Project File: Working and Construction of a Step-Up Transformer
1. Title Page
Title: Working and Construction of a Step-Up Transformer
Project By: Niyati Kharbanda
Class: 12
School: Dewan Public School
Date: [Submission Date]
2. Acknowledgment
In this section, you can acknowledge the help and guidance of your
teacher, mentors, or any person who assisted you during the project.
Example:
"I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my teacher, [Teacher's
Name], for their invaluable guidance and support throughout the
completion of this project."
3. Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Principle of Operation
3. Construction of a Step-Up Transformer
4. Working of a Step-Up Transformer
5. Applications of Step-Up Transformer
6. Advantages of Step-Up Transformers
7. Conclusion
8. References
4. Introduction
A transformer is an electrical device that works on the principle of
electromagnetic induction to either increase or decrease the voltage in
an AC circuit. A step-up transformer increases the voltage from a lower
level to a higher level while keeping the power constant (neglecting
losses). These transformers are primarily used in the transmission of
electricity over long distances to reduce energy loss.
5. Principle of Operation
The principle of operation of a transformer is based on Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction. When an alternating current (AC) flows
through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field. This
changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the
secondary coil according to Lenz's Law.
The formula that governs the relationship between the primary and
secondary coils is:
6. Construction of a Step-Up Transformer
A step-up transformer consists of the following main parts:
• Core:
o Made of laminated sheets of silicon steel to reduce energy
losses due to eddy currents. The core provides a path for the
magnetic flux created by the primary coil.
• Primary Coil:
o The coil that receives the input voltage from the AC source.
It has fewer turns compared to the secondary coil.
• Secondary Coil:
o This coil is where the induced voltage appears. It has more
turns than the primary coil, which is why the voltage is
stepped up.
• Insulating Materials:
o Used to isolate the windings and prevent short circuits.
• Tank:
o Transformers often have a tank filled with oil or other
insulating fluids that cool the transformer and provide
additional insulation.
7. Working of a Step-Up Transformer
1. Input Voltage: A low-voltage AC current is supplied to the primary
coil of the transformer.
2. Magnetic Field: The AC current generates a changing magnetic
field around the primary coil. The magnetic flux passes through
the core to the secondary coil.
3. Induction of Voltage: Due to the changing magnetic field, an EMF
(voltage) is induced in the secondary coil. The amount of voltage
induced depends on the number of turns in the secondary coil
relative to the primary coil.
4. Output Voltage: Since the secondary coil has more turns than the
primary coil, the voltage is stepped up. The output voltage
(VsV_sVs) is higher than the input voltage (VpV_pVp).
8. Applications of Step-Up Transformers
Step-up transformers are widely used in various applications, such as:
1. Power Transmission: Step-up transformers are used in power
stations to increase the voltage before sending it over long
distances. This reduces the energy loss due to the resistance of
the transmission wires.
2. Electricity Distribution: These transformers are used in
substations to step up the voltage for efficient long-distance
power transmission.
3. Medical Equipment: Devices such as X-ray machines require high-
voltage AC, which is achieved through step-up transformers.
4. Industrial Applications: In some industrial setups, high voltage is
required for specific machinery, and step-up transformers are
used.
9. Advantages of Step-Up Transformers
• Efficient Power Transmission: By stepping up the voltage, the
current decreases, which leads to reduced energy loss during
transmission.
• Cost-effective: Higher voltage allows power to be transmitted over
longer distances, reducing the need for many transmission lines.
• Safety: Transformers ensure that electrical power can be
transmitted safely over long distances with minimal loss.
10. Conclusion
Step-up transformers are essential devices in the modern power
distribution system. By converting low voltage to high voltage, they
ensure that electricity can be transmitted efficiently over long distances.
Their role in minimizing energy loss during transmission makes them
indispensable in the electricity supply chain.
11. References
• Textbook: "Physics for Class 12" by D.C. Pandey
• Wikipedia: "Transformer" –
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer
• Various Online Resources on Electrical Engineering and Power
Transmission.
