermometer must kept out the reach of children?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..
4 – mercury is suitable liquid to be used in making thermometers?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………….

My
wishes,

8 Ms Marim