DAY TWENTY FOUR

Cartesian System
of Rectangular
Coordinates
Learning & Revision for the Day

u Rectangular Coordinates u Area of a Triangle u Translation of Axes

u Distance Formula u Area of Some Geometric Figures u Slope of a Line
u Section Formulae u Coordinates of Different Points u Locus and its Equation
of a Triangle

Rectangular Coordinates
Let XOX ′ and YOY′ be two perpendicular axes in the Y
plane intersecting at O (as shown in the figure). Let P be P (x, y )
any point in the plane. Draw PM perpendicular to OX . y
The ordered pair ( x, y) is called the rectangular or X¢ x M X
O
cartesian coordinates of point P.

Distance Formula Y¢

Let P ( x1 , y1 ) and Q ( x2 , y2 ) be the two points.

Then, PQ = d = ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 or ( x1 − x2 )2 + ( y1 − y2 )2

Distance between the points (0, 0) and ( x, y) is x 2 + y2 .

Section Formulae
The coordinates of a point which divide the line segment joining two points P ( x1 , y1 ) and
Q ( x2 , y2 ) in the ratio m1 : m2 are
 m x + m2 x1 m1 y2 + m2 y1 
(i)  1 2 ,  [internal division]
 m1 + m2 m1 + m2 
 m x − m2 x1 m1 y2 − m2 y1 
(ii)  1 2 ,  [external division]
 m1 − m2 m1 − m2 
When m1 and m2 are of opposite signs, then division is external.
l
Mid-point of the line joining ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 ) is (iii) A triangle having vertices (at 12 , 2 at 1 ), (at 22 , 2 at 2 ) and
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2  (at 32 , 2 at 3 ), then area of triangle = a2 [(t 1 − t 2 )(t 2 − t 3 )(t 3 − t 1 )]
 , .
 2 2  (iv) Area of triangle formed by coordinate axes and the lines
c2
l
Coordinates of any point on one line segment which divide ax + by + c is = .
the line segment joining two points P ( x1 , y1 ) and Q ( x2 , y2 ) 2 ab
in the ratio λ : 1 are given by
 x1 + λ x2 y1 + λ y2 
Coordinates of Different
 ,  , (λ ≠ − 1) Points of a Triangle
 λ+1 λ+1 
X -axis and Y-axis divide the line segment joining the points
1. Centroid
l

y x
( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 ) in the ratio of − 1 and − 1 respectively.
y2 x2 The centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of its
If the ratio is positive, then the axis divides it internally and if medians. It divides the medians in the ratio 2 : 1. If A( x1 , y1 ),
ratio is negative, then the axis divides externally. B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) are the vertices of ∆ABC, then the
 x + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 
coordinates of its centroid G are  1 , 
 3 3 
Area of a Triangle
Area of a triangle whose three vertices has coordinates 2. Orthocentre
( x1 , y1 ), ( x2 , y2 ) and ( x3 , y3 ) as shown in the figure below is
The orthocentre of a triangle is the point of intersection of its
given by
altitudes. If A ( x1 , y1 ), B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) are the vertices of a
A (x1, y1)
∆ABC, then the coordinates of its orthocentre O are
 x1 tan A + x2 tan B + x3 tan C y1 tan A + y2 tan B + y3 tan C 
 , 
 tan A + tan B + tan C tan A + tan B + tan C 

3. Circumcentre
B (x2, y2) C (x3, y3) The circumcentre of a triangle is the point of intersection of
the perpendicular bisectors of its sides. It is the centre of the
1 ( x1 y2 + x2 y3 + x3 y1 ) circle passing through the vertices of a triangle and so it is
Area of a ∆ABC =
2 − ( y1 x2 + y2 x3 + y3 x1 ) equidistant from the vertices of the triangle.
x1 y1 1 Here, OA = OB = OC, where O is the centre of circle and A, B
1 1 and C are the vertices of a triangle. The coordinates of the
= | x1 ( y2 − y3 ) + x2 ( y3 − y1 ) + x3 ( y1 − y2 )| = | x2 y2 1|
2 2 circumcentre are also given by
x3 y3 1
 x sin 2 A + x2 sin 2 B + x3 sin 2C
S  1 ,
It should be noted that area is a positive quantity and its unit  sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2C
is square of unit of length.
y1 sin 2 A + y2 sin 2 B + y3 sin 2C 
In the inverse problems, i.e. when area of a triangle is given to 
sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2C 
be a square units, then we have
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1 Incentre
1 1
∆ABC = | x2 y2 1 | = a ⇒ | x2 y2 1 | = ± a The point of intersection of the internal bisectors of the angles
2 2
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1 of a triangle is called its incentre.
If A ( x1 , y1 ), B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) are the vertices of a ∆ABC
NOTE If area of ∆ABC is zero. It mean points are collinear. such that BC = a, CA = b and AB = c, then the coordinates of
 ax + bx2 + cx3 ay1 + by2 + cy3 
the incentre are I  1 , .
 a+b +c a+b +c 
Area of Some Geometrical Figures
(i) Suppose a and b are the adjacent sides of a parallelogram Excentre
and θ be the angle between them as shown in the figure
Coordinate of excentre opposite of ∠ A is given by
below, then area of parallelogram ABCD = ab sin θ.
 − ax1 + bx2 + cx3 − ay1 + by2 + cy3 
(ii) Area of convex quadrilateral with D a C I1 ≡  ,  and similarly for
 −a+b +c −a+b +c 
vertices ( x1 , y1 ),( x2 , y2 ), ( x3 , y3 ),( x 4 , y4 )
in that order is
b b excentres (I2 and I3 ) opposite to ∠B and ∠C are given by
θ  ax − bx2 + cx3 ay1 − by2 + cy3 
1 x1 − x3 y1 − y3 A a B I2 ≡  1 , 
.  a −b + c a −b + c 
2 x2 − x 4 y2 − y4
  ax + bx2 − cx3 ay1 + by2 − cy3  then the coordinates of P will be given by
and I3 ≡  1 , .
 a + b −c a + b −c  x = α + x′ cos φ − y′ sin φ
In an equilateral triangle, orthocentre, centroid, y = β + x′ sin φ + y′ cos φ
circumcentre, incentre, coincide.
Slope of a Line
Important Results
The tangent of the angle that a line makes with the positive
l
Circumcentre of the right angled ∆ABC, right angled at A is direction of the X -axis is called the slope or gradient of the
B+C
. line. The slope of a line is generally denoted by m.
2
Thus, m = tan θ.
l
Orthocentre of the right angled ∆ABC, right angled at A is
A.
Slope of a Line in Terms of
l
Orthocentre, centroid, circumcentre of a triangle are
collinear. Coordinates of any Two Points on it
l
Centroid divides the line joining the orthocentre and Let P( x1 , y1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 ) be two points on a line making an
circumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1. angle θ with the positive direction of X -axis. Then, its slope m
is given by
l
The circumcentre of right angled triangle is the mid-point
of the hypotenuse. y2 − y1 Difference of ordinates
m= =
l
A triangle is isosceles, if any two of its medians are equal. x2 − x1 Difference of abscissa

Translation of Axes Parallel and Perpendicular

1. To Alter the Origin of Coordinates Without Lines on the Coordinate Axes
A line parallel to X -axis makes an angle of 0° with X -axis.
Altering the Direction of the Axes Therefore, its slope is tan 0 ° = 0. A line parallel to Y-axis i.e.
Let origin O (0, 0) be shifted to a point (a, b ) by moving the X perpendicular to X -axis makes an angle of 90° with X -axis, so
and Y-axes parallel to themselves. If the coordinates of point π
its slope is tan = ∞. Also, the slope of a line equally inclined
P with reference to old axis are ( x1 , y1 ), then coordinates of 2
this point with respect to new axis will be ( x1 − a, y1 − b ). with axes is 1 or −1 as it makes an angle of 45° or 135° with
X -axis.
2. To Change the Direction of the Axes of
Coordinates without Changing Origin
Locus and its Equation
Let OX and OY be the old axes and OX ′ and OY′ be the
new axes obtained by rotating the old OX and OY It is the path or curve traced by a moving point satisfying the
through an angle θ, then the coordinates of P( x, y) with given condition.
respect to new coordinate axes will be given by
Equation to the Locus of a Point
x↓ y↓ The equation to the locus of a point is the algebraic relation
x′ → cos θ sin θ which is satisfied by the coordinates of every point on the locus
of the point.
y′ → − sin θ cos θ

(i) x and y are old coordinates, x ′, y′ are new coordinates. Steps to Find the Locus of a Point
(ii) The axes rotation in anti-clockwise is positive and The following steps are used to find the locus of a point
clockwise rotation of axes is negative.
Step I Assume the coordinates of the point say
(h, k ) whose locus is to be find.
3. To Change the Direction of the Axes of
Step II Write the given condition involving (h, k ).
Coordinates by Changing the Origin
Step III Eliminate the variable(s), if any.
If P( x, y) and the axes are shifted parallel to the original axis,
Step IV Replace h → x and k → y. The equation, so obtained is
so that new origin is (α , β) and then the axes are rotated about
the new origin (α , β) by angle φ in the anti-clockwise ( x′ , y′ ), the locus of the point which moves under some
definite conditions.
254 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN MATHEMATICS DAY TWENTY FOUR

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 Length of the median from B to AC where A( −1, 3), 10 Let O( 0, 0), P ( 3, 4) and Q ( 6, 0) be the vertices of the
B (1, − 1), c ( 5, 1) is ∆OPQ. The point R inside the ∆OPQ is such that ∆OPR,
(a) 18 (b) 10 (c) 2 3 (d) 4 ∆PQR and ∆OQR are of equal area. Then, R is equal to
(a)  , 3  (b)  3, 
4 2
2 Three points ( p + 1, 1), ( 2p + 1, 3) and ( 2p + 2, 2p ) are
3   3
collinear if p is equal to
(c)  3, 
4 4
(a) − 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0 (d)
 3 3
3 The point A divides the join of P ≡ ( −5,1) and Q ≡ ( 3, 5) in
11 The number of points having both coordinates as
the ratio k :1. The two values of k for which the area of
integers that lie in the interior of the triangle with vertices
∆ABC, where B ≡ (1, 5), C ≡ (7, − 2) is equal to 2 sq units
( 0, 0), ( 0, 41) and ( 41, 0) is j JEE Mains 2015
are
(a) 901 (b) 861 (c) 820 (d) 780
(a)  7,  (b)  7,  (c)  4 ,  (d)  7, 
30 31 31 31
 9  9  9  3 12 If (0, 0), (1,1) and (1,0) be the middle points of the sides
of a triangle, its incentre is
4 If ∆1 is the area of the triangle with vertices (0, 0),
(a) (2 + 2 , 2 + 2) (b) [(2 + 2 , − (2 + 2)]
(a tan α , b cot α ), (a sin α , b cos α ), ∆ 2 is the area of the
(c) (2 − 2 , 2 − 2) (d) [(2 − 2 , − (2 − 2)]
triangle with vertices (a, b ), (a sec2 α , b cosec 2α ),
(a + a sin2 α , b + b cos 2 α ) and ∆ 3 is the area of the 13 Vertices of a triangle are (1,2), (2,3) and (3,1) Its
triangle with vertices ( 0 , 0), (a tan α , − b cot α ), circumcentre is
(a sin α , b cos α ). Then, (a) (11/6, 13/6) (b) (11/6, 2)
(a) ∆1, ∆ 2 , ∆ 3 are in GP (b) ∆1, ∆ 2 , ∆ 3 are not in GP (c) (13/6, 11/6) (d) None of these
(c) Cannot be discussed (d) None of these 14 If a vertex of a triangle be (1,1) and the middle points of
5 If the area of the triangle formed by the points O( 0, 0), two sides through it be ( − 2, 3) and (5, 2), then the
x2 1 centroid of the triangle is
A(a , 0) and B( 0, a 6x
) is sq units, then x =
2a 5 (a) (3, 5/3) (b) (3, 5)
(a) 1, 5 (b) −1, 5 (c) 1, − 5 (d) −1, − 5 (c) (5/3, 3) (d) None of these

6 The value of k for which the distinct points (k , 2 − 2k ), 15 The centroid of the triangle is (3,3) and the orthocentre is
(1 − k , 2k ) and ( −4 − k ,6 − 2k ) are collinear is (are) ( −3, 5) then its circumcentre is
(a) −1or 1 / 2 (b) Only 1 / 2 (a) (0, 4) (b) (0, 8) (c) (6, 2) (d) (6, − 2)
(c) Only −1 (d) can not be found 16 Let the orthocentre and centroid of a triangle be A( −3, 5)
7 If the line 2x + y = k passes through the point which and B( 3, 3) respectively. If C is the circumcentre of this
divides the line segment joining the points (1, 1) and triangle, then the radius of the circle having line segment
(2, 4) in the ratio 3 : 2, then k is equal to AC as diameter, is j
JEE Mains 2018
29 11 5 3 5
(a) (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) (a) 10 (b) 2 10 (c) 3 (d)
5 5 2 2
8 A line L intersects the three sides BC, CA and AB of a 17 If G is the centroid of ∆ABC with vertices A(a, 0),
BP CQ AR ( AB 2 + BC 2 + CA 2 )
∆ABC at P , Q and R, respectively. Then, ⋅ ⋅ is B( −a, 0)and C(b, c ), then is equal to
PC QA RB (GA 2 + GB 2 + GC 2 )
equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) −1 (d) None of these 18 Let a, b, c and d be non-zero numbers. If the point of
intersection of the lines 4ax + 2ay + c = 0 and
9 If the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are
5bx + 2by + d = 0 lies in the fourth quadrant and is
integers, then the triangle cannot be
equidistant from the two axes, then j
JEE Mains 2014
(a) equilateral (b) isosceles
(a) 2bc − 3ad = 0 (b) 2bc + 3ad = 0
(c) scalene (d) None of these
(c) 2ad − 3bc = 0 (d) 3bc − 2ad = 0
19 The origin is shifted to (1,2). The equation a 
28 The coordinates of points A and B are (ak , 0) and  , 0 ,
y 2 − 8x − 4y + 12 = 0 changes to y 2 = 4ax , then a is k 
equal to where (k ≠ ±1) if p moves in such a way that PA = kPB,
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) −2 (d) −1 the locus of P is
20 If the axes are rotated through an angle of 60°, the (a) k 2 (x 2 + y 2 ) = a 2 (b) x 2 + y 2 = k 2 a 2
coordinates of a point in the new system are ( 2, − 3), (c) x 2 + y 2 + a 2 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 = a 2
then its original coordinates are 29 If A( −a, 0) and B(a, 0) are two fixed points, then the locus
5 2  5 2 of the point at which AB subtends a right angle is
(a)  , −  (b)  − , 
3 3   3 3  (a) x 2 + y 2 = 2a 2 (b) x 2 − y 2 = a 2
5 3  5 3 (c) x 2 + y 2 + a 2 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 = a 2
(c)  ,  (d)  − , − 
2 2   2 2  30 A point moves in such a way that the sum of its distances
from two fixed points (ae, 0) and ( −ae, 0) is 2a. Then the
21 By rotating the axes through 180°, the equation locus of the points is
x − 2y + 3 = 0 changes to x2 y2
(a) + 2 =1
(a) x + 2 y − 3 = 0 (b) x − 2 y + 3 = 0 a 2
a (1 − e 2 )
(c) x − 2 y − 3 = 0 (d) None of these x 2
y 2
(b) 2 − 2 =1
π a a (1 − e 2 )
22 Let 0 < α < be a fixed angle. If P = (cos θ, sin θ ) and
2 x 2
y 2
(c) 2 + =1
Q = {cos(α − θ ), sin(α − θ )}, then Q is obtained from P by a (1 − e 2 ) a 2
(a) clockwise rotation around the origin through angles α (d) None of the above
(b) anti-clockwise rotation around origin through angle α
(c) reflection in the line through the origin with slope tanα Directions (Q. Nos. 31-35) Each of these questions
(d) reflection in the line through the origin with slope tan α / 2 contains two statements : Statement I and Statement II. Each
23 The point ( 4 , 1) undergoes the following transformations of these questions also has four alternative choices, only one
(i) Reflection in the line x − y = 0 of which is the correct answer. You have to select one of the
(ii) Translation through a distance of 2 units along codes (a ), (b), (c) and (d ) given below.
positive direction of X-axis. (a) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is a
(iii) Projection on X-axis. correct explanation for Statement I
The coordinate of the point in its final position is (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is
(a) (3, 4) (b) (3, 0) (c) (1, 0) (d) (4, 3) not a correct explanation for Statement I
(c) Statement I is true; Statement II is false
24 If the points are A ( 0, 4) and B ( 0, − 4), then find the locus (d) Statement I is false; Statement II is true
of P ( x , y ) such that | AP − BP | = 6 .
(a) 9 x 2 − 7 y 2 + 63 = 0 (b) 9 x 2 + 7 y 2 − 63 = 0 31 Statement I If A ( 2a, 4 a ) and B ( 2a, 6 a ) are two vertices of
(c) 9 x 2 + 7 y 2 + 63 = 0 (d) None of these a equilateral ∆ABC and the vertex C is given by
( 2a + a 3, 5a ).
25 ABC is a variable triangle with the fixed vertex C(1, 2) and
Statement II An equilateral triangle all the coordinates of
A , B having the coordinates (cos t , sin t ), (sin t , − cos t )
three vertices can be rational.
respectively, where t is a parameter. The locus of the
centroid of the ∆ABC is 32 Statement I If the circumcentre of a triangle lies at the
(a) 3 (x 2 + y 2 ) − 2x − 4y − 1 = 0 origin and centroid is the middle point of the line joining
(b) 3 (x 2 + y 2 ) − 2x − 4y + 1 = 0 the points (2, 3) and (4, 7), then its orthocentre lies on the
(c) 3 (x 2 + y 2 ) + 2x + 4y − 1 = 0 line 5x − 3y = 0.
(d) 3 (x 2 + y 2 ) + 2x + 4y + 1 = 0 Statement II The circumcentre, centroid and the
26 If A ( 2,−3)and B( −2, 1) are two vertices of a triangle and orthocentre of a triangle lie on the same line.
third vertex moves on the line 2x + 3y = 9, then the locus
33 Statement I If the origin is shifted to the centroid of the
of the centroid of the triangle is
triangle with vertices (0, 0), (3, 3) and (3, 6) without
(a) 2 x − 3 y = 1 (b) x − y = 1 rotation of axes, then the vertices of the triangle in the
(c) 2 x + 3 y = 1 (d) 2 x + 3 y = 3
new system of coordinates are ( −2, 0), (1, 3) and (1, − 3).
27 Let A ( − 3, 2) and B( − 2, 1 ) be the vertices of a ∆ABC. If Statement II If the origin is shifted to the point ( 2, 3)
the centroid of this triangle lies on the line without rotation of the axes, then the coordinates of the
3x + 4y + 2 = 0, then the vertex C lies on the line point P (α − 1, α + 1) in the new system of coordinates are
j
JEE Mains 2013 (α − 3, α − 2).
(a) 4 x + 3 y + 5 = 0 (b) 3 x + 4 y + 3 = 0
(c) 4 x + 3 y + 3 = 0 (d) 3 x + 4 y + 5 = 0
34 Let the equation of the line ax + by + c = 0. The bisector of the acute angle between L 1 and L 2
Statement I If a, b and c are in AP, then ax + by + c = 0 intersects L 3 at R.
pass through a fixed point (1, − 2). Statement I The ratio PR : RQ equals 2 2 : 5.
Statement II Any family of lines always pass through a Statement II In any triangle, bisector of an angle divides
fixed point. the triangle into two similar triangles.
35 The lines L 1 : y − x = 0 and L 2 : 2x + y = 0 intersect the
line L 3 : y + 2 = 0 at P and Q, respectively.

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 2

PROGRESSIVE QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 If the coordinates of two points A and B are ( 3, 4) and 7 The orthocentre of the triangle whose vertices are
( 5, − 2), respectively. Then, the coordinates of any point P, {at1 t 2 , a (t1 + t 2 )}, {at 2 t 3 , a (t 2 + t 3 )}, {at 3 t1, a (t 3 + t1 )} is
if PA = PB and area of ∆PAB = 10 , are (a) {−a , a (t1 + t2 + t 3 + t1 + t 2 t 3 )}
(a) (7,5), (1, 0) (b) (7, 2), (1, 0) (b) {−a , a (t1 + t2 + t 3 + t1 t 2 t 3 )}
(c) (7, 2), (−1, 0), (d) None of these (c) {−a , a (t1 − t2 − t 3 − t1 t 2 t 3 )}
(d) {−a , a (t1 + t2 − t 3 − t1 t 2 t 3 )}
2 Lat A(a, b ) be a fixed point and O be the origin an
25
coordinates. If A1 is the mid-point at OA, A2 is the 8 ABC is an isosceles triangle of area sq unit if the
mid-point at AA1, A3 is the mid-point at AA2 and so on. 6
Then, the coordinates of An are coordinates of base are B(1, 3) and C( −2, 7), the
coordinates of A are
(a) (a (1 − 2 − n ), b (1 − 2 − n )) (b) (a (2 − n − 1), b (2 − n − 1))
(a) (1, 6),  − ,  (b)  − , 5  ,  4, 
(c) (a (1 − 2 − ( n − 1) ), b (1 − 2 − ( n − 1) )) (d) None of these 11 5 1 5
 6 6  2   6
3 The coordinates of points A, B, C are ( x1, y1 ), ( x 2 , y 2 ) and
(c)  , 6 ,  − , 4  (d)  5,  ,  , 4 
5 11 5 11
( x 3 , y 3 ) and point D divides AB in the ratio l : k . If P 6   6   6  6 
divides line DC in the ratio m : (k + l ), coordinates of P are
 kx + lx 2 + mx 3 ky1 + ly 2 + my 3  9 If A( 6, − 3), B( −3, 5), C( 4, − 2), P(α , β), then the ratio of the
(a)  1 ,  areas of the triangles PBC and ABC is
 k+l+m k+l+m 
(a) | α + β | (b) | α − β |
 lx1 + mx 2 + kx 3 ly1 + my 2 + ky 3 
(b)  ,  (c) | α + β + 2 | (d) | α + β − 2 |
 l+m+k l+m+k 
 mx1 + kx 2 + lx 3 my1 + ky 2 + ly 3 
10 If O be the origin and if P1( x1, y1 ) and P2 ( x 2 , y 2 ) be two
(c)  ,  points, then | OP1| ⋅ | OP2 | cos( ∠POP2 ) is equal to
 m+k+l m+K+l  1

(a) x1 y 2 + x 2 y1 (b) (x12 + y12 ) (x 22 + y 22 )

(d) None of the above
(c) (x1 − x 2 )2 + (y1 − y 2 )2 (d) x1 x 2 + y1 y 2
4 The locus of a point P which moves such that 2PA = 3 PB,
where A( 0, 0) and B( 4, − 3) are points, is 11 If points ( 0, 0), ( 2, 2 3 ) and (a, b ) are vertices of an
equilateral triangle, then (a, b ) is equal to
(a) 5 x 2
− 5y 2
− 72 x + 54 y + 225 = 0
(b) 5 x 2 + 5y 2 − 72 x + 54 y + 225 = 0 (a) (0, − 4) (b) (0, 4) (c) (4, 0) (d) (− 4, 0)
(c) 5 x 2 + 5y 2 + 72 x − 54 y + 225 = 0 12 If the equation of the locus of a point equidistant from the
(d) 5 x 2 + 5y 2 − 72 x − 54 y − 225 = 0 points (a1, b1 ) and (a 2 , b2 ) is (a1 − a 2 )x + (b1 − b2 )y + c = 0,
5 Two points P (a , 0) and Q ( −a , 0) are given, R is a variable then the value of c is
point on one side of the line PQ such that ∠RPQ − ∠RQP (a) a12 − a22 + b12 − b22 (b) a12 + b12 − a22 − b22
is 2α, then 1 1
(c) (a12 + a22 + b12 + b22 ) (d) (a22 + b22 − a12 − b12 )
(a) locus of R is x 2 − y 2 + 2 xy cot 2 α − a 2 = 0 2 2
(b) locus of R is x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy cotα − a 2 = 0
13 If ( 2, 1), ( 5, 2) and ( 3, 4) are vertices of a triangle, its
(c) locus of R is a hyperbola, if α = π/4
(d) locus of R is a circle, if α = π/4 circumcentre is
(a)  ,  (b)  , 
−1 13 9 13 9
6 If the axis be turned through an angle tan 2, then what
 2 2  4 4
does the equation 4xy − 3x 2 = a 2 become?  9 13 
(d)  , 
9 13
(c)  
(a) X 2 − 4Y 2 = a 2 (b) X 2 + 4Y 2 = a 2  4, 4  2 2 
(c) X 2 + 4Y 2 = − a 2 (d) None of these
 14 A point moves is such a way that the sum of squares of 15 The area of a triangle is 5 and its two vertices are A( 2, 1)
its distances from A( 2, 0) and B( − 2, 0) is always equal to and B( 3, − 2). The third vertex lies on y = x + 3. Then,
the square of the distance between A and B, then the third vertex is
(a)  ,  (b)  , 
locus of point P is 7 13 5 5
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 2 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 2 = 0 2 2   2 2
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 4 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − 4 = 0 (c)  − , − 
3 3
(d) (0, 0)
 2 2

ANSWERS

SESSION 1 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (d) 6 (c) 7 (c) 8 (c) 9 (a) 10 (c)
11 (d) 12 (c) 13 (c) 14 (c) 15 (c) 16 (c) 17 (c) 18 (c) 19 (b) 20 (c)
21 (c) 22 (d) 23 (b) 24 (a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (b) 28 (d) 29 (d) 30 (a)
31 (c) 32 (a) 33 (a) 34 (a) 35 (c)

SESSION 2 1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10 (d)
11 (c) 12 (d) 13 (b) 14 (d) 15 (a)

Hints and Explanations

SESSION 1 3 Coordinates of A, dividing the join of 0 0 1
1 Let BD be the median from B to AC, P ≡ (−5,1) and Q ≡ (3, 5) in the ratio k :1 4 We have, ∆ 1 = 1 a tan α b cot α 1
3 k − 5 5k + 1  2
where D is the mid-point of AC. are given by A  , .
asin α b cos α 1
 k+1 k+1
B (1, –1) 1
= ab|sin α − cos α|
Also, area of ∆ABC is given by 2
1 a b 1
∆ = Σ x1 ( y 2 − y 3 )
1
h 2 and ∆ 2 = asec2 α b cosec 2α 1
2
1
= |[ x1 ( y 2 − y 3 ) + x2 ( y 3 − y 1 ) a + asin2 α b + b cos 2 α 1
2
+ x3 ( y 1 − y 2 )]| On applying C1 → C1 − aC3 and
A (–1, 3) D (2, 2) C (5, 1)
1 3 k − 5 5k + 1  C2 → C2 − bC3 , we get

According to mid-point formula ⇒  (7) + 1  −2 − 
2 k + 1  k+1 0 0 1
coordinates of D are 1
 −1 + 5 3 + 1  ∆2 = ab tan2 α cot2 α 1
  = (2,2)  5k + 1 5  = 2 2
, + 7 −  sin2 α cos 2 α 1
 2 2   k+1 
∴ Length of median BD 1
1 3 k − 5  5 k + 1  = ab |sin2 α − cos 2 α|
⇒  (7) +  −2 −  2
= (2 − 1) + (2 + 1) = 1 + 9 = 10
2 2
2 k + 1  k+1
0 0 1
 5k + 1 
− 5  = ± 2
2 Condition of collinearity 1
+ 7 and ∆ 3 = a tan α − b cot α 1
p+1 1 1  k+1  2
asin α b cos α 1
∆ = 2p + 1 3 1 =0 ⇒ 14 k − 66 = 4 k + 4
⇒ 10 k = 70 ⇒ k = 7 1
2p + 2 2p 1 = ab |sin α + cos α|
or 14 k − 66 = −4 k − 4 2
⇒ ( p + 1)(3 − 2 p ) − 1(2 p + 1 − 2 p − 2) 1
⇒ 18 k = 62 So that, ∆ 1 ∆ 3 = ab∆ 2
+ 1(4 p2 + 2 p − 6 p − 6) = 0 2
k =  
31
⇒ − 2 p2 + p + 3 + 1 + 4 p2 − 4 p − 6 = 0 ⇒ Suppose, ∆ 1 , ∆ 2 and ∆ 3 are in GP.
 9
⇒ 2 p2 − 3 p − 2 = 0 1
Therefore, the values of k are Then, ∆ 1 ∆ 3 = ∆22 ⇒ ab∆ 2 = ∆22
⇒ 2p − 4p + p − 2 = 0
2
31 2
1 7 and . 1
∴ p = 2, − 9 ⇒ ∆ 2 = ab
2 2
 1 1 A Number of positive
⇒ ab(sin2 α − cos 2 α ) = ab (0,41)
2 2 integral solution of
⇒ sin2 α − cos 2 α = 1 R the equation
π x + y + k = 41 will
i.e. α = (2m + 1) , m ∈ I .
2 be number of
Q integral coordinates (0,0)
But for this value of α, the vertices of the P (41,0)
B in the bounded
given triangles are not defined. C region.
Hence, ∆ 1 , ∆ 2 and ∆ 3 cannot be in GP for Also, as P lies on L, we have ∴Total number of integral coordinates
any value of α.
λx + x2 
l  3  λy 3 + y 2  + n = 0 = 41 −1 C3 −1 = 40C2
 + m 
5 We have,  λ+1   λ+1  =
40!
= 780
1 lx + my 2 + n BP 2! 38!
area of ∆OAB = sq units ⇒ − 2 = =λ …(i)
2a5 lx3 + my 3 + n PC
1 1 12 If A( x1 , y 1 ), B( x2 , y 2 ), C ( x3 , y 3 ) be the
× ax × a6 x = a−5
2
⇒ Similarly, we obtain vertices of the triangle and if (0, 0), (1, 1)
2 2
CQ lx + my 3 + n and (1,0) are the middle points of
ax + 6 x = a−5 =− 3
2
⇒ …(ii) AB , BC and CA respectively, then
QA lx1 + my 1 + n
⇒ x2 + 6 x + 5 = 0 x1 + x2 = 0, x2 + x3 = 2, x3 + x1 = 2
⇒ x = −1, − 5 AR lx + my 1 + n
and =− 1 …(iii) y1 + y2 = 2 , y2 + y3 = 2 , y3 + y1 = 0
RB lx2 + my 2 + n
6 Points are collinear so So, A(0, 0), B (0, 2) and C(2, 0) are the
k 2 − 2k 1 On multiplying Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we vertices of the ∆ABC.
1− k 2k 1=0
get Now, a = BC = 2 2 , b = CA = 2,
BP CQ AR
−4 − k 6 − 2k 1 ⋅ ⋅ = −1 c = AB = 2
PC QA PB The coordinates (α,β) of the in-centre are
k 2 − 2k 1 given by
⇒ 1 − 2k 4k − 2 0 = 0
9 Let A = ( x1 , y 1 ), B = ( x2 , y 2 ), C = ( x3 , y 3 ) be
ax + bx2 + cx3
the vertices of a triangle and α = 1 = 2 − 2,
−4 − 2k 4 0 a+ b +c
x1 , x2 , x3 and y 1 , y 2 , y 3 be integers.
[applying C2 → C2 − C1 and ay 1 + by 2 + cy 3
So, BC 2 = ( x2 − x3 )2 + ( y 2 − y 3 )2 is a β= =2− 2
C3 → C3 − C2 ] a+ b + c
positive integers.
⇒ 4 − 8k + (4k − 2)(4 + 2k ) = 0 i.e. The in-centre is (2 − 2, 2 − 2 ).
If the triangle is equilateral, then
⇒ 2k 2 + k − 1 = 0
so k = − 1 and 1 / 2 AB = BC = CA = a [say] 13 ( x − 1)2 + ( y − 2)2
1 and ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°. = ( x − 2)2 + ( y − 3)2
But for k = , points are (1/2, 1),
2 = ( x − 3)2 + ( y − 1)2
∴ Area of the triangle =   sin A ⋅ bc
1
⇒ x + y = 4, 4 x − 2 y = 5
(1/2, 1) and  − , 5
9  2
 5  ⇒ x = 13 / 6 , y = 11 / 6
=   a2 sin 60°
1
∴ Circumcentre =  , 
Which is a contradiction as given points 13 11
 2
are distinct.  6 6
 a2   3  x1 + 1
=    14 = −2
7 Using section formula, the coordi- nates  2  2  2
of the point P, which divides AB
3 2 ⇒ x1 = − 5
internally in the ratio 3 : 2 are = a
4 A (1, 1)
3 × 2 + 2 × 1 3 × 4 + 2 × 1
P 
which is irrational.
, 
 3+ 2 3+ 2  [since, a2 is a positive integer]
Now, the area of the triangle in terms of (–2, 3)E F (5, 2)
≡ P  , 
8 14 the coordinates
5 5 1
= [ x1 ( y 2 − y 3 ) + x2 ( y 3 − y 1 )
Also, since the line L passes through 2
P, hence substituting the coordinates + x3 ( y 1 − y 2 )] B (x1, y1) C (x2, y2)
y1 + 1
of P  ,  in the equation of
8 14 which is a rational number. = 3 ⇒ y1 = 5
5 5 This contradicts that the area is an 2
L : 2 x + y = k , we get irrational number, if the triangle is B = (−5, 5)
equilateral. x2 + 1
2  +   = k ⇒ k = 6
8 14 = 5 ⇒ x2 = 9
 5  5  10 If the centroid is joined to the vertices, 2
we get three triangles of equal area. y2 + 1
8 Let A( x1 , y 1 ), B( x2 , y 2 ) and C ( x3 , y 3 ) be the = 2 ⇒ y2 = 3
R = G =  3, 
4 2
vertices of ∆ABC and lx + my + n = 0 be ∴
 3 ∴ C = (9, 3)
the equation of the line. If P divides BC 1 + 9 − 5 1 + 5 + 3
in the ratio λ :1, then the coordinates of 11 Required points (x, y) are such that, it G =  , 
λx + x2 λy 3 + y 2   3 3 
P are  3 , .
satisfy x + y < 41 and x > 0, y > 0.
 λ+1 λ+1  = (5 / 3,3)
15 Since, we know that −c −d 22 OP is inclined at angle θ with X -axis OQ
= ⇒ 3bc = 2ad
Centroid divides the join of orthocenter 2a 3b is inclined at angle α − 2θ with X -axis.
and circumcenter in the ratio of 2 : 1 ⇒ 2ad − 3bc = 0 …(iii) The bisector of angle POQ is inclined at
Let the circumcenter of ∆ is (α, β ) 19 Let P ( x, y ) be the original position of the angle
 2α − 3 2β + 5 α − 2θ α
⇒ G (3, 3) = G  ,  point w.r.t the original axes. Let us move + θ = with X-axis.
 3 3  the origin at new position to (h, k). 2 2
2α − 3 2β + 5 Hence, the position of the same point P Y Q
∴ = 3 and =3
3 3 in the new system is
or α = 6, β = 2 x′ = x − h
∴Circumcentre of ∆ is C(6, 2). y′ = y − k P
Here, (h, k ) = (1, 2)

θ
16 We have, orthocentre and centroid of a

–2
∴ x ′ = ( x − 1)

α
triangle be A(−3, 5) and B(3, 3)
respectively and C circumcentre y ′ = ( y − 2) θ
O X
As per the given situation
A (–3, 5) B(3, 3) C y 2 − 8 x − 4 y + 12 = ( y − 2)2 − 4a( x − 1) 23 Image of (4, 1) in the line x = y is
⇒ y 2 − 8 x − 4 y + 12 = y 2 − 4 y (1, 4) on translating this point along
We know that, + 4 − 4ax + 4a positive direction of X-axis by 2 units,
AB : BC = 2 : 1 Comparing respective coefficients, we this point is transformed into (3, 4) and
have projection of the point (3, 4) on X-axis is
AB = (3 + 3)2 + (3 − 5)2
4a = 8 (3, 0).
= 36 + 4 = 2 10 ∴ a=2
24 BP − AP = ± 6 or BP = AP ± 6
∴ BC = 10 20 Let P (a′, y ′ ) be the coordinates of the
⇒ x2 + ( y + 4) 2 = x 2 + ( y − 4) 2 ± 6
AC = AB + BC point obtained by rotating the axes
through an angle of 60°. On squaring and simplifying, we get
= 2 10 + 10 = 3 10
∴The transformation matrix can be 4y − 9 = ± 3 x2 + ( y − 4) 2
Since, AC is a diametre of circle
written as Again on squaring, we get
AC 3 10 5  x ′   cos θ sin θ   x 
∴ r = = =3 9 x2 − 7 y 2 + 63 = 0
=
2 2 2  y ′  − sin θ cos θ  y 
     25 Let G (α,β ) be the centroid in any
17 Coordinates of point G is G  b , c   1 3 position. Then,
 3 3  2   2 2   x 1 + cos t + sint 2 + sint − cos t 
( AB ) + (BC ) + (CA )2
2 2 ⇒ =
− 3  3 1   y  (α, β ) =  , 
Let E =   −    3 3 
(GA )2 + (GB )2 + (GC )2  2 2  1 + cos t + sin t
4a2 + (a + b )2 + c 2 + (a − b )2 + c 2 ∴ α =
 x 3y 
⇒ E = + 3
2 2
 b − a +  c  +  b + a
2
 2   2 2  2 + sin t − cos t
      ⇒ =  and β =
− 3
3   3 3    − 3 x
+ 
y 3
2 2 2  2 2 ⇒ 3α − 1 = cos t + sin t
+   +   +  
c 2b 2c …(i)
 3  3  3 ⇒ x + 3 y = 4 and 3 x − y = 2 3
and 3 β − 2 = sin t − cos t …(ii)
4 a2 + 2 c 2 + 2 a2 + 2 b 2 Solving the above equations,
⇒ E= 2 On squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
 5 3
2b 6c2 4 b2 we have ( x, y ) =  ,  we get
+ 2 a2 + +
9 9 9 2 2 
(3α − 1)2 + (3 β − 2)2 = (cos t + sin t )2
6a2 + 2b 2 + 2c 2
⇒ E= 21 Let P ( x ′, y ′ ) be the coordinates of the + (sin t − cos t )2
1
(6b 2 + 18a2 + 6c 2 ) point P ( x, y ) after rotation of axes at an = 2(cos 2 t + sin2 t ) = 2
9
angle of 180° ∴ The equation of the locus of the
2(3a2 + b 2 + c 2 )
⇒ E= =3  x ′   cos θ sin θ   x 
1 ⇒ = centroid is (3 x − 1)2 + (3 y − 2)2 = 2
6(3a2 + b 2 + c 2 )  y ′  − sin θ cos θ  y 
    
9 ⇒ 9 ( x2 + y 2 ) − 6 x − 12 y + 3 = 0
Since, here θ = 180°
18 Let coordinate of the intersection point ⇒ 3 ( x2 + y 2 ) − 2 x − 4 y + 1 = 0
in fourth quadrant be (α, − α).  x ′   −1 0   x 
⇒ = 26 The third vertex lies on 2 x + 3 y = 9
 y ′  0 −1  y 
Since, (α, − α) lies on both lines      9 − 2x 
i.e.  x, 
4 ax + 2ay + c = 0 and  x′  − x   3 
⇒ =
5bx + 2by + d = 0.  y ′  − y 
    A (2, –3)
∴ 4 aα − 2aα + c = 0
−c ∴ x = − x ′ and y = − y ′
⇒ α = ...(i) Hence, the new equation of curve,
2a
x − 2 y + 3 = 0 is (− x ′ ) − 2(− y ′ ) + 3 = 0
and 5bα − 2bα + d = 0
−d ⇒ − x′ + 2 y ′ + 3 = 0
⇒ α =
3b
…(ii) ⇒ x′ − 2 y ′ − 3 = 0
or x − 2 y − 3 = 0 in general
B (–2, 1) (
C x, 9 – 2x
3 (
From Eqs. (i) and (ii),we get
 ∴ Locus of centroid is Let us assume ⇒ Family of coincident lines,
 9 − 2x
 2 − 2 + x −3 + + 1  {(h − ae )2 + k 2 } − {(h + ae )2 + k 2 } if L 1 and L 2 are coincident.
 , 3  = (h, k ) = − 4aeh …(ii) As a,b and c are in AP.
 3 3  On dividing Eqs. (ii) by (i), we have
  ⇒ 2b = a + c ⇒ a − 2b + c = 0
{(h − ae )2 + k 2 } − {(h + ae )2 + k 2 } On comparing with ax + by + c = 0, it
x 3 − 2x
∴ h= and k = (h − ae)2 + k 2 + (h + ae )2 + k 2 passes through fixed points (1, − 2).
3 9
− 4aeh 35 Here, L 1 : y − x = 0 and L 2 : 2 x + y = 0
⇒ 9 k = 3 − 2(3 h ) ⇒ 9 k = 3 − 6 h =
2a and L 3 : y + 2 = 0 as shown below,
⇒ 2h + 3k = 1
⇒ (h − ae) + k − (h + ae ) + k
2 2 2 2
Y
Hence, locus of a point is 2 x + 3 y = 1.
= − 2eh …(iii) L1
27 Let third vertex be C ( x1 , y 1 ).
{Q a − b = ( a + b ) ( a − b )} y=x
−3 − 2 + x1 2 + 1 + y 1 
∴Centroid  ,  lies Adding Eqs. (i) and (iii), we have
 3 3 
2 (h − ae )2 + k 2 = (2a − 2eh )
on line X¢ X
3x + 4y + 3 = 0 ⇒ 2 (h − ae )2 + k 2 = 2(a − eh ) O (0, 0)
P Q L3
28 Let P(α, β ) be any point such that Squaring both sides, we have y=–2
(h − ae )2 + k 2 = (a − eh )2 R –2 (1, –2)
(PA ) = k (PB ) (–2, –2) L2
⇒ (PA )2 = k 2 (PB )2 ⇒ h2 + a2e 2 − 2aeh + k 2 y = –2x
Angle Y¢
⇒ (α − ak )2 + β2 = a2 + e 2 h2 − 2aeh
Bisector

2
 ⇒ h − e h + k = a2 − a2e 2
2 2 2 2

= k 2   α −  + β2 
a |PO |= 4+ 4
 k  ⇒ h2 (1 − e 2 ) + k 2 = a2 (1 − e 2 )
  = 2 2; |OQ |= 1 + 4 = 5
Replacing h by x and k by y, we get the
⇒ α2 + β2 − 2akα + a2 k 2 = k 2α2
locus of point P (h, k ) which is the locus Since, OR is angle bisector
2ak 2
+ k 2β2 − α + a2 of an ellipse. OP PR
k =
x2 y2 OQ RQ
⇒ (1 − k 2 )α2 + (1 − k 2 )β 2 = (1 − k 2 ) a2 + 2 =1
a2
a (1 − e 2 ) PR 2 2
⇒ (1 − k 2 ) {α2 + β2 } = (1 − k 2 )a2 ⇒ =
{Q k ≠ ± 1} 31 Statement I : AB = BC = CA RQ 5
∴ α 2 + β2 = a 2 ∴ A, B ,C are the vertices of triangle ABC. Hence, Statement I is true.
Replace α by x and β by y, we have Statement II : Let A( x1 , y 1 ), B ( x2 , y 2 ) and But, it does not divide the triangle in
x2 + y 2 = a2 C ( x3 , y 3 ) are all rational coordinates. two similar triangles.
29 Let P (h, k ) represents all those points x1 y 1 1 Hence, Statement II is false.
1 3
∴ Area (∆ABC ) = x2 y 2 1 =
subtending a right angle at A and B 2
x3 y 3 1
4 SESSION 2
Y
[( x1 − x2 ) + ( y 1 − y 2 ) ]
2 2 1 Let the coordinates of P be ( x, y ).
P (h , k )
LHS = rational, RHS = irrational Then, PA = PB ⇒ PA2 = PB 2
Hence, ( x1 , y 1 ), ( x2 , y 2 ) and ( x3 , y 3 ) ⇒ ( x − 3)2 + ( y − 4)2 = ( x − 5)2 + ( y + 2)2
cannot be all rational. ⇒ x − 3y − 1 = 0 …(i)
X¢ X
A(–a, 0) O B (a, 0) Now, area of ∆PAB = 10
32 The orthocentre lies on the line joining x y 1
the points (0, 0) and (3, 5) i.e. 1
⇒ 3 4 1 = ± 10
Y¢
5x − 3 y = 0. 2
5 −2 1
Also, Statement II is true.
∴ m AP ⋅ m PB = − 1
⇒ 6 x + 2 y − 26 = ± 20
 k − 0   k − 0 33 Statement II is true as the coordinates of
⇒     = −1 the point P in new system are ⇒ 6 x + 2 y − 46 = 0
 h + a  h − a
(α − 1 − 2, α + 1 − 3). or 6x + 2y − 6 = 0
⇒ k 2 = − (h2 − a2 ) ⇒ 3 x + y − 23 = 0
In Statement I, the centroid is (2, 3), so
⇒ k + h2 = a2
2
or 3x + y − 3 = 0 …(ii)
the coordinates of the vertices in the
Replace k → y and h → x, we get On solving, x − 3 y − 1 = 0 and
x2 + y 2 = a2 new system of coordinates are (− 2, − 3),
3 x + y − 23 = 0, we get
(1, 0), (1, 3).
30 Since, A(ae, 0) and B(− ae, 0) be the x = 7, y = 2
given points and let P (h, k ) be any point 34 Statement II is false as L 1 + λL 2 = 0 On solving x − 3 y − 1 = 0
whose distance from A and B is constant
⇒ Family of concurrent lines, if L 1 and and 3 x + y − 3 = 0, we get
i.e. 2a.
L 2 are intersect. x = 1, y = 0
i.e. |PA | + |PB | = 2a
⇒ Family of parallel lines, Thus, the coordinates of P are (7,2)
⇒ (h − ae)2 + k 2
if L 1 and L 2 are parallel. or (1, 0).
+ (h + ae )2 + k 2 = 2a …(i)
2 The coordinates of A1 are  a , b  Y ⇒ (h − 1)2 + (k − 3)2
 2 2 R(h, k) = (h + 2)2 + (k − 7)2
 a+ a b + b  ⇒ −2h + 1 − 6k + 9
  = 4h + 4 − 14k + 49
The coordinates of A2 are  2, 2 φ θ
 2 2  X¢ X ⇒ 6h − 8k + 43 = 0 …(i)
Q O M P
  (a, 0) Since, the area of triangle is 10 sq unit
(–a, 0)
=  + 2 , + 2 
a a b b {given}
2 2 2 2  Y¢ 1
ar (∆ABC ) = |BC || AC |
The coordinates of A3 are Again, now 2α = θ − φ 2
2
 a+ a + a b + b + b  ∴ tan 2α = tan (θ − φ)
(5)  h +  + (k − 5)2 =
1 1 25
  ⇒
= 2 22 , b 2 22  tan θ − tan φ 2  2 6
=
 2 2  1 + tan θ tan φ
  On squaring, we get
k (a + h ) − k (a − h ) 2
=
⇒  h +  + (k − 5)2 =
1 25
=  + 2 + 3 , + 2 + 3 
a a a b b b
a2 − h2 + k 2 
2 2 2 2 2 2  2 9
⇒ a2 − h2 + k 2 = 2hk cot 2α Using Eq. (i), we have
Continuing in this manner we observe
Hence, the locus is 2
that the coordinates of A n are  8 k − 43 1  + ( − )2 = 25
x2 − y 2 + 2 xy cot 2α − a2 = 0 ⇒ +  k 5
 a + a + a + ...+ a ,  6 2 9

 2 22 23 2n 6 Here, tan θ = 2 ⇒ (4k − 20)2 + 9(k − 5)2 = 25
⇒ 25⋅ (k − 5)2 = 25
+ ... + n 
b b b b 1 2
+ + So, cos θ = , sin θ =
2 22 23 2  ⇒ (k − 5)2 = 1
5 5
⇒ |k − 5| = 1
 1 
=  a 1 − n  , b  1 − n  
1 For x and y, we have ⇒ k − 5= ± 1
  2   2  X − 2Y
x = X cos θ − Y sin θ = ∴ k = 1 + 5 or k = − 1 + 5
= (a(1 − 2− n ), b(1 − 2− n )) 5 ⇒ k = 6 or k = 4
2X + Y Using Eq. (i), we have h =
5
3 I D k P and y = X sin θ + Y cos θ =
5 6
A (x1, y1) B (x2, y2) C (x3, y3) Using Eq. (i), we have
The equation 4 xy − 3 x = a reduces to
2 2
11
m h=−
(k + I) 4( X − 2Y ) (2 X + Y ) 6
⋅
5 5 Therefore, the vertex A of the isosceles
Coordinates of point D are
∆ABC is A  , 6 or A  − , 4 .
2 5 11
 X − 2Y 
 lx + kx1 ly 2 + ky 1  − 3  =a
2
6   6 
D 2 ,   5 
 k + l k + l 
α β 1
⇒ 4(2 X 2 − 2Y 2 − 3 XY )
Coordinates of point P are 9 ar (∆ PBC ) = 1 − 3 5 1
− 3( X 2 − 4 XY + 4Y 2 ) = 5a2 2
 lx + kx1 + mx3 ly 2 + ky 1 + my 3  4 −2 1
P  2 ,  ⇒ 5X 2 − 20Y 2 = 5a2
 k + l + m k + l + m 
∴ X 2 − 4Y 2 = a2 1
⇒ ar (∆PBC ) = | 7α + 7β − 14|
2
4 Let P (h, k ) be any point such that 7 Let the vertices be C , A and B , 7
= |α + β − 2|
2(PA ) = 3(PB ) respectively. The altitude from A is 2
y − a ( t2 + t 3 ) 6 −3 1
⇒ 4(PA )2 = 9(PB )2 = – t1 1
x − at 2 t 3 Also, ar (∆ABC ) = −3 5 1
⇒ 4(h + k ) = 9 {(h − 4) + (k + 3) }
2 2 2 2
2
⇒ xt 1 + y = at 1 t 2 t 3 + a ( t2 + t 3 ) …(i) 4 −2 1
⇒ 4(h2 + k 2 ) = 9(h2 + k 2 − 8h + 6k + 25)
1 7
⇒ 5h2 + 5k 2 − 72h + 54k + 225 = 0
The altitude from B is ⇒ ar (∆ABC ) = |42 − 21 − 14| =
xt 2 + y = at 1 t 2 t 3 + a (t 3 + t 1 ) …(ii) 2 2
∴ Required locus is ar (∆PBC )
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we = |α + β − 2|
5x2 + 5y 2 − 72 x + 54 y + 225 = 0 ar (∆ ABC )
get x = − a
5 Let ∠RPQ = θ and ∠RQP = φ Hence, y = a( t 1 + t 2 + t 3 + t 1 t 2 t 3 )
10 By PROJECTION FORMULA, we have
|OP1 |2 + |OP2|2 − |P1 P2|2
∴ θ − φ = 2α So, the orthocentre is cos ∠ P1 OP2 =
{− a, a( t 1 + t 2 + t 3 + t 1 t 2 t 3 )}. 2 |OP1 ||OP2|
Let RM ⊥ PQ , so that RM = k , Let E = |OP1 ||OP2|cos ∠ P1 OP2
MP = a − h 8 Given that, the triangle ABC is isosceles
∴ | AB | = | AC | Y
and MQ = a + h P2 (x2, y2)
RM k Let the coordinate of A are A(h, k )
Then, tanθ = =
MP a− h ∴ (h − 1)2 + (k − 3)2
C1(x1, y1)
RM k = (h + 2)2 + (k − 7)2
and tan φ = =
MQ a+ h X
O
 ( x12 + y 12 ) + ( x22 + y 22 ) or if b = 2 3 Case II |PC| = |RC|
− {( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y 2 − y 1 )2 } ⇒ a= −2 [using Eq. (i)] ( x − 2)2 + ( y − 1)2 = ( x − 3)2 + ( y − 4)2
⇒ E =
2 ⇒ 2 x + 6 y = 20 …(ii)
12 Let (h, k ) be the point on the locus. Then
[ x12 + x22 + y 12 + y 22 − ( x2 − x1 )2 Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii) for x and y, we
by the given conditions have
− ( y 2 − y 1 )2 ] (h − a1 )2 + (k − b1 )2
⇒ E = ∴Co-ordinates of circumcentre are
2 = (h − a2 )2 + (k − b2 )2
C ( x, y ) = C  , 
13 9
2 x1 x2 + 2 y 1 y 2 ⇒ 2h(a1 − a2 ) + 2k (b1 − b2 ) + a22 + b22
⇒ E =  4 4
2 − a12 − b12 = 0
∴|OP1 ||OP2|cos ∠ P1 OP2 = x1 x2 + y 1 y 2 1 14 Let P (h, k ) be the point such that
⇒ h(a1 − a2 ) + k (b1 − b2 ) + (a22 + b22
11 The points A(0, 0), B(2, 2 3 ) and C (a, b ) 2 |PA|2 + |PB|2 = |AB|2
are the vertices of an equilateral triangle − a12 − b12 ) = 0 …(i) ⇒ (h − 2) + k + (h + 2)2 + k 2
2 2
= 42 + 0
if Since, the locus of (h, k ) is the line ⇒ 2h 2 + 8 + 2k 2 = 16
|AB| = |BC| = |CA| (a1 − a2 )h + (b1 − b2 )k + c = 0 …(ii) ⇒ h2 + k 2 =4
⇒ |AB|2 = |BC|2 = |CA|2 ∴ Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ∴Locus of P is x + y = 4
2 2

1
⇒ 4 + 12 = (a − 2)2 + (b − 2 3 )2 c = (a22 + b22 − a12 − b12 ) 15. Let the third vertex be ( p, q ).
2
= a2 + b 2 ⇒ q = p+3 …(i)
Now, (a − 2)2 + (b − 2 3 )2 = a2 + b 2 13 Circumcentre of a triangle is the point
Now, ∆ = |5|
which is equidistant from the vertices of
a2 + b 2 − 4a − 4 3 b + 16 = a2 + b 2 ∆ =± 5
a triangle.
a+ 3b = 4 p q 1
Let the circumcentre of triangle be 1
a = 4 − 3b …(i) C ( x, y ) and the three vertices of the 2 1 1 =± 5
2
triangle are represented by 3 −2 1
Also, a + b = 16
2 2
P (2, 1), Q (5, 2), R(3, 4)
(4 − 3b )2 + b 2 = 16 [using Eq. (i)] ⇒ q + 3 p − 7 = ± 10
∴ According to given condition,
⇒ 4b − 8 3b + 16 = 16
2 ⇒ 3 p + q = 17 …(ii)
we have
and 3p + q = − 3 …(iii)
⇒ 4b(b − 2 3 ) = 0 |PC| = |QC| = |RC|
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii) and solving
⇒ b = 0 or b = 2 3 Case I |PC| = |QC| Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get points
If b =0 ( x − 2)2 + ( y − 1)2 = ( x − 5)2 + ( y − 2)2  7 , 13  and  − 3 , 3 
   
⇒ a= 4 ⇒ 6 x + 2 y = 24 …(i) 2 2   2 2