NWS

XI
PHYSICS
QUESTION BANK
2022-23

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 Index

S. No. Chapter Page. Weightage

No.
1. Physical World 4 23

2. Units and Measurement 6

3. Motion in a straight line 9

4. Motion in a Plane 12

5. Laws of Motion 14

6. Work, Energy, and Power 17 17

7. System of Particles and Rotational Motion. 20

8. Gravitation 24

9. Mechanical Properties of Solids 26 20

10. Mechanical Properties of Fluids 28

11. Thermal Properties of Matter 31

12. Thermodynamics 33

13. Kinetic Theory 36

14. Oscillations 39 10

15. Waves 41

16. Case Studies 43

17. Assertion and Reason 46

18. Model Papers 48

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 SYLLABUS
Unit Test – 1 Chapter -1 Physical world
Chapter- 2 Units and measurement
Chapter-3 Motion in a straight line

Unit Test – 2 Chapter – 4 Motion in a plane

Chapter – 5 Laws of Motion

Half Yearly Examination Chapter – 1 Physical world

Chapter - 2 Units and measurement
Chapter – 3 Motion and straight line
Chapter – 4 Motion in a plane
Chapter – 5 Laws of Motion
Chapter – 6 Work, Energy and Power
Chapter – 7 System of particles and rotational motion
Chapter – 8 Gravitation

Unit Test – 3 Chapter – 9 Mechanical properties of solids

Chapter – 10 Mechanical properties of fluids

Unit Test – 4 Chapter – 11 Thermal properties of matter

Chapter – 12 Thermodynamics
Chapter-13 Kinetic theory of gases

Annual Examination All Syllabus

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 Chapter- 1
Physical-world
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Which of these was a major scientific achievement in ancient India?
a. silver and copper coin age
b. making different kinds of swords
c. Baudhayana Sulba Sutra
d. None of these
2. Reductionism is
a. reducing all phenomena to logical consequences of Newton’s laws
b. deriving the properties of a bigger, more complex, system from the properties and
interactions of its constituent simpler parts.
c. reducing all phenomena to logical consequences of Einstein’s laws
d. deriving the properties of a bigger, more complex, system from first principles
3. Technology strives to
a. perfect science
b. be at the forefront of inventions
c. fulfil a human need such as faster cooking or sewing etc
d. use science for application
4. Physics is
a. an Applied Science
b. a Mathematical Science
c. an Engineering Science
d. a Natural Science
5. Which of these is not a fundamental force?
a. Strong Nuclear Force
b. Spring force
c. Weak Nuclear Force
d. Electromagnetic Force

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. What is the relation between bar and torr?
7. How many electrons would weigh 1kg?
8. State the nature of work for which Prof. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
9. Name the principle on which a nuclear reactor works.
10. Who gave a general theory of relativity?
11. Who proposed the wave theory of light?
12. How is Physics related to society?
13. Name two Indian-born Physicists who have been awarded Nobel Prize in Physics.
14. How many nanometres constitute 4 meters?
15. What are the fundamental forces in nature? Explain.

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16. Out of the four fundamental forces which one is 1) strongest and 2) weakest?
17. What do you mean by mass-energy equivalence?
18. Name the scientific principle of the following:
1) Nuclear Reactor 2)Electric generator 3) SONAR 4) Radio-T.V
19. Name the theory discovered by the following scientists:
1) Einstein 2) Faraday 3) Bohr 4) Raman
5)Newton 6) Rutherford
20. What is the basic mechanism behind all forces?

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 Chapter -2
Units and measurements
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The dimensions of Kinetic energy is the same as that of
a. Pressure
b. Work
c. Momentum
d. Force
2 The surface tension of a liquid is 70 dyne/cm. In the MKS system, what its value is?
a. a.7 ✕ 102 N/m
b. b.7 ✕ 103 N/m
c. 70 N/m
d. 7 ✕ 10-2 N/m
3. When two quantities are added or subtracted, the absolute error in the final
result is
a. the absolute value of the difference of errors of individual quantities
b. the sum of the absolute errors in the individual quantities
c. the absolute value of the sum of individual quantities
d. the absolute value of the sum of errors of individual quantities
4. The dimensional formula for Planck’s constant is
a. [ML2T-1]
b. [M2L2T-1]
c. [MLT]
d. [ML1T-1]
5. When two quantities are multiplied or divided, the relative error in the result is
a . the difference of the absolute errors in the multipliers
b. the sum of the absolute errors in the multipliers
c. the difference of the relative errors in the multipliers
d. the sum of the relative errors in the multipliers

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. How many newtons make 1 kg wt?
7. Fill in the blanks by suitable conversions:
m =----------light year
(1) 6m /s2 =------ km/hr2
8. Write the dimensional formula of the following:
Planks constant(h), Angular momentum(L), Rate of flow(V), velocity gradient, Modulus of
rigidity (η), Moment of momentum, Moment of a force, Pressure gradient.
9. Define 1) Light year 2)Parsec 3) Astronomical unit.
10. Find the dimension of a and b in the relation given by F= a/(b+d 1/2). Where F=force, d=density.

TWO MARK QUESTION

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11. If (P + a/V2) (V-b) = R T. Where P=pressure, V =volume, T =temperature and R=Universal gas
constant. Find the dimension of (a/b).
12. By the method of dimensions, check the correctness of the equation
Snth =u + a/2 (2n-1). Where u=initial velocity, a=acceleration
13. Check the correctness of the formula f=1/2 l √𝑇/𝑚, where f= frequency, T =Tension, m
=mass
14. Check the correctness of the formula 𝜆 = h /m v, where 𝜆 = 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, h=planks
constant, m=mass, v=velocity
15. Check the correctness of the formula, by the method of dimensions S = r h ρ g/2 Cos𝜃, where
S =surface tension, r =radius, h =height of the liquid, θ =angle of contact

THREE MARK QUESTIONS

16. Assuming that the mass (m)of the largest stone depends only upon the velocity V and the
density ρ of water, and the acceleration due to gravity g. Prove that m varies with the sixth power
of velocity of the flow.
17. Show dimensionally that the frequency n of transverse waves in a string of length a mass per
unit length m under a tension T is given by n= K/l √𝑇/𝑚
18. Using the method of dimensions, derive an expression for the rate of flow (V) of a liquid
through a pipe of radius (r), under a pressure gradient (P/l ). Given that V also depends on
coefficient. Of viscosity (η) of the liquid.
19. Find the dimension of a/b in the relation P = (a –t2 )/bx. Where P=Pressure, t= time, x
=distance.
20. The centripetal force (F) acting on a body may depend upon the mass of the body (m), the
radius of the circle(r), and the frequency of revolution(f). Derive the formula dimensionally.
21. Young’s modulus of steel is 19x1010 N/m2. Express it in cgs units.
22. When one metre, one kg, and one minute are taken as fundamental units, the magnitude of a
force is 36 units. What is the value of this force on the cgs system?
23. Find the value of 60 joule/min. on a system that has 100 g,100 cm, and 1min as fundamental
units. Given y= a Sin (w t-k x), find the dimensional formula for w and k.
24. In an experiment, µ of glass was found to be 1.45, 1.56, 1.54, 1.44, 1.54, 1.53 Calculate
1) the mean value of µ 2) the mean absolute error
3) the fractional error 4) the % error. Express the results with an error.
The resistance R =V/ I, Where V=(100 ± 5) volt and I=(10 ± 0.2) A. Find % error in R.
25. The resistivity of a wire ρ is given by ρ = 𝜋 r2 R/L, where r= (0.26 ± 0.02) cm ,R= (32 ±1) ohm ,
L= (78 ±0.01). Find % error in ρ.
26. The radius of a sphere is measured as r=(2.1± 0.5) cm. Calculate its surface area with error
limits.
27. A physical quantity X is given by X=AB2C/D. The % errors in A, B, C, and D 1%,2% ,4% and 2%
respectively. Find % error in X.

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28. Two resistances are given by R1=(4 ± 0.5) ohm and R2 =(16 ±0.5) ohm are connected in 1)series
and parallel. Find R % error in each case.
29. Prove that the maximum fractional error in the product of the two quantities is equal to the
sum of their fractional errors.
30. Explain, with examples, the following-
1) Dimensional variables 2) Dimensionless variable
3) Dimensional constants 4) Dimensionless constant
31. What are the limitations of dimensional analysis? What is the S I system? Write the name of
Fundamental Physical quantities.
32. In successive measurements, the readings of the period of oscillation of a simple pendulum
were found to be 2.63 s, 2.56 s, 2.42 s, 2.71 s, and 2.80 s in an experiment. Calculate
a) the mean value of the period of oscillation
b) absolute error in each measurement
c) mean absolute error
d) relative error
e) percentage error and
f) express the result in proper form.

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 Chapter -3
Motion in a straight line
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. For motion with uniform acceleration, an x-t graph is
a. a parabola b. a hyperbola c. a straight-line d. a cubic
2. A jet lands on an aircraft carrier at 63 m/s. What is its acceleration in m/s 2?If it stops in 2.0 s?
a. -35 b. 34 c. -31 d. -33
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3. A ball starts from rest and accelerates at 0.500 m/s .While moving down an inclined plane 9.00
m long. When it reaches the bottom, the ball rolls up another plane, where, after moving 15.0 m,
it comes to rest. What is the speed of the ball in m/s at the bottom of the first plane?
a.3.0 b. 1.00 c. 2.00 d. 4.00
4. A golf ball is released from rest from the top of a very tall building. Calculate the position in m of
the ball after 2.00 s
a. -32.1 b.-19.6 c.-22.2 d.-20.9
5. A drag racer starts her car from rest and accelerates at 10.0 m/s2 for the entire distance of 400
m. How long did it take the race car to travel this distance in s?
a. 9.01 b. 8.33 c. 10.2 d. 8.94

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. Figure shows a displacement- time graph. Comment on the sign of velocities at points P, Q, R, S,
and T.

7. Suggest a suitable physical situation for the following graph.

A) What is meant by uniform motion?

B) What is meant by non-uniform motion?
8. A body travels the first half of the total distance with velocity v1 and the second half with
velocity v2. Calculate average velocity.
9. A car covers the first half of the distance between two places at a speed of 40km/hr and the
second half at 60km/ hr. What is the average speed of the car? (48km/hr)

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10. A body travels a distance s1 with velocity v1 and distance s2 with velocity v2 in the same
direction. Calculate the average velocity of a body.
11. A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Draw the velocity-time graph.

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

12. The distance x of a particle is related to time t is given by t=√x+3, where x is in metres and time
is in seconds. Find the displacement of the particles when velocity is 0.
13. Prove by the calculus method, the equations of uniformly accelerated motion.
14. The acceleration of a particle in ms-2 is given by a=3t2+2t+2 where time t in seconds. If the
particle starts with a velocity v= 2m/sec at t=0, find the velocity t at the end of 2 seconds.
15. A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate A for some time, after which it decelerates at a
constant rate B to come to rest. If the total time elapsed is T seconds then calculate
a) the maximum velocity attained by a car
b) Total distance covered by a car in terms of A, B & T.
16. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 19.6m/sec from the top of a tower. It
returns to the earth in 6 sec. Find the height of the tower.

THREE MARK QUESTIONS

17. The displacement x of a particle is given by x = 4t2-15t+25. Find the position, velocity and
acceleration of a particle at t=0.
18. From the top of a tower 100m in height, a ball is drawn at the same time. One of the balls is
projected vertically upwards from the ground with a velocity of 25m/sec. Find when and where
the two balls will meet. (g=9.8m/sec)
19. Prove by the graphical method, the equations of uniformly accelerated motion.
20. Derive equations of motion by graphical method.
21. A balloon is ascending at the rate of 9.8m/sec at a height of 39.2 m above the ground when a
food packet is dropped from the balloon. After how much time and with what velocity does it
reach the ground? (g=9.8m/sec2)
22. The distance covered by a body is directly proportional to the square of time. Is the body
moving with uniform velocity or uniform acceleration?
23. Two trains 120 m and 80 m in length are running in opposite directions with velocities 42
km/hr and 30 km/hr. At what time they will completely cross each other?
24. The relation between t and distance x is t =A x2+B x, where A and B are constants.
25. Prove that the instantaneous acceleration is - 2A v3.
26. The displacement x of a particle along the X-axis is given by x=3+8 t+7 t2. Obtain. Its velocity
and acceleration at t=2 sec.
27. If x, y, z be the distances described by a particle during pth, qth, rth second respectively, Prove
that (q-r) x +(r-p) y +(p-q) z =0.
28. Two stones are thrown up simultaneously from the edge of a cliff 200 m high with initial
speeds of 15 m/s and 30 m/s. Verify that the graph shown in Figure correctly represents the time
variation of the relative position of the second stone for the first. Neglect air resistance and

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assume that the stones do not rebound after hitting the ground. Take g = 10 m/s 2. Give the
equations for the
linear and curved parts of the plot.

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 Chapter-4
Motion in a plane
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The path of a projectile is
a. cubic c. straight line
b. Hyperbola d. parabola
2. Which of the following algebraic operations on vectors are not permissible?
a. adding a scalar component of the vector to the same vector
b. multiplying any vector by any scalar,
c. adding any two vectors
d. multiplying the sum of vectors A and B by a scalar
3. For an object thrown at 45° to the horizontal, the maximum height (H) and horizontal
range (R) are related as
a. R = 16 H b. R = 8 H
c. R = 4 H d. R = 2 H
4. The circular motion of a particle with constant speed is
a. Simple harmonic but not periodic
b. Periodic and simple harmonic
c. Neither periodic nor simple harmonic
d. Periodic but not simple harmonic
5. At the uppermost of a projectile, its velocity, and acceleration at an angle of
a. 0° b. 45°
c. 90° d. 180°

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. What is the angle between the velocity vector and acceleration vector in uniform circular
motion?
7. At what point in its trajectory does a projectile have its 1) minimum speed 2) maximum speed
8. What is the angle of projection for a projectile motion whose horizontal range is equal to
maximum height H?
9. What is the minimum number of coplanar vectors of different magnitudes which can give zero
resultant?
10. Can there be motion in two dimensions with acceleration only in one dimension?
11. What is the difference between equal and opposite vectors?

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

12. What is the angle of projection for a projectile motion whose range R is n times the maximum
height?

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13. Is the maximum height attained by the projectile is largest when its horizontal range is
Maximum. Explain.
14. Define scalar and vector products. Write their properties.
15. What is the geometrical meaning of a) scalar product b) vector product.
16. Prove that the horizontal range is the same when the angle of projection is i) greater than 450
by a certain value and ii) less than 450 by the same value.

THREE MARK QUESTIONS

17. A projectile can have the same range of R for two angles of projection. If t1 and t2 be the time.
Prove that t1 t2=
18. A boy stands at 39.2m from a building and throws a ball that just passes through a window
19.6 m above the ground. Calculate the velocity of the projection of the ball.
19. A particle is projected over a triangle from one end of a horizontal base and grazing the vertex
falls on the other end of the base. If 𝛼𝑎𝑛𝑑𝛽 be the base angles and 𝜃 be the angle of projection,
prove that- tan 𝜃 = tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽
20. A body is projected with a velocity of 40 m/s. After 2 sec it crosses a vertical pole of height 20.4
m. Calculate the angle of projection and horizontal range.
21. From the top of the tower 156.8 m high, a projectile is thrown up with a velocity of 39.2 m/s
making an angle of 300 in the horizontal direction. Find the distance from the foot of the tower
where it strikes the ground and the time taken by it to do so.
22. A football is kicked 20 m/s at a projection angle of 450. A receiver on the goal line 25 m away in
the direction of the kick runs the same instant to meet the goal. What must be his speed, if he has
to catch the ball before it hits the ground?
23. A body is projected horizontally from the top of a tower with a velocity of 9.8 m/s. What time
elapses before horizontal and vertical velocities are equal?
24. A bomb is dropped from an aeroplane when it is directly above the target at a height of
1000m. The aeroplane is moving horizontally with a speed of 500 km/hr. By how much distance
will the bomb miss the target?
25. A ball is kicked at an angle of 300 with the vertical. If the horizontal component of its velocity is
19.6 m/s. Find the maximum height and horizontal range.

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS

26. (a) If |𝐴⃗ + 𝐵
⃗⃗ | = 𝐴⃗. 𝐵
⃗⃗ . What is the angle between A and B?
(b)State and prove the parallelogram law.
27. (a) Find the angle between 𝐴⃗ = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2 𝑘)̂ and 𝐵 ̂
⃗⃗ =( 𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ − 𝑘)
(b) State triangle law of addition of vectors.
28. (a) The blades of an aeroplane propeller are rotating at the rate of 600 revolutions per minute.
Calculate its angular velocity.
(b) Prove the path of a projectile is parabolic for angular projection.

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29. The angular velocity of a particle moving in a circle of radius 50cm. It increased in 5 minutes
from 100 revolutions per minute. Find (a) angular acceleration (b) linear acceleration.
30. Two vectors P and Q act at a point and have a resultant R1. If Q is replaced by the vector (R21-
P2)/Q .acting in the opposite direction to that of Q, Show that the resultant is still of magnitude R1.
31. A bullet fired at an angle of 30° with the horizontal hits the ground 3.0 km away. By adjusting
its angle of projection, can one hope to hit a target 5.0 km away? Assume the muzzle speed to the
fixed, and neglect air resistance.

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 Chapter- 5
Laws of motion
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. A particle revolves around a circular path. The acceleration of the particle is inversely
proportional to–
a. radius b. velocity
c. mass of particle d. both (b) and (c)
2. If the Maximum and minimum values of the resultant of two forces acting at a point are 7N and
3N respectively, the smaller force is equal to
a. 4N b. 5N
c. 3N d. 2N
3. If two forces are acting at a point such that the magnitude of each force is 2N and the
magnitude of their resultant is also 2N, then the angle between the two forces is
a. 120° b 60°
c. 90° d. 0°
4. If the tension in the cable supporting an elevator is equal to the weight of the elevator, the
elevator may be
a. going up with increasing speed b. going down with increasing speed
c. going up with uniform speed d. elevator falls freely under gravity
5. A graph is drawn with a force along the y-axis and time along the x-axis. The area under the
graph represent–
a. Momentum b. Couple
c. Moment of the force d. An impulse of the force

TWO/THREE MARK QUESTIONS

6. A batsman deflects a ball by an angle of 450 without changing its initial speed which is equal to
54 km/h. What is the impulse imparted to the ball? (Mass of the ball is 0.15 kg.)
7. Explain why
(a) A horse cannot pull a cart and run in space,
(b) Passengers are thrown forward from their seats when a speeding bus stop suddenly,
(c) It is easier to pull a lawnmower than a push it,
(d) A cricketer moves his hands backwards while holding a catch.
8. A 20 kg box is gently placed on a rough inclined plane of inclination 30 0 with horizontal. The
coefficient of sliding friction between the box and the plane is 0.4. Find the acceleration of the box
down the incline.
9. A hammer of mass 1 kg strikes on the head of a nail with a velocity of 10 m s-1. It drives the nail
1 cm into a wooden block. Calculate the force applied by the hammer and the time of impact.

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10. A force of 400 N acting horizontal pushes up a 20 kg block placed on a rough inclined plane
which makes an angle of 450 with the horizontal. The acceleration experienced by the block is 0.6
m/s2. Find the coefficient of sliding friction between the box and incline.
11. An object weighing 70 kg is kept in a lift. Find its weight as recorded by a spring balance when
the lift (a) moves upwards with a uniform velocity of 5 ms-1, (b) moves upwards with a uniform
acceleration of 2.2 ms-2, (c) moves downwards with a uniform acceleration of 2.8 ms-2, and (d) falls
freely under gravity.
12. Two mutually perpendicular forces of 8 N and 6 N acts on the same body of mass 10 kg.
Calculate the (i) net force acting on the body, (ii) magnitude of the acceleration of the body, and
(iii) direction of acceleration of the body.
13. A cricket ball of mass 150 g is moving with a velocity of 12 ms-1 and is hit by a bat so that the
ball is turned back with a velocity of 20 ms-1. The force of the blow acts for 0.01 s. Find the average
force exerted on the ball by the bat.

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS

14. (a)A trolley of mass 20 kg rests on a horizontal surface. A massless string tied to the trolley
passes over a frictionless pulley and a load of 5 kg is suspended from another end of the string. If
the coefficient of kinetic friction between trolley and surface be 0.1, find the acceleration of trolley
and tension in the string. (Take g = 10 ms-2)
(b) Prove that the impulse is equal to a change in linear momentum.
15. (a)Two bodies with masses of 10 kg and 12 kg are connected by a light inextensible string
passing over a smooth fixed pulley. Find (a) the velocity at the end of 3 s, (b) the distance covered
in 3 s, (c) if, at the end of 3 s the string is cut, find the distance moved by the bodies in the next 6 s.
16. (a)A box of wood is placed on a 300 slope. If the coefficient of friction is by 0.1, what is the
downward acceleration of the wooden box?
(b)A person left on a frictionless surface wants to get away from it. How can he do so?
17. (a) Discuss the apparent weight of a person in a lift/elevator.
(b) Air is thrown on a sail attached to a boat from an electric fan placed on the boat. Does the
boat start moving?
18. In a circus a motorcyclist driving in vertical loops inside a 'death well (a hollow spherical
chamber with holes, so the spectators can watch from outside). Explain clearly why the
motorcyclist does not drop down when he is at the uppermost point, with no support from below.
What is the minimum speed required at the uppermost position to perform a vertical loop if the
radius of the chamber is 25 m?
19. A 70 kg man stands in contact against the inner wall of a hollow cylindrical drum of radius 3 m
rotating about its vertical axis with 200 revs/min. The coefficient of the friction between the wall
and his clothing is 0.15. What is the minimum rotational speed of the cylinder to enable the man
to remain stuck to the wall (without falling) when the floor is suddenly removed?

16
20. Three identical blocks each having a mass m, are pushed by a force F on a frictionless table as
shown in figure

a. What is the acceleration of the blocks? What is the net force on block P?
b. What force does P apply on Q. What force does Q apply on R?
21. A body of mass 400 gm moving initially with a constant speed of 36 km h -1 towards the north is
subjected to a constant force of 8.0 N directed towards the south for half of a minute. Beyond that
time the body continues its motion with uniform velocity. No other forces are acting on the body
throughout its motion. Take the instant the force is applied to be at t = 0 s, the position of the
body at that time to be x = 0 m. Find out its position at t = -5 s, 25 s and 100 s respectively applying
Newton's equations of motion.
22. Two masses of 5 kg and 3 kg are suspended with help of massless inextensible strings as shown
in Figure. Calculate T1 and T2 when the whole system is going upwards with acceleration = 2 ms-2
(use g = 9.8 ms-2)

23. A body of mass m is suspended by two strings making angles α and β with the horizontal as
shown in Figure. Calculate the tensions in the two strings.

17
 Chapter-6
Work, Energy, and Power
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. A man is squatting on the ground gets straight up and stands. The force of reaction of ground
on the man during the process is
a. constant and equal to 'mg' in magnitude.
b. constant and greater than 'mg' in magnitude.
c. variable but always greater than 'mg'
d. at first greater than 'mg' and later becomes equal to 'mg'
2. A body of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line with velocity V = ax3/2 where a = 5 m–½ s–1. The
work done by the net force during its displacement from x = 0 to x = 2m is
a. 15 J b. 50 J
c. 10 J d. 100J
3. A block of mass 0.5 kg is moving with a speed of 2m/s on a smooth surface. It strikes another
mass of 1 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is
a. 0.16J b. 1.00J
c. 0.67 J d. 0.34J
4. A bullet fired into a fixed target tosses half of its velocity after penetrating a distance of 3 cm.
How much further it will penetrate before coming to rest assuming that it faces constant
resistance to its motion?
a. 3 cm b. 2.0 cm
c. 1.5 cm d. 1.0 cm
5. Work done is zero if the angle between force and displacement is
a. 450 b. 0 c. 900 d. 300

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6 . Mountain roads rarely go straight up but wind up gradually. Why?
7. A light body and a heavy body have the same kinetic energy. What one will have greater
momentum?
8. What should be the angle between force and displacement to get zero work?
9. When an air bubble rises in water, what happens to its potential energy?
10. Define the conservative and non-conservative forces. Give examples of each.
11. A light body and a heavy body have the same linear momentum. Which one has greater K.E?
12. The momentum of the body is doubled, what % does its K.E change?
13. A body is moving along a circular path. How much work is done by the centripetal force?
14. Which spring has a greater value of spring constant – a hard spring or a delicate spring?

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

15. A particle of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line with velocity 𝑣 = 𝑎𝑥 3⁄2 , where 𝑎 =
5 𝑚−1⁄2 𝑠 −1. What is the work done by the net force during its displacement from x = 0 to x = 2 m?

18
16. Two springs have force constants K1 and K2 (K1> K2). On which spring is more work done when
they are stretched by the same force?
17. Draw a graph showing a variation of potential energy, kinetic energy, and the total energy of a
body freely falling on Earth from a height of h.
18. Two bodies A and B having masses mA and m B respectively have equal kinetic energies. If pA
and pB are their respective momenta, then prove that the ratio of momenta is equal to the square
root of the ratio of respective masses.
19. A body of mass M at rest is struck by a moving body of mass m. Show that the fraction of the
4𝑀𝑚
initial kinetic energy of moving mass m transferred to the struck body is .
(𝑚+𝑀)2

THREE/FIVE MARK QUESTIONS

20. If stretch in spring of force constant k is doubled, calculate:
(a) The ratio of final to initial force in the spring.
(b) The ratio of elastic energies stored in the two cases.
(c) Work was done in changing to the state of a double stretch.
21. A body of mass 3 kg makes an elastic collision with another body at rest and continues to move
in the original direction with a speed equal to one-third of its original speed. Find the mass of the
second body.
22. Two masses, one ‘n’ times as heavy as the other, have equal kinetic energy. What is the ratio
of their momenta?
23. (a)A ball bounces to 80% of its original height. What fraction of its mechanical energy is lost in
each bounce?
(b) The momentum of a body is doubled. By what per cent does its kinetic energy change?
24. A bullet of mass 20 g is moving with a speed of 150 m s-1. It strikes a target and is brought to
rest after piercing 10 cm into it. Calculate the average force of resistance offered by the target.
25. Discuss elastic collision in one dimension. Obtain the expression for velocities of the two
bodies after such a collision.
26. A elastic spring is compressed by an amount x. Show that its P.E. is 1/2 kx2 where k is the
spring constant.
27. A car of mass 2000 kg is lifted at a distance of 30 m by a crane in 1 min. A second crane does the
same job in 2 min. Do the cranes consume the same or different amounts of fuel? What is the
power supplied by each crane? Neglect Power dissipation against friction.
28. Prove that bodies of identical masses exchange their velocities after the head-on elastic collision.
29. Answer the following :
(a)The casing of a rocket in flight burns up due to friction. At whose expense is the heat energy
required for burning obtained? The rocket or the atmosphere or both?
(b) Comets move around the sun in highly elliptical orbits. The gravitational force on the comet due
to the sun is not normal to the comet’s velocity in general. Yet the work done by the gravitational
force over every complete orbit of the comet is zero. Why?
30. Define elastic and inelastic collision. A lighter body collides with a much more massive body
at rest. Prove that the direction of the lighter body is reversed and the massive body remains at

19
rest.
31. 20 J work is required to stretch a spring through 0.1 m. Find the force constant of the spring. If
the spring is further stretched through 0.1 m. Calculate work done.
32. A body of mass M at rest is struck by a moving body of mass m. Prove that fraction of the
initial K.E. of the mass m transferred to the struck body is 4 m M/(m + M)2 in an elastic
collision.
33. A body is moving along the z-axis of a coordinate system under the effect o an instant force F =

Find the work done by the force in moving the body at a distance of 2 m along the z-axis.
34. Water is pumped out of a well 10 m deep through a pump rated 10 KW. Find the efficiency of
the motor if 4200 kg of water is pumped out every minute. Take g = 10 m/s2.
35. A railway carriage of mass 9000 kg moving with a speed of 36 km h–1 collides with a stationary
carriage of the same mass. After the collision, the carriages get coupled and move together. What is
their common speed after collision? What type of collision is this?
36. A man pulls a lawn roller through a distance of 20 m with a force of 20 kg weight. If he
applies the force at an angle of 60º with the ground, calculate the power developed if he takes 1
min in doing so.
37. A body of mass 0.3 kg is taken up an inclined plane to length 10 m and height 5 m and then
allowed to slide down to the bottom again. The coefficient of friction between the body and the
plane is 0.15. What is the
(i) work done by the gravitational force over the round trip?
(ii) work done by the applied force over the upward journey.
(iii) work done by frictional force over the round trip.
(iv) kinetic energy of the body at the end of the trip.
(v)How is the answer to (iv) related to the first three answers?
38. Two identical 5 kg blocks are moving with the same speed of 2 ms–1towards each Other along a
frictionless horizontal surface. The two blocks collide, stick together and come to rest. Consider
the two blocks as a system. Calculate work done by
(i) external forces and (ii) Internal forces.

20
 Chapter- 7
Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. For which of the following does the centre of mass lie outside the body?
a. Pencil b. A Short put c. A dice d. A bangle
2. When a disc rotates with uniform angular velocity, which of the following is not true?
a. Some of the rotation remains the same.
b. Orientation of the axis of rotation remains the same.
c. The speed of rotation is non-zero and remains the same.
d. The angular acceleration is non-zero and remains the same.
3. Two identical particles move towards each other with velocities 2V and V respectively. The
velocity of the centre of mass is
a. V c . V/3 (c)
b . V/2 d. Zero
4. Angular momentum of the particle rotating with a central force is constant due to
a. Constant force b. Constant linear momentum
c. Constant torque d. Zero torque
5. A couple is acting on a two-particle system. The resultant motion will be
a. Purely rotational motion b. Purely linear motion
c. Both (a) & (b) d. Neither (a) nor (b)

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. If a body is rotating, is it necessarily being acted upon by an external torque?
7. Why is the handle of a screw made wide?
8. A particle performs a uniform circular motion with an angular momentum L. If the frequency of
a particle’s motion is doubled and its K.E. is halved, what happens to its angular momentum?
9. What are physical quantities expressed by the following?
i) Moment of linear momentum (ii) change of rate of angular momentum.
10. Is the angular speed of rotation of the hour hand of a watch greater or smaller than the
angular velocity of the earth’s rotation about its axis?
11. About which axis a uniform cube will have a minimum moment of inertia?
12. State the principle of moments of rotational equilibrium.
13. Find the moment of inertia of a disc of radius R and mass m about an axis in its plane at a
distance of R/2 from its centre.
14. Can the couple acting on a rigid body produce translator motion?
15. Which component of linear momentum does not contribute to angular momentum?
16. A system is in stable equilibrium. What can we say about its potential energy?
17. Is the radius of gyration a constant quantity?

21
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
18. The length of seconds hand of a clock is 10cm. Find the speed of the tip of the hand.
19. Why do we prefer to use a wrench with a long arm?
20. In a CO molecule the centre of mass is at a distance of 0.068nm from the carbon atom. What
is the separation between the nuclei of carbon and oxygen?
21. Two point masses of 2 kg and 3 kg are moving along the same straight line with speeds of 3m/s
and 5m/s respectively. Find the speed of the centre of mass of the system, if both masses are
moving in (a) the same direction (b)in the opposite direction.
22. Three identical spheres each of radius r and mass m are placed touching each other on a
horizontal floor. Locate the position of the centre of mass of the system.
23. In a hydrogen atom, the electron revolves in a circular orbit of radius 0.53 A0 with a velocity of
2.2x106ms-1. If the mass of an electron is 9.0x10-31kg, find its angular momentum.
24. Show that in the absence of any external force, the velocity of the centre of mass remains
constant.
25. State the factors on which the position of the centre of mass of a rigid body depends.
26. What is the turning effect of force called for? On what factors does it depend?
27. State the factors on which the moment of inertia of a body depends.
28. On what factors does the radius of gyration of the body depend?
29. Why the speed of a whirlwind in a Tornado is alarmingly high?
30. Can a body be in equilibrium while in motion? If yes, give an example.
31. There is a stick half of which is wooden and half is steel.
(i) it is pivoted at the wooden end and a force is applied at the steel end at a right angle
to its length
(ii) it is pivoted at the steel end and the same force is applied at the wooden end. In which case is
the angular acceleration more and why?

THREE MARK QUESTIONS

32. Find the torque of a force ( 7 𝑖̂+ 3 𝑗̂ − 5 𝑘̂)about the origin. The force acts on a particle whose
position vector is (𝑖̂-𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ).
33. Two particles of masses 1 kg and 3 kg are located at (2 𝑖̂+5𝑗̂ + 13 𝑘̂ ) and (-6 𝑖̂+4−2 𝑘̂ ) metre
respectively. Find the position of their centre of mass.
34. For a given mass and size, a moment of inertia of a solid disc is smaller than that of a ring.
Why?
35. How does an ice-scatter, a ballet dancer, or an acrobat take advantage of the Principle of
conservation of angular momentum?
36. How will you distinguish between a hard-boiled egg and a raw egg by spinning each on a
tabletop? Explain it in brief.
37. If the earth were to shrink suddenly, what would happen to the length of the day?

22
38. Equal torques are applied on a cylinder and a hollow sphere. Both have the same mess and
radius. The cylinder rotates about its axis and the sphere rotates about one of its diameters.
Which will acquire greater speed? Explain.
39. The moments of inertia of two rotating bodies A & B are IA & IB. (IA < IB ) & their angular
momenta are equal. Which one has greater K.E.?
40. A disc rotating about its axis with angular speed ω0 is placed lightly (without any linear push) on
a perfectly frictionless table. The radius of the disc is R. What are the linear velocities of the points
A, B, and C on the disc shown in the figure. Will the disc roll?

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS

41. (a)Two discs of the same mass and thickness are made of materials having different densities.
Which one of them will have a larger moment of inertia?
(b) Derive the relation between the moment of force and the moment of inertia.
42. (a)A 40kg flywheel in the form of a uniform circular disc 1 metre in radius is making 120rpm,
Calculate its angular momentum.
(b) State the law of conservation of angular momentum.
43. (a)A circular disc of mass M and radius r is set rolling on a table. If w be its angular velocity,
show that its total kinetic energy is given by (3/4)Mv2.
(b) A spherical ball rolls in a table without slipping. Find the percentage of its kinetic energy which
is rotational.
44. (a) Three bodies, a ring, a solid cylinder, and a solid sphere roll down the same inclined plane
without slipping. They start from rest b. The radii of the bodies are identical. Which of the bodies
reaches the ground with maximum velocity?
(b)What will be the day, the earth suddenly shrinks to 1/64 of its original volume, mass remaining
unchanged?
45. Three masses 3 kg, 4 kg, and 5 kg are located at the corners of an equilateral triangle of side
1m. Locate the centre of mass of the system.
46. Two particles mass 100 g and 300 g at a given time have velocities 10i – 7j – 3k and 7i – 9j + 6k
ms–1 respectively. Determine the velocity of COM.
47. From a uniform disc of radius R, a circular disc of radius R/2 is cut out. The centre of the hole is
at R/2 from the centre of the original disc. Locate the centre of gravity of the resultant flat body.
48. The angular speed of a motor wheel is increased from 1200 rpm to 3120 rpm in 16 seconds,

23
 (i) What is its angular acceleration (assume the acceleration to be uniform)
(ii) How many revolutions does the wheel make during this time?
49. A metre stick is balanced on a knife-edge at its centre. When two coins, each of mass 5 g are
put one on top of the other at the 12.0 cm mark, the stick is found to be balanced at 45.0 cm,
what is the mass of the meter stick?
50. A solid sphere is rolling on a frictionless plane surface about its axis of symmetry. Find the
ratio of its rotational energy to its total energy.
51. Calculate the ratio of radii of gyration of a circular ring and a disc of the same radius for the axis
passing through their centres and perpendicular to their planes.

24
 Chapter- 8
Gravitation
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. If both the mass and radius of the earth, each decreased by 50%, the acceleration due to
gravity would
a. remains the same b. decreases by 50%
c. decreases by 100 d. increases by 100%
2. The maximum vertical distance through which a fully dressed astronaut can
jump on the earth is 0.5m. Estimate the maximum vertical distance through which he can jump on
the moon, which has a mean density 2/3 that of the earth and radius one quarter that of the
earth
a. 1.5 m b. 3 m c. 6 m d.7.5 m
3. If one moves from the surface of the earth to the moon, what will be the
effect on its weight
a. Weight of the person decreases continuously with the height from the surface of the earth
b. Weight of the person increases with the height from the surface of the earth
c. Weight of a person first decreases with height and then increase with the height from the
surface of the earth
d. Weight of person first increases with height and then decreases with a height from the surface of
the earth
4. A satellite goes along an elliptical path around the earth. The rate of change of area swept by the
line joining earth and the satellite is proportional to
a. r1/2 b. r c. r3/2 d. r2
5. When a body is taken from poles to the equator on the earth, its weight
a. increases b. decreases
c remains the same d. increases at the south pole and decreases at the north pole

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. Write the properties of gravitational force?
7. Moon has no atmosphere, why?
8. Three uniform spheres, each of mass m and radius R, are kept in such a way that each touches
the other two. Find the magnitude of the gravitational force on any sphere due to the other two.
9. Two particles of equal mass m move in a circle of radius R under the action of
their mutual gravitational attraction. Find the speed of each particle.

TWO/THREE MARK QUESTIONS

10. A mass M is broken into two parts of masses m1 and m2. How arem1 and m2 related so that the
force of gravitational attraction between two parts is maximum.
11. Draw the graph showing the variation of acceleration due to gravity with
(1) height above earth surface (ii) depth below the earth surface

25
12. If the radius of the earth shrinks by 2.5%, mass remains constant. What is the % increase in
acceleration due to gravity?
13. How much below the surface of the earth does the acc due gravity a) reduce to 36% b) reduce
by 36% of its value on the surface of the earth. (R=6400km)
14. At what height above the surface of the earth does acc due to gravity a) reduce to 64%
b) reduce by 64% of its value on the surface of the earth. (R=6400 km).
15. Show that Moon would depart forever if its speed were increased by 42%.
16. Two bodies of masses 100kg and 10,000kg are at a distance of 1 m apart. At what point on the
line joining them will the resultant gravitational field Intensity is zero? What is gravitational
potential at that point? (G=6.67x10-11 N m2 kg-2).
17. Three particles, each of mass m are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side a.
What are the gravitational field and gravitational potential at the centroid of the triangle?
18. The mass of planet Jupiter is 1.9 × 1027 kg and that of the sun is 1.99 × 1030 kg. The mean
distance of Jupiter from the Sun is 7.8 × 1011 m. Calculate the gravitational force that the sun
exerts on Jupiter and the speed of Jupiter.
19. A mass ‘M’ is broken into two parts of masses m1 and m2. How are m1 and m2 related so
that force of gravitational attraction between the two parts is maximum?
20. If the radius of the earth shrinks by 2%, mass remains constant. How would the value of
acceleration due to gravity change?
21. A body released at the distance r (r > R) from the centre of the earth. What is the velocity of
the body when it strikes the surface of the earth?
22. How far away from the surface of the earth does the acceleration due to gravity become 4% of
its value on the surface of the earth? Radius of earth = 6400 km.
23. The gravitational field intensity at a point 10,000 km from the centre of the earth is
4.8 N kg– 1. Calculate the gravitational potential at that point.
24. Define escape velocity to obtain an expression for the escape velocity of a body from the
surface of the earth? Does the escape velocity depend on
(i) location from where it is projected
(ii) the height of the location from where the body is launched.
25. State Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion. Prove the second and third laws. Name the
physical quantities which remain constant during the planetary motion.
26. Derive an expression for the orbital velocity of a satellite and its period. What is a
geostationary Satellite? Obtain the expression for the height of the geostationary satellite.

26
 Chapter-9
Mechanical properties of solids
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. A spring is stretched by applying a load to its free end. The strain produced in the spring is
a. Volumetric b. Shear
c. Longitudinal & Shear d. Longitudinal
2. The maximum load a wire can withstand without breaking when its length is reduced to half of
its original length, will
a. be double b. Behalf
c. be for times d. remain same
3. For an ideal liquid : (More than one option may be correct)
a. the bulk modulus is infinitel y b. the bulk modulus is zero
c. the shear modulus is infinite d. the shear modulus is zero
4. The tall cylinder is filled with viscous oil. A round pebble is dropped from the top with zero
initial velocity. The plot shown in fig. indicate the one that represents the velocity (v) of the
pebble as a function of time (t)

v v

t t t t
5. The Young's Modulus of steel is twice that of brass. Two wires of the same length and same
area of cross-section; one of steel and another of brass are suspended from the same roof. If then
the weights added to the steel and brass wires must be in the ratio of

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. How does Young’s modulus change with the rise of temperature?
7. Write copper, steel, glass, and rubber in the order of increasing coefficient of elasticity.
8. Which is more elastic – water or air?
9. Why are springs made of steel and not of copper?
10. Which is more elastic – rubber or steel? Explain.
11. Why do spring balances show wrong readings after they have been used for a long time?
12. Why do we prefer steel to copper in the manufacture of spring?
13. Draw a stress-strain curve for elastomers (elastic tissue of the Aorta)
14. How are we able to break a wire by repeated bending?
15. What is the value of bulk modulus for an incompressible liquid?

27
TWO/THREE MARK QUESTIONS
16. What is the percentage increase in the length of a wire of diameter 2.5 mm stretched by a
force of 100 kg wt? Young’s modulus of elasticity of the wire is 12.5 X 10 11 dyne cm-2.
17. The breaking stress for metal is 7.8 X 109 Nm-2. Calculate the maximum length of the wire
made of this metal which may be suspended without breaking. The density of the metal = 7.8 X
103 kg m-3, Y=2 X 1011 Nm-2.
18. Stress of 1 kg mm-2 is applied to a wire of which Young’s modulus is 1011 Nm-2. Find the
percentage increase in length.
19. The length of a metal wire is l1 when the tension in it is T1 and l2 when the tension in it is T2.
Find the original length of the wire.
20. A sphere contracts in volume by 0.01%, when taken to the bottom of sea 1 km deep. Find the
bulk modulus of the material of the sphere. The density of seawater may be taken as 1.0 X 103
kgm-3.
21. A spherical ball contracts in volume by 0.0098% when subjected to a pressure of 100 atm.
Calculate its bulks modulus. Given 1 atm = 1.01 X 105 Nm-2.
22. A steel wire of 4.0 m is stretched through 2.0 mm. The cross-sectional area of the wire is 2.0
mm2. If Young’s modulus of steel is 2.0 X 1011 Nm-2, find
1) the energy density of the wire 2) potential energy stored in the wire.
23. Draw and explain the stress-strain curve for a stretched wire.
24. Define Poisson’s ratio. What is the theoretical value?
25. Explain why girders are given I shape?
26. How can the knowledge of elasticity be used to calculate the maximum height of a mountain
on earth?
27. How is the knowledge of elasticity is used in cranes to lift heavy loads?
28. A force of 5 × 103 N is applied tangentially to the upper face of a cubical block of steel of side
30 cm. Find the displacement of the upper face relative to the lower one, and the angle of shear.
The shear modulus of steel is 8.3 × 1010 pa.

28
 Chapter-10
Mechanical properties of fluids
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1 . A perfectly rigid body is one
a. which does not move on the application of force
b. whose shape and size do not change on application of force
c. which starts flowing like water on the application of force
d. whose shape and size change on application of force
2. A cylindrical jar of cross-sectional area 0.01 m2 is filled with water to a height of 50 cm. It carries
a tight-fitting piston of negligible mass. What is the pressure at the bottom
of the jar when a mass of 1 kg is placed on the piston? Take g = 10m s −2
a. 6000 Pa b.4000 Pa c.2000 Pa d.5000 Pa
3. Pressure p at any point in a fluid at rest is
a. the normal force at that point per unit volume
b. the force parallel to an area at that point per unit area
c. the normal force at that point per unit mass
d. the normal force at that point per unit area
4. At large flow velocities the flow of fluid becomes
a. viscous c. turbulent
b. compressible d. laminar
5. The angle of contact at the interface of water glass is 0°, Ethyl alcohol–glass is 0°, Merecing–glass
is 140° & Methyl iodide-glass is 30°. A glass capillary is put in a trough containing one of these for
liquids. It is observed that the meniscus is convex. The liquid in the trough is
a. Water b. Ethyl alcohol
c. Mercury d. Methyl iodide

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. Why are the roofs of some houses blown off during a wind storm?
7. Based on Bernoulli’s principle, explain the lift of an aircraft's wings.
8. Why it is dangerous to stand near the edge of the platform when a fast-moving train is crossing
it?
9. Why do two boats moving in parallel directions close to each other get attracted?
10. Explain why the blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than at the brain? Why is it
difficult to stop bleeding from a cut in a human body at a high altitude?
11. The blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than at the brain. Why?
12. Define coefficient of viscosity and write its SI unit.
13. Why do machine parts get jammed in winter?

29
14. Why do the clouds float in the sky?
15. Antiseptics have low surface tension. Why?
16. What will be the effect of increasing temperature on (i) angle of contact (ii) surface tension?
17. For solids with an elastic modulus of rigidity, the shearing force is proportional to the shear
strain. On what factor does it depend in the case of fluids?
18. How does a temperature rise affect (i) the viscosity of gases (ii) the viscosity of liquids?
19. Explain why detergents should have a small angle of contact?
20. Write the dimensions of the coefficient of viscosity and surface tension.
21. Obtain a relation between the SI unit and the cgs unit of coefficient of viscosity.
22. Explain, how the use of a parachute helps a person jump from an aeroplane.
23. Why d o two ships moving in parallel directions close to each other get attracted

TWO/THREE MARK QUESTIONS

24. What height of the water column produces the same pressure as a 760mm high column of Hg.
25. Why does the velocity increase when water flowing in a broader pipe enters a narrow pipe?
26. A barometer kept in an elevator accelerating upwards reads 76 cm of Hg. What Will be
possible to air pressure inside the elevator?
27. a) Distinguish between liquid friction and solid friction.
b) Deepwater runs slow?
28. Eight raindrops of radius 0.001m each falling with a terminal velocity of 0.05 m/sec coalesce to
form a bigger drop. Calculate the terminal velocity of the bigger drop.
29. Water is conveyed through a horizontal tube 8cm in diameter and 4km in length at the rate of
20 lit/sec. Calculate the pressure required to maintain the flow. The coefficient of the viscosity of
water is 0.001pa-sec.
30. The pressure difference between two points of a horizontal pipe, through which water is
flowing is 1.4cm of mercury. The speed of the water at the point of the greater cross-section
is 60 cm/sec, calculate the speed at the other point.
31. At what speed will the velocity of a stream of water be equal to 20cm of mercury column?
(g=10m/sec2).
32. Find the velocity of efflux of water from an orifice near the bottom of a tank in which pressure
is 500gf/sq cm above the atmosphere.
33. Calculate the velocity with which a liquid emerges from a small hole in the side of a tank of the
the large cross-sectional area of the hole is 0.2 m below the surface liquid (g = 10 ms–2).
34. A soap bubble of radius 1 cm expands into a bubble of radius 2 cm. Calculate the increase in
surface energy if the surface tension for soap is 25 dyne/cm.
35. A glass plate of 0.2 m2 in the area is pulled with a velocity of 0.1 m/s over a larger glass plate that
is at rest. What force is necessary to pull the upper plate if the space between them is 0.003 m and
is filled with the oil of 0.01 Ns/m2.

30
36. The area of cross-section of a water pipe entering the basement of a house is 4 × 10–4 m2. The
pressure of water at this point is 3 × 105 N/m2, and the speed of water is 2 m/s. The pipe tapers
to an area of cross-section of 2 × 10–4 m2 when it reaches the second floor 8 m above the
basement. Calculate the speed and pressure of water flow on the second floor.
37. A large bottle is fitted with a siphon made of capillary glass tubing. Compare the times that
have taken empty the bottle when it is filled (i) with water (ii) with petrol of density 0.8 cgs units.
The viscosity of water and petrol are 0.01 and 0.02 cgs units respectively.

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS

38. (a)The flow of blood in a large artery of a dog is diverted through a venturi meter. The wider
part of the meter has a cross-sectional area equal to that of the artery i.e. 8 mm2. The narrower
part has an area of 4 mm2. The pressure drop in the artery is 24 Pa. What is the speed of blood in
an artery? density of blood= 1.06x103 kg/m3.
(b) Explain the streamlined and turbulent flow of fluid.
39. (a)Verify that the quantity Reynold’s number is dimensionless.
(b) Define the critical velocity of the fluid.
(c) What is the value of Reynold’s number for streamlined flow and laminar flow?
40. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem. Give its two limitations.
41. Show that there is always an excess pressure on the concave side of the meniscus of a liquid.
Obtain an expression for the excess pressure inside (i) a liquid drop (ii) soap bubble (iii) air bubble
inside a liquid.

31
 Chapter-11
Thermal properties of matter
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Molar Specific Heat capacity has units of
a. W/m.K c. J/mol.K
b. J.ohm/sec.K2 d. J/kg.K
2. A hole is drilled in a copper sheet. The diameter of the hole is 4.24 cm at 27.0 oC. What is the
change in the diameter of the hole when the sheet is heated to 227 oC? Coefficient of linear
expansion of copper = 1.70 × 10-5 K–1.
a. 1.24 x 10-2 cm c.1.44 x 10 -2 cm.
b.34 x 10-2 cm d.1.54 x 10 -2 cm
3. A student eats a dinner rated at 2000 Calories. He wishes to do an equivalent amount of work in
the gymnasium by lifting a 50.0-kg barbell. How many times must he raise the barbell to expend
this much energy? Assume that he raises the barbell at 2.00 m each time he lifts it and that he
regains no energy when he drops the barbell to the floor.
a .8.14 ×103 b. 8.74 × 103 c. 8.54 × 103 d.8.34 × 103
4. A spray can contain a propellant gas at twice atmospheric pressure (202 kPa) and have a volume
of 125 cm3 is at 22oC. It is then tossed into an open fire. When the temperature of the gas in the
can reaches 195oC, what is the pressure inside the car? Assume any change in the volume of the
can is negligible.
a.260 kPa b.300 kPa c.290 kPa d.320 kPa
5. In an experiment on the specific heat of a metal, a 0.20 kg block of the metal at 150o C is
dropped in a copper calorimeter (of water equivalent 0.025 kg) containing 150 cm 3 of water at
27oC. The final temperature is 40oC. Compute the specific heat of the metal.
a.0.43 J g-1K-1 b.0.37 J g-1K-1 c.0.40 J g-1K-1 d.0.46 J g-1K-1

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. Write the mathematical expression for Newton’s law of cooling.
7. What is a unit of the coefficient of linear expansion?
8. Why ice swims in the water.
9. Define the latent heat of fusion.
10. State Newton’s law of cooling.
11. What is the difference between Heat and temperature?
12. Name two physical changes that occur on heating a body.
13. Distinguish between heat and temperature.
14. Which thermometer is more sensitive to a mercury or gas thermometer?
15. Metal disc has a hole in it. What happens to the size of the hole when the disc is heated?

32
16. Name a substance that contracts on heating.
17. A gas is free to expand what will be its specific heat?
18. Is the bulb of a thermometer made of the diathermic or adiabatic wall?

TWO/THREE MARK QUESTIONS

19. How much the temp. of a brass rod should be increased to increase its length by 1%? Given
that α for brass=0.000020C-1 .
20. On heating a glass block of 10,000 cm3, from 250 C to 400 C, its volume increases by 4cm3.
Calculate the coefficient of linear expansion of glass.
21. A metal ball with 0.1m in radius is heated from 273 to 348 K. Calculate the increase in the
surface area of the ball. Given coefficient of the superficial expansion=0.000034 K-1.
22. Density ρ, mass m, and volume V are related as ρ= m/ V. Prove that 𝛾 = - 1/ρ .d ρ /dT
23. A steel wire 2mm in diameter is stretched between two clamps when its temp is 400C.
Calculate the tension in the wire when its temp falls to 300C.Given α steel=1.1x10-60C-1 and
YS=21X1011 dyne/cm2 .
24. Find the unit and dimension of the coefficient of thermal conductivity.
25. Calculate the rate of loss of heat through a glass window of area 1000 cm 2 and thickness
0.4 cm when temp inside is 370C and outside -50C. (Kglass=2.2x10-3cal s-1cm-1K-1)
26. Calculate the difference in temp between two sides of iron plates 20 mm thick, when heat is
conducted at the rate of 6x105 cal/min/ m2. Given Kmetal =0.2 cal/s/cm/ 0C.
27. The thermal conductivity of copper is four times that of brass. Two rods of copper and brass
of the same length and cross-section are joined end to end. The free end of the copper rod is 00C
and that of the brass rod is 1000C. Calculate the temp junction at equilibrium. (20 0c)
28. One end of a 0.25m long metal bar is in steam and the other is in contact with ice. If 12g of ice
melts per min, what is the thermal conductivity of the metal? Given cross-section of the bar=5x10-
4 m2 and L =80 cal/g .
ice
29. A body cools from 800C to 500C in 5 min. Calculate the time it takes to cool from 600C to 30 0C.
The temp of the surrounding is 20 0C.
30. A iron ring of diameter 5.231 m is to be fixed on a wooden rim of diameter 5.243 m both
Initially at 27ºC. To what temperature should the iron ring be heated to fit the rim
(Coefficient of linear expansion of iron is 1.2 × 105 k–1?
31. 100 g of ice at 0ºC is mixed with 100 g of water at 80ºC. The resulting temperature is 6ºC.
Calculate the heat of the fusion of ice.
32. Calculate heat required to convert 3 kg of water at 0ºC to steam at 100ºC. Given specific heat
the capacity of H2O = 4186 J kg–1k–1 and latent heat of steam = 2.256 × 106 J/kg.

33
 Chapter-12
Thermodynamics
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. A mono-atomic gas at a pressure P, having a volume V expand isothermally to a volume 2V and
then adiabatically to a volume 16V. The final pressure of the gas is (Y = 5/3)
a. 64 P b. 32 P
c. P/64 d. 16 P
2. P–V plots for two gages during t h e adiabatic process are shown in fig. Plots 1 & 2
should correspond respectively to
P

V
a. He and O2 b. O2 and He
c. He and Ar d. O2 and N2
3. The door of a running refrigerator inside a room is left open. The correct statement out of the
following ones is
a. The room will be cooled slightly
b. The room will be warmed up gradually
c. The room will be cooled to the temperature inside the refrigerator
d. The temperature of the room will remain unaffected.
4. A power plant that would make use of the temperature gradient in the ocean has been
proposed. The system is to operate between 5.00oC (water temperature at a depth of about 1 km)
and 20.0oC (surface water temperature). What is the maximum efficiency of such a system?
a. 5.02 % b. 5.12 %
c. 5.45 % d. 5.32 %
5. Internal energy of a system is
a. a complex variable b. a random variable
c. a state variable d. a discrete variable

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. State the first law of thermodynamics.

34
7. Why spark is produced when two substances are struck hard against each other?
8. What is the specific heat of a gas in an isothermal process?
9. On what factors, does the efficiency of the Carnot engine depend?
10. What are two essential features of Carnot’s ideal heat engine?
11. Plot a graph between internal energy U and Temperature (T) of an ideal gas.
12. Refrigerator transfers heat from a cold body to a hot body. Does this violate the second law of
thermodynamics?
13. Is it possible to increase the temperature of a gas without giving it the heat?

TWO/THREE MARK QUESTIONS

14. Calculate the specific heat at constant volume for a gas.
Given Cp= 6.85 cal/mol/K, R=8.31 J/mol/K and J=4.18 joule/cal.
15. The difference between the two principal sp heats of gas is 5000 J/kg/K and the ratio of sp
heats is 1.6. Find the two sp heats.
16. A gas is suddenly compressed to 1/4 th of its original volume. Calculate the rise in temp, the
original temp being 27 0 C and γ = 1.5. (300 0C)
17.1 mole of an ideal gas at 127 0C expands isothermally until its volume is doubled. Find the
amount of work done and heat absorbed.
18. Calculate the fall in temp of He initially at 15 0C, when it is suddenly expanded to 8 times its
original volume. ( 𝛾 = 5/3)
19. A cylinder containing 1 mole of a gas is compressed adiabatically until its temp rose from 27 0 C
to 97 0C.Calculate the work done and heat produced in the gas. (γ = 1.5)
20. Two samples of a gas initially at the same temp and pressure are compressed from a volume V
to V/2.One sample is compressed isothermally and the other adiabatically. Which pressure is
higher?
21. A tyre pumped to a pressure of 3.375 atm and at 27 0C suddenly bursts. Calculate the temp
of escaping air. Given (γ = 1.5)
22. The efficiency of the Carnot cycle is 1/6. By lowering the temperature of the sink by 65 K, it
increases to 1/3. Calculate the initial and final temps of the sink.
23. Two Carnot engines A & B are operated in series. The first one A receives heat at 800K and
rejects to a reservoir at T k. The second engine B receives the heat rejected by the first engine and
in turn rejects to a heat reservoir at 300k. Calculate the value of T, when (i) the output of the two
engines are equal (ii)the efficiency of the two engines are equal.
24. A Carnot engine whose heat sink is at 270C has an efficiency of 40 %. By how many degrees
should the temperature of the source be changed to increase the efficiency by 10% of the original
efficiency?
25. A refrigerator has to transfer an average of 260 J of heat per second from temperature -100C
TO 250C. Calculate the average power consumed, assuming no energy losses in the process.
26. Two samples of gas initially at the same temperature and pressure are compressed from

35
volume V to V/2 one sample is compressed isothermally and the other adiabatically in which case
the pressure will be higher? Explain?
27. Explain briefly the principle of a heat pump. What is meant by a coefficient of performance?
28. (a) Why a gas has two principal specific heat capacities
(b) Which one is greater and why?
(c) Of what significance is the difference between these two specific heat capacities and their
ratio?
29. Is it a violation of the second law of thermodynamics to convert
(a) Work completely into heat
(b) Heat completely into work, Why or why not?
30. A thermodynamic system is taken from an original state to an intermediate state by the linear
process shown in Fig given below. Its volume is then reduced to the original value from E to F by
an isobaric process. Calculate the total work done by the gas from D to E to F.

31. A perfect Carnot engine utilizes an ideal gas the source temperature is 500 K and the sink
temperature is 375 K. If the engine takes 600 k, Cal, per cycle from the source, calculate
(i) The efficiency of the engine
(ii) Work done per cycle
(iii) Heat rejected to sink per cycle

32. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series. The first one A receives heat at 900 K and
reject to a reservoir at temperature T K. The second engine B receives the heat rejected by the first
engine and in turn rejects to a heat reservoir at 400 K calculate the temperature T when
(i) The efficiencies of the two engines are equal
(ii) The work output of the two engines are equal

36
 Chapter-13
Kinetic theory
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. At what temperature is the rms velocity of a hydrogen molecule equal to that of an oxygen
molecule at 47°C.
a. –73K b. 3K c. 20 K d. 80 K
2. A gas behaves as an ideal gas at
a. low pressure and high-temperature
b. low pressure and low-temperature
c. high pressure and low-temperature
d. high pressure and high temperature
3. Molecular motion shows itself as
a. Temperature b. Internal energy
b. Friction d. Viscosity
4. The work done by (or on) a gas per mole per kelvin is called
a. Universal gas constant b. Boltzmann's constant
c. Gravitational constant d. Entropy
5. The root mean square speed of the molecules of a gas is
(a) independent of its pressure but directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature
(b) directly proportional to two square roots of both its pressure and its Kelvin temperature
(c) independent of its pressure but directly proportional to the square root of its Kelvin
temperature.
(d) directly proportional to its pressure and its Kelvin temperature.

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. Explain Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Gay-Lussac's law.
7. Calculate the value of R at NTP.
8. Molar volume is the volume occupied by 1 mole of any (ideal) gas at standard temperature
band pressure (STP;00C, 1 atm). Show that it is 22.4 litres. Take R= 8.31 J / mol/K
9. If the number of molecules in a container is doubled. What will be the effect on the rms speed
of the molecules?
10. Draw the graph between P and 1/V (reciprocal of volume) for a perfect gas at a constant
temperature.
11. Name the factors on which the degree of freedom of gas depends.
12. What is the volume of a gas at absolute zero temperature?
13. How much volume does one mole of gas occupy at STP?
14. What is an ideal gas?

37
15. The absolute temperature of a gas is increased 3 times what is the effect on the root mean
square velocity of the molecules?
16. What is the Kinetic energy per unit volume of a gas whose pressure is P?
17. A container has an equal number of molecules of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. If a fine hole is
added in the container, then which of the two gases shall leak out rapidly?

TWO/THREE MARK QUESTION

18. The velocities of three molecules are 3v, 4v, 5v. Calculate their root mean square velocity.
19. You are given the following group of particles ni represents the number of molecules with
speed vi.
ni 2 4 8 6 3
Vi m/sec 1 2 3 4 5
Calculate (i) average speed (ii)root mean square speed (iii) the most probable speed.
20. As an air bubble rises from the bottom of a lake to the surface, its volume is doubled. Find the
depth of the lake. Take atmospheric pressure = 76cm of Hg
21. A balloon, partially filled with helium, has a volume of 30m3 at the surface, the pressure if
76 cm of mercury and temperature is 270C. What will be the increase in the volume of the gas if
the balloon rises to a height where the pressure is 7.6cm of mercury and temperature -54oC?
22. At what temperature, pressure remaining unchanged, will the rms velocity of hydrogen be
doubled its value at NTP?
23. Calculate the temperature, pressure at which root mean square velocity of SO2 molecules is
the same as that of O2molecules at 127oC. Molecular weights of O2 & SO2 and 32 and 64
respectively.
24. If three molecules have velocities 0.5, 1, and 2 km s-1. Calculate the ratio of rms speed and
average speed.
25. The ratio of vapour densities of two gases at the same temp is 8:9s. Compare the rms
velocities of their molecules.
26. When an automobile travels for a long distance the air pressure in the tyres increases. Why?
27. A gas storage tank has a small leak. The pressure in the tank drops more quickly if the gas
is hydrogen than if it is oxygen. Why?
28. Why the land has a higher temperature than the ocean during the day but a lower
temperature at night.
29. Helium is a mixture of two isotopes having atomic masses o f 3g/mol and 4g/mol. In a
sample of helium gas, which atoms move faster on average?
30. State Avogadro’s law. Deduce is based on the Kinetic theory of gases.
31. Although the velocity of air molecules is nearly 0.5 km/s yet the smell of scent spreads at a
much slower rate why.
32. The root means square (rms) speed of oxygen molecule at a certain temperature ‘T’ is ‘V’. If the
temperature is doubled and oxygen gas dissociates into atomic oxygen what is the speed of

38
 atomic oxygen?
33. Equal masses of oxygen and helium gases are supplied an equal amount of heat. Which gas will
undergo a greater temperature rise and why?
34. Why does evaporation cause cooling?
35. Two thermally insulated vessels 1 and 2 are filled, with air at temperatures (T1, T2), volume
(V1, V2) at pressure (P1, P2) respectively. If the value joining the two vessels is opened what is
the temperature of the vessel at equilibrium?
36. A partition divides a container having insulated walls into two compartments I and II. The same
gas fills the two-compartment. What isthe ratio of the many molecules in compartments I and II?

37. An air bubble of volume 1.0 cm3 rises from the bottom of a lake 40 m deep at a temperature
of 12ºC. To what volume does it grow when it reaches the surface which is at a temperature
of 35ºC?
38. A vessel is filled with a gas at a pressure of 76 cm of mercury at a certain temperature. The
mass of the gas is increased by 50% by introducing more gas in the vessel at the same
temperature. Find out the resultant pressure of the gas.
39. One mole of a monoatomic gas is mixed with three moles of a diatomic gas. What is the
molecular specific heat of the mixture at constant volume? Take R = 8.31/mol–1 K–1.
40. An oxygen cylinder of volume 30 litre has an initial gauge pressure of 15 atmospheres and a
temperature of 27ºC. After some oxygen is withdrawn from the cylinder, the gauge pressure
drops to 11 atmospheres, and its temperature drops to17ºC. Estimate the mass of oxygen taken
out of the cylinder. (R = 8.31/mol–1 K–1) (molecular mass of O2 = 32)
41. At what temperature is the rms speed of oxygen atom equal to r.m.s. speed of helium gas
atom at – 10ºC? The atomic mass of helium = 4 Atomic mass of oxygen = 32
42. Estimate the total number of molecules inclusive of oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour, and other
constituents in a room of capacity 25.0 m3 at a temperature of 27ºC and 1 atmospheric pressure.
43. 0.014 kg of nitrogen is enclosed in a vessel at a temperature of 27ºC. How much heat has to
be transferred to the gas to double the rms speed of its molecules.

39
 Chapter-14
Oscillations
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. If a simple pendulum oscillates with an amplitude of 50 mm and period of 2s, its maximum velocity
is
a. 0.10 m/s b. 0.15 m/s
c. 0.8 m/s d. 0.26 m/s
2. If t h e tension in the string is increased from 1 KN to 4 KN, other factors remaining
unchanged, the frequency of the second harmonic will
a. be halved b. main changed
c . be doubled d. becomes four-time
3. The displacement of a particle executing S.H.M is given by y=0.25 sin 200 t cm. The maximum
speed of the particle is
a. 200 cm/sec b. 0.25 cm/sec
c. 100 cm/sec d. 50 cm/sec
4. The damped natural frequency of a Damped system is
a. same as natural frequency b. none of these
c. higher than natural frequency d. lower than the natural frequency
5. The length of the second pendulum on the surface of the earth is 1m. The length of the second’s
pendulum on the surface of the moon, where g is 1/6th the value on earth is 1
a. 36 m b. 6 m
c. 36 m d.1/6 m

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

6. Distinguish between periodic motion and oscillatory. Give examples.
7. What are periodic functions? Give examples?
8. Prove that the function (Sinwt – Coswt) represents SHM.
9. Will a pendulum gain or lose time when taken to the top of a mountain?
10. How is the period affected, if the amplitude of a simple pendulum is increased?
11. Define the force constant of a spring.
12. At what distance from the mean position, is the kinetic energy in the simple harmonic
is oscillator equal to potential energy?
13. How is the frequency of oscillation related to the frequency of change in the K.E. and P.E. of the
body in S.H.M.?
14. What is the frequency of total energy of a particle in S.H.M.?
15. How is the length of t h e second's pendulum related to acceleration due to the gravity of
any planet?

40
16. If the bob of a simple pendulum is made to oscillate in some fluid of density greater than the
density of air (density of the bob > density of the fluid), then the period of the pendulum
increased or decrease.
17. How is the period of the pendulum affected when the pendulum is taken to hills or in
mines?

TWO/THREE MARK QUESTIONS

18. A particle is executing SHM. Identify the positions of the particle where
1) K.E. of the particle is zero. 2) P.E. is zero. 3) P.E. is 1/4 that of the T.E. 4) K.E. and P.E. are equal.
19. Write the condition necessary for a motion to be SHM.
20. A simple pendulum is inside a spacecraft. What should be its period of vibration?
21. What is the displacement of the particle from the mean position where KE is equal to PE?
22. Two SHM are given by X1=10 sin(4π t + π/4) ,X2 = 5(sin 4π t + √3cos 4πt). What is the ratio of
their amplitudes?
23. A body is executing SHM of amplitude 1 m. Its velocity while passing through the mean
position, is 10 m/s. Find its frequency.
24. Draw a graph showing the variation of P. E., K. E., and TE of a simple harmonic oscillator with
displacement.
25. Show that for a particle executing SHM, velocity, and displacement have a phase difference of
π/2.
26. A particle executes SHM with a period of 2sec and an amplitude of 5cm. Find
1) displacement 2)velocity 3)acceleration, after 1/3sec, starting from the mean position.
27. A particle is moving in SHM in a straight line. When the distance of the particle from means
the position has values x1 and x2, the corresponding velocities are u1 and u2. Show that time
period of vibration is given by T=2π [(x22 - x21)/ (u21-u22 )]1/2
28. Springs of spring constants k,2k,4k,8k,-------------∞ are connected in series. A mass of m kg is
attached to the lower end of the last spring and the system is allowed to vibrate.
29. Why are longitudinal waves called pressure waves?
30. If the splash is heard 4.23 sec after a stone is dropped into a well, 78.4 m deep, find the
the velocity of sound in the air.
31. A progressive wave of frequency 500hz is travelling with a velocity of 360m/s. How far apart
are two points 600 out of phase?
32. A wave pulse is travelling on a string of linear mass density 1 g/cm under a tension of 1kg wt.
Calculate the time taken by the pulse to travel a distance of 50 cm on the string. (g=9.8 m/sec2).5.
Find the temp at which sound travels in hydrogen with the same velocity as in oxygen at 10000C.
The density of oxygen is 16 times that of hydrogen.
33. A displacement wave is represented by y = 0.25x10-3 sin(500 t – 0.025 x) .Calculate
1)amplitude 2)Period 3)angular frequency 4)wavelength 5)amplitude of particle velocity
6) the amplitude of particle acceleration. Where y, t, and x are in cm, sec, and metre respectively.

41
34. A stone is dropped into a well in which water is 78.4 m deep. After how long will the sound of
splash be heard at the top? Take velocity of sound in air =332ms-1.
35. The whistle of an engine moving at 30km/h is heard by a motorist driving at 15km/h and he
estimated the pitch to be 500. What would be the actual pitch if two are approaching each other?
The velocity of sound is 1220km/h.
36. Show that for a particle in linear simple harmonic motion, the acceleration is directly
proportional to its displacement of the given instant.
37. Show that for a particle in linear simple harmonic motion, the average kinetic energy throughout
oscillation, equals the average potential energy over the same period.
38. Deduce an expression for the velocity of a particle executing S.H.M. when is the particle
velocity (i) Maximum (ii) minimum?
39. Draw (a) displacement time graph of a particle executing SHM with phase angle equal to
zero (b) velocity-time graph and (c) acceleration time graph of the particle

42
 Chapter- 15
Waves
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The fundamental frequency of a stretched string is v0. If the length is reduced by 35% and tension
increased by 69% the fundamental frequency will be
a. 0.2 v0 c. 0.5 v
.
c. 2.0 v0 d.1.6 v0

2. Two waves of the same frequency travelling in the same medium in the opposite direction
when superimposed give rise to
a. beats c. standing waves
b. harmonics d. resonance
3. For two systems to be in resonance, which of the following properties should be equal?
a. Wavelength c. Amplitude
b. Frequency d. Wave velocity
4. Angle between wave velocity and particle velocity of a longitudinal wave is
a. 90° b. 60°
c. 0° d.120°
5. The frequency of the vibrating string is 200 Hz. If the tension is doubled, the frequency will be
approximately
a. 400.8 Hz c. 240.4 Hz
b. 320.6 Hz d. 282.8 Hz

ONE WORD QUESTIONS

6. Under what conditions does a sudden phase reversal of waves on reflection takes place?
7. The speed of sound does not depend upon its frequency. Give an example in support of this
statement.
8. If an explosion takes place at the bottom of a lake or sea, will the shock waves in the water be
longitudinal or transverse?
9. Frequency is the most fundamental property of the wave, why?
10. How do wave velocity and particle velocity differ from each other?
11. If any liquid of density higher than the density of water is used in a resonance tube, how will the
frequency change?
12. Under what condition, the Doppler effect will not be observed, if the source of sound moves
towards the listener?
13. What physical change occurs when a source of sound moves and the listener is stationary?
14. What physical change occurs when a source of sound is stationary and the listener moves?
15. If two sound waves of frequencies 480 Hz and 536 Hz superpose, will they produce beats?

43
Would you hear the beats?
16. Define non-dissipative medium.

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

17. Why are longitudinal waves called pressure waves?
18. If the splash is heard 4.23 sec after a stone is dropped into a well, 78.4 m deep, find the
velocity of sound in the air.
19. A progressive wave of frequency 500hz is travelling with a velocity of 360m/s. How far apart
are two points 600 out of phase?
20. A wave pulse is travelling on a string of linear mass density 1 g/cm under a tension of 1kg wt.
Calculate the time taken by the pulse to travel a distance of 50 cm on the string. (g=9.8 m/sec2).5.
Find the temp at which sound travels in hydrogen with the same velocity as in oxygen at 1000 0C.
The density of oxygen is 16 times that of hydrogen.
21. A displacement wave is represented by y = 0.25x10-3 sin(500 t – 0.025 x) .Calculate
1)amplitude 2)Period 3)angular frequency 4)wavelength 5)amplitude of particle velocity
6) the amplitude of particle acceleration. Where y, t, and x are in cm, sec, and metre respectively.
22. A policeman blows a whistle of frequency 400hz as a car speeds past him with a velocity of
54km/hr. Find the change in frequency as heard by the driver of the car just as he passes the
policeman. The velocity of sound in air is 350m/s
23. A railway engine and a car are moving on parallel tracks in opposite directions with speeds of
144 km/hr and 72km/h respectively. The engine is continuously sounding a whistle of frequency
500 Hz. The velocity of sound is 340ms-1. Calculate the frequency of the sound heard in the car
when
a) the car and engine are approaching one another;
b) the two are moving away from one another.
24. A stone is dropped into a well in which water is 78.4 m deep. After how long will the sound of
splash be heard at the top? Take velocity of sound in air =332ms-1.
25. The whistle of an engine moving at 30km/h is heard by a motorist driving at 15km/h and he
estimated the pitch to be 500. What would be the actual pitch if two are approaching each other?
The velocity of sound is 1220km/h.
26. A steel rod 100 cm long is clamped at its middle. The fundamental frequency of longitudinal
vibrations of the rod as given to be 2.53 kHz. What is the speed of sound in steel?
27. A progressive wave of frequency 500 Hz is travelling with a velocity of 360 m/s. How far apart are
two points 60° out of phase?
28. An observer moves towards a stationary source of sound with a velocity one-fifth of the velocity
of sound. What is the % increase in apparent frequency?

44
 Case study based questions
1. Applications of Dimensions
The concept of dimensions and dimensional formulae are put to the following uses:
(i) Checking the results obtained
(ii) Conversion from one system of units to another
(iii) Deriving relationships between physical quantities
(iv) Scaling and studying models.
The underlying principle for these uses is the principle of homogeneity of dimensions. According to
this principle, the ‘net’ dimensions of the various physical quantities on both sides of a permissible
physical relation must be the same; also only dimensionally similar quantities can be added to or
subtracted from each other.
1 . KWH is a unit of
1. Time 2. Power 3. Energy 4. Stress
2. Unit of Intensity of magnetic induction field is
1.N/Am 2. Tesla 3.Wb/ 4. All above
3. Which of the following has no units?
1. Thermal capacity 2. Magnetic susceptibility
3. Angular acceleration 4. Moment of a magnet
4. Which one of the following units is a fundamental unit?
1. watt 2. joule/sec 3. ampere 4. newton
5. kg m/sec is the unit of
1. Impulse 2. Angular acceleration
3 . Capacity of condenser 4. Acceleration.
2. Kinematical Graphs
The displacement time and the velocity-time graphs of a particle are often used to provide us
with a visual representation of the motion of a particle. The ‘shape’ of the graphs depends on
the initial ‘coordinates’ and the ‘nature’ of the acceleration of the particle (Fig.)

1. A boy starts from point A, travels to point B at a distance of 3 km from A and returns to A. If
he takes two hours to do so, his speed is

45
(a) 3 km/h (b) zero
(c) 2 km/h (d) 1.5 km/h
2. A 180-metre long train is moving due north at a speed of 25 m/s. A small bird is flying due
south, a little above the train, with a speed of 5 m/s. The time taken by the bird to cross the
train is
(a) 10 s (b) 12 s
(c) 9 s (d) 6 s
3. A body starts from rest and travels for five seconds to make a displacement of 25 m if it has
travelled the distance with uniform acceleration then a is
(a) 3 m/s² (b) 4 m/s²
(c) 2 m/s² (d) 1 m/s²
4. A body starts from rest and travels with an acceleration of 2 m/s². After t seconds its
velocity is 10 m/s. Then t is
(a) 10 s (b) 5 s
(c) 20 s (d) 6 s
5. A body starts from rest and travels with a uniform acceleration of 2 m/s². If its velocity is v
after making a displacement of 9 m, then v is
(a) 8 m/s (b) 6 m/s
(c) 10 m/s (d) 4 m/s
3. Concurrent forces are said to be in equilibrium if there is no change in the position of rest
or the state of uniform motion of the body on which these concurrent forces are acting.
For concurrent forces to be in equilibrium, their resultant force must be zero. In the case of
three concurrent forces acting in a plane, the body will be in equilibrium if these three forces
may be completely represented by three sides of a triangle taken in order. If some concurrent
forces are more than three, then these forces must be represented by sides of a closed
polygon for equilibrium.
1. A body is sliding down a rough inclined plane which makes an angle of 30 degrees with the
horizontal. If the coefficient of friction is 0.3, the acceleration in m/s² is
(a) 1.95 (b) 2.35
(c) 3.47 (d) 4.6
2. If the Maximum and minimum values of the resultant of two forces acting at a point are 7N
and 3N respectively, the smaller force is equal to
(a) 4N (b) 5N
(c) 3N (d) 2N
3. If two forces are acting at a point such that the magnitude of each force is 2N and the
magnitude of their resultant is also 2N, then the angle between the two forces is
(a) 120° (b) 60°
(c) 90° (d) 0°

46
4. If the tension in the cable supporting an elevator is equal to the weight of the elevator,
the elevator maybe
(a) going up with increasing speed (b) going down with increasing speed
(c) going up with uniform speed (d) elevator falls freely under gravity
5. Monkey of mass 40 kg climbs on a rope which can stand a maximum tension of 600 N.
What is the tension in the rope if the monkey falls down the rope nearly freely under gravity?
(a) 400 N (b) 200 N
(c) 0 N (d) 600 N

4. Geostationary Satellite
The satellite that has the same period of revolution as that of the earth is called a
geostationary satellite. Such satellites should rotate in the equatorial plane from west to east.
The orbit of a geostationary satellite is called ‘parking orbit’. These satellites are used for
communication purposes. A geostationary satellite revolves around the earth in a circular
orbit at a height of about 36,000 km from the surface of the earth.
1. A missile is launched with a velocity less than the escape velocity. The sum of its kinetic and
potential energy is
(a) Positive (b) Negative
(c) Zero (d) may be positive or negative
2. What would be the year if the distance between the earth and the sun gets doubled?
(a) 1032 days (b) 129 days
(c) 365 days (d) 730 days
3. If a body of mass m is taken out from a point below the surface of earth equal to half the
radius of the earth, R, to a height R above the earth’s surface, then work done on it will be
(a) (5/6) mgR (b) (6/7) mgR
(c) (7/8) mgR (d) (8/9) mgR
4. An artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the earth has a total (kinetic +
potential) energy E0. Its potential energy is
(a) 2E0 (b) E0
(c) 1.5 E0 (d) -E0
5. There is no atmosphere on the moon because
(a) it is closer to the earth (b) it revolves around the earth
(c) it gets light from the sun
(d) the escape velocity of gas molecules is less than their root means square velocity here

47
6. Magnus Effect
When a ball is given a spin when it is in a streamline of air molecules, it will follow a curved
path that is convex towards the greater pressure side. This idea is the basis of the ball from
spin bowlers getting a lift and aerodynamics.

1. In Bernoulli's theorem, ____ is conserved.

(a)Energy (b)Mass
(c)Linear (d)Angular momentum
2. Which of the following is true regarding the condition for a Venturimeter to measure the rate
of flow of a liquid?
(a)The density of the liquid should be very less. (b)The liquid should be incompressible.
(c)The liquid should have a turbulent flow. (d)The liquid should be colourless.
3. If liquid rises in a tube due to capillary action, the angle of contact would be ____.
(a)Zero (b) Obtuse
(c)Acute (d) 90°
4. A square flat plate of the side 25 cm moves over another similar plate with a thin layer of 0.4
cm of a liquid between them. If a force of 1 kg-wt moves one of the plates uniformly with a
velocity of 1ms-1, then the coefficient of viscosity will be ____. (Assume g = 9.8 × ms-2)
(a) 0.63 Pa s (b) 6.3 Pa s
(c) 2.5 Pa s (d) 0.25pa s
5. If the level of water in a tank is 5 m high and a hole of area 1 cm 2 is made in the bottom of
the tank, then the rate of leakage of water from the hole will be ____. (assume g = 10 ms -2)
(a)103 m3s-1 (b)10-3 m3s-1
(c)10-4 m3s-1 (d)104 m3s-1
7. Calorimetry is concerned with the measurement of heat, the basic apparatus for this
purpose being called the calorimeter. When two bodies at different temperatures are ‘mixed’,
heat ‘flows’ from the body at a higher temperature to the one at a lower temperature, until a
common ‘equilibrium’ temperature is reached. Assuming this ‘heat exchange’ to be confined
to the two bodies alone (i.e., neglecting any heat loss to the surroundings) we have, from the
law of energy conservation:
Heat gained by one body = heat lost by the other.
1. There are three Rods A, B, C of equal length L at the same temperature. Their coefficient of
linear expansion is αa, αb, αc respectively. if the temperature of all rod is increased by θ ° C and
the coefficient of linear expansion is like αb>αa >αc. then what will be the final order of length
of the rod
(a) Lc>Lb>Lc (b) Lb= La= Lc
(c) La>Lb>Lc (d) Lb>La>Lc

48
2. A metal ball immersed in alcohol weight m1 at 0 °C and m2 at 150 °C. The coefficient of
cubical expansion of the metal is less than that of alcohol. Assuming that the density of metal
is large as compared to that alcohol, it can be shown
(a) m1- m2>0 (b) m1- m2<0
(c) m1=m2 (d) None of the above
3. The sprinkling of water reduces the temperature of the closed room
(a) The water has a large latent heat of vaporization (b) Water is a bad conductor of heat
(c) Specific heat of water is high
(d) The temperature of the water is less than that of room
4. A cup of tea cools from 80°C to 60°C in one minute. The ambient temperature is 30°C. in
cooling from 60°C to 50°C, it will take.
(a) 50 sec (b) 90 sec
(c) 60 sec (d) 30 sec

Assertion reason type questions two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and
the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false
1. Assertion: Mass, length and time are fundamental physical quantities.
Reason: They are independent of each other.
2. Assertion: The units of some physical quantities can be expressed as a combination of the
base units.
Reason: We need only a limited number of units for expressing the derived physical
quantities.
3. Assertion: In a uniformly accelerated motion, acceleration the graph is a straight line with a
positive slope.
Reason: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
4. Assertion: The kinematics mechanisms shown in figure 1 and figure 2 below are the
kinematic inversion of the same kinematic chain.

49
Reason: Both the kinematic mechanisms have an equal number of links and revolute joints,
but different fixed links.
5. Assertion: Newton's second law of motion given the measurement of force.
Reason: According to Newton's second law of motion, force is directly proportional to the rate
of change of momentum.
6. Assertion: No force is required by the body to remain in any state.
Reason: In uniform linear motion, acceleration has a finite value.
7. Assertion: Mass is a measure of inertia of the body in linear motion.
Reason: Greater the mass, the greater is the force required to change its state of rest or
uniform motion.
8. Assertion: All oscillatory motions are necessarily periodic motion but all periodic motions
are not oscillatory.
Reason: Simple pendulum is an example of oscillatory motion.
9. Assertion: Simple harmonic motion is a uniform motion.
Reason: Simple harmonic motion is the projection of uniform circular motion.
10. Assertion: Centre of mass of a system does not move under the action of internal forces.
Reason: Internal forces are non-conservative forces.

50
 Model Paper-1

General Instructions:
(1) All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
• Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs
of 1 mark each.
• Section B has two case-based questions of 4 marks each.
• Section C contains nine short answer questions of 2 marks each.
• Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each and Section E contains
three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
(4) There is no overall choice. However, internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one
of the choices in such questions.
________________________________________________________________________________
Section – A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
1. Write the dimensional formula for compressibility.
2. What is the ratio of the time taken to go up and come down by a body thrown vertically up?
3. Keeping the angle of projection the same, what is the effect on the horizontal range of a particle
when its velocity is doubled.
Or
At what angle do the two forces A+B and A-B act so that their resultant is (3A2+B2)1/2.
4. What is the basic condition for Newton’s law of cooling to be obeyed?
Or
If the temperature is increased, what is the effect on the period of a pendulum?
5. When a body accelerates by αt, what is the velocity after time t when it starts from rest?
6. What is an extension in spring placed in a satellite, if a block of mass m is hung from it?
7. Is the bulb of a thermometer made of diathermic or adiabatic wall. Give reason?
8. Why is an air bubble in a liquid move in an upward direction?
9. How does running hot water on a jar lid loosen it?
10. What is the phase relationship between displacement, velocity, and acceleration in SHM?
Or
What is the frequency of total energy of the particle in SHM?
For question numbers 11, 12, 13, and 14, two statements are given-one
labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false

51
d) A is false and R is also false
11. Assertion: Work done in uniform circular motion is zero.
Reason: Force is always directed along with displacement.
12. Assertion: Centre of mass of a system does not move under the action of internal forces.
Reason: Internal forces are non-conservative forces.
13. Assertion: At pole value of acceleration due to gravity (g) is greater than that of the equator.
Reason: Earth rotates on its axis in addition to revolving around the sun.
14. Assertion: A change in the temperature of a body cause change in dimensions.
Reason: The dimensions of a body decrease due to the increase in its temperature.
Section-B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4
subparts from each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
15. Concurrent forces are said to be in equilibrium if there is no change in the position of rest or
the state of uniform motion of the body on which these concurrent forces are acting.
For concurrent forces to be in equilibrium, their resultant force must be zero. In the case of three
concurrent forces acting in a plane, the body will be in equilibrium if these three forces may be
completely represented by three sides of a triangle taken in order. If the number of concurrent
forces is more than three, then these forces must be represented by sides of a closed polygon for
equilibrium.
1. A body is sliding down a rough inclined plane which makes an angle of 30 degrees with the
horizontal. If the coefficient of friction is 0.3, the acceleration in m/s² is
(a) 1.95 (b) 2.35
(c) 3.47 (d) 4.6
2. If the Maximum and minimum values of the resultant of two forces acting at a point are 7N and
3N respectively, the smaller force is equal to
(a) 4N (b) 5N
(c) 3N (d) 2N
3. If two forces are acting at a point such that the magnitude of each force is 2N and the
magnitude of their resultant is also 2N, then the angle between the two forces is
(a) 120° (b) 60°
(c) 90° (d) 0°
4. If the tension in the cable supporting an elevator is equal to the weight of the elevator, the
elevator maybe
(a) going up with increasing speed (b) going down with increasing speed
(c) going up with uniform speed (d) elevator falls freely under gravity
5. Monkey of mass 40 kg climbs on a rope which can stand a maximum tension of 600 N. What is
the tension in the rope if the monkey falls down the rope nearly freely under gravity?
(a) 400 N (b) 200 N
(c) 0 N (d) 600 N

52
16. Magnus Effect
When a ball is given a spin when it is in a streamline of air molecules, it will follow a curved path
that is convex towards the greater pressure side. This idea is the basis of the ball from spin
bowlers getting a lift and aerodynamics.

1. In Bernoulli's theorem, ____ is conserved.

(a)Energy (b)Mass
(c)Linear (d)Angular momentum
2. Which of the following is true regarding the condition for a Venturimeter to measure the rate of
flow of a liquid?
(a)The density of the liquid should be very less. (b)The liquid should be incompressible.
(c)The liquid should have a turbulent flow. (d)The liquid should be colourless.
3. If liquid rises in a tube due to capillary action, the angle of contact would be ____.
(a)Zero (b) Obtuse
(c)Acute (d) 90°
4. A square flat plate of the side 25 cm moves over another similar plate with a thin layer of 0.4 cm
of a liquid between them. If a force of 1 kg-wt moves one of the plates uniformly with a velocity of
1ms-1, then the coefficient of viscosity will be ____. (Assume g = 9.8 × ms-2)
(a) 0.63 Pa s (b) 6.3 Pa s
(c) 2.5 Pa s (d) 0.25pa s
5. If the level of water in a tank is 5 m high and a hole of area 1 cm 2 is made in the bottom of the
tank, then the rate of leakage of water from the hole will be ____. (assume g = 10 ms-2)
(a)103 m3s-1 (b)10-3 m3s-1
(c)10-4 m3s-1 (d)104 m3s-1

Section – C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
17. A rigid spherical body is spinning around an axis without any external torque. Due to a
temperature change, the volume increases by 1%. What will be the percentage change in angular
velocity?
18. Derive the expression for distance travelled by the uniformly accelerated body in n th seconds?
Or
Derive position time and velocity-time equation by calculus method?
19. Town A and B are connected by regular bus service with a bus leaving in either direction every
T min. A man cycling with a speed of 20 kmh-1 in the direction A to B notices that a bus goes past
him every 18 min in the direction of his motion, and every 6 min in the opposite direction. What is
the period T of the bus service and with what speed do the buses ply the road?
20. Three identical blocks each having a mass m, are pushed by a force F on a frictionless table as
shown in figure

53
What is the acceleration of the blocks? What is the net force on block P? What force does P apply
on Q. What force does Q apply on R?
Or
Two masses of 5 kg and 3 kg are suspended with help of massless inextensible strings as shown in
Figure.
Calculate T1 and T2 when the whole system is going upwards with acceleration = 2 ms-2 (use g = 9.8
ms-2)

21. State and prove work energy theorem?

22. What is a geostationary Satellite. Obtain the expression for the height of the geostationary
satellite.
23. Two particles of equal mass go round a circle of radius R under the action of their mutual
gravitational attraction. Find the speed of each particle.
24. Three balls of masses 1kg, 2kg, and 3kg are arranged at the corners of an equilateral triangle of
side 1m. What will be the moment of inertia of the system about an axis through the centroid and
perpendicular to the plane of the triangle?

25. The resistance of a metallic wire is given by R = V/I, where V is the potential difference and I is
the current. In the circuit, the potential difference across the resistance is V = (8 ± 0.5) V and
current I = (4 ± 0.2) A. What is the value of resistance with its percentage error?
Section -D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
26. Discuss Newton’s formula for the velocity of sound in air medium and apply Laplace’s
correction.
27. A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump up water to fill the tank of volume 30cm 3
in 15 min. if the is 40 m above the ground, and the efficiency of the pump is 30%, how much
electric power is consumed by the pump? (neglect the height of the tank)

54
28. Consider a P-V diagram in which the path followed by one mole of a perfect gas in a cylindrical
container is shown in Figure.

i. Find the work done when the gas is taken from state 1 to state 2.
ii. What is the ratio of temperature T1/T2, if V2=2V1?
29. The edge of an aluminium cube is 10 cm long. One face of the cube is firmly fixed to a vertical
wall. A mass of 100 kg is then attached to the opposite facet of the cube. The shear modulus of
aluminium is 25 GPa. What is the vertical deflection of this face?
Or
What is meant by elastic potential energy? Derive an expression for the elastic potential energy of
stretched wire.
30. Write the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases. Based on kinetic theory derive an
expression for the pressure exerted by an ideal gas.
Section – E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
31. (a) Derive the equation of motion of a projectile projected at an angle θ with the ground with
velocity u.
(b) There are two angles of projection for which the horizontal range is the same. Prove that the
sum of the maximum height for these two angles does not depend upon the angle of projection.
Or
(a) Derive the expression for the centripetal acceleration of uniform circular motion
(b) A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27km/hr. As he approaches the circular motion on the road
of radius 80m, he applies brakes and reduces his speed at a constant rate of 0.5m/s 2. Find the
magnitude and direction of net acceleration of cyclists on the circular motion.
32. (a) Derive an expression for the rate of flow of fluid as measured by the venturi meter.
(b) In a test experiment on a model aeroplane in a wind tunnel, the flow speeds on the upper and
lower surfaces of the wing are 70m/s and 63m/s respectively. What is a lift on the wing if its area
is 2.5m2? Take the density of air to be 1.3kg/m3
Or
State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem. Write its two limitations.
33. (a) Deduce an expression for the period of the vertical oscillations of a massless loaded spring.
Does it depend on acceleration due to gravity?
(b) Two identical springs each of force constant k are connected in (a) series (b) parallel, and they
support a mass m. calculate the ratio of the periods of mass in the two systems.
Or

55
(a) Show that for small oscillations the motion of a simple pendulum is simple harmonic. Derive an
expression for its period. Does it depend on the mass of the bob?
(b) Two pendulums of lengths 100cm and 110.25cm start oscillating in phase. After how many
oscillations will they again be in the same phase?

56
 Model paper-2
General Instructions:
I. There are 17 questions in this question paper. All questions are compulsory.
II. Section A contains objective type questions that carry 1 mark each.
III. Section B contains 8 to 11 are short answer questions that carry 2 marks each.
IV. Section C Contain 12 to 16 are short answer questions that carry 3 marks each.
V. Section D contains 17 questions that are long answer type questions carrying 5 marks.
Section A
1. If water does not wet glass, its angle of contact is
(a) Zero (b) acute (c) obtuse (d) right angle
2. Bernoulli’s equation is an example of conservation of
(a) energy (b) momentum (c) angular momentum d) mass
3. The latent heat of vaporization of a substance is always
(a) Greater than its latent heat of fusion
(b) Greater than its latent heat of sublimation
(c) Equal to its latent heat of sublimation
(d) Less than its latent heat of fusion
4. At a common temperature, a block of wood and a block of metal feel equally cold or hot. The
temperatures of block and wood are
(a) equal to the temperature of the body (b) less than the temperature of the body
(c) greater than the temperature of the body (d) either (b) or (c)
5. The braking force for a wire of diameter D of material is F. The braking force for a wire of the
same material of radius D is
(a) F (b) 2F (c) F/4 (d) 4F
6. A body of weight mg is hanging on a string that extends in length by l. The work done in
extending the string is
(a) mgl (b) mgl/2 (c) 2mgl (d) none of these
7. In the case of forced vibration, the resonance curve becomes very sharp when the
(a) applied periodic force is small (b) quality factor is small
(c) damping force is small (d) restoring force is small

Section-B

8. Calculate the work done in blowing a soap bubble from a radius of 2cm to 3cm. The surface tension of
the soap solution is 30dyne/cm.
Or
Two narrow bores of diameters 3.0 mm and 6.0 mm are joined together to form a U-tube open at both
ends. If the U-tube contains water, what is the difference in its levels in the two limbs of the tube? The
surface tension of water at the temperature of the experiment is 7.3 x 10-2 Nm-2. Take the angle of contact
to be zero and density of water to be 1.0 x 103 kg m-3(g = 9.8 ms-2).

57
9. Calculate the heat required to convert 3 kg of ice at -120c kept in a calorimeter to steam at 100oc
at atmospheric pressure.
10. Derive the expression for velocity and acceleration of a body executing SHM.
11. A horizontal spring block system of mass M executes simple harmonic motion. When the block
is passing through its equilibrium position, an object of mass m is put on it and the two move
together. Find the new amplitude and frequency of vibration.
Section-C
12. State Newton’s law of cooling. Express it mathematically.
13. Why Cp>Cv. Derive Cp-Cv=R.
Or
Derive an expression for the work done during the adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas.
14. (a) What is meant by elastic potential energy? Derive an expression for the elastic potential
energy of stretched wire.
(b) What does the slope of stress versus strain graph give?
15. Write the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases. Derive the expression for pressure
exerted by an ideal gas?
16. Explain Newton’s formula for the velocity of sound in a gas. Why and what correction was
applied by Laplace in this formula?
Section-D
17. (a) State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem.
(b) Calculate the total energy possessed by one kg of water at a point where the pressure is 20gf/mm2,
velocity is 0.1 m/s and the height is 50cm above the ground level.

58
 Model paper-3
General Instructions:
I. This question paper comprises of three sections, A, B and C. You are to attempt all the sections.
II. Section A contains 18 questions. Attempt any 15 each of 1 mark.
III. Section B contains 4 questions each of 2 marks.
IV. Section C contains 4 questions each of 3 marks.
Section A
1. If the error in the measurement of a physical quantity radius of the sphere is 3%. What would be the
error in measuring the volume of the sphere?
(A) 9% (B) 6% (C)4% (D)27%
2. A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes 5 steps forward and 3 steps backwards, followed again by 5
steps forward and 3 steps backwards, and so on. Each step is 1 m long and requires 1 s. Determine how
long the drunkard takes to fall in a pit 13 m away from the start.
(A) 13 S (B) 37 S (C) 31S (D) 20 S
3. The radius of a sphere is measured as (2.1 ± 0.5) cm calculate its surface area with error limits.
(A) (55.4±26.4) cm2 (B)(60.4±26.4) cm2 (C)(31±2) cm2 (D)(44.1±1) cm2
4. If the distance covered by a moving object varies directly as the time, what conclusion could you draw
about the forces
(A) Zero (B) constant (C) variable (D) cannot explain
5. A man is 9 m behind the door of a train when it starts moving with acceleration a = 2m/s2 The man runs
at full speed. after what time does he get on the train?
(A)3 S (B) 4 S (C) 2 S (d) 1 S
6. If a body loses half of its velocity on penetrating 3 cm in a wooden block, then how much will it penetrate
more before coming to rest?
(A) 2 cm (B) 1 cm (C) 3 cm (D) 4cm
7. A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum horizontal distance of 100 m. How much high above the
ground can the cricketer throw the same ball?
(A) 100M (B) 50M (C) 25M (D) 10M
8. Two bodies of masses 10 kg and 20 kg respectively kept on a smooth, horizontal surface are tied to the
ends of a tight string. A horizontal force F = 600 N is applied along the direction of the string as shown in
the figure. What is the tension in the string in a string?

(A) 100 N (B) 200N (C) 50N (D) 300 N

9. 18. A body is moved along a straight line by a machine delivering constant power. The distance moved by
the body in time t is proportional to
(a)t1/2 (b)t 3/4 (c) t3/2 (d) t²

59
10. A stone of mass m tied to a string of length I am rotated in a circle with the other end of the string as
the centre. The speed of the stone is v. If the string breaks, the stone will
(a) move towards the centre (b) move away from the centre
(c) move along tangent (d) stop
11. If V is the gravitational potential on the surface of the earth, then what is its value at the centre of the
earth?
(a)- 2V (b) -3V (c) -3/2 V (d) -2/3 V
12. If the waterfalls from a dam into a turbine wheel 19.6 m below, then the velocity of water at the
turbine deform (Take g=98ms-1 ) is
(a) 9.8 ms-1 (b) 19.6 m s-1 (c) 39.2 m s-1 (d) 98.0 m s-1
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is also false.
13. Assertion: when a body moves along a circular path, no work is done by the centripetal force.
Reason: The centripetal force is used in moving the body along the circular path and hence no work is
done.

14. Assertion: KE is conserved at every instant of elastic collision.

Reason: No deformation of matter occurs inelastic collision.

Case Study
Read the following paragraph and answers the questions: (15-18)

The acceleration produced in the motion of a body due to the force of gravity is called acceleration due
to gravity. At the surface of the earth, g=GM/R 2. The value of g depends on the altitude, depth, latitude
and also on the shape of the earth. The value of g decreases with the increase in height h.

15. 1. At what height h above the earth, the value of g becomes g/2? (R = Radius of the earth)
(a) 3 R (b) √2 R (c)(√2-1)R (d)1/√2 R
16. The acceleration due to gravity at a depth d is g d and at height h above the surface of the earth is gh .
If d = 2h then the ratio of gd/gh is equal to
(a) 1 (b) ½ (c) 2/1 (d) 1/4

60
17. A body weighed 250 N on the surface. Assuming the earth to be a sphere of uniform mass density,
how much would it weigh halfway down to the centre of the earth?
(a) 240N (b) 210 N (c) 195N (d) 125 N

18. If the earth stops moving around its polar axis, then what will be the effect on the weight of a body
placed at the south pole?
(a) Remain same (b) Increase (c) Decrease but not zero (d) Decrease to zero
SECTION B
1. If the kinetic energy of a body is increased by 300%. By what % will the linear momentum of the body
increase?
2. Explain elastic collision in one dimension, prove that velocity of approach is equal to velocity after
Separation.
3. Find the value of 60 J/min on a system that has 100 g, 100 cm and 1 min as fundamental units.
4. A man is moving towards the east with velocity (vm) and the rain is falling vertically downwards with
velocity (vr ). In which direction from the vertical, he should hold his umbrella to protect from
rain. Draw the required diagram and derive the required formula.
Or
0
A ball is kicked at an angle of 30 with the vertical. If the horizontal component of its velocity is
19.6 m/s. Find the maximum height and horizontal range.

SECTION C
5. Define banking of roads. Derive an expression for the maximum velocity of a vehicle on a banked road.
Or
A body is projected at an angle 𝜃 with horizontal with initial velocity u. Prove that its trajectory is
Parabola. Also, find the time of flight and horizontal range reached.
6. (a)State parallelogram law of addition of two vectors. Derive mathematical treatment for
resultant.
b) What is the angle of projection for a projectile motion whose range R is n times the
maximum height?
7. A stone of mass 0.25 kg tied to the end of a string is whirled round in a circle of radius 1.5 m
with a speed of 40 rev./min in a horizontal plane. What is the tension in the string? What is the
maximum speed with which the stone can be whirled around if the string can withstand a
maximum tension of 200 N?
8. Define the orbital velocity of a satellite. Derive an expression for the orbital velocity of a satellite.
Hence find the total energy of the satellite.

61