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Matrix

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19 views4 pages

Matrix

Uploaded by

harishprincym2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATRIX

A matris is a rectangular array of numbers or symbol for numbers


arranged in rows and columns.
L In mathematical terms, Matrices (plural of matrix) are rectangular or, square tables whosc
ckments are written in order in the form of rows and coumns.
ii. Matrices are usualy represented by the capital ktters of Englhish alphabets ie. A, B, C, D, E...
and thei numbers are shown by small letters of English alphabets ie. a, b, c, d, e...
ii. Horontal entries in matri are calkd ts Ros. (de noted by i).
iv. Whik vertical entries are calkd is columas, (de noted by D.
V. Though í s not nccessary that a matrix shoukd have cqual number of rows and cokumns, but it is
necessary that number of members in different rows or cokumns shoukd be cqual
vi. Foreample: if the numbes in members in the fist row ofa matrix is 3 then the numbers of
ckments in all other rows wil be 3. Similarty if there are 2ekments in first cokumn of a mutrix
then all other columns of the same matris will abo have 2 cements.
Numbes of rows and cokuns in a mmtris represent the order or
dimesion ofa mutri
For Fxample: if the rumber of rows in a matris is m and the runber of coks be n then order
or dimesion of matris wil be Mn.
Renember that order m xn does not mean the product of "m" and n". It's read as "m by n.

ie. orderofmatrs no. ofros Xno. ofcolumns

and B= no, of rows s 2 x no, ofcolumn is ako 2.


Hence order af matrikes Aand Bh2 x 2.

no, of rom is 2 n, of colun is I.


Hence order af matris Chl 2. Hence order af matrin Dih2 I.

KINDS OFA MATRICES:

1) ROW MATRIX:
Amatrix consst of only one row acoluo is caled row matri.
Exampkes are the following

A-[ 25 9 Jorderis I4. 2Jorderhi*1.


2) COLUMN MATRIX:
A matriN consists of only onc cokun and m rows s called eokumn matri
Exampes are the following

7order is 2 1. order ia 21.


c2 Jarder ki
3) SOUARE MATRIX: Amatrix in which the numbers of rows is equal to the number of
cokumn is called square natrin.
Examples are the following:
1 -2
order is 2*2.

4) RECTANGULAR MATRIX: Amatris in which the numbers of rows is not cqual to


the number of coumn is called square matrix.

na, of rows h 2 na, of calunn s I. na. of res is Ix na of column is 2.


5) DIAGONAL MATRIX: Asquare mutri in which al the clements is zero U", except
diagonal clements is called dugonal atrix
Consider a square matris ckements a,l, as2, ayl. calkd its diagonal clements.

A=

6) UNIT OR IDENTITY MATRIX:

"A square matrix in which their dagonal ckemcnt is cqual to onc (w.r.t mukiplcation) and cvery
non diagonal ekment is equal to zero s called diagonal matris"
Issually denoted by I. Example are the folwing
1 0 0

I-|0 1 0

7) ZERONULL MATRIX: Asquare or, rectanguar matrix in which their al the ckment s
cqual to ero is calked ero or null matriK.
- Its usualy denoted by letter "0" of English aphabet. Examples are the folowing

8) SCALAR MATRIX: Asquare matrix in which the dagonal clements are the same is
called scaar matri.
- Examples are the folkowing
A B

9) NEGATIVE OF MATRIX:

- "Ifthe signs of al the ckmcnts of a matrix are changed thcn ncw mutrix are formcd is calkd
negative of the matrix or, addtive inverse of the mutrix".
Eampes are the foliowing

then

-[)
10) TRANSPOSE OF MATRIX: The transpose of a matrix is cbtaincd by interchanging
rows and cokumns are callkd transpose of the matrix.
-t s usually denoted by A' or A. Ifthe order of matrix is mxn new matriv obtaincd order
is nxm called transpose of the matrik. Examplk are the folowing
-7

11)ADJOINT OF MATRIX: The adjpint of amatrik is obtained by interchanging the


princ iple diagonal ckements postions and the signs of the second diagonal clements.

Adj A

12) DETERMINANT OF MATRIX: The determinant of amatrix is obtaincd by


multiply ing the principal dagonal clemcnts and subtracts th second diagonal ckments.
-The determinant of matrix contains exactly the same ekments as its real matrix. The only
difference is that of the clemcnts of matrix are written inside a square bracket while in casc of
determinants two vertical linc segments| I used instcad of brackets.

then, IA=ad -be

13) SINGULAR & NON SINGULAR MATRIX: Irthe vakue of deteminant of square
matrix s ero caled singubr matrix or not cqual to zero known as non singuar matri

4
then IA= IA=2 x 8-4x4= 16- 16
4 8
0 (is singular matrin)

1 2

IB|x4-2 x3 =4-6
-2#0 (s non singular matri)

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