Calculus 1

MTH 101
Lecture # 16
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS & CHAIN RULE

Zertaisha Nasir
Mathematics Department,
COMSATS university Islamabad, Wah Campus.
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REVIEW OF LAST LECTURE:

• Techniques of differentiation
• Higher order derivatives
TOPICS TO BE COVERED:

• Derivatives of trigonometric functions.

• Chain Rule.
OBJECTIVES:

• To be able to find the derivatives of the trigonometric

functions.
• To be able to find derivative of complicated functions
using known derivatives of simpler functions.(Chain
rule)
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:

d d
1. sin x   cos x 4. csc x    csc x cot x
dx dx

𝑑 d
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 5. sec x   sec x tan x
𝑑𝑥 dx

d d
3. tan x   sec x
2
6. cot x    csc x
2

dx dx
 d
1. sin x   cos x
dx

Proof:
CHAIN RULE:

Alternatively
d
 f  g  x    f  g   x   f  g  x g  x 
dx

Derivative of outside Derivative of

function inside function
Example1:
dy
Find if y  cos( x ) 3

dx
Solution:
Let ux 3
Then y  cosu
dy dy du
 
dx du dx
And
du dy
dx
 3x 2
  sin u
du
dy dy du
 
dx du dx
 ( sin u)  (3x ) 2

 3x sin x 2 3
 Example 2:
d d
tan x  tan x  (2 tan x) tan x  2 tan x sec x
2 d 2 2

dx dx dx
Derivative of
outside function Derivative of
inside function

d
 x 1  x  1  x  1  x  1
d 1 d1 1
2 2 2 2 2
2

dx dx 2 dx
1 x
  2x 
2 x 1 2
x 1 2
 5
More examples 2) f (t ) 
7t  92
Solution
1) f ( x)  (3x  5x )
2 7
du
Let u  7t  9   7
Solution dt
 5u  2  dy  10u  3
du 5
2
Let u  3x  5 x   3  10 x y
dx u2 du
7 dy
Then y u   7u 6 dy dy du
du  
dy dy du dt du dt
 
dx du dx
 10u  3  7
dy
dy
 7u 6  (3  10 x) dx
dx
 70(7t  9)  3
dy
 7(3x  5 x 2 )6 (3  10 x) dt
Generalized derivative formulas

d du
 f (u )  f (u ) where u  g ( x)
dx dx
Some examples are:

d  r
u  ru r  1 du d
sin u   cos u du
dx  
 dx dx dx
d
cos u    sin u du d
tan u   sec 2 u du
dx dx dx dx
d du d du
cot u    csc u
2 sec u   sec u tan u
dx dx dx dx
d
csc u    csc u cot u du
dx dx
 Example 3:
d d
1. sin(2 x)  cos 2 x dx  2 x  2cos 2x
dx

d  1   d x  2x  3
 
1
2. 3

 
dx  x  2 x  3  dx
3

2 d 

   x 3  2 x  3  x 3  2 x  3
  dx  
   x  2 x  3 3x  2
2
3 2

3x  2 2


 x  2 x  3
2
3
 d y
2

Example 4: Find if y  sin(3x )

2

dx 2

Solution:
d d
dy d  6 x  cos  3x 2
  cos(3x ) 6 x 
2

 sin(3x ) 2
dx dx
dx dx

 6 x  sin(3x )  3x   6cos(3x )
d
 cos(3x ) 3x 2 2
 2
d 2 2

dx  dx 
 6 x cos(3x )
 6 x  6 x sin(3x )  6cos  3x
2
2 2

d y d
2

  6 x cos(3x ) 2

dx dx d y 2

 36 x sin  3x   6cos  3 x 

2
2 2 2

dx 2

d d
 6 x  cos  3x 2
  cos(3x ) 6 x  2

dx dx
 d y 2

Example 5: y  sin x cos x find .

dx 2

dy d
Solution:  sin x cos x
dx dx
d d
 sin x cos x  cos x sin x
dx dx
 sin x( sin x)  cos x(cos x)
  sin x  cos x
2 2

d y d
2
d
  sin x   cos x 
2 2

dx dx2
dx
 2 sin x cos x  2 sin x cos x
 4 sin x cos x
 𝑑
Example 6: Find 𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Solution: Taking 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
𝑥3 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 = 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 −1/2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 3
= . 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥
2 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1
= . 3𝑥 2 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
2 𝑢
3𝑥 2 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
=
2 𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥
 
Given that f ( x)  sin x tan x show that f    2
2
Example 7:
4
f ( x)  sin x tan x
2

f ( x)  sin x  tan x
2

 f (x)  sin 2 x sec 2 x  tan x 2(sin x)(cos x)

1 sin x  2(sin x)(cos x) 
 sin x
2
2   
cos x cos x  1 
 tan x  2 sin x
2 2

 2   2  
 f    tan    2 sin  
4 4 4
2
 1 
 1  2  2
 2
Example 8: Suppose x and y are both differentiable functions of t and
are related by the equation y = x2 + 3. Find dy/dt, given that dx/dt = 2
when x = 1

Solution: Given dx/dt = 2 when x = 1 To find dy/dt

y = x2 + 3
d d 2
[ y ]  [ x  3]
dt dt

dy dx
 2x
dt dt
dy dx
 2(1) 2 24
dt x 1 dt x 1
SUMMARY:
d d
1. sin x   cos x 4. csc x    csc x cot x
dx dx

𝑑 d
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 5. sec x   sec x tan x
𝑑𝑥 dx

d d
3. tan x   sec x
2
6. cot x    csc x
2

dx dx

d du
 f (u )  f (u ) where u  g ( x)
dx dx
Practice Exercise:

Derivatives of trigonometric functions:

 Calculus by Anton, Exercise: 2.5, question no. 1-29.

Chain Rule:
 Calculus by Anton, Exercise: 2.6, question no. 1-4,
7-58
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