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16 views

DSA

Uploaded by

Viral Music
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Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithms"

Introduction
Data structures and algorithms are fundamental concepts in computer science that allow
efficient storage and processing of data. Understanding these concepts is crucial for solving
computational problems and optimizing program performance.

Common Data Structures

• Arrays: A collection of elements identified by index or key. Ideal for storing fixed-
size sequential data.
• Linked Lists: A linear collection of elements, where each element points to the next,
allowing dynamic memory allocation.
• Stacks: A linear structure that follows Last In, First Out (LIFO) order, used for tasks
like reversing strings and evaluating expressions.
• Queues: A linear structure that follows First In, First Out (FIFO) order, commonly
used in task scheduling.
• Trees: A hierarchical data structure used for storing data in a way that allows efficient
searching and sorting.
• Graphs: A collection of nodes and edges that can represent networks, like social
networks or transport systems.

Algorithms

• Sorting Algorithms: Algorithms like QuickSort, MergeSort, and BubbleSort


organize data in a particular order, improving search efficiency.
• Searching Algorithms: Methods like Binary Search and Linear Search help find
specific elements in a dataset.
• Graph Algorithms: Algorithms like Dijkstra's and Floyd-Warshall help find the
shortest path in graphs.

Complexity Analysis

• Big O Notation: Used to describe the efficiency of an algorithm in terms of time and
space. Common complexities include O(1) for constant time, O(n) for linear time, and
O(n^2) for quadratic time.

Conclusion
Data structures and algorithms form the backbone of computer science and software
development, providing essential tools for efficient problem-solving and optimization.

References

• Cormen, T.H., Leiserson, C.E., Rivest, R.L., & Stein, C. (2009). Introduction to
Algorithms. MIT Press.

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