Example 6.

2 : Simply supported beam (Flange) page 1 /8

Ref. Calculations Output

SPECIFICATION

1 2 3
3500 2500

A
250 x 600
2000

250 x 500
B
300 x 600

300 x 600
250 x 500
6000

Brickwall
3 m height

C
250 x 600
All units in mm
Slab thickness = 100 mm
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m
2
Weight of brickwork = 2.6 kN/m
Characteristic Actions:
2
Finishes etc. = 1.5 kN/m
2
Variable, q k = 3.0 kN/m
Materials :
Characteristic strength of concrete, f ck = = 25 N/mm2
2
Characteristic strength of steel, f yk = 500 N/mm
2
Characteristic strength of link, f yk = 500 N/mm
Nominal concrete cover = 30 mm
Assumed:  bar 1 = 25 mm
 bar 2 = 12 mm
 link = 6 mm

Design beam 2/B-C

Example 6.2 : Simply supported beam (Flange) page 2 /8

Ref. Calculations Output

5.3.2.1 BEAM SIZE

beff
bw = 250 mm
hf hf = 100 mm
h = 500 mm
h
b1 = 1612.5 mm
b2 = 1112.5 mm
lo = 6000 mm
bw

b eff,i = 0.2b i + 0.1l o ≤ 0.2l o

0.2b 1 + 0.1l o = 923 mm 0.2l o = 1200 mm
0.2b 2 + 0.1l o = 823 mm
b eff,1 = 923 mm b eff,2 = 823 mm
b = b1 + b2 + bw = 2975 mm
Effective flange width,
b eff =  b eff, i + b w ≤ b
= 923 + 823 + 250 = 1995 mm < b
= 1995 mm

LOADING
Loads on slab:
2
Self- weight = 25 x 0.1 = 2.50 kN/m
2
Finishes etc. = 1.50 kN/m
2
Chac. permanent load, g k = 4.00 kN/m
Chac. variable load, q k = 3.00 kN/m2

Loads on beam 2/B-C:

3500 2500
2000
6000

w1 w2
Example 6.2 : Simply supported beam (Flange) page 3 /8

Ref. Calculations Output

Distribution of load from slabs to beam are as follows;

Panel B-C/2-3 : Ly/Lx = 6/2.5 = 2.4 > 2.0, one-way slab.
==> Shear coefficient ,  v = 0.50
Table 3.15: Panel B-C/1-2 : L y/L x = 6/3.5 = 1.71 < 2.0, two-way slab.
BS 8110 ==> Shear coefficient ,  v = 0.5652

Characteristic permanent load :

Beam self-weight,
wo = 0.25 (0.50 - 0.10)x 25 = 2.50 kN/m
w 1 =  vnL x = 0.57 x 4.00 x 3.50 = 7.91 kN/m
w 2 =  vnL x = 0.50 x 4.00 x 2.50 = 5.00 kN/m
Brickwall, w 3 = 2.6 x 3.0 = 7.8 kN/m
Gk = 23.21 kN/m
Characteristic variable load :
w 1 =  vnL x = = 0.57 x 3.00 x 3.50 = 5.93 kN/m
w 2 =  vnL x = = 0.50 x 3.00 x 2.50 = 3.75 kN/m
Qk = 9.68 kN/m

Total design load on beam 2/B-C,

w = 1.35G k + 1.5Q k = 45.86 kN/m

ANALYSIS

w = 45.86 kN/m

L = 6.00 m

Shear Force,
V = w L /2
= 137.6 kN

Bending Moment,
2
M = w L /8
M = 206.4 kNm
Example 6.2 : Simply supported beam (Flange) page 4 /8

Ref. Calculations Output

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,
d = h - C nom -  link - 0.5 bar = 451.5 mm

M Ed = 206.4 kNm
Mf = 0.567 f ckbh f (d - 0.5h f)
= 0.567 x 25 x 1995 x 100 ( 451.5 - 50)
= 1135 kNm
M Ed < Mf Neutral axis within the flange
2
K = M Ed / f ckbd
6 2
= 206 x 10 / ( 25 x 1995 x 451.5)
= 0.020
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K /1.134) ] = 0.98 d

Area of tension reinforcement

As = M Ed / 0.87 f yk z
6
= 206.4 x 10 (0.87x 500 x 0.95 x 451.5)
2
= 1106 mm

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, Use : 3H 25

2
A s,min = 0.26(f ctm/f yk) bd ( 1473 mm )
= 0.26 (2.56 / 500) bd
= 0.0013 bd Use = 0.0013 bd
2
= 0.0013 x 250 x451.5 = 151 mm
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 bh
2
= 0.04 x 250 x 500 = 5000 mm

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Design shear force,
V Ed = 137.6 kN

6.2.3 Concrete strut capacity

V Rd, max = 0.36b wdf ck(1 - f ck/250) / (cot  + tan  )
= (0.36x 250 x 452 x 25 (1- 25/250 )
(cot  + tan  )
= 318 kN  = 22 deg cot = 2.5
= 457 kN  = 45 deg cot = 1.0
V Ed < V Rd, max cot = 2.5
V Ed < V Rd, max cot = 1.0
 Therefore angle  < 22o
Example 6.2 : Simply supported beam (Flange) page 5 /8

Ref. Calculations Output

θ = 0.5sin -1 [V Ed / 0.18b wdf ck(1- f ck/250)]

3
= 0.5sin -1 138 x 10
0.18 x 250 x 452 x 25(1 - 25/250 )
-1 o
= 0.5sin {0.30} = 8.8
Use : θ = 22.0 o
tan = 0.40 cot = 2.48

Shear links
A sw / s = V Ed / 0.78f ykd cot
3
= 137.6 x 10 / (0.78x 500 x 452 x 2.48)
= 0.316
2
Try link : H6 A sw = 57 mm
Spacing, s = 57 / 0.316
= 179 mm Use :
9.2.2 (6) Max. spacing, s max = 0.75d = 0.75 x 452 = 339 mm H6 - 175

9.2.2(5) Minimum links

A sw / s = 0.08f ck1/2b w / f yk
1/2
= 0.08 x (25) x 250 / 500
= 0.200
2
Try link : H6 A sw = 57 mm
Spacing, s = 57 / 0.20 Use :
= 283 mm < 0.75d = 339 mm H6 - 275

Shear resistance of minimum links

Vmin = (A sw/s )(0.78df yk cot  )
= (57 / 275) x (0.78 x 452 x 500 x 2.5)
= 90 kN

Links arrangement

138kN x = (138 - 90) / 45.9

90kN = 1.05 m

x
90kN
138kN
H6 - 175 H6 - 275 H6 - 175
1.05 m 3.91 m 1.05 m
Example 6.2 : Simply supported beam (Flange) page 6 /8

Ref. Calculations Output

6.2.4 Transverse steel in the flange

The longitudinal shear stresses are the greatest over a distance
x measured from the point of zero moment.
x = 0.5(L /2) = (L /4) = 6000 / 4 = 1500 mm
The change in moment over distance x from zero moment,
M = (wL /2)(L /4) - (wL /4)(L /8) = 3wL 2/32
= 3 x 46 x 6.0 2 / 32 = 154.79 kNm
The change in longitudinal force,
F d = [M / (d - 0.5h f)]x[(b - b w)/2b ]
3
= 154.79 x 10 (1995- 250)
x
(452 - 50) (2 x 1995)
= 169 kN
Longitudinal shear stress
v Ed = DF d / (h f Dx )
3
= 169 x10 / (100 x 1500)
2
= 1.12 N/mm
2
6.2.4(6) v Ed > 0.27f ctk = 0.27 x 1.80 = 0.48 N/mm
Transverse shear reinforcement is required

Concrete strut capacity in the flange

v Ed.max = 0.4f ck(1 - f ck/250) / (cot  + tan  )
= (0.40x 25 (1- 25/250 )
(cot  + tan  )
2 o
= 3.59 N/mm  = 26.5 cot = 2.0
2 o
= 4.50 N/mm  = 45 cot = 1.0
v Ed < v Ed, max cot = 2.0
v Ed < v Ed, max cot = 1.0
 Therefore angle  < 26.5 o

θ = 0.5sin -1 [v Ed / 0.2f ck(1- f ck/250)]

= 0.5sin -1 1.12
0.20 x 25(1 - 25/250 )
-1
= 0.5sin {0.25} = 7.23 o
Use : θ = 26.5
o tan = 0.50 cot = 2.0

Transverse shear reinforcement

A sf / s f = v Ed h f / 0.87f ykcot 
= 1.12 x 100 / (0.87x 500 x 2.0)
= 0.13
2
Try: H8 A sf = 50 mm
Spacing, s f = 50 / 0.13 = 390 mm
Example 6.2 : Simply supported beam (Flange) page 7 /8

Ref. Calculations Output

9.2.1.1 Minimum transverse steel area,

A s,min = 0.26(f ctm/f yk) bh f
= 0.26 (2.56 / 500) bh f
= 0.0013 bh f Use = 0.0013 bh f Use :
= 0.0013 x 1000 x100.0 H8 - 300
2 2
= 133 mm /m (168 mm /m)

6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force,
F td = 0.5V Ed cot 
= 0.5 x 138 x 2.48
= 170 kN

6
M E d,max /z = 206.4 x 10 / 428.9
= 481 kN > F td

As req. = F td / 0.87f yk To be added to the A s

3
= 170 x 10 / (0.87x 500) near support (after
2 curtailment)
= 391 mm

7.4 DEFLECTION
Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
 = A s,req / bd
= 1106 / 250 x 452 = 0.010
Reference reinforcement ratio,
1/2 -3
  = (f ck) 1/2 x 10-3 = (25) x10 = 0.005
Percentage of required compression reinforcement,
 ' = A s ' ,req / bd
= 0 / 250 x 452 = 0.000
Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
 >  Use equation (2)

l    
3/ 2

 K 11  1 . 5 f ck o  3 . 2 f ck  o  1   (1)
d      

l  o 1 ' 
 K 11  1 .5 f ck  f ck  (2)
d     ' 12  

= 1.0 (11 + 3.83+ 0.00) = 14.83

Therefore basic span-effective depth ratio, l /d = 14.83
Example 6.2 : Simply supported beam (Flange) page 8 /8

Ref. Calculations Output

Modification factor for flange width, b /b w > 3

= 0.8
Modification factor for span less than 7 m
= 1.0
Modification factor for steel area provided,
= A s,prov/A s,req = 1473 / 1106 = 1.33 <1.5
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,
(l /d )allowble = 14.83 x 0.80 x 1.00 x 1.33 = 15.8
Actual span-effective depth
(l /d )actual = 6000 / 451.5 = 13.3 < (l /d )allowble Ok !

7.3 CRACKING
Table 7.1N Limiting crack width, w max = 0.3 mm
Steel stress,
f yk G k  0 .3Qk As, req 1
fs  x
1. 15 (1 .35G k  1 .5Q k ) As, prov 
= (500 / 1.15)x [(23.2 +(0.3x 9.7)) / 45.9] x 0.8
2
= 214 N/mm
Table 7.3N Max. allowable bar spacing = 200 mm s s
Bar spacing,
s = [ 250 - 2(30) - 2(6) - (25) ] / 2
= 76.5 mm < 200 mm Ok !

DETAILING
Reinforcement at support
Note:
A s,req near support is 25% A s,req at midspan
2
= 0.25 x 1106 = 277 mm
2
Add A s for longitudinal shear 391 mm
2
Total A s,req near support = 668 mm
2
Use : 2H 25 ( 982 mm )

H6-175 H6-275 H6-175

H8-300