Introduction On distillation column design:-distillation columns that
separate a mixture of two components into two product streams, a
distillate and a bottoms product. Distillation is a physical process for the
separation of liquid mixtures that is based on differences in the boiling
points of the constituent components. The distillate leaves at the top of
the column and carries most of low-boiling, more volatile or light
component, while the bottoms product carries most of the high-boiling,
less volatile or heavy component. Distillation separates the components
based on the difference in their volatilities. On distillation column design
part: Most of the processes in chemical industry are involved in
purifying components. As a consequence, a large part of the energy use
in many industrial sectors can be attributed to separation processes.
Distillation is the dominant separation technology in chemical industries
despite its huge energy consumption. Distillation consumes about 3% of
the total energy consumed. Since many separation tasks need to continue
with this technology, methods to determine the minimal energy used in a
given distillation task have become important.
For separations of a multicomponent mixture, one way to reduce the
energy requirements is using thermally coupled distillation columns
instead of the conventional direct sequence. These new methods permit
energy savings more than 30%in comparison with conventional
sequence distillation columns.
Distillation is the most widely separation process used in many
industries. Distillation makes about 95% of all current industrial
separation processes. It has been used in chemical industries,
pharmaceutical and food industries, environmental and in petroleum-
refineries. The most common use is after a chemical reactor where we
obtain some products. Distillation is used in order to separate the desired
product from the rest obtaining a high purity product. Examples of the
most important applications in food industries are concentrating
essential oils and flavors; the deodorization of fats and oils or in alcohol
distillation. Some pharmaceutical processes based on concentration of
antibiotics are also related with distillation columns. On the other hand,
distillation is the main part in petroleum refineries. The crude oil which
contains a complex mixture of hydrocarbons is pumped into a huge
distillation column in order to be separated them by different
temperatures.
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