Patient: Ima Test Accession:

Collected: Received:
DOB: Completed:
Ordered by: Diagnostic Solutions Lab
5894 Shiloh Rd, Ste 101 | Alpharetta GA 30005 spacer
877.485.5336
DNA STOOL ANALYSIS BY QUANTITATIVE PCR

YOUR PERSONALIZED REPORT

PATHOGENS

The testing includes pathogens (bacterial, parasitic and viral) commonly known to cause gastroenteritis. Note that not
all individuals with positive findings will present with symptoms. Many factors, including the health of the individual
(such as immune health, digestive function, and microbiome balance), the transient nature of most pathogens, and the
presence and expression of virulence factors, all contribute to pathogen virulence and individual symptoms.
BACTERIAL PATHOGENS Result Reference
Campylobacter <dl < 1.00e3
C. difficile Toxin A <dl < 1.00e3
C. difficile Toxin B <dl < 1.00e3
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli <dl < 1.00e3
E. coli O157 <dl < 1.00e3
Enteroinvasive E. coli/Shigella <dl < 1.00e3
Enterotoxigenic E. coli LT/ST <dl < 1.00e3
Shiga-like Toxin E. coli stx1 <dl < 1.00e3
Shiga-like Toxin E. coli stx2 <dl < 1.00e3
Salmonella <dl < 1.00e4
Vibrio cholerae <dl < 1.00e5
Yersinia enterocolitica <dl < 1.00e5

PARASITIC PATHOGENS
Cryptosporidium <dl < 1.00e6
Entamoeba histolytica <dl < 1.00e4
Giardia <dl < 5.00e3

VIRAL PATHOGENS
Adenovirus 40/41 <dl < 1.00e10
Norovirus GI/II <dl < 1.00e7

KEY: Results are reported as genome equivalents per gram of stool, which is a standard method for estimating the number of
microbes measured per gram of stool, based on qPCR analysis of DNA samples.

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Results are expressed in standard scientific notation. For example, a reported result of 3.5e7 is equivalent to 3.5 x 10
microbes per gram, which equals 35,000,000 (35 million) microbes per gram of stool.

< dl represents results below detectable limit.

The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics

determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:
HELICOBACTER PYLORI

H. PYLORI & VIRULENCE FACTORS Result Reference

Helicobacter pylori 2.22e2 < 1.00e3

Virulence Factor, babA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, cagA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, dupA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, iceA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, oipA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, vacA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, virB N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, virD N/A Negative

COMMENSAL/KEYSTONE BACTERIA
COMMENSAL BACTERIA Result Reference

Bacteroides fragilis 3.21e11

3.21e11
H 1.6e91.6e9
- 2.5e11org/g
- 2.5e11

Bifidobacterium spp. 5.26e7

5.26e7
L > 6.7e7org/g
> 6.7e7

Enterococcus spp. 4.06e7 1.9e51.9e5

- 2.0e8org/g
- 2.0e8

Escherichia spp. 1.51e10

1.51e10
H 3.7e63.7e6
- 3.8e9org/g
- 3.8e9

Lactobacillus spp. 9.12e2

9.12e2
L 8.6e58.6e5
- 6.2e8org/g
- 6.2e8

Enterobacter spp. 2.62e7 1.0e6 - 5.0e7

Akkermansia muciniphila <1.00e2

<dl L 1.0e11.0e1
- 8.2e6org/g
- 8.2e6

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1.62e5 1.0e31.0e3

- 5.0e8org/g
- 5.0e8

Roseburia spp. 1.56e8 5.0e75.0e7

- 2.0e10org/g
- 2.0e10

BACTERIAL PHYLA

Bacteroidetes 7.12e12
7.12e12
H 8.6e11 - 3.3e12

Firmicutes 2.11e10
2.11e10
L 5.7e10 - 3.0e11

Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes Ratio 0.00 < 1.0

The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics

determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:

OPPORTUNISTIC/OVERGROWTH MICROBES
DYSBIOTIC & OVERGROWTH BACTERIA Result Reference
Bacillus spp. 1.46e5 < 1.76e6
Enterococcus faecalis 2.98e3 < 1.00e4
Enterococcus faecium 1.23e2 < 1.00e4
Morganella spp. <dl < 1.00e3
Pseudomonas spp. 2.06e8 High ↑ < 1.00e4
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5.46e5 High ↑ < 5.00e2
Staphylococcus spp. 1.11e4 High ↑ < 1.00e4
Staphylococcus aureus 9.93e1 < 5.00e2
Streptococcus spp. 3.95e2 < 1.00e3

COMMENSAL OVERGROWTH MICROBES

Desulfovibrio spp. 1.76e7 < 7.98e8
Methanobacteriaceae (family) 1.02e8 < 3.38e8

INFLAMMATORY & AUTOIMMUNE-RELATED BACTERIA

Citrobacter spp. 8.05e6 High ↑ < 5.00e6
Citrobacter freundii 4.50e4 < 5.00e5
Klebsiella spp. 7.18e4 High ↑ < 5.00e3
Klebsiella pneumoniae 1.19e3 < 5.00e4
M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis <dl < 5.00e3
Proteus spp. 6.01e5 High ↑ < 5.00e4
Proteus mirabilis 6.97e2 < 1.00e3

COMMENSAL INFLAMMATORY & AUTOIMMUNE-RELATED BACTERIA

Enterobacter spp. 2.62e7 < 5.00e7
Escherichia spp. 1.51e10 High ↑ < 3.80e9
Fusobacterium spp. 3.25e6 < 1.00e8
Prevotella spp. 1.70e7 < 1.00e8

FUNGI/YEAST
FUNGI/YEAST Result Reference
Candida spp. <dl < 5.00e3
Candida albicans <dl < 5.00e2
Geotrichum spp. <dl < 3.00e2
Microsporidium spp. <dl < 5.00e3
Rhodotorula spp. <dl < 1.00e3

VIRUSES
VIRUSES Result Reference
Cytomegalovirus <dl < 1.00e5
Epstein-Barr Virus <dl < 1.00e7

The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics

determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:

PARASITES
PROTOZOA Result Reference
Blastocystis hominis <dl < 2.00e3
Chilomastix mesnili <dl < 1.00e5
Cyclospora spp. <dl < 5.00e4
Dientamoeba fragilis <dl < 1.00e5
Endolimax nana <dl < 1.00e4
Entamoeba coli <dl < 5.00e6
Pentatrichomonas hominis <dl < 1.00e2

WORMS
Ancylostoma duodenale Not Detected Not Detected
Ascaris lumbricoides Not Detected Not Detected
Necator americanus Not Detected Not Detected
Trichuris trichiura Not Detected Not Detected
Taenia spp. Not Detected Not Detected

INTESTINAL HEALTH MARKERS

DIGESTION Result Reference

Steatocrit
Steatocrit <dl << 15
15 %
%

Elastase-1
Elastase-1 >750 >> 200
200 ug/g
ug/g

GI MARKERS

β-Glucuronidase
β-Glucuronidase 1198 << 2486
2486 U/mL
U/mL

Occult
Occult Blood
Blood -- FIT
FIT <dl << 10
10 ug/g
ug/g

IMMUNE RESPONSE

Secretory IgA 1435 510

510 -- 2010
2010 ug/g
ug/g

Anti-gliadin IgA 108 << 175

175 U/L
U/L

Eosinophil Activation Protein

(EDN,
(EDN, EPX)
EPX) 1.10 << 2.34
2.34 ug/g
ug/g

INFLAMMATION

Calprotectin
Calprotectin 21 << 173
173 ug/g
ug/g

ADD-ON TESTS

Stool
Stool Gluten
Gluten Peptide
Peptide 372.0 << 5.0
5.0 ng/g
ng/g

Zonulin 125.0 << 175

175 ng/g
ng/g

The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics

determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:

H. PYLORI ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES

Result Reference Result Reference

Amoxicillin N/A Negative Clarithromycin N/A Negative

Genes associated with amoxicillin resistance Genes associated with clarithromycin resistance

PBP1A S414R N/A A2142C N/A

PBP1A T556S N/A A2142G N/A

PBP1A N562Y N/A A2143G N/A

Result Reference Result Reference

Fluoroquinolones N/A Negative Tetracycline N/A Negative

Genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance Genes associated with tetracycline resistance

gyrA N87K N/A A926G N/A

gyrA D91N N/A AGA926-928TTC N/A

gyrA D91G N/A

gyrB S479N N/A

gyrB R484K N/A

The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics

determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:
UNIVERSAL ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES

Result Reference Result Reference Result Reference

b-Lactams Negative Negative Macrolides Negative Negative Trimethoprim Negative Negative

blaNDM-1 Absent acrA Absent dfrA1 Absent

CTX-M 1 Absent acrB Absent dfrA12 Absent

CTX-M 2 Absent emrE Absent dfrA14 Absent

CTX-M 8/25 Absent ermA Absent dfrA15 Absent

CTX-M 9 Absent ermB Absent dfrA17 Absent

GES Absent ermC Absent dfrA5 Absent

OXA-1 Absent macA Absent dfrA7 Absent

PER-1 Absent macB Absent dfrB1 Absent

PER-2 Absent mefA Absent dfrB2 Absent

SHV Absent mphA Absent dfrB3 Absent

TEM Absent msrA Absent

VEB Absent tolc Absent

Fluoroquinolones Positive Negative Ciprofloxacin Negative Negative Sulfonamides Positive Negative

qnrA Present emea Absent sul1 Present

qnrB Absent pmra Absent sul2 Present

qnrS1 Absent sul3 Present

Vancomycin Negative Negative Nitroimidazoles Negative Negative Methacillin Negative Negative

vanA Absent nimA Absent mecA Absent

vanA2 Absent nimB Absent Chloramphenicol Negative Negative

vanB Absent nimC Absent
cata13 Absent
vanC1 Absent nimD Absent

vanC2-1 Absent nimE Absent

vanC2-2 Absent

Detection of resistance-associated genes may not confer phenotypic drug resistance. Detected genes cannot be associated with specific microbes.

The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics

determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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