4 Sample Paper

Solved
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CHEMISTRY
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 70

General Instructions: Same instructions as given in the Sample Paper 1.

SECTION - A 16 Marks
(The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks
each. Two questions have an internal choice.)
1. Match the terms given in Column I with the Y

items given in Column II. 3

E° values
–1
Column I Column II –2
X
(A) Λm (I) Intensive property P Q R
Elements
(B) E°cell (II) Depends on number
The order of reducing power is:
of ions/volume
(a) P > Q > R (b) Q > P > R
(C) k (III) Extensive property
(c) R > P > Q (d) P < Q > R 1
(D) ∆ Gcell (IV) Increases with 4. There are many ideal solutions which
dilution
are used in laboratories for various
Options: purposes like extraction and as solvents
(a) (A)- (IV), (B)- (I), (C)- (II), (D) -(III) in chromatography. One such solution is
(b) (A)- (I), (B)- (II), (C)- (III), (D) -(IV) mixture of benzene and toluene.

(c) (A)- (II), (B)- (I), (C)- (III), (D) -(IV) Identify the liquid pairs forming ideal
solutions.
(d) (A)- (III), (B)- (IV), (C)- (I), (D) -(II) 1
2. A glycerine solution, at 293 K, has a molality I II
of 3.89 molal and molarity of 5.33 M. Which (a) Chlorobenzene Bromobenzene
of these would be CORRECT for molarity and (b) Sulphuric acid Water
molality of the same glycerine solution at
(c) Water Methanol
450K?
(d) Carbon Toluene
(a) Molarity < 5.33 M; Molality = 3.89 molal
Tetrachloride
(b) Molarity < 5.33 M; Molality < 3.89 molal
1
(c) Molarity > 5.33 M; Molality = 3.89 molal
5. The molar conductivity of a 1.5 M solution
(d) Molarity = 5.33 M; Molality = 3.89 molal
of an electrolyte is found to be 138.9 S cm2
1 mol-1. The conductivity of this solution is:
3. The standard reduction potential values of (a) 0.20835 S cm-1 (b) 0.5253 S cm-1
the elements P, Q and R are shown in graph: (c) 0.1256 S cm-1 (d) 0.3256 S cm-1 1

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 6. The combustion of hydrogen takes place in a 10. In a coordination complexes the central
hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell to: metal atom acts as ........................
(a) Bronsted-Lowry acid
(b) Lewis base
(c) Lewis acid
–
2e

hydrogen Oxygen
(d) Bronsted-Lowry base 1
H2
(from fuel) (Air)
11. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’ in the following reaction
Electrolyte
2e– 2e–

H O+
+ +
2H+
2H + 2H +
C 12H22O11 + H2O 
or Lactase→ X + Y
3
+
1 Lactose
2 O2

(a) ‘X’ = β-D-glucose and ‘Y’ = β-D-galactose

heat
H2 O + (b) ‘X’ = β-D-galactose and ‘Y’ = β-D-glucose
water
Anode Cathode (c) ‘X’ = Fructose and ‘Y’ = Maltose
(a) generate heat. (d) ‘X’ = Maltose and ‘Y’ = Fructose 1
(b) create potential difference between the 12. Glucose on treatment with NH2OH
two electrodes. undergoes:
(c) produce high purity water. (a) condensation (b) reduction
(d) remove adsorbed oxygen from electrode (c) hydrolysis (d) oxidation 1
surfaces. 1 In the following questions, a statement of
7. Yakshi poured some potassium chromate assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
in a test tube for qualitative analysis. The reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
yellow solution of potassium chromate soon (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
turned orange in colour. Yakshi realised that explanation of (A).
this happened because the test tube was not (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
clean and contained a few drops of some correct explanation of (A).
liquid. Which of the following were the liquid (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
drops most likely to be? (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
(a) Drops of hydrochloric acid 13. Assertion (A): The electrical resistance of any
(b) Drops of methyl orange object increases with increase
in its length.
(c) Drops of NaOH solution
Reason (R): Electrical resistance of any
(d) Drops of water 1 object increases with increase
8. Amreen tabulated the time required for the in its area of cross-section. 1
reaction of different halogen halides with
diethyl ether as follows:
14. Assertion (A): Oxidation of glucose by
bromine water gives
Halogen saccharic acid.
HW HX HY
halide Reason (R): Bromine water oxidises
Time 1 min 1 min, 45 sec 51 sec —CHO group in the structure

Which of the following options correctly of glucose. 1
identifies the halide ions? 15. Assertion (A): 
Order of the following
elementary reaction,
– –
(a) W = I , X = Br , Y = Cl
2NO(g) + 2H2(g) → 2H2O(g) + N2(g)
(b) W = Cl– , X = I– , Y = Br
is four.
(c) W = I– , X = Cl– , Y = Br Reason (R): Order of the elementary
(d) W = Br– , X = Cl– , Y = I 1 reaction with respect to given
9. In the reaction– reactant is the power of the
CuSO4 + 4NH3 + H2O → A reactants concentration in the
What is the IUPAC name of compound 'A'? rate equation. 1
(a) Tetrammine copper (II) sulphate mono 16. Assertion (A): Inner ordital complexes
hydrate are more stable than outer
(b) Hexamine copper (I) sulphate tetra orbital camplexes.
hydrate Reason (R): In the presence of strong field
(c) Pentammine copper (III) sulphate ligand the unpaired electrons
trihydrate in the metal ion have been
(d) None of these 1 forced to pair. 1

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 SECTION - B 10 Marks
(This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in two questions. The following questions
are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each)
17. (A) For the standard cell, 19. “Standard electrode potential is a
Ni(s) | Ni2+(aq) || Ag+(aq) | Ag(s) measurement of the potential for
[E°Ni2+/Ni = – 0.25 V and E°Ag+/Ag = 0.080 V] equilibrium. There is a potential difference
Identify the cathode and the anode as between the electrode and the electrolyte
the current is drawn from the cell. called the potential of the electrode”. Given
(B) Choose the correct emf of the cell given the standard electrode potentials,
below at STP: K+/K =−2.93 V, Ag+/Ag = 0.80 V, Hg2+/Hg =
Voltmeter 0.79 V, Mg2+/Mg =−2.37V, Cr3+/Cr =−0.74V
e– e–
–
Arrange these metals in their increasing
e
Salt bridge e– order of reducing power. 2
–
20. How do you convert the following:
– A KCl B
–
–
–
– (A) Prop-1-ene to 1-fluoropropane
–
(B) Chlorobenzene to 2-chlorotoluene
–

A+2(aq) +
B (aq)
0.4(M) 1×10–3(M) OR
+ +2
E°(B |B) = 0.80 V, E°(A |A) = -2.37 V Write the main products when:
(a) 3.0047V (A) n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic
(b) 3.047V KOH.
(c) 0.0347V (B) 2, 4, 6-trinitrochlorobenzene is subjected
Also defend your answer by giving
to hydrolysis. 2
calculations. 2
18. Answer any two of the following: 21. Give the products of the following reaction
(A) Why aquatic species are more of 1, 2-diols. Also draw the structure of
comfortable in cold water? products obtained.

(B) In winter, salt (usually NaCl or CaCl2) is

HO OH H2SO4
(A)
spread on icy roads. Give reason for your H Et X
answer. HO OH
(C) Why ethylene glycol or propylene glycol
H+
is added to the water in car radiators.  2 (B) Y  2

SECTION - C 21 Marks
(This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each)

22. For the hydrolysis of methyl acetate in (B) Units of rate and rate constant of a
aqueous solution, the following results were reaction are the same for which order of
obtained: the reaction?
(C) State the factors which affect the rate of
time/s 0 30 60 the reaction. 3
[CH3COOCH3]/mol L-1 0.60 0.30 0.15 24. Give reason for the following:
(A) Define pseudo first order reaction. (A) Aniline does not undergo Friedal – Crafts
reaction.
(B) Show that it follows pseudo first order
reaction, as the concentration of water (B) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines
remains constant. are more stable than those of aliphatic
amines.
(C) Calculate the average rate of reaction
between the time interval 30 to 60 (C) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred
seconds. (Given: log 2 = 0.3010, log 4 = for synthesising primary amines only. 3
0.6021) 3 25. Write the major product of the following
reactions and also draw their structures.
23. (A) What is the order of the reaction for the
–5 –1 –1 Peroxide
rate constant k = 3.5 × 10 L mol s ? (A) CH3 — CH2 — CH = CH2 + HBr  →

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 Ethanol
(B) (CH3)3CBr + KOH → (ii) the concentration of 2-bromooctane
is reduced by half ? 3
(C) CH3 — CH — CH2 — CH3 + NaOH(aq) →
| 26. 0.85% aqueous solution of NaNO3 is
Br apparently 90% dissociated at 27°C.
Calculate its osmotic pressure. (R = 0.082 L
OR
atm K–1 mol–1). 3
Nikita was experimenting in the lab to study
the chemical reactivity of haloalkane. She 27. An aromatic compound ‘A’ on treatment
carried out the reaction of 2-bromooctane with aqueous ammonia and heating forms
with alcoholic NaOH as shown below. compound ‘B’ which on heating with Br2
C6H13 C6H13
and KOH forms a compound ‘C’ of molecular
formula C6H7N. Write the structures and
H C Br + NaOH HO C H + NaBr common names of compounds A, B and C. 3 

CH3 CH3 28. Explain the mechanism of the following

2-Bromooctane 2-Octanol reactions:
(A) Addition of Grignard’s reagent to the
(A) Identify the type of substitution reaction carbonyl group of a compound forming
mechanism. Justify your answer. an adduct followed by hydrolysis.
(B) What effect will it have on the rate of the (B) Acid catalysed dehydration of an alcohol
reaction if: forming an alkene.
(i) the concentration of NaOH is reduced (C) Acid catalysed hydration of an alkene
by half ? forming an alcohol. 3

SECTION - D 8 Marks
(The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and carries
4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.)

29. The interaction of the -OH group with the 30. Coordination compounds have many uses and
carbonyl group results in the intramolecular applications in human life from the ancient
hemiacetal or hemiketal production of pentose times. One of its use is in photography. Prior
and hexose. The real structure consists of a to the invention of colour photography, black
and white photography existed. It uses light-
ring with five or six members and an oxygen
sensitive silver halide crystals that, when
atom. All pentoses and hexoses are present combined with gelatin, make an emulsion on
in pyranose form in the free state (resembling celluloid or plastic film (gpass plates were
pyran). However, some of them have five- first used). The silver halide reacts chemically
membered cyclic structures known as furanose with the energy from the light rays that
in the combined state (resembling furan). enter the camera and strike the film. It takes
The cyclic structure of glucose is represented a sophisticated chemical technique to create
by Haworth structure: silver halide crystals for photographic film,
6 6 which makes them photosensitive to all visible
CH2OH CH2OH light wavelengths. Here's a tabular summary
of the uses of coordination compounds in
5 5
H O H H O OH
H H photography:
4 1  4 1 
OH H OH H
HO OH HO H Application Coordination Function
3 2 3 2
Compound
H OH H OH
-D-(+)-Glucopyranose -D-(+)-Glucopyranose Photographic Sodium Dissolves
(A) Give an example of aldohexose. Fixers thiosulfate unexposed
(Na2S2O3) silver halide
OR crystals
(A) Write the reaction of glucose with
Photochromic Various Change
NH2OH. 1
Reactions photochromic colour upon
(B) (i) Give an example of globular protein. compounds exposure to
(ii) Give an example of fibrous protein. 1 light
(C) (i) Name the carbohydrate molecule Dye Various dye- Enhance
which is an aldohexose. Sensitisation sensitised sensitivity of
(ii) Define the secondary structure of compounds photographic
protein molecule. 2 emulsions

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Another method that uses chemicals to convert OR
silver ions into silver metal is developing
(B) The pigment responsible for
photographic film; more light results in more
silver and a darker, opaque region on the film. photosynthesis, chlorophyll is a
Areas on the film that get less light seem more coordination compound of:
translucent.
(A) Which complex is formed in black (a) magnesium (b) calcium
and white photography, in which the
developed film is fixed by washing (c) manganese (d) pectate 1
with hypo solution which dissolves the
(C) The coordination complex used in the
undecomposed AgBr? Elaborate 2
(B) The coordination complex used in gold treatment of cancer is:
plating is: (a) EDTA (b) [Ni(CO)4]
(a) Au[(CN)2] (b) K[Au(CN)2]
(c) [Ag(S2O3)2] (d) [(Ph3P)3RhCl] (c) cis-platin (d) Au[(CN)2] 1

SECTION - E 15 Marks
(The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All questions have an internal choice.)

31. (A) 
A compound X consisting of C and (D) Arrange the following in increasing order
H atoms and one oxygen atom in a of their acidity:
carbonyl group, undergoes the reactions
as given in the table below. FCH2COOH, BrCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH,
HCOOH
Reaction Result (E) What is Tollen’s reagent? What is it used
Tollen's test +ve for? 5

Iodoform test +ve 32. (A) Account for the following:

(i) Formaldehyde gives positive tollen's
Identify the product(s) that compound
X will produce on undergoing the Aldol test while acetic acid do not.
condensation reaction followed by
dehydration. Justify your answer. Negative Positive
Tollen's Test Tollen's Test
(B) 
How will you carry out the following
conversions?
Acetic acid Formaldehyde
(i) Acetylene to acetic acid
(ii) Toluene to m-nitrobenzoic acid
(C) Give the IUPAC name of following: (ii) Aldehydes are more reactive than
O ketones in nucleophilic reactions.
(B) With the help of suitable reactions
H3C explain what happens when:
Br (i) Ketones react with semi carbazide.
H3C 
OR (ii) Acetone reacts with conc. H2SO4.
(A) Identify the product. (C) Explain how acetic acid is produced in
O the fermentation process of vinegar.
OR
Acid catalyst (A) State and illustrate the following:
+ 2C2H5OH
(i) Wolff-Kishner reduction
Cyclohexanone (ii) Aldol condensation
(B) Identify the product. (B) An organic compound (X) which has
O characteristic odour, on treatment with
NaOH forms two compounds (Y) and (Z).
Compound (Y) has the molecular formula
+ HCN C7H8O which on oxidation with CrO3
gives back compound (X). Compound (Z)
(C) Explain why (CH3)2C=CH2 is insoluble is the sodium salt of the acid. Compound
in water whereas (CH3)2C=O is highly (Z) when heated with soda lime yields an
soluble in water. aromatic hydrocarbon (W). Deduce the

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 structures of (X), (Y), (Z) and (W). Write (C) The magnetic moment of complex
chemical equations for all reactions which is formed by reaction of scandium
taking place. 5 metal with aqueous solution of sodium
hydroxide is zero.
33. Assign reasons for each of the following: (D) Metal-metal bonding is more frequent
(A) Transition metals generally form for the 4d and the 5d series of transition
coloured compounds. metals than that for the 3d series.
(B) Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation (E) Why the ionisation enthalpy values
state of +7 among the 3d series of slowly increases for the first transition
transition elements. series as shown by the graph? Explain
(C) Cr2+ is reducing in nature while with the this trend.
same d-orbital configuration (d4) Mn3+ is 0.5
an oxidising agent.

Standard electrode potential/V

(D) The co-ordination number of compound 0
py.CrO(O2)2 is six.
OR –0.5

Explain the following observations:

–1
(A) Generally there is an increase in density
of elements from titanium (Z = 22) to
–1.5
copper (Z = 29) in the first series of
transition elements.
–2
(B) Transition elements and their compounds Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
are generally found to be good catalysts Observed values Calculated values
in chemical reactions.
 5

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 SOLUTIONS
SAMPLE PAPER - 4

SECTION - A
1. (a) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III) 5. (a) 0.20835 S cm–1
Explanation: Molar conductivity (Λm) increases
Explanation: C = 1.5 M, Λm= 138.9 S cm2 mol-1
with dilution because after dilution the total
no. of ions increases. κ ×1000
Λm =
E°cell is an intensive property because electrode C
potential is independent on amount of system Λm× C
and dependent on concentration of reactants \ k=
1000
and product.
Conductance (k) depends on the no. of ions per 138.9 × 1.5
=
unit volume. 1000
ΔG°cell is an extensive property because free = 0.20835 S cm–1
energy equation is dependent on amount of
material of system.
6. (b) create potential difference between the
two electrodes.
2. (a) Molarity < 5.33 M; Molality = 3.89 molal Explanation: The oxygen is reduced at the
Explanation: Molality is defined as the number cathode and the hydrogen is oxidised at the
of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It anode in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. These
is independent of temperature because the two processes combine to form the hydrogen
mass of the solvent does not change with combustion reaction, which produces a lot of
temperature. Therefore, the molality of the heat.
glycerine solution remains 3.89 molal at 450K.
On the other hand, molarity is defined as the 7. (a) Drops of hydrochloric acid
number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Explanation: The yellow solution of potassium
The volume of a solution changes with chromate turning orange indicates the
temperature. As the temperature increases, formation of dichromate ions (Cr2O72−) from
the volume of the solution increases, which chromate ions (CrO42–). This color change
means the concentration (molarity) decreases. typically occurs in the presence of an acid,
Therefore, the molarity of the glycerine solution which increases the concentration of hydrogen
at 450K will be less than 5.33 M. ions and shifts the equilibrium towards the
3. (a) P > Q > R formation of dichromate ions.
Explanation: A reduction reaction that involves
8. (d) W = Br– , X = Cl– , Y = I
the addition of electrons is conceivable,
according to a positive reduction potential Explanation: HY responds the fastest (51
value. R will acquire an electron and function seconds), indicating that it is the most reactive
as an oxidising agent since it has a positive halide ion. HW reacts in one minute, which
electrode potential. Therefore, out of the three, means it is less reactive than HY but more
it has the least decreasing capabilities. reactive than HX. HX reacts the slowest (1
The possibility of oxidation involving the loss of minute and 45 seconds), showing it is the least
electrons is suggested by a negative reduction reactive.
potential. P has a stronger reducing agent than Therefore, the correct identification is:
Q because it has a larger negative reduction HY: I–⁻ (Iodide)
potential than R and Q. As a result, it will lose HW: Br–⁻ (Bromide)
an electron.
HX: Cl–⁻ (Chloride)
4. (a) I: Chlorobenzene ; II: Bromobenzene
Explanation: Chlorobenzene and bromobenzene
9. (a) Tetrammine copper (II) sulphate
monohydrate
are the example of the ideal solution because
on mixing chlorobenzene and bromobenzene, Explanation: In the given reaction, the IUPAC
there is no new interaction develop in the name of the product is tetrammine copper (II)
solution. Rest are the examples of non-ideal sulphate monohydrate.
solutions. CuSO4 + 4NH3 + H2O → CuSO4 . 4NH3 . H2O

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10. (c) Lewis acid area of cross-section. Thus, assertion is correct
Explanation: A Lewis acid is a species that statement, but reason is wrong statement.
has the ability to receive an electron pair. The
central metal atom is a Lewis acid because Related Theory
it accepts electrons from ligands due to the  Resistance is the measure of the opposition to
presence of empty d-orbitals. current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is
measured in ohms, symbolised by 'W'.
11. (a) ‘X’ = β-D-glucose and ‘Y’ = β-D-galactose
14. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Explanation: Explanation: Oxidation of glucose by bromine
CH₂OH water gives gluconic acid. Bromine water
CH₂OH
oxidises only —CHO group in the structure of
O
OH glucose.
CH₂OH OH O OH
OH O OH
Lactase OH Thus, assertion is wrong statement but reason
O
OH OH
H₂O is correct statement.
OH Caution
β– D-Galactose
OH
+  Students might get confused while answering to this
CH₂OH question. They should keep in mind that bromine
water is a mild oxidising agent which oxidises –CHO to
O –COOH. It doesn't oxidise alcohol or ketone group.
OH
OH OH
15. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
OH correct explanation of (A).
β– D-Glucose Explanation: Order of the following
elementary reaction.
12. (a) condensation 2NO(g) + 2H2(g) → 2H2O(g) + N2(g) is four. As we
know that order of the elementary reaction
Explanation: Glucose on reaction with NH2OH
with respect to given reactant is the power
will give the glucoxime undergoing the
of the reactants concentration in the rate
condensation reaction along with the removal
equation. Thus, both assertion and reason are
of the water molecule.
correct statements, and reason is the correct
CHO CH = N—OH explanation of the assertion.
16. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
—

NH2OH
(CHOH)4 (CHOH)4
– H₂O correct explanation of (A).
—

CH2OH CH2OH Explanation: In the presence of strong field

ligand, the unpaired electrons in the metal
Glucose Glucoxime
ion are forced to pair up therefore upcoming
ligand use inner orbital to donate it's unshared
13. (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
electrons and due to this, complex is known as
Explanation: R ∝ l/A, hence electrical inner orbital camplexes. In the case of strong
resistance increases with increase in the length field ligand the higher amount of energy is
of the object and decreases with increase in its released because they are stable complexes.

SECTION - B
Substituting the values in Nernst equation,
17. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 3
 0.059  A +2 
E = E° –   log  
Topic: Electrolytic Cell  2  + 2
 [B ] 
✔ (A) Identify cathode and anode. (0.5m+0.5m)
✔ (B) Choose and give reason. (0.5m+0.5m)  0.059
= 0.80–(–2.37) –  
 0.4 
log  
(A) Since E°Ni2+/Ni is lower than E°Ag+/Ag, Nickel  2   (10−3 )2 
electrode has higher tendency to undergo = 3.17 – 0.1652
oxidation and must act as anode. = 3.0047 V
Ag electrode have higher tendency to 18. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 1
undergo reduction so must act as cathode.
Hence, Topic: Depression in Freezing Point and Ideal
Anode: Ni | Ni2+ Solutions
Cathode: Ag+ | Ag ✔ (A) Give reason (1m)
(B) (a) 3.0047V ✔ (B) Give reason (0.5m)
Explanation: The reaction is: ✔ (C) Give reason. (0.5m)
A(s) + 2B+ (1×10–3M) → A+2(0.4 M) + 2B(s) (Any two)

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 (A) Aquatic species are more comfortable in OR
cold water because the solubility of
oxygen decreases with decreasing the MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 6
temperature, which means there is more Topic: Chemical Properties
dissolved oxygen in cold water.
✔ Reaction in each. (0.5m+0.5m)
(B) In winter, salt (usually NaCl or CaCl2) is ✔ Reactants product in each. (0.5m+0.5m)
spread on icy roads. The salt lowers the
freezing point of water, causing the ice to (A) CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—Cl + alc. KOH
melt even when the temperature is below
CH3—CH2—CH==CH2 + KCl + H2O
0°C. This is an example of depression in
But-1-ene
freezing point.
(B) 2, 4, 6-Trinitrochlorobenzene under mild
(C) Ethylene glycol or propylene glycol is
hydrolysis conditions (H2O/323 K) gives 2,
added to the water in car radiators. These
4, 6-trinitrophenol or picric acid.
substances lower the freezing point and
raise the boiling point of the coolant, NO2 NO2
preventing it from freezing in winter and
H2O
boiling in summer. Cl NO2
333 K
HO NO2

19. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 2

NO2 NO2
2, 4, 6-Trinitrochlorobenzene 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenol
Topic: Applications of Electrode Potential (Picric acid)

✔ Reason + correct order (1m+1m)

21. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 7
The lower the reduction electrode potential, the
stronger is the reducing agent. Therefore, the Topic: Alcohol

increasing order of the reducing power of the ✔ (A) Write the correct product & mechanism.
(0.5m+0.5m)
given metals is:
✔ (B) Write the correct product & mechanism.
Ag < Hg < Cr < Mg < K. (0.5m+0.5m)

20. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 6 The given reactions are the type of

Topic: Conversions rearrangment reactions called the pinacol-
✔ Do conversions (0.5m+0.5m) pinacolone rearrangment. Therefore, the
✔ Write products. (0.5m+0.5m) product formed in given reactions are:
Peroxide +
(A) CH3—CH==CH2 + HF → (A) HO OH HO OH₂
H₂SO₄
Prop-1-ene H Et H Et

CH3—CH2—CH2—F
O H–O
1-Fluoropropane
Et
+ Et

Me Me H
Cl Cl
'X'

(B) Anhyd. AlCl3AlCl3

Anhyd.
+ CH Cl 3Cl
+3CH  
Chloromethane
Chloromethane (B)
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene
CH3CH3 CH3CH3 'Y'
1 1 1 1
Caution
2 Cl2 Cl 2 2
+ + + HCl
+ HCl
3 3  Students might get confused in the migration

2-Chloro toluene
2-Chloro toluene
4 4
of atoms in pinacol-pinacolon rearrangements
Cl Cl
(o-Chlorotoluene)
(o-Chlorotoluene) 4-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
reaction. The correct order of migrating group is H >
(p-Chlorotoluene)
(p-Chlorotoluene) aryl > alkyl.

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 SECTION - C
22. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 3 23. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 3
Topic: Pseudo first order reaction Topic: Order of the Reaction and the Rate
✔ (A) Define (1m) Constant
✔ (B) Prove (1m) ✔ (A) Calculate (1m)
✔ (C) Calculate (1m) ✔ (B) Write order of the reaction. (1m)

Tip: Show calculation step-wise to gain full

✔ (C) Write the factors (1m)
marks.
(A) Rate constant = 3.5 × 10–5 L mol–1 s–1
(A) A pseudo first-order reaction can be defined Unit of rate constant = L mol–1 s–1
as a second-order or bimolecular reaction Unit of second order = L mol–1 s–1
that is made to behave like a first-order Thus, it is the second order reaction.
reaction. (B) For zero order reaction the rate law will be:
(B) For t = 30s R = k[A]0
Unit of rate constant = mol L–1 s–1
2.303 [A ]
k= log 0 Unit of zero order = mol L–1 s–1
t [A] (C) Factors affecting the rate of the reaction
are:
2.303 0.60
k1 = log (i) Concentration of reactants
30 0.30 (ii) Temperature
(iii) Presence of a catalyst
2.303
k1 = × log 2 (iv) Surface area
30

k1 =
2.303
× 0.3010 sec–1
24. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 9
30
Topic: Chemical Properties
k1 = 2.31×10–2 sec–1
✔ Explain the statements in each case.
For t = 60s (1m+1m+1m)
2.303 0.60 Keywords: Salt, resonance, stability.
k2 = log
60 0.15 Tip: Give reaction in each case to gain full marks.

2.303
k2 = × log 4 (A) Aniline does not undergo Friedal –Crafts
60
reaction due to salt formation with
2.303 anhydrous AlCl3 (Lewis acid), aniline
k2 = × 2 log 2
60 acquires positive charge and hence, acts
2.303×2×0.3010 as a strong deactivating group for further
k2 =
60 reaction. Thus, it does not undergo Friedal –
k2 = 2.31 × 10–2 sec–1 Crafts reaction.
+
As k is constant in both the readings, hence : NH2 NH2 AlCl–3
it is a pseudo first order reaction.
+ AlCl3
∆[R]
(C) Rate = – , Strong lewis
∆t Aniline
acid
Average rate between 30 to 60 seconds,
(B) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are
– (0.15 – 0.30) more stable than those of aliphatic amines
=
60 – 30 due to the resonance, there is dispersal of
the positive charge on the benzene ring,
0.15
= which in turn accounts for the stability of
30
the diazonium ion and this is not found in
= 0.5 × 10–2 mol L–1 sec–1
the aliphatic diazonium salts.

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 NN N=N N=N (C)
CH3—CH—CH2—CH3 + NaOH(aq)

—
Br
CH3—CH—CH2—CH3 + NaBr

—
OH
OR
NN N=N
MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 6
Topic: Chemical Properties
✔ (A) Identify mechanism + give reason (1m+1m)
(C) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred ✔ (B) Write effect. (0.5m+ 0.5m)
for synthesising primary amines only
because this synthesis results in the (A) The given reaction follow SN2 mechanism
formation of the pure primary (1°) because the configuration of the product is
amines without any contamination of opposite to that of the reactant (inversion
secondary and tertiary amines. Thus, a of configuration takes place).
primary aliphatic amine is obtained, when (B) (i) When the concentration of NaOH is
potassium phthalimide reacts with alkyl reduced by half, the rate of reaction also
halide (R-X) on the alkaline hydrolysis. reduces by half.
O O (ii) When concentration of 2-bromooctane
KOH (alc) is reduced by half then rate of reaction
N–H N – + C₂H₅ – I
– H₂O
– KI also reduces by half.
O O
+ –H
O .. Related Theory
OH O
+
 The rate law for an SN2 reaction is:
.. +
H /H ₂O
N – C₂H₅ N – C₂H₅ N – C₂H₅ Rate = k [Substrate] [Nucleophile]
O O 26. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 1
..
H₂O .. Topic: Osmotic Pressure
OH
+
OH
N – C₂H₅
✔ Give calculation (3m)
N – C ₂H₅ OH Tip: Do not miss steps in order to gain full marks.
–O OH O
NaNO3 dissociates in solution as
NaNO3  Na+ + NO3–
–O OH O
..
NHC₂H₅ H₂O NHC₂H₅ Initially: 1 mol – –
COOH
OH
At equilibrium: (1 – a) a a
O ∴ Total number of moles in solution
O
= 1 – a + a + a
OH
OH
+ C₂H₅ – NH₂ = 1 + a
O No. of moles in solution
van't Hoff factor, i =
No. of moles added
25. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 6 1+ α
= =1+ α
Topic: Chemical Properties 1
✔ Reaction in each case. (1m+1m+1m) Since the given salt dissociates 90% in the
solution,
(A) CH3—CH2—CH==CH2 + HBr 90
Peroxide
a=
CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—Br 100
(B) = 0.9
Hence, for the given salt,
CH3 CH2
i=1+a
— —

— —

Ethanol
CH3—C—Br + KOH CH3—C + KBr + H2O = 1 + 0.9 = 1.9
CH3 CH3 For the given solution, mass of solute = 0.85 g

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 0.85 (A) Carbonyl group undergoes nucleophillic
\ Moles of solute added = = 0.01
85 addition reaction with Grignard reagent to
(Molecular mass of NaNO3 form an adduct which undergoes hydrolysis
= 23 + 14 + 48 = 85) to give alcohol in the following manner:
Volume of solution = 100 mL = 0.1 L + +
– H₃O
According to the modified equation of osmotic
C = O + R – Mg – X C — O MgX

pressure, – +
R MgX
R Adduct

pV = inRT C — OH + Mg (OH) X

i nRT R
p=
V (B) The mechanism of dehydration of ethanol
1.9×0.01×0.0821×300 involves the following steps:
=
0.1
Step 1: Formation of protonated alcohol.
= 4.68 atm
H H H H H
Hence, the osmotic pressure of the given fast
H C C O H + H H C C O H
solution is 4.68 atm.
H H H H
Ethanol Protonated alcohol
27. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 9 (Ethyl oxonium ion)

Topic: Preparation of amines Step 2: Formation of carbocation: It is the

✔ Write structures of A, B and C slowest and rate determining step.
(0.5m+0.5m+0.5m) H H H H H
✔ Write the common names of A, B and C H C C O H
Slow
H C C + H2O
(0.5m+0.5m+0.5m) H H H H
The data shows that C6H7N may be C6H5NH2 Step 3: Formation of ethene by elimination
i.e., aniline. Since it is obtained by heating of a proton.
with Br2 and KOH (Hoffmann bromamide
H H H H
reaction), then the compound ‘B’ is Benzamide H C C C =C +H
C6H5CONH2 which is in turn obtained by H H
H H
reaction with aqueous ammonia then Ethene
the compound ‘A’ can be benzoic acid i.e., (C) Acid catalysed hydration: Alkenes react with
C6H5COOH
water in the presence of acid as catalyst to
form alcohols.
Mechanism: It involves the following three
Benzoic Ammonium Benzamide
acid benzoate steps:
(B)
(A) Step 1: Protonation of alkene to form
NH2
carbocation by electrophilic attack of H3O+
Br2 + KOH (aq) H2O + H+ → H3O+
Ho mann Bromamide H
reaction H H H H
C C + H O H H C C + H2O
Aniline H H H
(C6 H7 N) H
(C)
Step 2: Nucleophillic attack of water on
Thus, A-Benzoic acid, B-Benzamide, C-Aniline.
carbocation.
28. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 7
H
+
H
H H H
H C C + H2O H C C O H
Topic: Chemical Properties H H H
H
✔ (A) Explain (1m)
Step 3: Deprotonation to form an alcohol.
✔ (B) Explain (1m)
✔ (C) Explain (1m)
H
H
C
H
C
H
O H + H2O H
H OH
C C H + H3O
Tip: Give stepwise mechanism to gain full marks.
H H H H

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 SECTION - D
to the shape in which a long polypeptide
29. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 10
chain can exist.
Topic: Carbohydrates and Proteins
✔ (A) One example (1m) 30. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 5
OR
(A) Write reaction and product name. Topic: Werner's Theory of Co-ordination
(0.5m+0.5m) Compounds
✔(B) Example in each (0.5m+0.5m) ✔ (A) Explain (2m)
✔(C) l Name of the carbohydrate
✔ (B) Choose the correct option (1m)
l Define (1m+1m)
✔ (C) Choose the correct option (1m)
(A) Glucose OR
Detailed Answer: Glucose is an aldohexose (C) Choose the correct option (1m)
since it contains six carbon atoms.
OR (A) Following the development of the black
(A) Glucose on reaction with NH2OH forms and white film, the exposed silver halide
the glucose oxime and undergoes the crystals, typically silver bromide, or AgBr,
condensation reaction as shown by the go through a chemical process that yields
reaction given below: metallic silver. Not every silver bromide
CHO CH = N-OH crystal is exposed to light and turns into
| | metallic silver. It is necessary to remove
(CHOH)4 + NH2OH 
→ (CHOH)4
some of the silver bromide that hasn't
| |
CH2OH CH2OH broken down from the produced film. To
Glucoxime
do this, the film is cleaned using a fixing
solution that includes a hypo solution
(B) (i) Haemoglobin (sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3). The non-
Detailed Answer: Haemoglobin is the decomposed silver bromide is dissolved
complex globular protein made up of by the hypo solution to produce a soluble
globules structure of 4 sub units. complex ion. The interaction between the
(ii) Fibroin thiosulfate ions in the hypo solution and
the silver bromide forms this complex ion,
Detailed Answer: Fibroin has the sheet
Ag(S2O3)2]3.
like structure made up of long chain of
polypeptide chains thus, it is a fibrous (B) (b) K[Au(CN)2]
protein. OR
(C) (i) Glucose is also known as dextrose. (B) (a) magnesium
(ii) The secondary structure of protein refers (C) (c) cis-platin

SECTION - E
the carbonyl group. And acetaldehyde will
31. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 8
undergo aldol condensation and will from
Topic: Chemical Properties of Carbonyl CH3–CH = CH–CHO (but-2-enal)
Compounds O
✔ (A) Identify product + give justification (1m+1m) (B) (i) CH CH + H2O
H2SO4
CH3 C H
✔ (B) Do conversions
HgSO4
(1m+1m) Acetylene [O]
✔ (C) Give IUPAC name. (1m) CH3COOH
(A) Since compound X undergoes the iodoform Acetic acid

reaction, it has a methyl group linked to the (ii)

carbonyl group. Also compound X gives a CH3
Na2Cr2O7
COOH
HNO3
COOH
positive Tollens' test so, it is an aldehyde. H2SO4 H2SO4

Therefore compound ‘X’ is acetaldehyde Toluene Benzoic acid

NO2
(ethanal) with a methyl group linked to m-Nitrobenzoic acid

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 OR (ii) Inductive effect and the steric effect
makes the aldehydes more reactive than
Ch 8 ketones in the nucleophilic reactions.
MARKS BREAKDOWN
R + – R + –
Topic: Chemical & Physical Properties of C O C O
Carbonyl Compounds H R
✔ (A) Write product. (1m) (More Polar) (Less Polar)
✔ (B) Write product. (1m)
✔ (C) Give product. (1m) Presence of more alkyl groups (–R)
✔ (D) Arranye (1m) in ketones hinders the attack of
✔ (E) Define + Write use. (0.5m+ 0.5m) nucleophiles on the carbonyl group and
(A) CH3 thus, the ketones are less reactive than
CH3
aldehydes.
O O
O (B) (i) Ketones react with semi carbazide to
+ 2C2H5OH
Acid catalyst
+ H2O give semi carbazone which is the white
solid.
Cyclohexanone 1, 1-Diethoxycyclohexanone
O
R
(B) O OH CN C O + H 2N —N —C —NH2 

R
H
+ HCN Ketone Semi carbazide

Cyclohexanone Cyanohydrin O
R
(C) The presence of oxygen with its non- C N —N —C —NH2 + H2O
bonding electron pairs makes acetone R
hydrogen-bond acceptors, hence a better H
Semi carbazone
bonding with water molecules resulting ( White solid)
in increased water solubility relative to
hydrocarbons, like 2-methyl propene in this (ii) Acetone reacts with conc. H2SO4. to give
case. 1, 3, 5-trimethyl benzene.
(D) The compounds in their increasing order of
acidity would be:
CH3CH2COOH < HCOOH < BrCH2COOH <
FCH2COOH
(E) Tollen's reagent is ammoniacal solution
of silver (I) nitrate. When reacted with Acetone 1, 3, 5-Trimethyl benzene
aldehydes it oxidises aldehydes to
(C) Acetic acid is produced in the fermentation
corresponding acids and in turn silver ion
reduces to silver metal giving a shiny film process of vinegar-making through the
of silver metal on the test tube wall, which oxidation of ethanol (alcohol) by acetic
confirms the presence of aldehyde group in acid bacteria called Acetobacter.
analyte organic compound. OR
32. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 8
MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 8
Topic: Chemical Properties
✔ (A) Explain in each (1m + 1m) Topic: Chemical Properties
✔ (B) Reaction and product name (1m + 1m) ✔ (A) Explain (i) and (ii) with reactions.
✔ (C) Elaborate  (1m) (0.5m + 0.5m)
Keywords: ethanol, acetic and bacteria, ✔ (B) Structure of X, Y, Z and W.
l

acetobacter. (0.5m + 0.5m + 0.5m + 0.5m)

l Chemical equations involved. (2m)
(A) (i) Formaldehyde is a reducing agent. It
gives silver mirror test with tollen’s (A) (i) Wolff-Kishner reduction: The
reagent. reduction of aldehydes and ketones to
O the corresponding hydrocarbons by
||
H—C—H + 2[Ag(NH3)2+] + 2OH– → heating them with hydrazine and KOH
Formaldehyde Silver mirror or potassium tert-butoxide in a high
 2Ag + 4NH3 + HCOO– + 2H2O boiling solvent like ethylene glycol is
Acetic acid do not give this test. called Wolff-Kishner reduction.

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 CH3COCH3
NH2NH2/KOH
CH3CH2CH3 unpaired d electrons, which undergoes d-d
glycol, 453–473K
Acetone Propane transition by absorption of energy from
(ii) Aldol condensation: In this reaction, two visible region and then the emitted light
molecules of aldehydes or ketones shows complementary colours.
containing a-hydrogen atoms (B) Manganese exhibits highest oxidation
on treatment with dil. NaOH of +7 among 3d series of transition
undergoes condensation to form elements because all the oxidation states
β-hydroxyaldehydes or β-hydroxy are exhibited from +2 to +7 by Mn and
ketones. no other element of this series show this
CHO
O
C
CH₃
HO O highest state of oxidation.

+
Dil NaOH (C) Cr2+ has the configuration 3d4 which easily
changes to d3 due to stable half-filled
Benzaldehyde Acetophenone +

t2g orbitals. Therefore, Cr2+ is reducing

H , heat
–H₂O
agent while Mn2+ has stable half-filled d5
O
configuration. Hence, Mn3+ easily changes
to Mn2+ and acts as oxidising agent.
1, 3 – Diphenylprop – 2-en –1 – one (D) The number of molecules or atoms, which
(B) ‘X’ gives characteristic odour which surrounds a central atom in a complex
on treatment with NaOH forms two
compounds ‘Y’ and ‘Z’ or compound is known as coordination
CHO number of that central metal atom. The
structure of compaund pyCrO(O2)2 is:

∴ (X) should be benzaldehyde
O
O O
Cr
Reactions: O O
(i) py
CHO CH2OH COONa
Therefore, the coordination number of Cr in
+
this complex is six
+ NaOH
OR
(X) (Y) (Z)
CH2OH CHO
MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 4
(ii) CrO3 Topic: Properties of Transition Elements

(Y)
or PCC
(X)
✔ Explain + Reason (1m+1m+1m+1m+1m)

COONa (A) From titanium to copper the atomic size of

elements decreases and mass increases as
(iii) CaO +Na2CO 3
+ NaOH
∆ a result density increases.
(Z) (W) (B) The catalytic properties of the transition
elements are due to the presence of
33. MARKS BREAKDOWN Ch 4 unpaired electrons in their incomplete
Topic: Properties of Transition Elements d-orbitals and variable oxidation states.
✔ (A) Explain + Reason (1m) (C) In this reaction the complex formed is.
Value points: Sc + 3NaOH + 3H2O → Na3[Sc(OH)6] +
(to get full marks)
l Unpaired d-electrons. 1
H2
l d-d transition. 2
✔ (B) Explain + Reason (1m)
✔ (C) Explain + Reason (1m) The oxidation state of Sc in this complex is
✔ (D) Explain + Reason + give structure (1m+1m) + 3.
(A) Transition metals generally form coloured The electronic of configuration of Sc = [Ar]
compounds because of the presence of 4s2 3d1

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 The electronic configuration of Sc+3 = [Ar] (E) In the first transition series, the first
4s0 3d0 and second ionisation enthalpy values
increases slowly from left to right with
Therefore, the magnetic moment of this certain irregularities. As the nuclear charge
complex is zero. increases, the attraction between the
nucleus and outer electron increases due
(D) Metal-metal bonding is more frequent to which the ionisation enthalpy increases.
for the 4d and the 5d series of transition However, the electron is added to (n-1)d
metals than that for the 3d series as these subshell, the screening effect increases.
Thus, the increase in the nuclear charge is
have their electrons of outer most shell
opposed by the increase in the screening
at greater distance from the nucleus, as effect. Hence, the ionisation enthalpy
compared to atoms of 3d transition metals. values slowly increases.

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