The Pharma Innovation Journal 2022; 11(5): 325-327

ISSN (E): 2277-7695

ISSN (P): 2349-8242
NAAS Rating: 5.23 Effect of different sowing methods on wheat (Triticum
TPI 2022; 11(5): 325-327
© 2022 TPI aestivum L.) cultivars on growth and yield attributing
www.thepharmajournal.com
Received: 19-03-2022 characters
Accepted: 30-04-2022

Gundaboina Santhosh Gundaboina Santhosh and Biswarup Mehera

M.Sc. Scholar, Department of
Agronomy, Naini Agricultural
institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj Abstract
Uttar Pradesh, India A field experiment was conducted to determine the Effect of different sowing methods on wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars on growth and yield during the winter season (Rabi) of 2021 with 9
Biswarup Mehera treatments (viz. Methods of sowing and cultivars at spacing of Line sowing 22.5 × 8_10 cm and SWI 20
Associate Professor, Department × 20 cm respectively and Varieties are HD2967, HD 3086 and DBW 187 respectively) at Crop Research
of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, SHUATS, Prayagraj (Allahabad). Among the
institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj treatments T9 (SWI + DBW 187) recorded highest plant height (89.61 cm), Maximum number of
Uttar Pradesh, India
Tillers/hill (12.83) and Plant dry weight (25.47). While Maximum number of Effective Tillers/hill (9.47),
Length of the spike (12.13), maximum number of Grains/spike (55.94), Test weight (44.37), Grain yield
(6.24), Straw yield (14.38), and Biological yield (20.62) was recorded maximum in treatment T9 (SWI +
DBW 187).While Harvest index(%) (31.35) was recorded highest in treatment T7 (SWI + HD
2967).Maximum gross return(82935.00 ₹/ha), net return (56426.40 ₹/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.13) was
recorded highest in treatment T9 (SWI + DBW 187).

Keywords: Wheat, broadcasting, line sowing, SWI, growth, cultivars, yield, economics

Introduction
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the leading food crops of the world farming and
occupies significant position among the cultivated cereals. Cultivation of wheat has been the
symbolic of green revolution that played a vital role in making the nation a food surplus
nation. Wheat is a member of the poaceae family with chromosome number 42 and a self -
pollinated crop. Wheat ranks first among the world food crops, in terms of cultivated area
(31.6 m ha), production (778.6 m t) and with productivity of (3500 kg/ha). It can be grown
from below sea level to 5000 m altitude and in areas where rainfall ranges between300 - 1130
mm. Wheat contributes more calories (20%) and more protein to the world's diet than any
other food crop. The availability of wheat has increased from about 79 g/capita/day to more
than 185 g/capita/day despite the doubling of the population since 1961 (Bhardwaj et al.,
2010). SWI and some modified SWI intervention may give 54% more yield than the available
best practices (Uphoff et al., 2011). This is a system of modified agronomic practices such as
low seed rate, seed treatment, sowing of seeds at proper spacing, control of water in the crop
field, weeding or hoeing out puts which results in higher ratio of tillers to the mother
seedlings, increased number of effective tillers per plant, enhance panicle length and bolden
grains and finally enhanced yield of wheat. In the conventional system farmersuse about 100-
140 kg/ha of seed, but in the SWI method seed requirement is only 5%-7.5%of this amount
(Styger and Ibrahim 2009) [7]. DBW 187 is the latest wheat variety released for irrigated
conditions. It matures in 115–120 days after sowing, the average height is about 105 cm.
Moderately resistant for to yellow and brown rust, and tolerance loose smut. Its average yield
is 24.0 quintals per acre.

Materials and Methods

The experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22. The experiment was conducted
in Randomized Block Design consisting of nine treatment combinations with three replications
Corresponding Author:
Gundaboina Santhosh
and was laid out with the different treatments allocated randomly in each replication. The soil
M.Sc. Scholar, Department of of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline reaction (pH 7.2) with
Agronomy, Naini Agricultural low in organic carbon (0.58%), available N (238 Kg/ha), P (32.10 kg/ha) and higher level of K
institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (189 kg/ha). The treatment combinations consisted of three sowing methods include
Uttar Pradesh, India
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Broadcasting, Line sowing (22.5-10 cm) and SWI (20x20 cm) influenced by SWI of wheat cultivar DBW 187 at harvest. At
and 3 wheat cultivars are HD 2967, HD 3086 and DBW 187. harvest (9.47), recorded highest T9(SWI+DWI 187) the
There are 9 treatments in each replicated thrice. The treatment effective tillers per unit area reduced with increasing spacing
combinations are T1- Broadcasting + HD 2967, T2- which was due to the degrees in number of planting hills per
Broadcasting + HD 3086, T3-Broadcasting + DBW 187, T4- unit area (Zheng et al., 2013) [12] the data of length of
Line sowing + HD 2967, T5-Line sowing + HD 3086, T6- spike(cm) was significantly influenced by system of wheat
Line sowing + DBW 187, T7-SWI + HD 2967, T8 + HD intensification at harvest the data recorded (12.13 cm)
3086, T9-SWI + DBW 187. The experiment was laid out in significantly higher in T9 (SWI+DW 187). The length of
Randomized Block Design. It was sown on 5th December spikes significantly increased with increasing spacings. Wider
2021.Recommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and spaced plant performed better than closer spaced plant due to
potassium were applied. adequate availability of nutrient, water, space and light
interception that contribute better development of plant
Results and Discussion growth and yield attributing characters this was in
Growth attributes confirmative with findings of (Thakur et al., 2010) [9] and
At 80 DAS, maximum plant height (84.21cm) was recorded (Zheng et al., 2013) [12]. The test was also recorded highest
highest in T9(SWI + DBW 187). There was proper root (44.37) in treatment T9 (SWI + DBW 187). The data of Grain
development from an early stage of crop growth which Yield (t/ha) was significantly influenced by system of wheat
significantly increases plant height (Abraham et al., 2014) [1]. intensification at harvest. At harvest the data recorded (6.24t)
Number of tillers /hill (12.11) was highest in T9 (SWI + significantly higher in T9 [SWI + DBW 187]. Grain yield in
DBW 187). Total Number of tillers/hills was higher at 80 crop is the results of a number of complex morphological and
days after sowing and then declined afterwards tillharvest. physiological processes affecting each other and occurring at
The reduction in tillers after 80 DAS was due to intra species different growth stages during vegetative period. Significantly
competition for higher space and nutrients which are higher grain and straw yield of wheat was found with the
responsible for degeneration of late formed tillers. System of recommended (20 × 20 cm) spacing and significantly lower
wheat intensification had higher tiller numbers as under wider grain and straw yield was found with Broadcasting method
spacing each individual plant could have effectively utilized (22.5cm). Recommended spacing had higher plant population
the available resources such as space, foraging area for root per unit area. The higher population helps to get more No. of
system, better root spread, more light interception etc., which grains per spike, Number of spikes and Length of spikes
resulted in enhanced tiller production as compared to (cm) which resulted in higher grain yield of wheat.
conventional system of cultivation (Thakur et al., 2010) [9]. (Hussain et al., 2012) [2]. The data of Straw yield (t/ha)
Dry matter (17.50) was also recorded in T9 (SWI + DBW was significantly influenced by system of wheat
187).
intensification at harvest. At harvest the data recorded
Yield attributes (14.38t) significantly higher in T9 [SWI + DBW 187].
Yield attributes and yield were significantly affected by Straw yield was significantly increased with increasing
System of Wheat intensification, wheat crop sown at 20x20 plant (row spacing) spacings. Highest straw yield was
cm along with wheat cultivar DBW 187 resulted significant recorded with SWI DBW 187 (14.38t/ha), however,
increase in number of grains (55.94). Wider spacings straw yield decreased when plant spacing increased
facilitated better utilization of resources for plant under SWI more than 20cm in SWI. This was mainly due to the
techniques. Wider spacings reduced competition between decrease in number of plant population and decrease in
plants per water, nutrients, light and space that lead better tillers number per meter square. This was in conformity
growth of plant. This was in confirmative with the finding with the finding of (Zheng et al., 2013) [12]. The
Hussain et al., (2012) [2].
biological yield (20.62)(grain yield + straw yield) is
Length of ear head, number of grains ear head, grain yield in
recorded in T9 (SWI + DBW 187).The harvest index was
individual hills than in closely spaced plants. This was in
recorded (31.35) in treatment T7 (SWI + HD 2967).
confirmative with the findings of bracket (Thakur et al. 2010)
[9]
. the number of effective tillers per hill was significantly

Table 1: Effect of different sowing methods on wheat cultivars on growth attributing characters
Treatment combinations Plant height(cm) No. of tillers/hill Plant dry weight(gm)
Broadcasting + HD2967 81.5 10.14 15.4
Broadcasting + HD 3086 81.85 10.37 15.58
Broadcasting + DBW187 82.83 10.94 16.23
Line sowing + HD 2967 82.38 10.62 15.95
Line sowing + HD 3086 83.47 11.5 16.84
Lines owing + DBW 187 83.68 11.69 17.08
SWI + HD2967 83 11.21 16.62
SWI + HD3086 84.03 11.93 17.33
SWI + DBW187 84.21 12.11 17.5
F test S S S
S.Em(±) 0.12 0.06 0.06
CD (P=0.05) 0.35 0.19 0.19

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Table 2: Effect of different sowing methods on wheat cultivars on yield attributing characters
Yield attributing characters
No. of Effective
Length of No. of Test Grain Straw Biological Harvest
Treatment combinations tillers/hill Length
spike(cm) Grains/spike weight(g) yield(t/ha) yield(t/ha) yield(t/ha) Index (%)
of spikelet
1 Broadcasting + HD2967 6.28 8.54 47.12 37.49 3.32 8.39 11.71 28.33
2 Broadcasting + HD 3086 6.6 9.06 47.74 37.96 3.58 8.82 12.4 28.85
3 Broadcasting + DBW187 7.46 10.03 50.05 39.34 4.26 10.01 14.27 29.86
4 Line sowing + HD 2967 7.03 9.62 49.09 38.56 3.92 9.22 13.15 29.83
5 Line sowing + HD 3086 8.3 10.81 53.13 42.65 5.18 12.33 17.51 29.57
6 Lines owing + DBW 187 8.88 11.15 54.65 43.26 5.68 13.58 19.26 29.5
7 SWI + HD2967 7.99 10.45 52.3 41.32 4.77 10.43 15.19 31.35
8 SWI + HD3086 9.15 11.84 55.09 43.91 5.96 13.97 19.93 29.9
9 SWI + DBW187 9.47 12.13 55.94 44.37 6.24 14.38 20.62 30.22
F test S S S S S S S NS
S.Em(±) 0.2 0.33 0.5 0.38 0.19 0.39 0.58 0.6
CD (P=0.05) 0.59 0.98 1.5 1.13 0.57 1.17 1.72 1.79

Conclusion Sciences. 2013;9(1):305-308.

In conclusion, it is inferred from the present investigation that 9. Thakur Singh, Dhaliwal GS, Singh T. Performance of
sowing of wheat crop in System of wheat intensification wheat varieties under late sowing conditions in
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