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- 2 - openGL

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13 views16 pages

- 2 - openGL

Uploaded by

dawitkebedewoldu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to OpenGL

What is OpenGL?
• “A software interface to graphics hardware”
• Written in C (NOT C++)
• Very fast (a standard to be accelerated)

• Portable

• Open standard

• What it isn’t
– A modeling tool
– A new ‘language’

• Other options:
– Direct3D
– MesaGL
– VirtualGL
OpenGL/GLU/GLUT
• OpenGL is the “core” library that is platform
independent

• GLU is an auxiliary library that handles a variety


of graphics accessory functions

• GLUT is an auxiliary library that handles window


creation, OS system calls (mouse buttons,
movement, keyboard, etc), callbacks.
Headers and Linking
• OpenGL - main stuff (the only thing that is required)
– #include <GL/gl.h>
– Link opengl32.lib (PC)
• opengl.lib is an SGI implementation
• opengl32.lib is a Microsoft implementation

• GLU - auxillary functions


– #include <GL/glu.h>
– Link glu32.lib (PC)
Headers and Libraries
• GLUT - Window management (requires download of
library)
– #include <GL/glut.h>
– Link glut32.lib (PC), or -lglut (UNIX)

• Instead of GLUT, you can use GLX or WGL


GLUT
• GLUT is a Window Manager
– Makes it easy to create windows
– Platform independent
– Gets you up and running, though it isn’t
extremely customizable
– Not meant for “commercial” products
Approach to programming in GL
• Use old code again!

• http://www.opengl.org/documentation/
• Use the function glGetError() to check for errors
• Note about function names:
– gl means OpenGL (ex. glVertex)
– glu means GLU (ex. gluPerspective)
– glut means GLUT (ex. glutCreateWindow)
Basic GL Commands
• glEnable/glDisable
• GL has many states of operation, and the
way you change them is through Enabling
and Disabling them.
• Ex.
– glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
– glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
– glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
Geometry Commands
• glBegin
• glVertex
• glColor
• glNormal
• glTexCoord
• glEnd
Lighting
• glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
• glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
• Glfloat fLightPosition[3];
– fLightPosition[0]=1;
– fLightPosition[1]=1;
– fLightPosition[2]=1;
• glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,fLightPosition);
Example
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glVertex3f(0,1,0);
glVertex3f(0,0,1);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glEnd();
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glVertex3f(0,0,1);
glVertex3f(1,0,0);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glEnd();
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
State Machine
• OpenGL has several global variables:
– GL_DEPTH_TEST
– GL_LIGHTING
– GL_SHADE_MODEL
– GL_CULL_FACE
– Color
– Normal
• They are the current values till changed
State Examples
• glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
• glColor4f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
• glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
• glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
• glColor4f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
• glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
• glEnd();
Stack
• Transformations are based on a stack
architecture.
glVertex3f(1,0,0);
glTranslatef(2,0,0);
glVertex3f(1,0,0);
glRotatef(90,1,0,0);
glTranslatef(2,0,0);
glVertex3f(1,0,0);
Stack

glRotatef(27,.71,.71,0);
glTranslatef(-2,-1,1.2);
glPushMatrix();
glScalef(1.5,1.5,1.5);

glRotatef(45,0,0,1);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(1,0.8,2.4);
Stack
glTranslatef(0.1, 0.5, 0.5);
DrawTorso();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.4, 0.4, 0.8);
glRotatef(fArmRotation,0,0,1);
glDrawUpperArm();
glTranslatef(0,0,-1);
glRotatef(fLowerArmRotation,0.2,0.2,0.7);
glPopMatrix();

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