PMT

Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2019

Pearson Edexcel GCE

In Physics (9PH0)
Paper 02 Advanced Physics II
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June 2019
Publications Code 9PH0_02_MS_1906
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019
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General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the
candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme
to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:

• write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order
to make the meaning clear
• select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex
subject matter
• Organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when
appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in
the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.
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Physics Specific Marking Guidance

Underlying principle
The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded, backed up by
examples. It is not a set of model answers.
For example:
Horizontal force of hinge on table top
66.3 (N) or 66 (N) and correct indication of direction [no ue]
[Some examples of direction: acting from right (to left) / to the left / West /
opposite direction to horizontal. May show direction by arrow. Do not accept a
minus sign in front of number as direction.]
This has a clear statement of the principle for awarding the mark, supported by some
examples illustrating acceptable boundaries.
Mark scheme format
• Bold lower case will be used for emphasis.
• Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. “(hence) distance is
increased”.
• Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not accept
gravity] [ecf].
Unit error penalties
• A separate mark is not usually given for a unit but a missing or incorrect unit will
normally cause the final calculation mark to be lost.
• Incorrect use of case e.g. ‘Watt’ or ‘w’ will not be penalised.
• There will be no unit penalty applied in ‘show that’ questions or in any other question
where the units to be used have been given.
• The same missing or incorrect unit will not be penalised more than once within one
question but may be penalised again in another question.
• Occasionally, it may be decided not to penalise a missing or incorrect unit e.g. the
candidate may be calculating the gradient of a graph, resulting in a unit that is not one
that should be known and is complex.
• The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error penalty is to be applied by means of [no
ue].
Significant figures
• Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures in the theory papers will normally
only be penalised in ‘show that’ questions where use of too few significant figures has
resulted in the candidate not demonstrating the validity of the given answer.
• Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures will normally be penalised in the
practical examinations or coursework.
• Using g = 10 m s-2 will be penalised.
Calculations
• Bald (i.e. no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a ‘show that’
question.
• Rounding errors will not be penalised.
• If a ‘show that’ question is worth 2 marks then both marks will be available for a
reverse working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be available.
• use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of physically
correct values, although there may be conversion errors e.g. power of 10 error.
• recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or implied by
substitution.
• The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.
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Question Acceptable
Additional guidance Mark
Number answer

1 C The only correct answer is C: main sequence – red giant – white dwarf 1
A is not correct because it is white dwarf – red giant – main sequence
B is not correct because it moves along the main sequence from large to small
D is not correct because it moves along the main sequence from small to large
2 B The only correct answer is B: for each spring, ½ force, so ½ extension, so ½ Fx gives ¼ E, so total is ½ E 1
A is not correct because it is the energy for one spring with this extension
C is not correct because it only applies the factor of ½ once
D is not correct because it is the energy for two springs, each with the original extension
3 D The only correct answer is D: the binding energy per nucleon curve shows an increase for both processes 1
A is not correct because both processes show decreases
B is not correct because fission shows a decrease
C is not correct because fusion shows a decrease
4 C The only correct answer is C: mass decrease by 20  5 α, which is a charge decrease of 10, but total charge decrease 1
is 6, so 4 β
A is not correct because there are too few alpha and too many beta
B is not correct because there are too few alpha and too many beta
D is not correct because there are too many beta
5 B The only correct answer is B: light leaving Y is polarised in its plane of polarisation and 135° is perpendicular to the 1
plane of Y, so there will be maximum absorption by filter Z
A is not correct because Z is not perpendicular to the plane of Y so some light is transmitted
C is not correct because Z is not perpendicular to the plane of Y so some light is transmitted
D is not correct because Z is not perpendicular to the plane of Y so some light is transmitted
6 D The only correct answer is D: a wave of greater intensity would still transfer energy at a greater rate which could 1
release photoelectrons at a greater rate even if they could absorb energy continuously
A is not correct because time would be required for absorption of sufficient wave energy
B is not correct because absorption of sufficient wave energy would occur over time
C is not correct because at higher intensities the waves would have higher amplitudes and energy could increase over
time to higher values
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7 C The only correct answer is C: luminosity is proportional to temperature4 which means a 16-fold increase, and 1
luminosity is proportional to area, which is proportional to diameter2, and so means a 4-fold decrease, so there is a 4-
fold increase overall
A is not the correct answer because this only accounts for the decrease due to decreasing diameter
B is not the correct answer because this is the answer obtained if the power applied to temperature is 2 instead of 4
D is not the correct answer because the effect of area is not included
8 B The only correct answer is B: Upthrust is density of fluid × volume of object × g 1
A is not the correct answer because density of object has been used, so this is the gravitational force acting on the
object
C is not the correct answer because this is the resultant force
D is not the correct answer because this is the mean of the magnitude of the forces in A and B
9 D The only correct answer is D: potential is proportional to 1/x 1
A is not correct because electric fields do not cause a force on uncharged particles
B is not correct because the force caused by gravitational field has only ever been shown to be attractive
C is not correct because field strength is inversely proportional to x2
10 D The only correct answer is D: velocity is maximum when displacement is zero, and vice versa, and has positive and 1
negative values since the direction reverses
A is not correct because this shows maximum velocity when it should be minimum and vice versa
B is not correct because this shows maximum velocity when it should be minimum and vice versa
C is not correct because this does not show the change in direction of velocity during an oscillation
(Total for Multiple Choice Questions = 10 marks)
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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
11 Example of calculation
• Use of ΔQ = mcΔθ (1) mass of water = 0.0359 kg – 0.0182 kg = 0.0177 kg
ΔQ = 0.0177 kg × 4190 J kg−1 K−1 × (100 °C − 18 °C)
• … for correct temperature change (1)
= 6100 J
• Use of ΔQ = LΔm (1) ΔQ = (0.0177 kg) × 2.26 × 106 J kg−1
= 40 000 J
• Use of P = E/t (1) P = (6100 J + 40 000 J) / 56 s = 823 W
• It is not transferred faster because: (1)
5
823 (W to water) < 2400 (W to iron)
Or 46 100 (J to water) < 134 400 (J to iron)
Or 19.2 (s to evaporate water at rate of 2400 W) < 56 (s
taken)

(Total for Question 11 = 5 marks)

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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
12(a) Example of calculation
• Use of n = c / v (1) 1.52 = 3.00 × 108 m s−1 / v
1.97 × 108 m s−1 2
• v = 2.0 × 108 m s−1 (1)
12 (b) (i) Other equivalent answers may be given
• the angle of incidence in an (optically) denser medium at (1) 1
which the angle of refraction (in the less dense medium) Do not accept answers stating or implying that the critical
is 90° angle is the smallest angle at which total internal
Or reflection occur, e.g., ‘The smallest angle at which t.i.r.
takes place’, but do not automatically exclude answers on
• the greatest angle of incidence in an (optically) denser the basis of mentioning internal reflection alone without
medium at which there is an emergent ray (into the less the inclusion of ‘total’
dense medium)
‘The greatest angle before t.i.r. takes place’ is not
Or sufficient
• the greatest angle of incidence in an (optically) denser
medium at which there is a refracted ray (in the less dense
medium)
12 (b) (ii) Example of calculation
• Use of sin C = 1 / n (1) sin C = 1/1.52
C = 41.1° 2
• C = 41° (1)
12 (c)
• Light strikes the edges of the long crystals at angles (1)
greater than the critical angle
2
• It is repeatedly totally internally reflected along the
(1)
crystal

(Total for Question 12 = 7 marks)

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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
*13 Guidance on how the mark scheme should be applied: The mark
This question assesses a student’s ability to show a coherent and for indicative content should be added to the mark for lines of
logically structured answer with linkages and fully-sustained reasoning. For example, an answer with five indicative marking
reasoning. points which is partially structured with some linkages and lines
of reasoning scores 4 marks (3 marks for indicative content and
Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how the answer
1 mark for partial structure and some linkages and lines of
is structured and shows lines of reasoning.
reasoning). If there are no linkages between points, the same
five indicative marking points would yield an overall score of 3
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for
marks (3 marks for indicative content and no marks for
indicative content.
linkages).
Number of Number of Max linkage Max final
indicative marks awarded mark available mark
marking for indicative
points seen marking points
in answer
6 4 2 6

5 3 2 5

4 3 1 4

3 2 1 3

2 2 0 2

1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0

The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for
structure and lines of reasoning. 6
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Number of
marks awarded
for structure of
answer and
sustained line of
reasoning
Answer shows a coherent and logical
structure with linkages and fully 2
sustained lines of reasoning
demonstrated throughout
Answer is partially structured with 1
some linkages and lines of reasoning

Answer has no linkages between 0

points and is unstructured

Indicative content

• 720 Hz is the natural frequency of the bowl Do not accept ‘resonant frequency’ for ‘natural frequency’
• The generator/hand causes forced/driven oscillations
• When they don’t match the natural frequency they are quiet
because little/less energy is transferred
• The loudness (at 720 Hz) is because of resonance

• (Resonance occurs when) the driving frequency is

equal/similar to the natural frequency
• (When resonance occurs) there is maximum transfer of
energy so the amplitude is maximum
Or (When resonance occurs) there is maximum transfer of
energy so the amplitude increases
(Total for Question 13 = 6 marks)
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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number

14a • The frequency/wavelength (of a line in the spectrum) (1)

emitted by the star must be measured
• Determine the difference between this
(1) MP2 – accept in terms of difference between measured
frequency/wavelength and that emitted in the lab
frequency/wavelength with average frequency/wavelength
• (The Doppler equation is used to) determine the speed of
the star (relative to the Earth) v/c = Δf/f0 or v/c = Δλ/λ0 (1)

• Clear indication (stated in words or via a formula) that v is

positive/approaching when the frequency has increased and
negative/receding when it has decreased
Or corresponding statement about wavelength (1)
4
For MP3, accept correctly rounded answers in range
bi • Use of ω = 2π/T (1) 6.5 × 10−6 radian s−1 to 6.6 × 10−6 radian s−1
(1)
• For at least 2 full cycles
Example of calculation
−6 −1
• ω = 6.5 × 10 (radian s ) (1) 3
ω = 5 × 2π / (56 × 24 × 60 × 60) s
= 6.49 × 10−6 radian s−1
(1) Example of calculation
bii • Equates F = Gm1m2/r2 and F = mω2r
Or F = Gm1m2/r2 and F = mv2/r with v = 2πr/T (1) r3 = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2 × 0.12 × 1.99 × 1030 kg / (6.5
× 10−6 radian s−1)2
• Correct rearrangement and substitution (e.g. in r3 = Gm1/
(1) 3
ω2) r = 7.2 × 109 m
• r = 7.2 × 109 m (ecf from (b)(i)) ( r = 7.6 × 109 m for ‘show that’ value)
(Total for Question 14 = 10 marks)
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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
15 (a) • Use of v = fλ (1) Example of calculation
• λ = 0.013 m (1) 340 m s−1 = 26.0 kHz × λ
λ = 0.013 m 2
15 (b)
• Two or more waves meet Do not accept sum of amplitudes
(1)
• The (resultant) displacement (at a point) is the sum of the
individual displacements from the individual waves (1) 2
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15 (c) • Wave and reflection will meet (1) Example of calculation

• Superposition / interference occurs (1) λ/2 = 0.013 m / 2
= 0.0065 m
• Where in antiphase, destructive interference (1)
• Zero/minimum amplitude at nodes – so mice won’t
(1)
hear
Either
• But node separation = ½ wavelength = (about) 7
mm (1)
• Too small a space for a mouse to avoid the 6
ultrasound, so suggestion not correct (1)
Or (MP5 and 6)
• Wall absorbs some ultrasound so reflected wave
(1)
has smaller amplitude than incident wave
• Incomplete cancellation, some ultrasound even at (1)
nodes, so suggestion (probably) incorrect
Or (MP5 and 6)
• Waves also arrive from other
walls/floor/ceiling/multiple reflection (1)
• Complete cancellation unlikely so suggestion
(probably) incorrect (1)
Or (MP5 and 6)
• A standing wave will only be formed if the length
of the room is a whole number of half wavelengths
• Otherwise there will be no nodes so no silent spots (1)
where the mouse won’t hear
(1)
(Total for Question 15 = 10 marks)
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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
16(a) • Determine period, T (1) Example of calculation
• Use of T = 2π√(l/g) (1) T = 52.2 s / 8
= 6.53 s
• Subtracts radius of mass (1)
(1) 6.53 s = 2π√(l/9.81 N kg−1)
• Length of wire = 10.3 (m)
Length of pendulum to centre of mass = 10.6 m
Length of wire = 10.6 m − 0.3 m
= 10.3 m 4
16 (b)(i) • Use of (breaking) stress = F/A (1) Example of calculation
For max stress, 3.10 × 108 N m−2 = 28 kg × 9.81 N kg−1/A
• Use of A = π r2 (1)
A = 8.86 × 10-7 m2
• Diameter = 1.06 mm and choose 1.22 mm because 8.86 × 10-7 m2 = π r2
it is the thinnest wire with stress lower than the (1) r = 5.3 × 10-4 m
breaking stress diameter = 1.06 mm 3

16 (b)(ii) • Use of stress = F/A and A = π r2 (ecf for radius Allow ecf for radius of wire chosen in part (b)(i), but not
from (b)(i)) (1) for the calculated radius or area
• Use of Young modulus = stress / strain (1) Example of calculation
and strain = Δx/x (1) stress = 28 kg × 9.81 N kg−1/ π (1.22 × 10-3 m / 2) 2 3
• Extension =1.3 cm strain = 2.34 × 108 Pa / 200 GPa = 0.00117
extension = 0.00117 × 11.2 m = 0.0132 m
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16 (c) • There is (damping due to) air resistance and this

(damping) force is the same for both (since they
have the same shape, area and speed initially) (1)
• For large mass the force due to air resistance
produces a smaller negative acceleration since a =
(1)
F/m
• The speed will decrease less for each swing, so
there is less effect on the amplitude
Or It will take longer for the (maximum) speed to
decrease (to zero) so the pendulum will oscillate for
a longer time (1)

OR
• There is air resistance and the force is the same for
both
• The work done by air resistance per swing is the (1)
same for both masses
(1)
• Initially the larger mass has greater quantity of
energy shared between its kinetic and potential
energy stores, so the proportion of KE transferred 3
to the thermal energy store of the sphere and the
surroundings is less per swing, so there is less effect
on the amplitude
Or Larger mass has greater total energy so fraction
dissipated per swing is smaller so the pendulum
will oscillate for a longer time (1)
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OR
There is air resistance and this force is the same for
both (1)
• For both masses the change in momentum per
swing is the same (1)

• The larger mass has greater initial momentum so it

will take longer for the (maximum) momentum to
decrease (to zero) so the pendulum will oscillate for
(1)
a longer time

(Total for Question 17 = 13 marks)

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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
17 (a) • Use of lens equation 1/f = 1/v + 1/u (1) Example of calculation
1/17.9 mm = 1/v + 1/16.7 mm
• Use of magnification = v/u (1)
(1) v = (-)249 mm
• Magnification = 15 magnification = 249 mm / 16.7 mm
= 14.9 3
17 (b)(i) • The electrons/atoms can only exist in
discrete/specific energy levels (in the sodium
(1)
atoms)

• Electrons/atoms become excited

Or Electrons/atoms move to higher energy levels (1)

• The electrons/atoms then move to lower energy

levels, giving out energy in the form of photons (1)

• The energy of the photon is equal to the energy

(1)
difference between the energy levels

• E = hf and λ = c/f so wavelength depends on the

photon energy accept E = hc / λ
(1)

• There are only certain energy transitions possible

MP6 – Allow reference to few or limited number for
(between discrete levels) so only certain
‘certain’. Allow reference to discrete differences in
frequencies/wavelengths are visible. energy levels.
6
(1)
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Example of calculation
17 (b)(ii) • Use of nλ = d sin θ (1) 3 × 5.89 × 10−7 m = d sin 90°
d = 1.77 × 10−6 m
• d = 1.77 × 10−6 m (1)

• Choose d = 2.0 × 10−6 m as a smaller value than d = 1.77 ×

10−6 m would cause greater diffraction angles so the third 3
order would not be seen, but 3.3 × 10−6 m would produce
smaller angles than 2.0 × 10−6 m, causing larger relative
uncertainty in measurement (1)

Or
(1)
• Use of nλ = d sin θ

• A correct value of sin θ or θ

d = 1.0 × 10−6 m  1.77
d = 1.7 × 10−6 m  1.04
d = 2.0 × 10−6 m  0.88 62.°
(1)
d = 3.3 × 10−6 m  0.535 32.°
• Choose d = 2.0 × 10−6 m. 1.7 × 10−6 m would give a sine
value greater than 1, so no 3rd order is visible, and 3.3 ×
10−6 m would produce smaller angles than 2.0 × 10−6 m, (1)
causing larger relative uncertainty in measurement
17 (c) • Use of E = hf and c = fλ (1) Example of calculation
(1)
• Convert J to eV E = 6.63 × 10−34 Js × 3.00 × 108 m s−1 /
(1)
• 2.1 eV 5.89 × 10−7 m
• Arrow drawn on diagram from = 3.38 × 10−19 J
−3.04 eV to −5.14 eV (1) 4
3.38 × 10−19 J / 1.60 × 10−19 C = 2.11 eV

(Total for Question 17 = 16 marks)

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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
18 (a) • Alpha won’t penetrate the plastic so the gas For MP1, accept answers in terms of the small range
can’t escape (1) of alpha particles in the air in the bag
• Alpha won’t penetrate the plastic so there is
no risk (1) 2
18(b)(i) • Calculate no of nuclei (1) Example of calculation
• Use of ln 2 = t ½ × λ (1) N = (5.18 × 10−5 g/230 g) × 6.02 × 1023
(1) = 1.36 × 1017
• Use of A = λN λ× (75 400 × 3.15 × 107) s = ln 2
(1)
• A = 3.97 × 104 (Bq) λ = 2.92 × 10−13 s−1
A = 2.92 × 10−13 s−1 × 1.36 × 1017
4
A = 3.97 × 104 Bq
18 (b)(ii) • Calculates decays in one year Example of calculation
(ecf from (b)(i)) (1) ecf λ from (a)
(1) decays in one year = 3.97 × 104 Bq × 3.15 × 107 s
• Use of pV = NkT = 1.25 × 1012
• uses T = 295 K (1) 1.00 × 105 Pa × V = 1.25 × 1012 × 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1 × 295
• V = 5.09 × 10−14
m 3 (1) K 4
V = 5.09 × 10−14 m3
18 (b)(iii) • Use of ½ m <c2> = 3/2 kT Example of calculation
1
Or Use of pV = 𝑁𝑚 < 𝑐 2 > ½ m <c2> = 3/2 kT
3 (1) ½ × (4 × 1.66 × 10−27 kg) × <c2> = 3/2 × 1.38 × 10−23 J
(allow ecf for N,V from (b)(ii))
K−1 × 295 K
• uses m = 4u <c2> = 1 840 000 m2 s−2
• √<c2> = 1360 m s−1 (1) √<c2> = 1360 m s−1
3
(1) Accept the use of proton/neutron mass instead of u
(Total for Question 18 = 13 marks)