POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS I (EEE471)

Transmission Lines Parameters:

Resistance and Inductance

Prof. Dr. Saffet AYASUN

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Gazi University
 Transmission Line Parameters

 An electric transmission line has four parameters which

affect its ability to fulfill its function as part of a power
system : resistance, inductance, capacitance, and
conductance.

9.10.2022 Prof. Dr. Saffet Ayasun 2

Classification of Overhead Transmission Lines
 A transmission line has three constants R, L and C
distributed uniformly along the whole length of the line.
 The resistance and inductance form the series impedance.
 The capacitance existing between conductors for 1-phase
line or from a conductor to neutral for a 3-phase line forms
a shunt path throughout the length of the line.
 Short transmission lines: When the length of an overhead transmission line is upto
about 50 km and the line voltage is comparatively low (< 20 kV), it is usually
considered as a short transmission line. Due to smaller length and lower voltage, the
capacitance effects are small and hence can be neglected. Therefore, while studying
the performance of a short transmisison line, only resistance and inductance of the
line are taken into account.

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Classification of Overhead Transmission Lines
 Medium transmission lines: When the length of an
overhead transmission line is about 50- 150 km and the line
voltage is moderatly high (>20 kV < 100 kV), it is
considered as a medium transmission line. Due to sufficient
length and voltage of the line, the capacitance effects are
taken into account. For purposes of calculations, the
distributed capacitance of the line is divided and lumped in
the form of condensers shunted across the line at one or
more points.

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Classification of Overhead Transmission Lines
 Long transmission lines: When the length of an overhead
transmission line is more than 150 km and line voltage is
very high (> 100 kV), it is considered as a long transmission
line. For the treatment of such a line, the line constants are
considered uniformly distributed over the whole length of
the line and rigorous methods are employed for solution.

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 Why Need to Know Parameters

 While studying the performance of a transmission line, it

is desirable to determine its voltage regulation and
transmission efficiency.
 Voltage regulation.

 Transmission efficiency

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 TYPES O F CONDUCTORS
 In the early days of the transmission of electric power conductors were
usually copper, but aluminum conductors have completely replaced
copper because of the much lower cost and lighter weight of an
aluminum conductor compared with a copper conductor of the same
resistance.
 Copper conductors

 AAC: all aluminum conductors

 AAAC: all aluminum-alloy conductors

 ACSR : aluminum conductor, steel reinforced

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 Copper Conductors

 Copper conductors are used in power generation, power

transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics
circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment.
 Copper has higher tensile strength (200-250 N/mm2 annealed)
compared to aluminium.
 Copper resists corrosion from moisture, humidity, industrial pollution,
and other atmospheric influences.
 Copper is heavy and expensive

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 AAC: all aluminum conductors

 AAC conductor is also known as aluminium stranded conductor.

 It is manufactured from electrolytically refined aluminium, with a
minimum purity of 99.7%.
 AAC is used mainly in urban areas where the spacing is short and
the supports are close.
 All aluminium conductors are made up of one or more strands of
aluminium wire depending on the end usage.
 AAC is also used extensively in coastal regions because it has a
high degree of corrosion resistance.

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 AAAC: all aluminum-alloy conductors

 AAAC is used as a bare overhead conductor for power transmission

and distribution lines, on aerial circuits that require a larger
mechanical resistance than AAC, and a better corrosion resistance
than ACSR.
 The sag characteristics and the strength-to-weight ratio of AAAC is
better than AAC / ACSR.

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ACSR : Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
 ACSR conductor consists of a solid or stranded steel core
surrounded by strands of aluminium.

 ACSR conductor is available in a range of steel strengths varying

from 6% up to 40%.

 The higher strength ACSR conductors are used for river crossings,
overhead earth wires, and installations involving extra long spans.

 The principal advantage of these conductors are their high tensile

strength and light weight, covering longer spans with less supports.

 Due to the greater diameter of an ACSR conductor much higher

corona limit can be obtained, giving a big advantage on high and
extra high voltage overhead lines.

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Comparison of Copper and Aluminium Conductors
CONDITIONS COPPER AL
SAME CROSS- 1 1
SECTIONAL AREA
WEIGHT 1 0.3
CONSUCTIVITY 1 0.625
CURRENT CAPACITY 1 0.8
SAME CONDUCTIVITY 1 1
CROSS-SECTIONAL 1 1.6
AREA
DIAMETER 1 1.3
WEIGHT 1 0.49
SAME TEMPERATURE 1 1
INCREASE
CROSS-SECTIONAL 1 1.4
AREA
DIAMETER 1 1.17
9.10.2022 WEIGHT Prof. Dr. Saffet Ayasun 1 0.42 12
 Structure of Conductors
 Alternate layers of wire of a stranded conductor are spiraled
in opposite directions to prevent unwinding and to make the
outer radius of one layer coincide with the inner radius of
the next layer.
 Stranding provides flexibility for a large cross-sectional
area. The number of strands depends on the number of
Iayers and on whether all the strands are of the same
diameter.
 The total number of strands in concentrically stranded
cables, where the total annular space is filled with strands
of uniform diameter is 7, 19, 37, 61, 91, or more.

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 Structure of Conductors

 1+6=7 wires, single layer,

 1+6+12=19 wires, two layers,
 1+6+12+18=37 wires, three layers
 1+6+12+18+24=61 wires, four layers

 18 Al/7 St: 6+12=18 Al ve 1+6= 7 St,

 26 Al/7 St: 10+16=26 Al ve 1+6= 7 St,
 42 Al/7 St: 8+14+20=42 Al ve 1+6= 7 St,
 54 Al/19 St: 12+18+24=54 Al ve 1+6+12= 19 St

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 Pictures of Conductors

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 ACSR-DATA

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 ACSR
KESİT Tel Çapları ve Sayıları Anma Çapı Akım Taşıma
TS
Kanada Alüminyum Çelik Anma 20oC’de Kapasitesi
Anma Toplam Eşdeğe Anma Birim
Standartı Anma AWG veya Çelik İletken Kopma DC A
Adı Al St İletken r Bakır Ağırlığı
Adı CM Çap mm mm Yükü Direnci
Al/St Kesiti Adet Adet Çap mm Kesiti kg/km (1) (2)
mm kgf Ω /km
SWALLOW 27/4 3 26,69 4,45 31,14 6 2,38 1 2,38 16,78 2,38 7,14 1038 1,0742 107,8 120 160
SPARROW 34/6 2 33,59 5,60 39,19 6 2,67 1 2,67 21,09 2,67 8,01 1290 0,8543 135,7 140 180
ROBIONE 45/7 88,220 44,70 7,45 52,15 6 3,08 1 3,08 28,11 3,08 9,24 1650 0,6410 179,3 175 200
RAVEN 54/9 1/0 53/52 8,92 62,44 6 3,37 1 3,37 33,73 3,37 10,11 1969 0,5362 216,2 195 230
PIGEON 85/14 3/0 85/13 14,18 99,30 6 4,25 1 4,25 53,52 4,25 12,75 2995 0,3366 343,9 275 300
PARTRIDGE 135/22 266,800 135,18 21,99 156,86 26 2,57 7 2,00 85,17 6,00 16,28 5113 0,2140 543,8 345 460
OSTRICH 152/25 300,000 152,19 24,71 176,90 26 2,73 7 2,12 95,6 6,36 17,28 5755 0,1897 612,9 410 490
HAWK 242/39 477,000 241,69 39,19 280,84 26 3,44 7 2,67 152,0 8,01 21,77 8792 0,1194 972,8 540 670
DRAKE 403/65 795,000 402,56 65,44 468,00 26 4,44 7 3,45 253,3 10,35 28,11 14222 0,0715 1621,5 760 900
CONDOR 402/52 795,000 402,33 53,15 454,48 54 3,08 7 3,08 253,3 9,24 27,72 13003 0,0718 1519,7 760 900
RAIL 483/34 954,000 483,4 33,6 517,00 45 3,70 7 2,47 300,0 7,40 29,60 11864 0,0599 1600,2 860 1010
CARDINAL 485/63 954,000 484,53 62,81 547,34 54 3,38 7 3,38 304,0 10,14 30,42 15241 0,0597 1829,8 860 1010
PHEASANT 645/82 1,272,000 645,08 81,71 726,79 54 3,90 19 2,34 405,7 11,70 35,10 19676 0,0499 2423,5 1000 1160

SWALLOW (Kırlangıç) HAWK (Şahin)

SPARROW (Serçe) DRAKE (Erkek Ördek)
ROBINONE (Ardıç kuşu) CONDOR (Akbaba)
RAVEN (Kuzgun) RAIL (Yelve kuşu)
PIGEON (Güvercin) CARDINAL (Saka Kuşu)
PARTRIDGE (Keklik) PHEASANT (Sülün)
OSTRICH (Devekuşu)

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 American Wire Gauge
 American Wire Gauge, AWG is used to describe the diameters and
thus, cross-sectional area conductors.
 For example, in our country 3AWG; 1/0AWG; 3/0AWG; 266 MCM
and 477 MCM St-Al conductors are used in transmission lines.
 Each symbol used has special meaning.
 In AWG the numbers such as 0000, 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, …, 40 are
inserted in front of AWG
 Each number corresponds a conductor with a specific diameter and
cross-sectional area.For example, in St-Al conductors
 3 AWG = 3 AWG Swallow
 0 AWG = 1/0 AWG Raven
 000 AWG = 3/0 AWG Pigeon
 For condustors having a larger size, a measure called "Circular MIL
area" is often used instead; one circular mil is the area of a circle
with a diameter of one mil (1/1000 inch), which is equal to
0,0005067 mm2
 1 MCM = 1000 CM = 0,5067 mm2.
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 Conversion Table-EMO
AMERİKAN STANDARDI METRİK SİSTEM
AWG Ölçüleri mm2 mm mm2
1300 MCM 659,00 28,97 625

266,8 MCM Patridge conductor:

1000 MCM 506,71 25,40 500
800 MCM 405,35 22,72

Al cross-sectional area is
700 MCM 354,71 21,25
600 MCM 304,00 19,67 300
500 MCM
400 MCM
253,35
202,71
17,96
16,06
240
(266,8 )(0,5067)=135,18 mm2 (135 mm2 )
350 MCM
300 MCM
177,00
154,00
15,01
14,00
185
150 St cross-sectional area 21,99 mm2 (22 )
250 MCM
4/0
126,64
107,2
12,70
11,68
120
95 Standard Name: Al/St = 135/22
3/0 85,03 10,04
2/0 67,43 9,26 70
1/0 53,48 8,25 50
1 42,41 7,34
2 33,63 6,55 35
3 26,67 5,83
4 21,15 5,19 25
5 16,77 4,60
6 13,3 4,11 16
7 10,55 3,67
8 8,37 3,26 10
9 6,63 2,91
10 5,26 2,59 6
11 4,17 2,31
12 3,31 2,05 4
13 2,62 1,83 2,5
14 2,08 1,63
15 1,65 1,45
16 1,31 1,29 1,5
17 1,03 1,15 1,0
18 0,823 1,00 0,75
19 0,653 0,91
20 0,51 0,81 0,50
21 0,41 0,72
22 0,32 0,64 0,40
23 0,25 0,57
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 AAC

Tel Çapları ve
Sayıları
İletken Anma
Toplam Eşdeğer Kopma 20oC’ta DC
İletkenin Anma Birim Akım Taşıma
Kesit Bakır Kesiti Yükü Direnci
Anma Adı Çapı Ağırlığı Kapasitesi (A)
( mm2) Çap ( mm2) (kg) (Ω/km)
Adet (mm) (kg/km)
(mm)

ROSE 21,14 7 1,96 5,88 13,30 403 1,354 58 110

LILY 26,66 7 2,20 6,61 16,78 495 1,074 73 125
PANSY 42,37 7 2,78 8,33 26,57 725 0,6752 116 165
POPPY 53,49 7 3,12 9,36 33,73 888 0,5351 146 193
ASTER 67,45 7 3,50 10,51 42,32 1115 0,4245 184 225
PHLOX 84,99 7 3,93 11,80 53,52 1369 0,3366 232 262
OXLIP 107,3 7 4,42 13,25 67,50 1732 0,2671 294 306

Rose: Gül
Lily: Zambak
Pansy: Hercaimenekşe
Poppy: Gelincik
Aster: Yıldız Çiçeği
Phlox: Alev Çiçeği
Oxlip: Çuha Çiçeği
9.10.2022 Prof. Dr. Saffet Ayasun 20
 Conductors used in Turkey
 In medium voltage transmission and distribution systems mainly
SWALLOW, RAVEN and PIGEON are used.

 In 154 KV transmission lines

 281mm2 477MCM Hawk
 468 mm2 795 MCM Drake,
 546 mm2 954 MCM Cardinal
 726 mm2 1272 MCM Pheasant
 In order to increase line power capacity 2B (bundled) cardinal ACSR
is used for short transmission lines
 In 380 KV transmission lines,
 2B Cardinal (546 mm2 ) and 2B Rail

 3B Cardinal and 3B Pheasant (726 mm2 )

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 Conductors used in Turkey for 380 kV

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 Conductors used in Turkey for 154 kV

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 Bundled Conductors

 Bundle conductors is made up of several ACSR conductor cables

connected by non-conducting spacers.
 Conductor bundling supports the system in minimizing losses due to
corona effect and audible noise.
 In a 154 or 220 kV transmission lines, two-conductor bundles are
usually used, while in a 380 kV lines usually three or even four.

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 Bundled Conductors

 Bundle conductors are used to increase the amount of current that

may be carried in a line.
 Due to the skin effect, ampacity of conductors is not proportional to
cross section, for the larger sizes. Therefore, bundle conductors
may carry more current for a given weight
 A bundle conductor results in lower reactance, compared to a single
conductor. It reduces corona discharge loss at extra high voltage
(EHV) and interference with communication systems.

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 Transmission Line Parameters
 Resistance: It is the opposition of line conductors to
current flow. The resistance is distributed uniformly along
the whole length of the line. However, the performance of a
transmission line can be analyzed conveniently if
distributed resistance is considered as lumped.
 Inductance: When an alternating current flows through a
conductor, a changing flux is set up which links the
conductor. Due to these flux linkages, the conductor
possesses inductance.
 Capacitance. We know that any two conductors separated
by an insulating material constitute a capacitor. As any two
conductors of an overhead transmission line are separated
by air which acts as an insulation, therefore, capacitance
exists between any two overhead line conductors.
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 Transmission Line Parameters: Resistance
 The resistance of transmission-line conductors is the most important
cause of power loss in a transmission line

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 Resistivity of Various Materials

 Resistivity of annealed copper

mm 2
 (20 )  0.017241
0
m
 Commercial hard-drawn copper wire has 97.5% and aluminium has
61% of conductivity of standard annealed copper.
 Resistivity of commercial hard-drawn copper wire is

0.017241 mm 2
 (20 ) 
0
 0.017683
0.975 m
 Resistivity of aluminium used in St-Al conductors

0.017241 mm 2
 (20 ) 
0
 0.028264
0.61 m

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 Example 1
 Compute the resistance per km of a 152/25 mm2 Ostrich
St-Al conductors at 50 0C

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 Example 1: Solution

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 Review of Magnetics and Inductance

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 Review of Magnetics and Inductance

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 Inductance of a Single Conductor

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 Inductance of a Single Conductor

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 Internal Inductance

 The magnetic field intensity Hx, around a circle of radius x, is

constant and tangent to the circle. The Ampere's law relating Hx to
the current Ix is given by

 where lx is the current enclosed at radius x.

 Assume uniform current density throughout the conductor cross
section

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 Internal Inductance

 For a nonmagnetic conductor with constant permeability mo, the

magnetic flux density is given by

 mo = 4px10-7 H/m
 The differential flux dfx for a small region of thickness dx and one
meter length of the conductor.

 The flux links only the fraction of the conductor from the center to
radius x . Thus, on the assumption of uniform current density only
the fraction of the total current is linked by the flux

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 Internal Inductance

 The inductance due to the internal flux linkage is:

 Note that Lint is independent of the conductor radius r.

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 INDUCTANCE DUE TO EXTERNAL FLUX
LINKAGE

Hx external to the conductor at radius x > r

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 INDUCTANCE DUE TO EXTERNAL FLUX
LINKAGE
 Since the circle at radius x encloses the entire current,

 Since the entire current I is linked by the flux outside the conductor

 The external flux linkage between two points D1 and D2

 The inductance between two points external to a conductor

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 INDUCTANCE OF SINGLE-PHASE LINES
 Consider one meter length of a
single-phase line consisting of
two solid round conductors
 The two conductors are
separated by a distance D.
 Conductor 1 carries the phasor
current I1 referenced into the
page and conductor 2 carries
return current.

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 INDUCTANCE OF SINGLE-PHASE LINES
 Inductance of conductor 1 due to internal flux is given

 The flux beyond D links a net current of zero and does not
contribute to the net magnetic flux linkages in the circuit.

 The total inductance of conductor 1:

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 INDUCTANCE OF SINGLE-PHASE LINES

 The first term is only a function of the conductor radius.

 This term is considered as the inductance due to both the internal flux and that
external to conductor 1 to a radius of 1 m.
 The second term is dependent only upon conductor spacing. This term is
known as the inductance spacing factor

 is known mathematically as the self-geometric mean distance of a circle with

radius r and is abbreviated by GMR. The GMR is commonly referred to as
geometric mean radius and will be designated by Ds
 The inductance per phase in millihenries per kilometer is

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 FLUX LINKAGE IN TERMS OF
SELF- AND MUTUAL INDUCTANCES

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 GENERAL CASE
 The concept of self and mutual inductance can be extended to a
group of n conductors. Consider n conductors carrying phasor
currents I1, I2, . . . , In such that

 The flux linkages of conductor i

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 INDUCTANCE OF THREE-PHASE
TRANSMISSION LINES
SYMMETRICAL SPACING:
 Assuming balanced three-phase currents

 The total flux linkage of phase a conductor

 Because of symmetry, the three inductances are

identical.
9.10.2022 Prof. Dr. Saffet Ayasun 45
 INDUCTANCE OF THREE-PHASE
TRANSMISSION LINES
ASYMMETRICAL SPACING:
 Practical transmission lines cannot maintain symmetrical spacing of
conductors because of construction considerations.
 With asymmetrical spacing, even with balanced currents, the voltage
drop due to line inductance will be unbalanced.
 Consider one meter length of a three-phase line with three conductors,
each with radius r.

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 INDUCTANCE OF THREE-PHASE
TRANSMISSION LINES
ASYMMETRICAL SPACING

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 TRANSPOSE LINE

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 INDUCTANCE OF TRANSPOSED LINE
 Since in a transposed line each phase takes all three positions, the
inductance per phase can be obtained by finding the average value

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 Example 1
D12 = 10 m D23 = 10 m

a b c

D13 = 20 m

In a 50 Hz three-phase transposed line shown in Fig. 1 ACSR

1,272,000 CM, 54/19 Pheasant is used. The diameter of the
conductor is 3.51 cm. If the line length is 250 km, determine the
total inductance and inductive reactance per phase.

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 Example 1: Solution

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INDUCTANCE OF COMPOSITE CONDUCTORS

 a single phase line consisting of two composite conductors x and y .

 The current in x is I referenced into the page, and the return current in y is -I.
 Conductor x consists of n identical strands or subconductors, each with radius r x
 Conductor y consists of m identical strands or subconductors, each with radius r y
 The current is assumed to be equally divided among the subconductors.
 The current per strand is I/n in x and I/m in y.

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INDUCTANCE OF COMPOSITE CONDUCTORS
 The total flux linkage of conductor a

 The inductance of subconductor a is:

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INDUCTANCE OF COMPOSITE CONDUCTORS
 The inductance of subconductor n is:

 The average inductance of anyone subconductor in group x is:

 Since all the subconductors of conductor x are electrically parallel, the inductance
of x will be

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INDUCTANCE OF COMPOSITE CONDUCTORS
 The inductance of conductor x is:

 GMD is the mnth root of the product of the mnth distances between n strands of
conductor x and m strands of conductor y.
 GMRx is the n2 root of the product of n2 terms consisting of r' of every strand times
the distance from each strand to all other strands within group x.

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 EXAMPLE 2

 One circuit (conductor X) of a single-phase transmission

line is composed of three solid 0.5- cm radius wires. The
return circuit (conductor Y) is composed of two solid 2.5-
cm radius wires. The arrangement of conductors is
shown below. Find the inductance of the complete line in
millihenry per kilometer (20).

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 EXAMPLE 2-Solution

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 EXAMPLE 2-Solution

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 GMR OF BUNDLED CONDUCTORS

 two-subconductor bundle:

 three-subconductor bundle:

 Four-subconductor bundle:

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 EXAMPLE 3
D12 = 10 m D23 = 10 m

a b c

D13 = 20 m

D13 = 20 m
m
40
0.
=
d

D12 = 10 m D23 = 10 m

 In a 50 Hz three-phase transposed line shown in Fig. 1 ACSR 1,272,000

CM, 54/19 Pheasant is used. The diameter of the conductor is 3.51 cm. If
the line length is 250 km, determine the total inductance, capacitance,
inductive and capacitive reactances per phase.
 For single conductor case shown in Fig. 1 a) (10)
 For three-subconductor bundle case shown in Fig. 1 b) (10)
 What are the advantages of using bundled conductor in a transmission
line? (10)
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 EXAMPLE 3: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 3: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 3: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 4

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 EXAMPLE 4: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 4: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 5

For the three-phase transmission line shown above

 Determine the inductance and capacitance per phase per
kilometer (20).
 Find the radius of the equivalent single conductor line that would
have the same inductive reactance as the given line (10).

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 EXAMPLE 5: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 5: SOLUTION

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 INDUCTANCE OF THREE-PHASE
DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINES

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 INDUCTANCE OF THREE-PHASE
DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINES
 A three-phase double-circuit line
consists of two identical three-phase
circuits.
 The circuits are operated with a1-a2 ,
b1-b2, and c1 –c2 in parallel.
 Because of geometrical differences
between conductors, voltage drop
due to line inductance will be
unbalanced.
 To achieve balance, each phase
conductor must be transposed within
its group and with respect to the
parallel three-phase line.
 Consider a three-phase double-
circuit line with relative phase
positions a1b1c1- c2b2a2
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 INDUCTANCE OF THREE-PHASE
DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINES
 The method of GMD can be used to find the inductance per phase.
 To do this, we group identical phases together and use the following
formula to find the GMD between each phase group

 The equivalent GMD per phase is then

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 INDUCTANCE OF THREE-PHASE
DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINES
 Similarly, using the follwing formulas the GMR of each group could be
found.

 The equivalent geometric mean radius for calculating the per-phase

inductance to neutral is

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 EXAMPLE 6

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 EXAMPLE 6: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 6: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 6: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 7

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 EXAMPLE 7: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 7: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 7: SOLUTION

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 Homework 1

 A three-phase transposed line is composed one ACSR 159,000 CM,

54/19 Lapwing conductor per phase with flat horizontal spacing of 8 m
as shown in Figure 1. The geometric mean radius of each conductor is
1.515 cm.
 Determine the inductance and capacitance per phase per kilometer of
the line
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 Homework 2
Figure 1

Figure 2

A three-phase transposed line is composed of one ACSR 1,431,000 CM, 47/7 Bobolink
conductor per phase with flat horizontal spacing of 11 meters as shown in Figure 1. The
conductors have a diameter of 3.625 cm. The line is to be replaced by a three-conductor
bundle of ACSR 477,000 CM, 26/7 Hawk conductors having the same cross-sectional area of
aluminum as the single-conductor line. The conductors have a diameter of 2.1793 cm. The
new line will also have a flat horizontal configuration, but it is to be operated at a higher
voltage and therefore the phase spacing is increased to 14 m as measured from the center of
the bundles as shown in Figure 2. The spacing between the conductors in the bundle is 45 cm.
Determine
a. The percentage change in the inductance (10)
b. The percentage change in the capacitance
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 Homework 3
D = 14 m

a1 c2

D=8m

b2
b1 D = 22 m

D=8m
D = 16 m

a2
c1
d = 0.40 m

2. Find the inductance and capacitance per km and the total inductive and capacitive
reactance of the following 2-bundle double circuit transmission line. The diameter of
each conductor is 3.51 cm, the frequency is 50 Hz, and the line length is 400 km (35
pts).
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 Homework 4

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 Homework 5
D = 7.5 m
a1 c2

D=4m D=4m

D=9m
b1 b2

D=4m D=4m

c1 a2

Find inductance and capacitance per km of the following double-line circuit. The diameter of
each conductor 2.50 cm (30)

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